CN105376047B - Security module protection method and device - Google Patents
Security module protection method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105376047B CN105376047B CN201410388868.3A CN201410388868A CN105376047B CN 105376047 B CN105376047 B CN 105376047B CN 201410388868 A CN201410388868 A CN 201410388868A CN 105376047 B CN105376047 B CN 105376047B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for protecting a safety module, wherein the method for protecting the safety module comprises the following steps: determining the change time points of the working frequency of the safety module in the working process of the safety module, and changing the working frequency transmitted to the safety module by the oscillator according to a preset rule when each change time point is reached; the safety module operates at the operating frequency transmitted from the oscillator. Therefore, the power consumption scrambling of the security module is realized in a simpler mode, the power consumption curve of the security module is randomly changed, and the risk of power consumption analysis is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of information security, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for protecting a security module.
Background
At present, the secure smart card is widely applied, such as bank cards, social security cards and the like, and is composed of a secure module and one or more integrated circuits or chips, and is packaged into cards or keys and the like which are convenient for users to carry. Analysis of power consumption for the security module in the smart card is a common means for breaking the key of the smart card. The Power consumption Analysis can be mainly divided into Simple Power Analysis (SPA) and Differential Power Analysis (DPA) according to attack means, and the two types of Power consumption Analysis are respectively analyzed for different weaknesses of a circuit. Simple power consumption analysis attacks by observing power consumption characteristics of an algorithm circuit during operation; the differential power consumption analysis is used for carrying out statistical analysis on a large number of plaintext (or ciphertext) and power consumption curves to obtain key information. One of the key means of the differential power consumption analysis is to find an observation point during the operation of the algorithm, so as to group the power consumption according to the value of the observation point, and then the power consumption curves of each group must be aligned in the time domain before statistical analysis of the power consumption curves can be performed. Since the differential power consumption analysis processes time-domain signals, it is a critical step to precisely align power consumption curves in the time domain, and if the power consumption curves are not aligned, power consumption differences of different data cannot be accumulated in a large number of samples. Therefore, in order to protect the security module, the basic method is to make the power consumption curve difficult to align precisely in the time domain, so that the key of the security module cannot be separated out, but in the prior art, a common technical method is to superimpose a randomly-changed power consumption load on the normal power consumption waveform of the security module, which not only needs to increase the power consumption of the security module and the design difficulty of the system, but also does not change the rule of the power consumption curve fundamentally; in addition, another method is to modify the key algorithm in the security module to improve the difficulty of algorithm cracking, but this method is difficult to implement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for protecting a security module, which solve the problems that the key of the security module is easy to crack and the security is not high in the prior art.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a security module protection method comprising:
determining the change time points of the working frequency of the safety module in the working process of the safety module, and changing the working frequency transmitted to the safety module by the oscillator according to a preset rule when each change time point is reached;
the safety module operates at the operating frequency transmitted from the oscillator.
Further, the operation of the security module at the operating frequency transmitted from the oscillator specifically includes: the safety module receives the random number generated by the random number generator under the working frequency transmitted by the oscillator, and utilizes the random number to carry out algorithm operation or operation of other working modes.
Further, the changing of the operating frequency transmitted by the oscillator to the security module according to the preset rule specifically includes: and changing the working frequency transmitted to the security module by the oscillator according to the random number generated by the random number generator.
Further, changing the operating frequency transmitted from the oscillator to the security module according to the random number generated by the random number generator specifically includes: judging whether the random number generated by the random number generator at present is equal to the random number generated at the last moment; if the current working frequency is equal to the preset working frequency, increasing or decreasing the changed working frequency to the preset working frequency when the change time point is reached; if not, when the changing time point is reached, the changed working frequency is the current working frequency and is increased or decreased by a random value.
Further, the determining a change time point of the operating frequency of the security module specifically includes: and determining the frequency change time point of the working frequency according to the random number generated by the random number generator.
Further, the determining the time point of the frequency change of the operating frequency according to the random number generated by the random number generator specifically includes: judging whether the random number generated by the random number generator at present is equal to the random number generated at the last moment; if the current change time point is equal to the current change time point, increasing or decreasing the current change time point by a preset time period; and if not, the change time point is the current change time point and is increased or decreased by a random time period.
A security module protection device comprising:
and the frequency control module is used for determining the change time point of the working frequency of the safety module in the working process of the safety module, and changing the working frequency transmitted to the safety module by the oscillator according to a preset rule when each change time point is reached.
Further, the frequency control module is specifically configured to change the operating frequency transmitted to the security module by the oscillator according to the random number generated by the random number generator, where the operating frequency is used for the security module to receive the random number generated by the random number generator under the operating frequency transmitted by the oscillator, and perform algorithm operation or other operating modes by using the random number.
Further, the frequency control module specifically includes: the judgment submodule is used for judging whether the random number generated by the random number generator at present is equal to the random number generated at the last moment; the frequency size control submodule is used for increasing or decreasing the changed working frequency to the current working frequency by a preset value when the change time point is reached if the judgment results of the judgment submodules are equal; if the judgment results of the judgment submodules are not equal, when the change time point is reached, the changed working frequency is that the current working frequency is increased or decreased by a random value.
Further, the frequency control module further comprises: and the frequency switching control sub-module is used for determining the change time point of the working frequency according to the random number generated by the random number generator.
Further, the frequency switching control sub-module specifically includes: the time point of change is a preset time period increased or decreased for the current time point of change if the judgment results of the judgment submodules are equal; and if the judgment results of the judgment submodules are not equal, the change time point is the increase or decrease of a random time period of the current change time point.
The invention provides a method and a device for protecting a safety module. Through the change to its operating frequency, fundamentally has changed the time domain signal of security module for it can not accurately align the power consumption curve on the time domain when the power consumption analysis, thereby can not differentiate its key, has protected the security module, and its implementation mode is fairly simple, also does not have more consumption to the power consumption of whole security module, consequently, not only makes the user can use the safe smart card more confidently, has also reduced producer's cost simultaneously.
Furthermore, the working frequency transmitted to the safety module by the oscillator can be changed according to the random number generated by the random number generator, so that the working frequency of the safety module is changed more irregularly, the power consumption curve of the safety module is more complex, and the safety module is more difficult to crack. The effects of using a simpler mode, realizing power consumption scrambling, randomly changing a power consumption curve and reducing the risk of power consumption analysis are achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a security module protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a security module protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a frequency control module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a frequency control module according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a secure smart card according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a flowchart of a security module protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 1, where the security module protection method specifically includes:
s101: judging whether the safety module is in a working state, if so, turning to S102; if not, go to S101. The working state comprises the working state that the safety module is in arithmetic operation or other operations; the specific judgment method comprises the following steps: the safety module can be in a working state by judging whether the smart card where the safety module is located is in a use state or judging whether the safety module is in a charged state or not.
S102: if the change time point of the operating frequency is reached, the process goes to S103 if the change time point of the operating frequency is reached, and goes to S102 if the change time point of the operating frequency is not reached. That is, it is determined what the time point of the change of the operating frequency of the oscillator is, and if the time of the time point is reached, the process goes to S103.
S103: and changing the working frequency transmitted to the safety module by the oscillator according to a preset rule. The oscillator provided on the smart card generally includes a ring oscillator of a current type, which mainly controls the frequency variation of the oscillator by controlling the reference current of the oscillator; the oscillator can also comprise another oscillator which dynamically adjusts the reference current and further adjusts the frequency of the reference current by controlling the size of a resistor generating the reference current; the preset rule for changing the frequency of the oscillator can be that the working frequency transmitted to the safety module by the oscillator is changed regularly or randomly, and the main purpose of the preset rule is to enable the working frequency to be changed constantly, so that the rule of the time domain signal is not easy to analyze.
S104: the security module operates at the operating frequency transmitted from the oscillator. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the safety module receives the random number generated by the random number generator under the working frequency transmitted by the oscillator, and utilizes the random number to carry out algorithm operation or operation of other working modes. The algorithm operation comprises the operation of algorithms such as key operation and the like; the random number generated by the random number generator is set in the smart card for matching with the security module to perform algorithm operation.
Preferably, the step S103 of changing the operating frequency transmitted by the oscillator to the security module according to the preset rule specifically includes: and changing the working frequency transmitted to the security module by the oscillator according to the random number generated by the random number generator. The random number may be the same as the random number for performing the algorithm operation in the security module in step S104, or may be a new random number generated by a random number generator; the method comprises the following specific steps: judging whether the random number generated by the random number generator at present is equal to the random number generated at the last moment; if the current working frequency is equal to the preset working frequency, increasing or decreasing the changed working frequency to the preset working frequency when the change time point is reached; if not, when the changing time point is reached, the changed working frequency is the current working frequency and is increased or decreased by a random value. The current time and the previous time represent the current time and the previous time of a clock signal sent by an oscillator, and the difference between the current time and the previous time is a change time point; the random number represents an irregularity value within a certain range; for example, the current operating frequency of the security module is F, the preset value is F, the random number N1 generated by the random number generator at present, the random number generated at the last time is N0, and if N1 is equal to N0, the operating frequency transmitted by the oscillator is adjusted to be a frequency value obtained by adding or subtracting F to F; if the N1 is not equal to N0, the working frequency transmitted by the oscillator is adjusted to a frequency value obtained by adding or subtracting the F and the random value at the current moment.
Further, the determining a change time point of the operating frequency of the security module specifically includes: and determining the frequency change time point of the working frequency according to the random number generated by the random number generator. Namely, the further limitation on the speed of the change of the working frequency transmitted to the safety module by the oscillator is carried out; the rule determined by the frequency change time point comprises changing the frequency of the oscillator according to a regular time period, wherein the frequency of the oscillator can be changed in the same time period or in a time period after a certain time period is subjected to ascending and descending operation; it may also include varying the frequency of the oscillator by a random period of time. The method comprises the following specific steps: judging whether the random number generated by the random number generator at present is equal to the random number generated at the last moment; if the current change time point is equal to the current change time point, increasing or decreasing the current change time point by a preset time period; and if not, the change time point is the current change time point and is increased or decreased by a random time period. For example, the current operating frequency of the security module is F, the operating frequency transmitted by the oscillator to the security module at the next time is F1, the random number N1 generated by the random number generator at the present time is N0 at the previous time, the preset time period is T1 after the time point of the frequency change of the operating frequency transmitted by the oscillator to the security module is T, and if N1 is equal to N0, the operating frequency F transmitted by the oscillator to the security module is controlled to change to F1 after the time period obtained by adding or subtracting T1 from T; and if the N1 is not equal to the N0, the working frequency F transmitted to the safety module by the control oscillator is changed into F1 after a time period obtained by adding or subtracting the T and a random number.
Preferably, the following is a method for controlling an operating frequency transmitted from an oscillator to a security module according to another embodiment of the present invention, which specifically includes:
receiving an N-bit random number generated by a random number generator;
converting the N bit random number into two parts A and B, wherein the conversion mode comprises that the random number is averagely divided into two parts A and B according to the number of digits; wherein part a controls the variation of the oscillator frequency; and the part B is used for controlling the speed of the frequency change of the oscillator.
The specific way for controlling the change of the working frequency by the part A comprises the following steps: comparing the current time A with the previous time A, and if the current time A is different from the previous time A, determining that the working frequency is a random frequency value; if the two frequencies are the same, the working frequency is as follows: and adding or subtracting the current frequency value and a frequency parameter to obtain a frequency value.
And the part B controls the speed of the change of the working frequency: comparing B at the current moment with B at the last moment, and if the B at the current moment is different from the B at the last moment, controlling the working frequency to change after a random time period; and if the current set time period is the same as the preset time period, the frequency transmitted to the safety module by the oscillator is changed after the current set time period is controlled to be added to a preset time period and then to be subtracted.
The method for protecting the security module provided by this embodiment mainly changes the operating frequency transmitted to the security module by the oscillator irregularly, so that the power consumption analysis of the security module is difficult to find out the real time point of the operation of the algorithm, and thus the key of the security module cannot be accurately analyzed, and the security performance of the security module is improved.
Referring to fig. 2, which is a block diagram of a security module protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the security module protection device 200 includes: the frequency control module 201 is configured to determine a change time point of the working frequency of the security module during a working process of the security module, and change the working frequency transmitted to the security module by the oscillator according to a preset rule when each change time point is reached. The working process of the security module specifically comprises the working process of the security module in key operation or other operations; the specific judgment method comprises the following steps: the method can be used for judging whether the smart card where the security module is located is in a use process or not, or judging whether the security module is in a charged state or not.
In some embodiments, the frequency control module 201 is specifically configured to change the operating frequency transmitted to the security module by the oscillator according to the random number generated by the random number generator, where the operating frequency is used for the security module to receive the random number generated by the random number generator at the operating frequency transmitted by the oscillator, and perform algorithm operation or operation in other operating modes by using the random number. Specifically, the random number generated by the random number generator is set in the smart card in order to cooperate with the security module to perform key operation.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a structural diagram of a frequency control module provided for an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 3, where the frequency control module 201 specifically includes: the judgment sub-module 2011 is configured to judge whether the random number generated by the random number generator at present is equal to the random number generated at the previous time; the frequency size control sub-module 2012 is configured to, if the determination result of the determining sub-module 2011 is equal, increase or decrease the changed working frequency to a preset value when the change time point is reached; if the determination result of the determination submodule 2011 is not equal, when the change time point is reached, the changed working frequency is that the current working frequency is increased or decreased by a random value. The current time and the previous time represent the current time and the previous time of a clock signal sent by an oscillator, and the difference between the current time and the previous time is a change time point; the random value represents an irregular numerical value within a certain range; for example, the current operating frequency of the security module is F, the operating frequency transmitted by the oscillator to the security module at the next time is F1, the random number N1 generated by the random number generator currently is N0 generated at the last time, the preset time period is T1 after the time point of the frequency change of the operating frequency transmitted by the current oscillator to the security module is T, and if N1 is equal to N0, the operating frequency F transmitted by the oscillator to the security module is controlled to be changed to F1 after the time period obtained by adding or subtracting T1 from T; and if the N1 is not equal to the N0, the working frequency F transmitted to the safety module by the control oscillator is changed into F1 after a time period obtained by adding or subtracting the T and a random number.
In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, a structural diagram of a frequency control module provided for another embodiment of the present invention is shown, referring to fig. 4, where the frequency control module 201 further includes: and the frequency switching control submodule 2013 is used for determining a change time point of the working frequency according to the random number generated by the random number generator and changing the working frequency transmitted to the safety module by the oscillator according to the change time point. Namely, the further limitation on the speed of the change of the working frequency transmitted to the safety module by the oscillator is carried out; the method comprises the following specific steps: the time point of change is a current time point of change increased or decreased by a preset time period if the determination result of the determination submodule 2011 is equal; if the determination result of the determination submodule 2011 is not equal, the change time point is a random time period increased or decreased from the current change time point. For example, the current operating frequency of the security module is F, the operating frequency transmitted by the oscillator to the security module at the next time is F1, the random number N1 generated by the random number generator at the present time is N0 at the previous time, the preset time period is T1 after the time point of the frequency change of the operating frequency transmitted by the oscillator to the security module is T, and if N1 is equal to N0, the operating frequency F transmitted by the oscillator to the security module is controlled to change to F1 after the time period obtained by adding or subtracting T1 from T; and if the N1 is not equal to the N0, the working frequency F transmitted to the safety module by the control oscillator is changed into F1 after a time period obtained by adding or subtracting the T and a random number.
Referring to fig. 5, which is a schematic circuit diagram of a secure smart card according to an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 5, wherein the process executed by each module includes: the functions of the various modules are:
the random number generator 400 generates random numbers and transmits the random numbers to the security module protection device 200, and simultaneously transmits the generated random numbers to the security module 500;
the security module protection device 200 adjusts the frequency value and the frequency variation speed of the oscillator 300 according to the obtained random number configuration.
The oscillator 300 dynamically adjusts the frequency of the oscillator 300 according to the signal controlling the frequency change transmitted thereto, which is controlled by the security module protection device 200.
The security module and data processor 500 performs arithmetic operations and other operations in different modes.
The security module protection device provided by the embodiment is mainly characterized in that the power consumption analysis is performed on the security module by irregularly changing the working frequency transmitted to the security module by the oscillator, so that the real time point of the algorithm operation is difficult to find out, the key of the security module cannot be accurately analyzed, and the security performance of the security module is improved.
The invention provides a method and a device for protecting a safety module, wherein in the working process of the safety module, the change time point of the working frequency of the safety module is determined, and when each change time point arrives, the working frequency transmitted to the safety module by an oscillator is changed according to a preset rule; the safety module operates at the operating frequency transmitted from the oscillator. Through the change to its operating frequency, fundamentally has changed the time domain signal of security module for it can not accurately align the power consumption curve on the time domain when the power consumption analysis, thereby can not differentiate its key, has protected the security module, and its implementation mode is fairly simple, also does not have more consumption to the power consumption of whole security module, consequently, not only makes the user can use the safe smart card more confidently, has also reduced producer's cost simultaneously.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention that is presented in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the practice of the invention is not to be considered limited to those descriptions. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of security module protection, comprising:
determining the change time points of the working frequency of the safety module in the working process of the safety module, and changing the working frequency transmitted to the safety module by the oscillator according to a preset rule when each change time point is reached;
the changing of the operating frequency transmitted by the oscillator to the security module according to the preset rule specifically includes: changing the working frequency transmitted to the safety module by the oscillator according to the random number generated by the random number generator; changing the working frequency transmitted by the oscillator to the security module according to the random number generated by the random number generator specifically comprises: judging whether the random number generated by the random number generator at present is equal to the random number generated at the last moment; if the current working frequency is equal to the preset working frequency, increasing or decreasing the changed working frequency to the preset working frequency when the change time point is reached; if not, when the change time point is reached, the changed working frequency is the current working frequency and is increased or decreased by a random value;
the safety module operates at the operating frequency transmitted from the oscillator.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the operation of the security module at the operating frequency transmitted by the oscillator specifically comprises: the safety module receives the random number generated by the random number generator under the working frequency transmitted by the oscillator and performs algorithm operation by using the random number.
3. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the determining a time point of change of the operating frequency of the security module specifically comprises: and determining the frequency change time point of the working frequency according to the random number generated by the random number generator.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein determining the time point of the frequency change of the operating frequency based on the random number generated by the random number generator specifically comprises: judging whether the random number generated by the random number generator at present is equal to the random number generated at the last moment; if the current change time point is equal to the current change time point, increasing or decreasing the current change time point by a preset time period; and if not, the change time point is the current change time point and is increased or decreased by a random time period.
5. A security module protection device, comprising:
the frequency control module is used for determining the change time point of the working frequency of the safety module in the working process of the safety module, and changing the working frequency transmitted to the safety module by the oscillator according to a preset rule when each change time point is reached;
the frequency control module specifically comprises: the judgment submodule is used for judging whether the random number generated by the random number generator at present is equal to the random number generated at the last moment; the frequency size control submodule is used for increasing or decreasing the changed working frequency to the current working frequency by a preset value when the change time point is reached if the judgment results of the judgment submodules are equal; if the judgment results of the judgment submodules are not equal, when the change time point is reached, the changed working frequency is that the current working frequency is increased or decreased by a random value.
6. The security module protection device of claim 5,
the frequency control module is specifically used for changing the working frequency transmitted to the security module by the oscillator according to the random number generated by the random number generator, and the working frequency is used for receiving the random number generated by the random number generator under the working frequency transmitted by the oscillator by the security module and performing algorithm operation by using the random number.
7. The security module protection device of claim 5 or 6, wherein the frequency control module further comprises: and the frequency switching control sub-module is used for determining the change time point of the working frequency according to the random number generated by the random number generator.
8. The security module protection device according to claim 7, wherein the frequency switching control sub-module specifically comprises: the time point of change is a preset time period increased or decreased for the current time point of change if the judgment results of the judgment submodules are equal; and if the judgment results of the judgment submodules are not equal, the change time point is the increase or decrease of a random time period of the current change time point.
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| JP2011113136A (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-06-09 | Sony Corp | Random number generating device, random number generation method, and security chip |
| DE102010028375A1 (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for protecting functional cryptographic operations against side channel attacks for cryptography system in car, involves performing non-functional cryptographic operations supplementary to functional cryptographic operations |
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