CN105367817B - A kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material, belongs to expanded material technical field.It is comprised the following steps that：Using perforated membrane as substrate, with close CO2Substance modifies perforated membrane duct；By step 1）Obtained close CO2The perforated membrane of modification and polymer construction are into composite model system；By step 2）Obtained composite model system foams, and obtains the polymer porous material of cell diameter graded.By the present invention in that by the use of perforated membrane as substrate, the polymer porous material of cell diameter graded is obtained so that material mechanical performance, thermoelectricity conductance change in gradient, assign the unique function of material, and the preparation for functional material provides new approaches.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to expanded material technical fields, and in particular to a kind of cell diameter graded polymer porous material
Preparation method.
Background technology
Functionally graded material is by the novel design of material thought for itself having unique performance and it is embodied
The attention of many academias and industrial quarters is attracted.These materials are because the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of its material is from a certain orientation of material
Continuously change to another orientation so that graded is also presented in the physical mechanical property and function of material, including mechanical property,
Thermoelectricity conductance etc..Nowadays, functionally graded material is widely used in the necks such as biological medicine, aerospace, electronics, auto industry
Domain.
At present, the main method for preparing the polymer porous material of cell diameter graded includes：1）Layer stackup addition,
This method is that the expanded material layer stackup Calais of different cell diameters is realized cell diameter graded.2）When controlling saturation
Between, this method is mainly saturation time of the stringent control polymer in foaming agent, makes polymer surfaces and internal foaming agent
Meltage difference controls polymer porous material cell diameter gradient.3）Blowing temperature is controlled, this method is to put polymer
Reach saturation state in foaming agent, then polymer taking-up be clipped in two blocks of parallel hot plates, using polymer surfaces and
Internal blowing temperature difference controls polymer porous material cell diameter gradient.4）Saturation temperature is controlled, this method is poly-
When conjunction object is put into saturation in foaming agent, the saturation temperature of every section of polymer is controlled so that every section of polymer foaming agent meltage is not
Together, so as to control the cell diameter of polymer porous material, gradient expanded material is obtained.The above method can obtain cell diameter
The polymer porous material of graded, but there is also it is respective the shortcomings that.If layer stackup addition is more traditional, between layers
Gap is had, perfect can not be superimposed, influence the performance of material.The control needs for controlling the saturation time method time are very accurate, and
Partial polymer can not foam.Control blowing temperature method more accurate to the control of blowing temperature, and also some polymerize
Object can not foam.Control saturation temperature method is higher for equipment requirement, and the saturation temperature of every section of polymer is required for accurately controlling.
So seeking a kind of simple for process, the relatively low method of equipment requirement prepares the polymer porous material of cell diameter graded
Become more urgent.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, it is an object of the invention to design a kind of cell diameter graded of offer to gather
Close the technical solution of the preparation method of object porous material.This method preparation process is simple, and equipment requirement is relatively low, can realize polymerization
Object porous material cell diameter graded assigns the unique physical mechanical property of material.
The preparation method of a kind of cell diameter graded polymer porous material, it is characterised in that including following
Processing step：
1）Using perforated membrane as substrate, with close CO2Substance modifies perforated membrane duct；
2）By step 1）Obtained close CO2The perforated membrane of modification and polymer construction are into composite model system；
3）By step 2）Obtained composite model system foams, and obtains the polyalcohol stephanoporate of cell diameter graded
Material.
A kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material, it is characterised in that step 1）In
The perforated membrane is that perforated membrane is anodic alumina films, anodic oxidation titanium film, anodic oxidation magnesium film, porous polylactic acid film, gathers
Vinyl chloride perforated membrane, Polyurethane Porous Membranes, polysulfone porous membrane, polypropylene porous film or polyethylene porous membrane.
A kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material, it is characterised in that step 1）In
The close CO2Substance be ionic liquid, fluorine containing silane or amino silane, the ionic liquid for 1-n- dodecyls-
3- methylimidazoles hexafluorophosphate, methylacryoyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate or 1- pi-allyl -3- butyl imidazoles four
Borofluoride；The fluorine containing silane is 17 fluorine decyl triethoxysilanes, tridecafluoro-n-octyltriethoxysilane or 17
Fluorine decyl trimethoxy silane；The amino silane is gamma-aminopropyl-triethoxy-silane, γ-aminopropyl trimethoxy silicon
Alkane or N- β aminoethyls-gamma-aminopropyl-triethoxy-silane.
A kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material, it is characterised in that step 1）In
With close CO2Substance modifies specially perforated membrane duct：
1）By close CO2Substance is dissolved in solvent, and 30~60min of magnetic agitation obtains close CO2Substance solution；
2）Perforated membrane is put into close CO2In substance solution, 30~60min of ultrasound obtains close CO2The perforated membrane of modification.
A kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material, it is characterised in that step 1）In
The solvent be ethyl alcohol, the close CO2The mass percentage concentration of substance solution is 0.25~1.25%.
A kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material, it is characterised in that step 2）In
The polymer for straight polymer and or Nanocomposites polymer, the straight polymer for polystyrene, poly- second
Alkene, polylactic acid, polymethyl methacrylate, polypropylene, polyurethane or polyethylene terephthalate, the nano-particle
Composition polymer is the polymer composite for being added to graphene, montmorillonite, carbon nanotube, silica or other nano-particles
Material.
A kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material, it is characterised in that step 3）In
Foaming is specially：
1）With close CO2The perforated membrane of modification is substrate, and being cast or melt compacting at 0~300 DEG C with polymer is gathered
Close object composite model system print material；
2）Print material is put into autoclave, injection has pressure in autoclave after being purged by foaming agent gas
Foaming agent, control pressure seal saturation 1-24 hours in 5~30Mpa at 60~300 DEG C, and rapid pressure release to atmospheric pressure is simultaneously put
Enter in ice-water bath and be cooled to room temperature, take out sample and obtain the polymer porous material of cell diameter graded.
A kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material, it is characterised in that the hair
Infusion is carbon dioxide, nitrogen, butane, freon or hydrogeneous chlorine freon.
The advantage of the invention is that：
1）The present invention is compared to existing preparation gradient expanded material preparation method, and equipment requirement is lower, and preparation process is more
Simply.
2）Different-thickness and the perforated membrane in aperture may be used in the present invention, prepares different cell diameters and gradient magnitude
Polymer porous material.
3）The present invention can use one layer of perforated membrane to prepare the expanded material of single gradient as substrate, can also use more
It is controllable to obtain cell diameter between film layer, cell density and abscess gradient magnitude for layer perforated membrane and polymer construction compound system
Polymer porous material.
4）Polymer of the present invention can be straight polymer or Nanocomposites polymer or gather
Close the polymer porous material that object blend prepares different cell diameters, cell density and performance.
5）By the present invention in that by the use of perforated membrane as substrate, the polymer porous material of cell diameter graded is obtained,
So that material mechanical performance, thermoelectricity conductance change in gradient, the unique function of material is assigned, the preparation for functional material provides
New approaches.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the perforated membrane being modified with 17 fluorine decyl triethoxysilanes is that polystyrene porous membrane obtained by substrate is compound
System porous material foam structure SEM schemes.
Specific embodiment
By embodiment, the invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited by following embodiment.
Embodiment 1：17 fluorine decyl triethoxysilanes of 2.5ml are dissolved in 500ml ethyl alcohol, magnetic agitation 30min is obtained
To 0.5% fluorine containing silane solution, then AAO films（Aperture 150nm）It is put into fluorine containing silane solution, ultrasonic 30min obtains parent
CO2The AAO films of modification；Using AAO films as substrate, compacting at 200 DEG C is cast or melted with polystyrene obtain polymer and answer
Close model system print material；Gained print material is put into autoclave, is noted in autoclave after being purged by carbon dioxide
Enter the carbon dioxide with pressure, control pressure seals saturation after 12 hours in 13.8Mpa at 100 DEG C, and rapid pressure release is to big
Air pressure and being put into ice-water bath is cooled to room temperature, and is taken out sample and is obtained the polymer porous material of cell diameter graded.It should
The SEM of material is schemed as shown in Figure 1, as can be seen from the figure close to the region of perforated membrane（Picture bottom）Cell diameter is smaller,
And become larger with the increase cell diameter gradient of distance.
Embodiment 2：7.5ml methylacryoyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborates are dissolved in 500ml ethyl alcohol, magnetic force stirs
60min is mixed, obtains 1.5% ionic liquid solution, then AAO films（Aperture 200nm）It is put into ionic liquid solution, ultrasound
60min obtains close CO2The AAO films of modification；Using AAO films as substrate, be cast at 180 DEG C with polymethyl methacrylate or
Melting compacting obtains polymer composite model system print material；Gained print material is put into autoclave, passes through titanium dioxide
It is small to seal saturation 1 in 10Mpa at 150 DEG C for carbon dioxide of the injection with pressure, control pressure in autoclave after carbon purging
Shi Hou, rapid pressure release to atmospheric pressure and being put into ice-water bath are cooled to room temperature, and are taken out sample and are obtained cell diameter graded
Polymer porous material.The material is smaller close to the region cell diameter of perforated membrane, and with the increase cell diameter of distance
Gradient becomes larger.
Embodiment 3：17 fluorine decyl triethoxysilanes of 2.5ml are dissolved in 500ml ethyl alcohol, magnetic agitation 40min is obtained
To 0.5% fluorine containing silane solution, then AAO films（Aperture 100nm）It is put into fluorine containing silane solution, ultrasonic 40min obtains parent
CO2The AAO films of modification；Using AAO films as substrate, compacting at 100 DEG C is cast or melted with polystyrene obtain polymer and answer
Close model system print material；Gained print material is put into autoclave, is noted in autoclave after being purged by carbon dioxide
Enter the carbon dioxide with pressure, control pressure seals saturation after 24 hours, rapid pressure release to air in 20Mpa at 60 DEG C
It presses and is put into ice-water bath and be cooled to room temperature, take out sample and obtain the polymer porous material of cell diameter graded.By
Detection, the diameter gradient variation of the material abscess.
Embodiment 4：2.5ml N- β aminoethyls-gamma-aminopropyl-triethoxy-silane is dissolved in 500ml ethyl alcohol, magnetic force stirs
30min is mixed, 0.5% amino silane solution is obtained, then AAO films（Aperture 150nm）It is put into solution containing amino silane, ultrasound
30min obtains close CO2The AAO films of modification；Using AAO films as substrate, it is cast at 130 DEG C with polyethylene/polypropylene blend
Or melting compacting obtains polymer composite model system print material；Gained print material is put into autoclave, passes through dioxy
Change after carbon purging that carbon dioxide of the injection with pressure, control pressure seal saturation in 25Mpa at 100 DEG C in autoclave
After 12 hours, rapid pressure release to atmospheric pressure and being put into ice-water bath is cooled to room temperature, and is taken out sample and is obtained the change of cell diameter gradient
The polymer porous material of change.By detection, the diameter gradient variation of the material abscess.
Embodiment 5：1.25ml gamma-aminopropyl-triethoxy-silanes are dissolved in 500ml ethyl alcohol, magnetic agitation 30min is obtained
To 0.25% amino silane solution, then AAO films（Aperture 50nm）It is put into amino silane solution, ultrasonic 30min obtains parent
CO2The AAO films of modification；Using AAO films as substrate, compacting at 200 DEG C is cast or melted with polystyrene obtain polymer and answer
Close model system print material；Gained print material is put into autoclave, is noted in autoclave after being purged by carbon dioxide
Enter the carbon dioxide with pressure, control pressure seals saturation after 12 hours in 13.8Mpa at 100 DEG C, and rapid pressure release is to big
Air pressure and being put into ice-water bath is cooled to room temperature, and is taken out sample and is obtained the polymer porous material of cell diameter graded.
Embodiment 6：17 fluorine decyl triethoxysilanes of 5ml are dissolved in 500ml ethyl alcohol, magnetic agitation 30min is obtained
1% fluorine containing silane solution, then AAO films（Aperture 20nm）It is put into fluorine containing silane solution, ultrasonic 30min obtains close CO2It repaiies
The AAO films of decorations；Using AAO films as substrate, compacting is cast or melted at 250 DEG C with polypropylene and obtain polymer composite model body
It is print material；Gained print material is put into autoclave, injection has pressure in autoclave after being purged by carbon dioxide
The carbon dioxide of power, control pressure seal saturation after 15 hours, rapid pressure release to atmospheric pressure is simultaneously put into 30Mpa at 80 DEG C
It is cooled to room temperature in ice-water bath, takes out sample and obtain the polymer porous material of cell diameter graded.By detection, the material
The diameter gradient variation in parison hole.
AAO films can be substituted for anodic oxidation titanium film or anodic oxidation magnesium film in the embodiment.
Embodiment 7：5ml1- pi-allyl -3- butyl imidazole tetrafluoroborates are dissolved in 500ml ethyl alcohol, magnetic agitation
30min obtains 1% containing solion, then porous polylactic acid film（Aperture 20nm）It is put into and contains in solion, ultrasound
30min obtains close CO2The porous polylactic acid film of modification；Using porous polylactic acid film as substrate, it is blended with polypropylene/polylactic acid
Object is cast or is melted at 100 DEG C compacting and obtains polymer composite model system print material；Gained print material is put into height
Press in kettle, after being purged by carbon dioxide in autoclave carbon dioxide of the injection with pressure, control pressure in 5Mpa,
Seal saturation after 10 hours at 300 DEG C, rapid pressure release to atmospheric pressure and being put into ice-water bath is cooled to room temperature, and is taken out sample and is obtained
The polymer porous material of cell diameter graded.By detection, the diameter gradient variation of the material abscess.
Porous polylactic acid film can be substituted for polyvinyl chloride perforated membrane, Polyurethane Porous Membranes, polysulfone porous in the embodiment
Film, polypropylene porous film or polyethylene porous membrane.
Embodiment 8：5ml tridecafluoro-n-octyltriethoxysilanes are dissolved in 500ml ethyl alcohol, magnetic agitation 30min is obtained
1% fluorine containing silane solution, then polyethylene porous membrane（150nm）It is put into fluorine containing silane solution, ultrasonic 30min obtains parent
CO2The polyethylene porous membrane of modification；Using polyethylene porous membrane as substrate, be added to graphene, montmorillonite, carbon nanotube,
The polystyrene nano composite material of silica or other nano-particles is cast or is melted at 100 DEG C compacting and obtains polymer
Composite model system print material；Gained print material is put into autoclave, after being purged by carbon dioxide in autoclave
Carbon dioxide of the injection with pressure, control pressure seal saturation after 5 hours in 20Mpa at 200 DEG C, and rapid pressure release is to big
Air pressure and being put into ice-water bath is cooled to room temperature, and is taken out sample and is obtained the polymer porous material of cell diameter graded.Through
Detection is crossed, the diameter gradient variation of the material abscess.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material, it is characterised in that walked including following technique
Suddenly：
1）Using perforated membrane as substrate, with close CO2Substance modifies perforated membrane duct；
2）By step 1）Obtained close CO2Perforated membrane and the polymer construction of substance modification are into composite model system；
3）By step 2）Obtained composite model system foams, and obtains the polyalcohol stephanoporate material of cell diameter graded
Material.
2. a kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material as described in claim 1, feature exist
In step 1）Described in perforated membrane for anodic alumina films, anodic oxidation titanium film, anodic oxidation magnesium film, porous polylactic acid film,
Polyvinyl chloride perforated membrane, Polyurethane Porous Membranes, polysulfone porous membrane, polypropylene porous film or polyethylene porous membrane.
3. a kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material as described in claim 1, feature exist
In step 1）Described in close CO2Substance is ionic liquid, fluorine containing silane or amino silane, and the ionic liquid is 1-n-
Dodecyl -3- methylimidazoles hexafluorophosphate, methylacryoyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate or 1- pi-allyl -3- fourths
Base tetrafluoroborate；The fluorine containing silane is 17 fluorine decyl triethoxysilanes, ten trifluoro octyl group triethoxysilicanes
Alkane or 17 fluorine decyl trimethoxy silanes；The amino silane is gamma-aminopropyl-triethoxy-silane, γ-aminopropyl three
Methoxy silane or N- β aminoethyls-gamma-aminopropyl-triethoxy-silane.
4. a kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material as described in claim 1 or 3, feature
It is step 1）Middle parent CO2Substance modifies specially perforated membrane duct：
1）By close CO2Substance is dissolved in solvent, and 30~60min of magnetic agitation obtains close CO2Substance solution；
2）Perforated membrane is put into close CO2In substance solution, 30~60min of ultrasound obtains close CO2The perforated membrane of modification.
5. a kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material as claimed in claim 4, feature exist
In step 1）Described in solvent be ethyl alcohol, the close CO2The mass percentage concentration of substance solution is 0.25~1.25%.
6. a kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material as described in claim 1, feature exist
In step 2）Described in polymer for straight polymer and or Nanocomposites polymer, the straight polymer be polyphenyl
Ethylene, polyethylene, polylactic acid, polymethyl methacrylate, polypropylene, polyurethane or polyethylene terephthalate, it is described
Nanocomposites polymer be added to graphene, montmorillonite, carbon nanotube, silica or other nano-particles poly-
Compound composite material.
7. a kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material as described in claim 1, feature exist
In step 3）Middle foaming is specially：
1）With close CO2The perforated membrane of modification is substrate, at 0~300 DEG C be cast or melts with polymer to suppress and obtain polymer and answer
Close model system print material；
2）Print material is put into autoclave, foaming of the injection with pressure in autoclave after being purged by foaming agent gas
Agent, control pressure seal saturation 1-24 hours in 5~30MPa at 60~300 DEG C, and rapid pressure release to atmospheric pressure is simultaneously put into ice
It is cooled to room temperature in water-bath, takes out sample and obtain the polymer porous material of cell diameter graded.
8. a kind of preparation method of cell diameter graded polymer porous material as claimed in claim 7, feature exist
In the foaming agent be carbon dioxide, nitrogen, butane, freon or hydrogeneous chlorine freon.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107823705B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2020-01-17 | 山东大学 | Polylactic acid array with different nano-column diameters and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN108586791B (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2020-09-18 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Foaming material with gradient pore structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN108774390B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2021-03-16 | 四川大学 | Layered foam wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111961246B (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2021-05-04 | 四川大学 | Supercritical fluid foaming method for porous PVDF with high beta crystal content |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101418391A (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2009-04-29 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Method for preparing gradient porous material |
| CN102321269A (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2012-01-18 | 浙江工业大学 | Method for preparing meso-porous silica/polylactic acid foamed material by supercritical CO2 foaming |
| CN104629180A (en) * | 2015-02-07 | 2015-05-20 | 浙江新恒泰新材料有限公司 | Polypropylene porous membrane and preparation method thereof |
| CN104629078A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-05-20 | 四川大学 | Preparation method of gradient porous polymer material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101418391A (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2009-04-29 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Method for preparing gradient porous material |
| CN102321269A (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2012-01-18 | 浙江工业大学 | Method for preparing meso-porous silica/polylactic acid foamed material by supercritical CO2 foaming |
| CN104629078A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-05-20 | 四川大学 | Preparation method of gradient porous polymer material |
| CN104629180A (en) * | 2015-02-07 | 2015-05-20 | 浙江新恒泰新材料有限公司 | Polypropylene porous membrane and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20160302 Assignee: Zhejiang Baosheng Plastic Industry Co.,Ltd. Assignor: JIANG University OF TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2023980037517 Denomination of invention: A Preparation Method for Polymer Porous Materials with Gradient Changes in Cell Diameter Granted publication date: 20180629 License type: Common License Record date: 20230705 Application publication date: 20160302 Assignee: Tiantai County Zongheng Wire Mesh Factory Assignor: JIANG University OF TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2023980037452 Denomination of invention: A Preparation Method for Polymer Porous Materials with Gradient Changes in Cell Diameter Granted publication date: 20180629 License type: Common License Record date: 20230704 |