CN105356907B - It is a kind of based on when anti-mirror cyclic shift energy measuring underwater acoustic communication method - Google Patents
It is a kind of based on when anti-mirror cyclic shift energy measuring underwater acoustic communication method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
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- H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2689—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation
- H04L27/2691—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation involving interference determination or cancellation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
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- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2689—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation
- H04L27/2695—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation with channel estimation, e.g. determination of delay spread, derivative or peak tracking
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Abstract
The present invention relates to field of underwater acoustic communication, and in particular to low complex degree, low-power consumption and high reliability in a kind of medium-long range underwater sound communication based on when anti-mirror cyclic shift energy measuring underwater acoustic communication method.The present invention includes：(1) serioparallel exchange is carried out to information sequence first in transmitting terminal；(2) cyclic shift spread-spectrum coding is carried out to frequency expansion sequence using obtained decimal sequence；(3) receiving terminal uses hydrophone reception signal；(4) channel estimation/renewal is carried out using upper a spread symbol periodic signal when being decoded to current sign；(5) signal when after inverse processing carries out cyclic shift energy measuring.The present invention coordinates cyclic shift energy measuring effectively suppressed carrier saltus step can disturb using complex signal demodulation, and system receiving terminal reduces receiving terminal system complexity without phaselocked loop real-time tracking carrier phase.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of underwater acoustic communication, and in particular to a kind of low complex degree in medium-long range underwater sound communication, low
Power consumption and high reliability based on when anti-mirror cyclic shift energy measuring underwater acoustic communication method.
Background technology
In modern age ocean development, underwater acoustic technology possesses wide development space as one of dominant technology.Underwater sound communication
An important research field always in underwater acoustic technology, gets more and more people's extensive concerning.Underwater acoustic channel be a bandwidth it is limited,
Multi-path jamming it is serious when, frequency, space-variant channel.The complexity of underwater acoustic channel and polytropy seriously limit underwater sound communication performance.
Cyclic shift spread-spectrum underwater sound communication carries out mapping code using the cyclic shift characteristic of frequency expansion sequence to information sequence,
The traffic rate of directly-enlarging system can be improved into multiple.But the serious system of more ways of carrier phase saltus step and underwater acoustic channel extension
About the performance of cyclic shift spread-spectrum communication system, be embodied in：(1) carrier phase saltus step causes the expansion of cyclic shift spread-spectrum system
Frequency gain degradation；(2) channel way extension more causes cyclic shift spread-spectrum system to produce interference and intersymbol in serious code and do
Disturb.Although some existing Technology of Adaptive Equalization can be very good solve channel Multi-path interference, while pass through interior interlocking
The mode real-time tracking carrier phase of phase ring, but these methods are required to higher signal to noise ratio condition.
The present invention cyclic shift spread-spectrum system receiving terminal propose based on when anti-mirror cyclic shift energy measuring decoding at
Reason method, by cyclic shift energy measuring can influence that effectively suppressed carrier phase hit decodes to system, utilize simultaneously
Real-time tracking estimates underwater acoustic channel and inverse processing can effectively suppress the influence that way expansion bands more than underwater acoustic channel are come when carrying out, so as to carry
The high reliability of cyclic shift spread-spectrum system.
The content of the invention
There is relatively low complexity, high reliability it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of, can effective suppressed carrier phase
The influence of way extension more of saltus step and underwater acoustic channel based on when anti-mirror cyclic shift energy measuring underwater acoustic communication method.
What the present invention was realized in：
(1) serioparallel exchange is carried out to information sequence first in transmitting terminal, the process of serioparallel exchange is according to selected spread spectrum
Binary information sequence is converted into decimal sequence by sequence length using n bit as one group, and wherein n is the exponent number of frequency expansion sequence；
M sequence from 5 ranks, when to send sequence be [0010100001], information sequence is divided into two groups [00101] and [00001], every group
It is that highest order is changed according to the left side, obtains decimal sequence [51]；
(2) cyclic shift spread-spectrum coding, the number of cyclic shift are carried out to frequency expansion sequence using obtained decimal sequence
As current decimal numeral numerical value；Data after being encoded to cyclic shift spread-spectrum carry out BPSK carrier modulations, if cyclic shift
Sequence time domain waveform after spread spectrum coding is cN[i](t), then the transmission signal after carrier modulation is cN[i](t)cos(ωct)；
To cyclic shift spread-spectrum signal be transmitted into underwater acoustic channel by transmitting transducer；
(3) receiving terminal uses hydrophone reception signal, after filtered amplification, uses complex carrier signalMutually it is multiplied with reception signal
Into demodulation；Signal after demodulation carries out piecemeal processing, and every piece of duration is frequency expansion sequence symbol period；
(4) channel estimation/renewal is carried out using upper a spread symbol periodic signal when being decoded to current sign,
And inverse processing when the channel that estimation/renewal obtains is carried out to current spread symbol；
(5) signal when after inverse processing carries out cyclic shift energy measuring, is detected by finding output energy maximum
Current frequency expansion sequence cyclic shift number；Reduced by parallel-serial conversion and send sequence, parallel-serial conversion is the anti-mistake of serioparallel exchange
Journey.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) cyclic shift energy measuring is coordinated effectively suppressed carrier saltus step to disturb using complex signal demodulation, system connects
Receiving end reduces receiving terminal system complexity without phaselocked loop real-time tracking carrier phase.
(2) estimation/renewal real-time to underwater acoustic channel, usable and fast changing channel, ensure system fast-changing
Inverse processing gain when lower of channel condition can so obtain, effectively suppress underwater acoustic channel interference.
(3) this method is applicable to Low SNR.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is algorithm principle block diagram；
Fig. 2 is channel estimation schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 has a try for sea and tests actual measurement underwater acoustic channel；
Fig. 4 has a try for sea and tests actual reception signal waveform；
Anti- mirror cyclic shift energy measuring output result when Fig. 5 is；
Fig. 6 contrasts for cyclic shift spread-spectrum system output result；
Fig. 7 is that Lake Lianhuahu surveys underwater acoustic channel；
Fig. 8 contrasts for cyclic shift spread-spectrum system output result.
Embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention is to provide it is a kind of based on when anti-mirror cyclic shift energy measuring underwater acoustic communication method.The invention belongs to
Technical field of underwater acoustic communication.The fluctuating on sea and Doppler effect cause the carrier phase of reception signal that saltus step and the underwater sound occurs
More ways of channel, which extend, causes reception signal waveform to be distorted, and has a strong impact on cyclic shift spread-spectrum systematic function.The present invention exists
Cyclic shift spread-spectrum system receiving terminal propose based on when anti-mirror cyclic shift energy measuring decoding processing method, by detection follow
The output energy of ring displacement matched filter decodes to system, can effectively solve carrier phase saltus step to cyclic shift spread-spectrum
The influence of system；Inverse processing can effectively suppress the shadow of underwater acoustic channel way extension more when underwater acoustic channel real-time tracking is estimated and carried out
Ring, ensure that cyclic shift spread-spectrum system can work under Low SNR.Amount of calculation of the present invention is low, is easy to real-time implementation,
The cyclic shift spread-spectrum stability of a system can be effectively improved.Verified by Dalian sea trial and Lake Lianhuahu Lake trial, multiple
Under miscellaneous underwater acoustic channel way extension, carrier phase saltus step and Low SNR more, using the cyclic shift spread-spectrum system of the present invention
Realize low bit error underwater sound communication.
(1) serioparallel exchange is carried out to information sequence first in transmitting terminal, the process of serioparallel exchange is according to selected spread spectrum
Binary information sequence is converted into decimal sequence by sequence length using n bit as one group, and wherein n is the exponent number of frequency expansion sequence.
For example, M sequence from 5 ranks, when to send sequence be [0010100001], information sequence be divided into two groups ([00101] and
[00001]), every group is that highest order is changed according to the left side, obtains decimal sequence [51]；
(2) cyclic shift spread-spectrum coding, the number of cyclic shift are carried out to frequency expansion sequence using obtained decimal sequence
As current decimal numeral numerical value.Data after being encoded to cyclic shift spread-spectrum carry out BPSK carrier modulations, if cyclic shift
Sequence time domain waveform after spread spectrum coding is cN[i](t), then the transmission signal after carrier modulation is cN[i](t)cos(ωct).
To cyclic shift spread-spectrum signal be transmitted into underwater acoustic channel by transmitting transducer；
(3) receiving terminal uses hydrophone reception signal, after filtered amplification, uses complex carrier signalMutually it is multiplied with reception signal
Into demodulation.Signal after demodulation carries out piecemeal processing, and every piece of duration is frequency expansion sequence symbol period；
(4) channel estimation/renewal is carried out using upper a spread symbol periodic signal when being decoded to current sign,
And inverse processing when the channel that estimation/renewal obtains is carried out to current spread symbol；
(5) signal when after inverse processing carries out cyclic shift energy measuring, is detected by finding output energy maximum
Current frequency expansion sequence cyclic shift number.Reduced finally by parallel-serial conversion and send sequence, parallel-serial conversion is serioparallel exchange
Inverse process.
1 is as follows as a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, cyclic shift energy measuring principle：
For convenience of the derivation of equation, a cyclic shift matrices are defined first：
Frequency expansion sequence cyclic shift once, can be multiplied with frequency expansion sequence by matrix K and once be obtained.Therefore, KjC is represented
The result that chaos sequence cyclic shift is j times, wherein c are the vector form of frequency expansion sequence.
In cyclic shift spread-spectrum system transmitting terminal, send sequence a [i] and carry out serioparallel exchange first, by binary data stream
It is converted into decimal data stream N [i].It is (following that cyclic shift coding is carried out using decimal data stream N [i] control frequency expansion sequences
Analysis to signal is limited in a chaos sequence durations)：
cN[i]=KN[i]c (2)
In formula, cN[i]Represent that frequency expansion sequence c has carried out the sequence obtained after N [i] secondary cyclic shift.Now understand, send
Information sequence is by cyclic shift coding mapping into frequency expansion sequence.
Cyclic shift energy detector is by detecting the local energy knot for matching output with reception signal with reference to frequency expansion sequence
Fruit is decoded.Cyclic shift energy detector output m-th of energy output result be：
By frequency expansion sequence cyclic shift characteristic：
In formula, M is spreading sequence period.Understand, during and if only if m=N [i], cyclic shift matched filter output letter
Number y takes maximum.Therefore the position for occurring maximum by searching for y can obtain N [i], and then recover original letter using N [i]
Cease sequence a [i].
What shifting and Doppler effect changed over time the carrier wave caused jointly in reception signal appearance one
Carrier phase, then reception signal is (putting aside multi_path channel and influence of noise)：
In formula, ωcFor centre carrier frequency；For the carrier phase changed over time, it will influence conventional circulation
Shift the output result of matched filter.Especially whenWhen, the spreading gain of system will be severely impacted.
Cyclic shift energy detector can be very good solve carrier phase by detecting frequency expansion sequence matching output energy
Influence.Cyclic shift energy detector usesSignal is demodulated to reception signal：
Reception signal will be changed into after low-pass filtering treatment：
Then formula (3) output result is：
In formula, rlowFor rlow(t) vector form：
rlow=Λ cN[i](9)
In formula, Λ is carrier phase, limited at this because carrier phase change is carried out in a code-element period
It is believed that in timeFor a constant, therefore have：
Then m-th of energy output result of cyclic shift energy detector is：
From formula (11) it can be seen that, the output of cyclic shift matched filter be frequency expansion sequence matching form of energy,
Eliminated the influence of carrier phase saltus step, can effective guarantee cyclic shift spread-spectrum system decoding be normally carried out.It can be seen that
Receiving terminal is usedSignal demodulation is the key that cyclic shift energy detector overcomes carrier wave saltus step to disturb, even if working as
System still can influence that effectively suppressed carrier phase is brought.
2 is as follows as a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, specific implementation flow：
Fig. 1 gives the algorithm principle figure of the present invention.Reception signal carries out bandpass filtering and frame synchronization process first, then
UtilizeSignal carries out carrier wave demodulation to the signal after synchronization and carries out LPF.LPF output signal spread symbol
Cycle is anti-mirror cyclic shift energy measuring when unit is carried out.Enter first before current sign enters cyclic shift energy detector
Inverse processing during row, more ways extension of underwater acoustic channel is compressed so as to ensure to enter the signal of cyclic shift energy detector not
Interference effect is extended by more ways.Underwater acoustic channel by the testing result that cyclic shift energy detector is fed back to current sign
Estimated and stored, as the channel estimation of inverse processing when being carried out to next symbol, this will be helpful to be applied to quick become
The underwater acoustic channel of change, instant anti-mirror cyclic shift energy detector algorithm can track channel in real time, anti-during so as to ensure that
The reliability of processing.
Channel estimation/renewal process is as shown in Figure 2.Previous cycle displacement energy detection results feed back to local with reference to spread spectrum
Sequence carries out cyclic shift, while current spread symbol periodic signal is carried out with reference to frequency expansion sequence using the local of cyclic shift
Adaptive channel estimation.Obtained estimation channel is using as the reference channel of inverse processing during next spread symbol cycle.In addition,
The coefficient correlation of current estimation channel and upper one estimation channel is calculated, if coefficient correlation is less than threshold value (being typically set to 0.5),
Then think currently to estimate that larger error occurs in channel, estimation channel does not update.
3 is as follows as a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, its field trial result of study：
In order to verify the reliability of the present invention, Dalian sea trial and Lake Lianhuahu Lake trial have been carried out respectively.Great Lian Hai
It is relatively simple to try underwater acoustic channel structure, but carrier phase saltus step is more serious as caused by shifting；Try carrier wave in Lake Lianhuahu lake
Phase hit is relatively gentle, but underwater acoustic channel is complex, more way extension serious interferences.
1. Dalian sea trial
Carried out in Dalian Changshan island surrounding waters in January, 2015 based on when anti-mirror energy measuring method cyclic shift spread-spectrum
Communicate sea trial.Marine site depth is tested in 20~40m, maximum communication distance 10km.Experiment same day sea stormy waves is larger, this
Rapid jumping is occurred into for the phase for causing reception signal.Transmitting terminal lays depth 12m, and receiving terminal lays depth 6m.Fig. 3 gives
The underwater acoustic channel that channel experiment same day test obtains, it is seen that direct sound wave due in is more and more nearer, i.e., stormy waves causes communication process
There is relative motion in middle receiving-transmitting sides, movement velocity is about 0.5m/s.
Systematic parameter is in the examination of sea：Bandwidth 4kHz, centre carrier frequency 6kHz, is modulated using BPSK, and frequency expansion sequence is selected
Cycle be 511 m-sequence, traffic rate 70.45bps.Send data and include 540bit information per frame, send 6 groups altogether.Due to
Send bit number it is limited, when anti-mirror cyclic shift spread-spectrum system realize zero error code communication.
Fig. 4 gives the sea examination data receiver oscillogram that communication distance is 10km.When synchronized head detection determines 8s~58s
Interior is communication valid data, it can be seen that reception signal is submerged in noise completely, is received band and is limited signal to noise ratio about -3dB.Separately
Outside, it can be seen that many " burrs " interference is mixed with reception signal, these " burrs " are listened by stormy waves slap taken-over vessel and water
Caused by object collision on device and cable, ship, the very wide covering communication band of its frequency spectrum, it can not be filtered out by wave filter.
For performance of the further verification algorithm under the conditions of lower signal to noise ratio, white Gaussian is additionally added to reception signal
Noise so that reception signal band limit signal to noise ratio is -10dB, and system still realizes low bit error underwater sound communication.Fig. 5 gives -10dB
When under the conditions of signal to noise ratio before anti-mirror cyclic shift energy detector 10 code-element periods output result, it is seen that energy output is very big
Value is obvious.
Fig. 6 sets forth same group of data by regular circulation displacement spread spectrum, cyclic shift energy detector and when it is anti-
Three kinds of modes of mirror cyclic shift energy detector handle obtained decoding effect comparison diagram.As previously described, the fluctuating on sea with
And the relative motion of receiving-transmitting sides causes the phase of reception signal there occurs saltus step, if being directly demodulated the load that can cause residual
Wave phase has a strong impact on the result of cyclic shift matching, and then error code occurs.And the method for cyclic shift energy measuring is good
Solves the problems, such as carrier phase saltus step at a slow speed.When without when inverse processing when, black curve institute in system output result such as figure
Show, matching result is multi-peak.The effect that extra large experimental data processing obtains is not fairly obvious, and reason is to test marine site
10km underwater acoustic channel multipath structure is relatively easy, and more ways extend smaller (see Fig. 3).Thus result with when inverse processing result
It is close (shown in Fig. 6 blue lines).But when channel multipath structure is complex or more ways extend larger, cyclic shift matching
Output result will be severely impacted.
2. Lake Lianhuahu Lake trial
In August, 2012 has carried out cyclic shift spread-spectrum underwater sound communication experiment in Heilongjiang Province Lake Lianhuahu waters, tests waters
It is open, mean depth 40m.Experiment, which is worked as, has become a fine day cloudy, gentle breeze, the high about 0.1m of wave.The velocity of sound is distributed in the negative gradient velocity of sound.Lake Lianhuahu
Lakebed was village originally, after establish dam and turn into water storage lake, lakebed boundary condition is complicated.It is equal that the transducer of transmitting-receiving node hangs depth
About 6m.Lake Lianhuahu experimental system parameter is：Bandwidth 2kHz, centre carrier frequency 6kHz, is modulated using BPSK, frequency expansion sequence choosing
With the M sequence that the cycle is 128, traffic rate 110.23bps.Send data and include 721bit information per frame, send 10 groups altogether.
Fig. 7 gives the Lake Lianhuahu underwater acoustic channel multipath structure for trying data by Lake Lianhuahu lake and surveying.It can be seen that lotus flower
Lake actual measurement channel multipath structure is complicated, and more way extensions reach 60ms.The cyclic shift spread-spectrum decoding output knot under the channel condition
Fruit as shown in figure 8, wherein red dotted line for cyclic shift energy detector export, anti-mirror cyclic shift energy measuring when blue line is
Device exports.
The extension of larger more ways is (more way expansion time is-greater-than symbol duration) and complex as can be seen from Figure 8
Channel architecture had a strong impact on the performance of cyclic shift system.When inverse processing realized in time-domain underwater acoustic channel gathered
Jiao, the underwater acoustic channel of labyrinth is become into approximate unimodal simple channel in structure.This time experimental data processing result is equal
Transmitted for 0 error code.
Claims (1)
1. it is a kind of based on when anti-mirror cyclic shift energy measuring underwater acoustic communication method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) serioparallel exchange is carried out to information sequence first in transmitting terminal, the process of serioparallel exchange is according to selected frequency expansion sequence
Binary information sequence is converted into decimal sequence by length using n bit as one group, and wherein n is the exponent number of frequency expansion sequence；
(2) cyclic shift spread-spectrum coding is carried out to frequency expansion sequence using obtained decimal sequence, the number of cyclic shift is
Current decimal numeral numerical value；Data after being encoded to cyclic shift spread-spectrum carry out BPSK carrier modulations, if cyclic shift spread-spectrum
Sequence time domain waveform after coding is cN[i](t), then the transmission signal after carrier modulation is cN[i](t)cos(ωct)；Obtain
Cyclic shift spread-spectrum signal is transmitted into underwater acoustic channel, ω by transmitting transducercFor centre carrier frequency, cN[i]Represent spread spectrum
Sequence c has carried out the sequence obtained after N [i] secondary cyclic shift；
(3) receiving terminal uses hydrophone reception signal, after filtered amplification, uses complex carrier signalBe multiplied completion solution with reception signal
Adjust；Signal after demodulation carries out piecemeal processing, and every piece of duration is frequency expansion sequence symbol period；
(4) channel is carried out using upper frequency expansion sequence symbol period signal when decoding current frequency expansion sequence symbol to estimate
Meter/renewal, and inverse processing when the channel that estimation/renewal obtains is carried out to current frequency expansion sequence symbol；
(5) signal when after inverse processing carries out cyclic shift energy measuring, is detected by finding output energy maximum current
Frequency expansion sequence cyclic shift number；Reduced by parallel-serial conversion and send sequence, parallel-serial conversion is the inverse process of serioparallel exchange.
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