CN105355354B - A kind of samarium iron nitrogen base anisotropy rare earth permanent magnet powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of samarium iron nitrogen base anisotropy rare earth permanent magnet powder and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN105355354B
CN105355354B CN201510930278.3A CN201510930278A CN105355354B CN 105355354 B CN105355354 B CN 105355354B CN 201510930278 A CN201510930278 A CN 201510930278A CN 105355354 B CN105355354 B CN 105355354B
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朱洁
卢赐福
包小倩
高学绪
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

A kind of samarium iron nitrogen base anisotropy rare earth permanent magnet powder and preparation method thereof, belongs to field of rare-earth permanent magnetic.Constituent is:RxT100‑x‑y‑zM1yM2zNv, in formula, R is rare earth element Sm or Sm and other rare earth elements combination, 5≤x≤20;T is iron either iron and cobalt;M1 is at least one of Si, Al, Ni, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo, W element, 0.1≤y≤10;M2 is at least one of Cu, Zn element, 0.1≤z≤10;0.5≤v≤20.The 2 of magnetic are provided:The low melting point that 17 type principal phases are made up of R, M2 element is mutually wrapped in, and can be accommodated rare earth element excessive in alloy and is unlikely to form SmFe2、SmFe3Phase, while contribute to 2 again:17 type main phase grains eliminate defect, the reverse farmland forming core point of reduction and uncoupling effect.Magnetic has good inoxidizability and corrosion resistance.

Description

A kind of samarium iron nitrogen base anisotropy rare earth permanent magnet powder and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of rare-earth permanent magnetic, is related to a kind of samarium iron nitrogen base anisotropy rare earth permanent magnet powder and its system Preparation Method, the magnetic are mainly used as preparing anisotropic bond permanent magnetism.
Background technology
The assistant river true man (Masato Sagawa) of nineteen eighty-two Sumitomo Special Metals have invented sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet, because Its and preparation method less expensive with up to the present highest magnetic energy product, high-coercive force, raw material is simple and obtains extensively should With being current most popular rare earth permanent magnet.The rapidly quenching Nd Fe B magnetic powder invented using General Electric Co. Limited is prepared into viscous Knot magnet because of it there is high dimensional accuracy, convenience to prepare special-shaped magnet and also obtain being widely recognized as market.Rare earth permanent magnet turns into existing Important basic material during generation is social, in computer, automobile, instrument, instrument, household electrical appliance, petrochemical industry, health care, boat Extensive use in the industries such as empty space flight.
Nd-Fe-B bases magnet can be prepared into the magnet with high-coercive force, and its coercitive important sources is that have Have mutually wrapped up by rich neodymium, the principal phase Nd of edge smoothing2Fe14The microstructure of B crystal grain, the principal phase in this microstructure is because of crystal grain Demagnetizing field and stray magnetic field, the forming core field for improving reverse farmland are reduced because of edge smoothing, and Grain-Boundary Phase being capable of effectively pin magnetic Farmland.
Nineteen ninety Ireland Trinity University Coey teaches seminar and Yang Yingchang academician seminar of Peking University is based on dilute The interstitial atom effects of nitrogen in soil-transistion metal compound, find Sm2Fe17Nx(abbreviation samarium iron nitrogen) and Nd (Fe, M)12Nx(letter Claim neodymium iron nitrogen) there is excellent intrinsic magnetic properties, it can be compared favourably with neodymium iron boron, and there is the Curie temperature higher than neodymium iron boron, Samarium iron nitrogen and neodymium iron nitrogen are considered as the candidate of rare earth permanent magnet of future generation.
Known Sm2Fe17N3Just magnetic can show high coercivity when crystallite dimension is not more than single shaft particle, in order to obtain The tiny tissue of crystal grain is obtained, existing method mainly there are two classes, and one kind is directly to prepare crystallite dimension to be less than single domain size Foundry alloy, this kind of method have:Mechanical alloying method (MA), hydrogenation discrimination method (HDDR) and melt-quenching method (RQ);Using this kind of The patent of method have CN1202537C, CN1230755A, US5288339, US5395459, CN1286602C, CN100513015C、EP1043099B1、EP1043099B1、US6334908、CN1144240C、CN1144240C、 CN1230755A, US6290782, CN102248157B, CN102737801B etc..It is another kind of to be, first prepare crystallite dimension compared with Big foundry alloy, foundry alloy particle is directly then crushed to single domain size, or first nitrogenizes and be broken into single domain particle again, it is this kind of Method has:Powder metallurgic method (PM), reduction-diffusion process (R/D);Using the patent of this kind of method have US5482572, CN1093311C, CN103785847A, CN1254338C, CN100437841C etc..Process above be formerly prepare it is single-phase Foundry alloy on the basis of by nitridation obtain R2Fe17N3's.
The Yang Yingchang academician seminar of Peking University in 2002 takes the lead in using strip casting technology at home, it is therefore an objective to shortens Prepare single-phase Sm2Fe17The time of alloy.
2006, poplar answered prosperous academician to be proposed in granted patent ZL200610113209.4, used rapid hardening slab technology, system It is standby go out with the single Sm of flake crystalline microstructure2Fe17The alloy casting piece of phase, obtain having concurrently after broken nitridation fine grinding magnetic respectively to The sheet magnetic of the opposite sex and shape anisotropy.
2012, CN102737801B patents, which propose to prepare using strip casting method, had column crystal Sm2Fe17Rapid hardening casting Piece, rich Sm SmFe is distributed between column crystal principal phase2Or SmFe3Phase, slab is through crystallization and thermal treatment, coarse crushing, nitridation and fine grinding And obtain anisotropic samarium iron nitrogen magnetic.
Nd-Fe-B bases magnet can be prepared into the magnet with high-coercive force, and its coercitive important sources is that have There is the principal phase Nd that edge smoothing is mutually wrapped by rich neodymium2Fe14The microstructure of B crystal grain.It is this to adjust group using Nd-rich phase The technology that there is selvedge circle uncoupling to act on simultaneously does not apply to but in samarium iron nitrogen, although because the samarium of directly excessive addition can Nd-rich phase is formed, but these Nd-rich phases are easily decomposed in nitridation process and produce the α-Fe of soft magnetism, turns into anti- To the forming core core of magnetic domain, this can seriously damage the coercivity of magnetic.Therefore, up to the present, all preparation anisotropy nitrogen The technique of compound permanent magnetism powder is all first to obtain single-phase foundry alloy and then by crushing, nitrogenizing and being further ground into 1-3 μm The single crystal grain with magnetic anisotropy is obtained after particle diameter.
In order to further simplify preparation technology, improve the coercivity of anisotropic nitride permanent magnetism powder, inoxidizability and resistance to Corrosion, the composition that the present invention improves alloy are allowed to advantageously form the Grain-Boundary Phase with magnetic insulating effect, and have formulated corresponding Preparation technology.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of alloying component for being adapted to prepare anisotropic magnet powder and corresponding preparation technology, This magnetic has good inoxidizability and corrosion resistance.To achieve the above objectives, the composition of present invention improvement alloy has been allowed to Beneficial to Grain-Boundary Phase of the formation with magnetic insulating effect, and corresponding preparation technology is formulated.The composition and technique of this alloy are outstanding It is adapted to prepare Sm2Fe17NxThe anisotropic magnet powder of (abbreviation samarium iron nitrogen) base.
Specifically, the present invention in samarium iron nitrogen magnetic using the constituent represented by atomic percent as:
RxT100-x-y-zM1yM2zNv
In formula, R is rare earth element Sm or Sm and other rare earth elements combination, 5≤x≤20;T be iron either iron and Cobalt;M1 is at least one of Si, Al, Ni, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo, W element, 0.1≤y≤10;M2 is in Cu, Zn At least one element, 0.1≤z≤10;0.5≤v≤20.The samarium iron nitrogen magnetic is nitrogenized to obtain by foundry alloy magnetic, foundry alloy By two class phase compositions, one kind is made up of R, T and M1, has Th2Zn17Or Th2Ni17The principal phase of type structure, its composed atom Account for the 80-99% of foundry alloy;The another kind of Grain-Boundary Phase being made up of R and M2, its composed atom account for the 1-20% of foundry alloy.
The effect of each composition of the present invention is that R, T, M1 element form Th2Zn17Or Th2Ni17Type structural compounds Principal phase, M1, which has the function that to promote principal phase to be formed, suppresses α-Fe separates out and crystal grain thinning;M2 elements are difficult to enter Th2Zn17Or Person Th2Ni17In type structural compounds lattice, but the phase of low melting point is formed with R, still with liquid phase in principal phase precipitation process Fractions distribution eventually becomes Grain-Boundary Phase on crystal boundary.
M1 is nonmagnetic elements, excessive to add the saturated pole intensity decreases that cause magnetic, so needing M1's Atomic percent is controlled within 10at%;R element preferentially combines to form the low melting point phase that fusing point is less than 1000 DEG C with M2, turns into Grain-Boundary Phase between main phase grain;1mol M2 elements need 1-2mol R elements to form Grain-Boundary Phase, therefore M2 is preferably in a proportion of 1- 10at.%, the coercivity that Grain-Boundary Phase is advantageous to magnetic improve, and under excessive M2 then causes the magnetic polarization intensity of magnetic excessive Drop.
In R2Fe17In compound, only Sm2Fe17Nitride there is uniaxial anisotropy;But, Y2Fe17N2.8、 Ce2Fe17N2.8、Pr2Fe17N2.8 and Nd2Fe17N2.5It is respectively provided with and compares Sm2Fe17N2.3Higher saturated pole intensity, with appropriate ratio Y, Ce, Pr, Nd of example replace Sm to improve the remanent magnetism of magnetic on the premise of to keep principal phase be uniaxial anisotropy, therefore in R 30at.% Sm can be replaced with Ce, Pr, Nd.
In R2Fe17N3In, a small amount of Co substitutions Fe can improve its Curie temperature, and excessive substitution then damages magnetocrystalline anisotropy , so Fe need to account for more than 70at.% in T.
Because R is preferentially combined with M2, therefore R amount should be enough to react to form R with whole Fe2Fe17, R's is preferably in a proportion of 10.5-20at.%
By chemical formula RxT100-x-y-zM1yM2zThe represented foundry alloy composition for being used to prepare anisotropic magnet powder of the present invention, can Example is such as:
Sm11.9Cu4Febal
Sm13.6Cu4Febal
Sm13.6Cu4Co5Febal
Sm11.6Pr2Cu4Febal
Sm11.6Nd2Cu4Febal
Sm12.5Cu4Febal
Sm11.8Cu4Nb1Febal
Sm10.8La1Cu4Febal
Sm10.5Cu2Fe bal
Sm10.8Cu2Febal
Sm11.2Cu2Febal
Sm11.2Cu2Al 1Febal
Sm11.2Cu2ZrFebal
Sm11.8Zn4Febal
Sm13.6Zn4Febal
Sm11.6Pr2Zn4Febal
Sm11.6Nd2Zn4Febal
…………………………
The preparation technology of rare earth permanent magnet powder of the manufacture with above-mentioned foundry alloy composition comprises the following steps:
1) using metallic element R, T, M1, M2 as raw material, induction melting is carried out under argon gas protection, melt operating speed is 1-10m/s water-cooled copper roller casts thin slice (i.e. rapid hardening ingot casting);
2) heat treatment of 0-2 hours is carried out under argon gas protection at 700-1000 DEG C to slab;
3) slab is carried out tentatively being broken into the powder that granularity is 50-2000 microns;
4) to high pure nitrogen 2-20 hour of the tentatively broken magnetic at 350-550 DEG C;
5) single crystal grain that granularity is 1-10 μm is further broken up into nitridation magnetic using ball mill.
Above-mentioned magnetic preparation technology, when the rapid hardening ingot casting technology of step 1) prepares slab, the linear resonance surface velocity scope of copper roller It is 1-5m/s, for institute's cast alloy scale flake thickness between 100 μm -500 μm, its microscopic structure has following characteristics:By R, T, The principal phase of M1 elements composition has Th2Zn17Or Th2Ni17Type structure, crystallite dimension are 2-50 μm;It is made up of M2 and R element Grain-Boundary Phase fusing point is less than 1000 DEG C, is evenly distributed on principal phase grain boundaries, and thickness is 1nm-5 μm.
Above-mentioned magnetic preparation technology, the effect of step 2) are removal process 1) in fail to react complete α-Fe;Optimization is brilliant Between phase distribution, improve the border micro-structural of principal phase, reduce corner sharp on main phase grain.
Above-mentioned magnetic preparation technology, the effect of step 3) are to improve the dynamic performance of magnetic nitridation so that foundry alloy is equal It is even, fully nitrogenize, eliminate do not nitrogenize complete foundry alloy to the coercitive infringement of magnetic.
Above-mentioned magnetic preparation technology, the effect of step 4) are that nitrogen-atoms enters Th2Zn17Or Th2Ni17Type principal phase, promotes Th2Zn17Or Th2Ni17Type Sm-Fe based compounds become easy c-axis magnetization from the magnetization of easy basal plane;Nitridation is being provided with agitating device Rotating furnace body in carry out.
Above-mentioned magnetic preparation technology, in step 4) after magnetic via nitride, magnetic is by Sm2Fe17Nx(abbreviation samarium iron nitrogen), composition For M2 and R crystal boundary phase composition.
Above-mentioned magnetic preparation technology, the effect of step 5) are further broken magnetics, form single crystal grain, turn into magnetic respectively to The samarium iron nitrogen magnetic of the opposite sex.The principal phase of this magnetic has that microstructural flaws are less, there is Grain-Boundary Phase cladding on surface, thus had Excellent magnetic property and good inoxidizability and corrosion resistance.
The distinguishing feature of the present invention is that the foundry alloy composition for preparing samarium iron nitrogen magnetic is easily formed born of the same parents' shape group Knit --- low melting point Grain-Boundary Phase, which is wrapped in, provides the 2 of magnetic:17 type principal phases.In Nd-Fe-B base permanent magnetism, it is distributed in crystal boundary The rich neodymium of low melting point has the function that very crucial relative to the technology magnetic property of magnet:Rich neodymium can mutually make the side of main phase grain Boundary is smooth, clearly reduces stray magnetic field, removes the reversely farmland forming core point such as borderline α-Fe, improves the forming core field of magnet.Therefore, The rich neodymium for being distributed in neodymium iron boron crystal boundary mutually rises on the superior intrinsic magnetic properties energy of neodymium iron boron principal phase performance, the coercivity for ensureing magnet The effect of key.However, in the preparation of Sm-Fe-N base permanent magnetism, if adding excessive Sm, the SmFe of formation in dispensing2、 SmFe3The mutually easily decomposes precipitation α-Fe in nitridation, the serious coercivity for damaging magnetic;If Sm adds deficiency, directly formed α-Fe.Because Sm is very easy to volatilization, it is difficult to be precisely controlled to during master alloy melting point, therefore, although Sm2Fe17N3 With very superior intrinsic magnetic properties energy, but delay to mass produce.
In the present invention, the composition of foundry alloy is easily formed cellular structure --- the 2 of magnetic are provided:17 type principal phases are by R, M2 The low melting point of element composition is mutually wrapped in.This Grain-Boundary Phase has the function that, similar to rich neodymium phase in neodymium iron boron, conjunction can be accommodated Excessive rare earth element in gold and be unlikely to form SmFe2、SmFe3Phase, while contribute to 2 again:17 type main phase grains, which eliminate, to be lacked Fall into, reduce reverse farmland forming core point and uncoupling effect.
Help to be formed main phase grain size uniform using rapid hardening slab technology, the group of Grain-Boundary Phase is distributed with around crystal grain Knit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the SEM back scattering microscopic images of rapid hardening slab, the white Grain-Boundary Phase being made up of M2-R elements, is distributed in On the principal phase crystal boundary of black.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The rare-earth Sm for being 99.9% with purity, pure iron, pure Cu are raw material, according to following 5 kinds of chemical formula dispensings:(1) Sm10.53Fe89.47, (2) Sm11.32Fe87.28Al0.40Cu1.00, (3) Sm13.68Fe81.92Al0.40Cu4.00, (4) Sm15.26Fe7834Al0.40Cu6.00, (5) Sm18.42Fe71.18Al0.40Cu10.00;Because Sm is readily volatilized, on the basis of amount of calculation Add 10% as compensation.The rare-earth Sm prepared, pure iron, pure Cu raw materials are put into induction melting furnace, fire door is closed, is evacuated to 0.01Pa, applying argon gas are into body of heater to 0.9atm;Melted completely uniformly using sensing heating alloy to raw material, at this time melt Temperature is about 1550 DEG C, and alloy pig is poured into water cooled copper mould;Alloy pig is broken into granularity about 10mm fritter, puts 20g conjunctions In quartz ampoule, quartzy bottom of the tube is provided with directly for 0.8mm osculum ingot, under argon gas protection, is prepared with 2m/s roller speed Rapid hardening slab;Slab is placed in corundum crucible, air cooling after 1-2 hour heat treatments is carried out under 750 DEG C, argon gas protection, will be cast Piece is broken into 100-300 μm of particle;Magnetic 10 hours is nitrogenized at 450 DEG C using high pure nitrogen, by gas-solid reaction by principal phase It is nitrided into Sm2Fe17Nx;Nitride is become anisotropic magnet powder after ball mill crushing is 2-5 microns into granularity again, through magnetic field After orientation, the magnetic property of magnetic is as follows:
Magnetic property after each composition foundry alloy nitridation of table 1.
Foundry alloy composition Br(T) Hcj(kA/m) (BH)max(kJ/m3) Tc(K)
Sm10.53Fe89.47 1.1 543 147 743
Sm11.32Fe87.28Al0.40Cu1.00 1.38 1173 367 743
Sm13.68Fe81.92Al0.40Cu4.00 1.34 1696 349 743
Sm15.26Fe7834Al0.40Cu6.00 1.26 1860 305 743
Sm18.42Fe71.18Al0.40Cu10.00 1.16 2024 244 743
Embodiment 2
The rare-earth Sm for being 99.9% with purity, pure iron, pure Zn are raw material, according to according to following 5 kinds of chemical formula dispensings:(1) Sm11.32Fe87.28Al0.40Zn1.00, (2) Sm13.68Fe81.92Al0.40Zn4.00, (3) Sm15.26Fe7834Al0.40Zn6.00, (4) Sm18.42Fe71.18Al0.40Zn10.00;Because Sm is readily volatilized, add 10% on the basis of amount of calculation as compensation.It will prepare Rare-earth Sm, pure iron, pure Zn raw materials be put into induction melting furnace, close fire door, be evacuated to 0.01Pa, applying argon gas into body of heater extremely 0.9atm;Melted completely uniformly using sensing heating alloy to raw material, at this time the temperature of melt is about 1550 DEG C, uses water-cooled copper Mould pours into alloy pig;Alloy pig is broken into granularity about 10mm fritter, puts 20g alloy pigs in quartz ampoule, quartz ampoule bottom Portion is provided with directly for 0.8mm osculum, and under argon gas protection, rapid hardening slab is prepared with 2m/s roller speed;Slab is placed in corundum In crucible, air cooling after 1-2 hour heat treatments is carried out under 900 DEG C, argon gas protection, slab is broken into 100-300 μm of particle; Magnetic is nitrogenized at 450 DEG C 10 hours, principal phase is nitrided into by Sm by gas-solid reaction using high pure nitrogen2Fe17Nx;Nitride Anisotropic magnet powder is become after ball mill crushing is 2-5 microns into granularity again, after magnetic field orientating, the magnetic property of magnetic is such as Under:
Magnetic property after each composition foundry alloy nitridation of table 2.
Foundry alloy composition Br(T) Hcj(kA/m) (BH)max(kJ/m3) Tc(K)
Sm11.32Fe87.28Al0.40Zn1.00 1.36 1103 361 743
Sm13.68Fe81.92Al0.40Zn4.00 1.35 1586 339 743
Sm15.26Fe7834Al0.40Zn6.00 1.22 1720 315 743
Sm18.42Fe71.18Al0.40Zn10.00 1.09 1934 242 743
Sm10.68Nd3Fe81.92Al0.40Zn4.00 1.38 1447 358 737

Claims (1)

1. a kind of samarium iron nitrogen base anisotropy rare earth permanent magnet powder, it is characterised in that samarium iron nitrogen magnetic is with represented by atomic percent Constituent is:
RxT100-x-y-zM1yM2zNv
In formula, R is rare earth element Sm or Sm and other rare earth elements combination, 5≤x≤20;T is iron either iron and cobalt; M1 is at least one of Si, Al, Ni, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo, W element, 0.1≤y≤10;M2 be in Cu, Zn extremely A kind of few element, 0.1≤z≤10;0.5≤v≤20;
The samarium iron nitrogen magnetic is nitrogenized to obtain by foundry alloy magnetic, and for foundry alloy by two class phase compositions, one kind is by R, T and M1 group Into, there is Th2Zn17Or Th2Ni17The principal phase of type structure, its composed atom account for the 80-99% of foundry alloy;It is another kind of be by R and The Grain-Boundary Phase of M2 compositions, its composed atom account for the 1-20% of foundry alloy;
M1 atomic percent will be controlled within 10at%;M2 ratio is 1-10at.%;
Fe need to account for more than 70at.% in T;
Preparation technology comprises the following steps:
1) using metallic element R, T, M1, M2 as raw material, induction melting is carried out under argon gas protection, melt operating speed is 1- 10m/s water-cooled copper roller casts thin slice, i.e. rapid hardening ingot casting;
2) heat treatment of 0-2 hours is carried out under argon gas protection at 600-1000 DEG C to slab;
3) slab is carried out tentatively being broken into the powder that granularity is 50-2000 microns;
4) under 350-550 DEG C of high pure nitrogen is nitrogenized to tentatively broken magnetic 2-20 hours;
5) single crystal grain that granularity is 1-10 μm is further broken up into nitridation magnetic using ball mill;
When the rapid hardening ingot casting technology of step 1) prepares slab, the linear resonance surface velocity scope of copper roller is 1-5m/s, institute's cast alloy scale For thickness between 100 μm -500 μm, its microscopic structure has following characteristics:The principal phase being made up of R, T, M1 element has Th2Zn17 Or Th2Ni17Type structure, crystallite dimension are 2-50 μm;The Grain-Boundary Phase fusing point being made up of M2 and R element is less than 1000 DEG C, uniformly Principal phase grain boundaries are distributed in, thickness is 1nm-5 μm.
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