CN105355192A - Ball mill acoustic hood noise control method - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
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- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
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Abstract
一种球磨机隔声罩噪声控制方法，涉及一种噪声控制方法，所述方法以球磨机的电机和减速机为对象，对球磨机噪声特性分析，采用ANASYS有限元软件建立隔声罩有限元模型，分析采用宽频带复合式吸声结构的隔声罩降噪，在球磨机电机上安装封闭式隔声罩，对隔声罩的外形进行优化，在安装隔声罩时，要求隔声罩内壁与电机之间留有一段距离，降低产生耦合共振的可能性，然后在隔声罩与电机以及电机底座三者之间进行隔振处理，把刚性连接变成弹性连接，再对隔声罩有限元分析计算，达到对球磨机房噪声治理。改进的宽频带复合式吸声结构制造球磨机隔声罩，隔声效果显著，提高了隔声罩的降噪性能。A noise control method for a sound insulation cover of a ball mill, relating to a noise control method, the method takes the motor and the reducer of the ball mill as objects, analyzes the noise characteristics of the ball mill, and uses ANASYS finite element software to establish a finite element model of the sound insulation cover, and analyzes The sound insulation cover with broadband composite sound absorption structure is used for noise reduction, and a closed sound insulation cover is installed on the motor of the ball mill to optimize the shape of the sound insulation cover. When installing the sound insulation cover, it is required that the inner wall of the sound insulation cover and the motor Leave a distance between them to reduce the possibility of coupling resonance, and then carry out vibration isolation treatment between the sound insulation cover and the motor and the motor base to change the rigid connection into an elastic connection, and then analyze and calculate the sound insulation cover by finite element , to achieve the noise control of the ball mill room. The improved broadband composite sound-absorbing structure is used to manufacture the sound insulation cover of the ball mill, which has a remarkable sound insulation effect and improves the noise reduction performance of the sound insulation cover.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种机械噪声控制方法，特别是涉及一种球磨机隔声罩噪声控制方法。 The invention relates to a method for controlling mechanical noise, in particular to a method for controlling noise of a ball mill sound insulation cover.
背景技术 Background technique
球磨机是国内外工业生产中广泛使用的高细磨机械设备，球磨机应用范围很广，被广泛用于选矿，水泥建材以及化工等行业，但球磨机在工作过程中会产生极大的噪声，对其附近的人员危害极大；当球磨机筒体裸露时，噪声值可以高达110dB(A)以上，是当今世界各个工业生产中机械设备产生所产生噪声污染最严重的噪声源之一。因此，球磨机的噪声治理成为国内外学者广泛关注的课题之一，同时在噪声治理方面已经获得了一定的效果。但是目前应用球磨煤机隔声罩的材料比较单一，结构也比较简单，通常是以沥青基和橡胶等材料作为阻尼减振材料，以石棉绒和玻璃棉等多孔性吸声材料作为主体吸声材料，因此，球磨机的噪声治理效果有所突破比较困难。 Ball mill is a high-fine grinding mechanical equipment widely used in industrial production at home and abroad. The ball mill has a wide range of applications and is widely used in ore dressing, cement building materials and chemical industries. However, the ball mill will produce a lot of noise during the work process. People nearby are very harmful; when the barrel of the ball mill is exposed, the noise value can be as high as 110dB(A), which is one of the most serious noise sources of noise pollution generated by mechanical equipment in various industrial productions in the world today. Therefore, the noise control of ball mills has become one of the topics that scholars at home and abroad have paid close attention to, and at the same time, certain effects have been obtained in noise control. However, at present, the material of the sound insulation cover of the ball mill is relatively simple, and the structure is relatively simple. Usually, materials such as asphalt base and rubber are used as damping and vibration-absorbing materials, and porous sound-absorbing materials such as asbestos wool and glass wool are used as the main sound-absorbing materials. Therefore, it is difficult to make a breakthrough in the noise control effect of the ball mill.
宽频带复合式吸声结构是由穿孔护面板、吸声材料及空腔构成的，该结构吸声频率范围广，包括中高频和低频噪声，降噪效果明显[1]，其中，空气层和穿孔板结构主要提高对低频噪声的吸声性能，吸声材料主要吸收中高频的噪声。其中利用空气层提高吸声材料的吸声系数，利用吸声材料吸收声波的能量，另外还利用穿孔板的共振结构提高吸收性能。因此把宽频带复合式吸声结构引入到球磨机隔声罩中，可以使球磨机噪声治理产生突破性进展。 The broadband composite sound-absorbing structure is composed of perforated panels, sound-absorbing materials and cavities. The structure has a wide range of sound-absorbing frequencies, including medium-high-frequency and low-frequency noise, and the noise reduction effect is obvious [1] . Among them, the air layer and The perforated plate structure mainly improves the sound absorption performance of low-frequency noise, and the sound-absorbing material mainly absorbs mid-high frequency noise. The air layer is used to increase the sound absorption coefficient of the sound-absorbing material, the sound-absorbing material is used to absorb the energy of sound waves, and the resonance structure of the perforated plate is used to improve the absorption performance. Therefore, the introduction of broadband composite sound-absorbing structure into the sound insulation cover of the ball mill can make a breakthrough in the noise control of the ball mill.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种球磨机隔声罩噪声控制方法，该方法改进了宽频带复合式吸声结构的隔声罩，降噪效果明显，满足了工程技术要求，为解决实际问题提供了参考依据，为其它球磨机的噪声处理提供了参考。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a noise control method for ball mill sound insulation cover, which improves the sound insulation cover of broadband composite sound absorption structure, has obvious noise reduction effect, meets engineering technical requirements, and provides reference for solving practical problems The basis provides a reference for the noise treatment of other ball mills.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的： The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种球磨机隔声罩噪声控制方法，所述方法以球磨机的电机和减速机为对象，对球磨机噪声特性分析，采用ANASYS有限元软件建立隔声罩有限元模型，分析采用宽频带复合式吸声结构的隔声罩降噪，根据所测噪声信号，对其频谱进行分析，判断产生噪声的主要频率；在球磨机电机上安装封闭式隔声罩，隔声罩壁体材料采用吸隔组合式结构，其中隔声罩内部的吸声体是采用宽频复合式吸声板结构；其中隔声壁体则采用阻尼材料制作的阻尼隔声板；其次，对隔声罩的外形进行优化，在安装隔声罩时，要求隔声罩内壁与电机之间留有一段距离，降低产生耦合共振的可能性，然后在隔声罩与电机以及电机底座三者之间进行隔振处理，把刚性连接变成弹性连接，再对隔声罩有限元分析计算，达到对球磨机房噪声治理。 A noise control method for a sound insulation cover of a ball mill. The method takes the motor and reducer of the ball mill as objects, analyzes the noise characteristics of the ball mill, uses ANASYS finite element software to establish a finite element model of the sound insulation cover, and uses broadband composite sound absorption for analysis. The sound insulation cover of the structure is used for noise reduction. According to the measured noise signal, its spectrum is analyzed to determine the main frequency of the noise; a closed sound insulation cover is installed on the ball mill motor, and the wall material of the sound insulation cover adopts a combined structure of suction and separation , where the sound-absorbing body inside the sound-insulating enclosure is a broadband composite sound-absorbing panel structure; the sound-insulating wall is made of damping sound-insulating panels made of damping materials; secondly, the shape of the sound-insulating enclosure is optimized, and the For the sound enclosure, it is required to leave a certain distance between the inner wall of the sound insulation enclosure and the motor to reduce the possibility of coupling resonance, and then carry out vibration isolation treatment between the sound insulation enclosure, the motor and the motor base, and turn the rigid connection into Elastic connection, and then the finite element analysis and calculation of the sound insulation cover can achieve the noise control of the ball mill room.
本发明的优点与效果是： Advantage and effect of the present invention are:
1.本发明以球磨机的电机和减速机为研究对象，在对球磨机噪声特性分析后，提出了在电机外安装隔声罩为主要降噪手段的降噪方案，采用ANASYS有限元软件建立隔声罩有限元模型，分析了采用宽频带复合式吸声结构的隔声罩的降噪效果，指出了该结构的隔声罩某些区域降噪效果的不足。通过提出一种改进的宽频带复合式吸声结构的隔声罩，降噪效果改善明显，满足了工程技术要求，为解决实际问题提供了一定的参考依据。 1. The present invention takes the motor and reducer of the ball mill as the research object. After analyzing the noise characteristics of the ball mill, it proposes a noise reduction scheme in which a sound insulation cover is installed outside the motor as the main noise reduction means, and the sound insulation is established by using ANASYS finite element software. Based on the finite element model of the hood, the noise reduction effect of the sound insulation hood with broadband compound sound absorption structure is analyzed, and the lack of noise reduction effect in some areas of the sound insulation hood with this structure is pointed out. By proposing an improved broadband composite sound-absorbing structure sound insulation cover, the noise reduction effect is significantly improved, which meets the engineering technical requirements and provides a certain reference for solving practical problems.
2.本发明采用理论计算，仿真分析和工程实践相结合的方法对改进的宽频带复合式结构隔声罩降噪性能进行研究，实践结果表明，通过改进设计，隔声效果提高显著，同时满足技术要求，为研究隔声罩降噪性能提供了参考依据。为其它球磨机的噪声处理提供了参考。特别适合于汽轮机、风力机、鼓风机等大型设备噪声的治理，可大大降低设备的噪声，经济效益明显。 2. The present invention uses theoretical calculation, simulation analysis and engineering practice to study the noise reduction performance of the improved broadband composite structure sound insulation cover. The practice results show that the sound insulation effect is significantly improved by improving the design, while meeting the requirements of The technical requirements provide a reference for studying the noise reduction performance of the sound insulation enclosure. It provides a reference for the noise treatment of other ball mills. It is especially suitable for controlling the noise of large-scale equipment such as steam turbines, wind turbines, and blowers. It can greatly reduce the noise of equipment, and has obvious economic benefits.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1球磨机电机隔声罩壁体结构示意图； Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the wall structure of the ball mill motor sound insulation cover;
图2球磨机电机隔声罩吸声壁体吸声特性曲线； Fig. 2 The sound absorption characteristic curve of the sound-absorbing wall of the ball mill motor sound insulation cover;
图3隔声罩有限元网格模型； Figure 3 The finite element mesh model of the sound insulation enclosure;
图4隔声罩的云纹图； Figure 4 Moiré diagram of the sound insulation cover;
图5改进后的宽频带吸声结构； The improved broadband sound-absorbing structure in Fig. 5;
图6改进设计后的隔声罩云纹图； Figure 6: Moiré diagram of the sound insulation cover after the improved design;
图7隔声罩效果图； Figure 7 Effect drawing of sound insulation cover;
图8改进前噪声频谱图； Figure 8 Noise spectrum diagram before improvement;
图9改进后罩内噪声频谱图。 Figure 9 shows the noise spectrum in the improved back cover.
具体实施方式 detailed description
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。 The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with examples.
本发明以球磨机的电机和减速机为研究对象，在对球磨机噪声特性分析后，提出了在电机外安装隔声罩为主要降噪手段的降噪方案，采用ANASYS有限元软件建立隔声罩有限元模型，分析了采用宽频带复合式吸声结构的隔声罩的降噪效果，指出了该结构的隔声罩某些区域降噪效果的不足。根据所测噪声信号，对其频谱进行分析，判断产生噪声的主要频率。 The present invention takes the motor and reducer of the ball mill as the research object. After analyzing the noise characteristics of the ball mill, it proposes a noise reduction scheme in which a sound insulation cover is installed outside the motor as the main noise reduction means. Based on the meta-model, the noise-reducing effect of the sound-insulation enclosure adopting broadband composite sound-absorbing structure is analyzed, and the deficiency of the noise-reduction effect in some areas of the sound-insulation enclosure with this structure is pointed out. According to the measured noise signal, its frequency spectrum is analyzed to determine the main frequency of the noise.
1隔声罩设计：经过对球磨机现场的实际测试和分析可知，造成球磨机周边环境噪声污染的主要因素来源于球磨机电机，因此工作组需要采用隔声罩的方法球磨机噪声进行治理，主要在球磨机电机上安装封闭式隔声罩，该方法能够有效噪声源传播以，减少噪声辐射。电机功率800KW，转速3000r/min。 1 Design of sound insulation cover: After the actual test and analysis on the ball mill site, it can be known that the main factor causing the environmental noise pollution around the ball mill comes from the ball mill motor, so the working group needs to use the method of sound insulation cover to control the noise of the ball mill, mainly in the ball mill motor Install a closed sound insulation cover on the top, this method can effectively spread the noise source and reduce the noise radiation. Motor power 800KW, speed 3000r/min.
具体采取以下措施：首先，在球磨机电机上安装封闭式隔声罩，隔声罩壁体材料是采用吸隔组合式结构，球磨机隔声罩壁体结构示意图如图1所示。其中隔声罩内部的吸声体是采用宽频复合式吸声板结构；其中隔声壁体则采用阻尼材料制作的阻尼隔声板。采用此结构不仅能够有效降低隔声罩罩外噪声能量传播，罩内的噪声污染也能得到有效的控制，电机的运行条件和使用寿命在不同程度的增加。 Specifically, the following measures are taken: First, a closed sound insulation cover is installed on the ball mill motor. The wall material of the sound insulation cover is a combined structure of suction and insulation. The sound-absorbing body inside the sound-proof enclosure adopts a broadband composite sound-absorbing panel structure; the sound-insulating wall body adopts a damping sound-insulating panel made of damping material. Adopting this structure can not only effectively reduce the transmission of noise energy outside the sound insulation cover, but also effectively control the noise pollution inside the cover, and the operating conditions and service life of the motor are increased to varying degrees.
其次，对隔声罩的外形进行优化，在安装隔声罩时，要求隔声罩内壁与电机之间留有一段距离，降低产生耦合共振的可能性，从而影响隔声效果，然后在隔声罩与电机以及电机底座三者之间进行隔振处理，把刚性连接变成弹性连接，降低低频噪声。但是隔声罩的安装应该考虑到球磨机电机工作时候的通风散热问题，因此在隔声罩上安装片式消声百叶来解决通风散热问题。最后，通过隔声量公式来计算隔声罩的声级隔声量和频带隔声量以及插入损失等参数。 Secondly, optimize the shape of the sound insulation cover. When installing the sound insulation cover, it is required to leave a distance between the inner wall of the sound insulation cover and the motor to reduce the possibility of coupling resonance, which will affect the sound insulation effect. The vibration isolation treatment is carried out between the cover, the motor and the motor base, and the rigid connection is changed into an elastic connection to reduce low-frequency noise. However, the installation of the sound insulation cover should take into account the ventilation and heat dissipation problem when the ball mill motor is working, so the sheet type noise reduction louvers are installed on the sound insulation cover to solve the ventilation and heat dissipation problem. Finally, parameters such as the sound level and frequency band sound insulation and insertion loss of the sound insulation enclosure are calculated through the sound insulation formula.
对于单层均质板材，隔声量经验公式： For single-layer homogeneous panels, the empirical formula for sound insulation is:
R=16lgM+14lgf-29 R=16lgM+14lgf-29
式中R—隔声量； In the formula, R—sound insulation;
M—板的面密度（kg/m2） M—areal density of the board (kg/m 2 )
f—入射声波的频率（Hz） f—the frequency of the incident sound wave (Hz)
选用1mm厚钢板，计算其倍频带隔声量，计算结果如表1所示，图2为吸声壁体的吸声特性曲线。 Select 1mm thick steel plate to calculate its octave band sound insulation. The calculation results are shown in Table 1. Figure 2 is the sound absorption characteristic curve of the sound-absorbing wall.
表1球磨机电机隔声罩频带隔声量 Table 1 Sound insulation of ball mill motor sound insulation cover frequency band
2隔声罩有限元计算 2 Finite element calculation of sound insulation enclosure
通过以上的分析计算，可以计算出隔声罩的隔声量。但是该隔声量是在没有外界干扰的条件下的理想值。该理想值与工程实践所需的降噪量有一定的差距。同时考虑工程实际存在的噪声混响影响和二次噪声等因素，简单对两部电机安装隔声罩后的隔声量，有可能满足不了降噪要求，因此需要对隔声罩进行有限元分析，使其发挥更佳的性能。 Through the above analysis and calculation, the sound insulation of the sound insulation enclosure can be calculated. However, the sound insulation is an ideal value under the condition that there is no external interference. There is a certain gap between this ideal value and the amount of noise reduction required by engineering practice. At the same time, considering the influence of noise reverberation and secondary noise and other factors actually existing in the project, the sound insulation of the two motors after installing the sound insulation cover may not meet the noise reduction requirements, so the finite element analysis of the sound insulation cover is required. make it perform better.
2.1有限元分析 2.1 Finite element analysis
隔声罩壳体为钢板，建立壳体厚度为0.01m，阻尼均为0.01的隔声罩有限元模型，通过分析求解。下面利用有限元分析软件ANASYS分析两种结构隔声罩的降噪性能，通过云图的颜色变化来表示隔声罩的降噪效果，建立隔声罩的有限元模型如图3所示。 The shell of the sound insulation cover is made of steel plate, and the finite element model of the sound insulation cover with the thickness of the shell of 0.01m and the damping of 0.01 is established and solved through analysis. Next, the finite element analysis software ANASYS is used to analyze the noise reduction performance of the two structural sound insulation enclosures, and the noise reduction effect of the sound insulation enclosure is represented by the color change of the cloud image. The finite element model of the sound insulation enclosure is established as shown in Figure 3.
图4是使用安装具有专利技术(专利号：ZL200520092542.2)的宽频带吸声结构制造的隔声罩的云图和隔声罩的响应函数。 Fig. 4 is the cloud image and the response function of the sound insulation enclosure manufactured by installing a broadband sound absorption structure with patented technology (patent number: ZL200520092542.2).
从图4中隔声罩的外部的颜色可知，隔声罩罩体云图的颜色从罩顶到底部，由蓝色逐渐变为红色，通过图4中对应的图标值可知，蓝色表示声压值比较小，隔声效果良好；红色表示声压值比较大，隔声效果不佳，图4中上部分，是蓝色，表示该隔声罩的声压较小，侧面的颜色从蓝色变成红色，表示辐射的噪声在不断的增加，隔声效果降噪效果越来越越差。 It can be seen from the external color of the sound insulation enclosure in Figure 4 that the color of the cloud image of the sound insulation enclosure gradually changes from blue to red from the top to the bottom of the enclosure. It can be seen from the corresponding icon values in Figure 4 that blue represents the sound pressure The value is relatively small, and the sound insulation effect is good; the red color indicates that the sound pressure value is relatively large, and the sound insulation effect is not good. It turns red, indicating that the radiated noise is constantly increasing, and the sound insulation effect and noise reduction effect are getting worse and worse.
2.2改进后的隔声罩 2.2 Improved sound insulation cover
因为电机产生的噪声混响非常复杂，仅仅采用宽频带吸声结构是不能满足工程降噪的需要。必须把阻尼材料安装在宽频带吸声材料的外面，组合成复合式的隔声板，如图5所示改进后的宽频带吸声结构，在宽频带吸声结构的外层安装一层阻尼材料，降噪效果改善明显，主要是通过阻尼材料与宽频带吸声结构之间以及阻尼材料内部细微摩擦，将部分损耗的能量转化成热能，可以降低噪声传播。 Because the noise reverberation generated by the motor is very complex, only using a broadband sound-absorbing structure cannot meet the needs of engineering noise reduction. The damping material must be installed on the outside of the broadband sound-absorbing material to form a composite sound insulation board. The improved broadband sound-absorbing structure is shown in Figure 5, and a layer of damping is installed on the outer layer of the broadband sound-absorbing structure. Materials, the noise reduction effect is significantly improved, mainly through the subtle friction between the damping material and the broadband sound-absorbing structure and inside the damping material, part of the lost energy is converted into heat energy, which can reduce noise transmission.
图6为使用改进的宽频带复合式吸声结构的隔声罩的仿真云图，该隔声罩罩体云图的颜色从罩顶到底部，基本都是蓝色区域，通过图6中对应的图标值可知，声压值较小，隔声效果良好，通过与图4仿真云图的对比，改进的宽频带复合式吸声结构隔声罩的隔声效果更加明显，说明该技术措施有效，可以实施。 Figure 6 is the simulation cloud image of the sound insulation cover using the improved broadband composite sound-absorbing structure. The color of the sound insulation cover body cloud image is basically the blue area from the top to the bottom of the cover, through the corresponding icon in Figure 6 It can be seen that the sound pressure value is small and the sound insulation effect is good. By comparing with the simulation cloud image in Figure 4, the sound insulation effect of the improved broadband composite sound-absorbing structure sound insulation cover is more obvious, indicating that this technical measure is effective and can be implemented .
3球磨机房的噪声治理 3 Noise control of ball mill room
为进一步证明改进的宽频带复合式吸声结构隔声罩的可行性和优越性，对某厂球磨机房进行噪声治理。考虑到在不影响球磨机正常运行、通风散热和维修保养的条件下，在球磨机电机上安装改进的宽频带复合式吸声结构的隔声罩，隔声罩壁体材料是采用吸隔组合式结构，在隔声罩上安装片式消声百叶来进行噪声治理。如图7所示。对改进前和改进后的罩内噪声测试，得到频谱图如图8和图9所示。实测结果表明，采用改进的宽频带复合式吸声结构隔声罩降噪效果明显，要比采用普通的宽频带复合式吸声结构隔声罩的隔声量降低了8dB（A），符合国家环保标准，达到了良好的降噪效果。 In order to further prove the feasibility and superiority of the improved wide-band composite sound-absorbing structure sound insulation cover, the noise control of a ball mill room in a certain factory was carried out. Considering that without affecting the normal operation, ventilation, heat dissipation and maintenance of the ball mill, an improved wide-band composite sound-absorbing structure sound insulation cover is installed on the ball mill motor. , Install sheet-type noise-absorbing louvers on the sound insulation cover for noise control. As shown in Figure 7. Figure 8 and Figure 9 show the frequency spectrum obtained from the noise test in the hood before and after improvement. The actual measurement results show that the noise reduction effect of the improved broadband composite sound-absorbing structure sound insulation cover is obvious, and the sound insulation of the ordinary broadband composite sound-absorbing structure sound insulation cover is reduced by 8dB (A), which is in line with the national environmental protection Standard, achieved a good noise reduction effect.
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