CN105354625A - 一种森林最优择伐模型的方法 - Google Patents

一种森林最优择伐模型的方法 Download PDF

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CN105354625A
CN105354625A CN201510653764.5A CN201510653764A CN105354625A CN 105354625 A CN105354625 A CN 105354625A CN 201510653764 A CN201510653764 A CN 201510653764A CN 105354625 A CN105354625 A CN 105354625A
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selective cutting
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CN105354625B (zh
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冯仲科
于东海
邱梓轩
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Beijing Forestry University
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Abstract

一种森林最优择伐模型的方法,其特征在于:在成熟林中合理确定采伐木,以便保证择伐后的林分具有良好的生态环境,以利于保留木的生长;同时,使择伐林木根据市场条件实现最优化的造材;首先计算林分中某一树种的年度生长量,然后建立最优择伐模型的目标函数,根据林分的可持续经营目标来设置两个约束条件:(1)择伐量不宜超过年度生长量,(2)所选取的择伐木生长率最小;由此确定出最优择伐木。

Description

一种森林最优择伐模型的方法
一、技术领域
该方法属于森林经营的定量模拟研究。
二、技术背景
林分最优化择伐的实质是合理确定采伐木,以便在获取木材并保持非空间结构的同时,导向理想的空间结构;同时,使择伐林木根据市场条件实现最优化的造材。由于林分空间结构的各个方面既相互依赖又可能相互排斥,要求各子目标同时达到最优是困难的,因此多目标规划可取得林分空间结构整体最优。
三、发明内容
一种森林最优择伐模型的方法:确定某一树种的林分蓄积量的数学模型①为:式中,nij为林分i树种中的j径阶的密度、dij为此i树种中第j棵的胸径、ai,bi为方程系数;因此,可以得出确定树木年度生长量的数学模型②为: Δ M = M t + 1 - M t - = Σ j = 1 n n i j a i d i j b i - 1 Δd i j , 式中,△dij为胸径的增长量;
要建立森林最优择伐模型,首先要建立目标函数,使得择伐木数目最少,即满足数学模型③:式中,为所选取的最优择伐木;然后根据林分的可持续经营目标来设置约束条件,一般有两个约束条件:(1)择伐量△V不宜超过年度生长量△M,要求△V≤△M,即满足数学模型④:(2)所选取的择伐木生长率最小,使其满足数学模型⑤:根据树木生长方程推导得到计算树木胸径增长量的数学模型⑥:式中t为树木年龄;
当同时满足约束条件1)和约束条件2)时,根据目标函数,可确定所要择伐林分中哪类树种哪种径阶的树木作为最优择伐木,即
本方法的优点在于:利用最优择伐模型,可以对成熟林进行合理的经营,使得择伐后的林分具有良好的空间结构。
四、附图说明:
五、具体实施方式:
1、先根据数学模型①,确定某一树种的林分蓄积量;
2、再根据数学模型②,确定树木的年度生长量;
3、建立最优择伐的目标函数,使得择伐木数目最少;
4、根据林分的可持续经营目标来设置两个约束条件;
5、定所要择伐林分中哪类树种哪种径阶的树木作为最优择伐木。

Claims (1)

1.一种森林最优择伐模型的方法,其特征在于:在成熟混交异龄林中合理确定采伐木,以便保证择伐后的林分具有良好的结构,以利于保留木的生长;同时,使择伐林木根据市场条件实现最优化的造材;
确定某一树种的林分蓄积量的数学模型①为:式中,nij为林分i树种中的j径阶的密度、dij为此i树种中第j棵的胸径、ai,bi为方程系数;因此,可以得出确定树木年度生长量的数学模型②为: Δ M = M t + 1 - M t = Σ j = 1 n n i j a i d i j b i - 1 Δd i j , 式中,Δdij为胸径的增长量;
要建立森林最优择伐模型,首先要建立目标函数,使得择伐木数目最少,即满足数学模型③:式中,为所选取的最优择伐木;然后根据林分的可持续经营目标来设置约束条件,一般有两个约束条件:
1)择伐量ΔV不宜超过年度生长量ΔM,要求ΔV≤ΔM,即满足数学模型④: Σ ( n i j - n i j 0 ) a i d i j b i ≤ Δ M ;
2)所选取的择伐木生长率最小,使其满足数学模型⑤:根据树木生长方程推导得到计算树木胸径增长量的数学模型⑥: Δd i j = d i j ( e t t + 1 - 1 ) , 式中t为树木年龄;
当同时满足约束条件1)和约束条件2)时,根据目标函数,可确定所要择伐林分中哪类树种哪种径阶的树木作为最优择伐木,即
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106416923A (zh) * 2016-09-22 2017-02-22 中南林业科技大学 一种基于较好立地青冈栎阔叶混交林的采伐方法
CN110414752A (zh) * 2018-04-26 2019-11-05 北京林业大学 一种天然成过熟林无人机协同树种生长模型最佳择伐方法
CN110782089A (zh) * 2019-10-25 2020-02-11 中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所 一种森林间伐方法及系统
CN111226733A (zh) * 2020-03-03 2020-06-05 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 松树脂材两用林可持续经营方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104112161A (zh) * 2014-03-04 2014-10-22 北京林业大学 一种基于电子测树枪的林分择伐量的优化计算方法
CN104792319A (zh) * 2015-02-05 2015-07-22 北京林业大学 一种林分精准择伐目标树的选择技术
CN104834964A (zh) * 2015-02-05 2015-08-12 北京林业大学 一种森林择伐最优造材方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104112161A (zh) * 2014-03-04 2014-10-22 北京林业大学 一种基于电子测树枪的林分择伐量的优化计算方法
CN104792319A (zh) * 2015-02-05 2015-07-22 北京林业大学 一种林分精准择伐目标树的选择技术
CN104834964A (zh) * 2015-02-05 2015-08-12 北京林业大学 一种森林择伐最优造材方法

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106416923A (zh) * 2016-09-22 2017-02-22 中南林业科技大学 一种基于较好立地青冈栎阔叶混交林的采伐方法
CN110414752A (zh) * 2018-04-26 2019-11-05 北京林业大学 一种天然成过熟林无人机协同树种生长模型最佳择伐方法
CN110782089A (zh) * 2019-10-25 2020-02-11 中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所 一种森林间伐方法及系统
CN110782089B (zh) * 2019-10-25 2022-06-07 中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所 一种森林间伐方法及系统
CN111226733A (zh) * 2020-03-03 2020-06-05 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 松树脂材两用林可持续经营方法

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