CN105352558A - Underground optical fiber vortex-shedding flowmeter and underground flow measuring method - Google Patents
Underground optical fiber vortex-shedding flowmeter and underground flow measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105352558A CN105352558A CN201510696328.6A CN201510696328A CN105352558A CN 105352558 A CN105352558 A CN 105352558A CN 201510696328 A CN201510696328 A CN 201510696328A CN 105352558 A CN105352558 A CN 105352558A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
- G01F1/32—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an underground optical fiber vortex-shedding flowmeter and an underground flow measuring method, and aims to solve the problems, of low measuring precision and poor stability, caused by situations that optical fibers are influenced by fluid corrosion and that measuring elements influence a flow field and flow inside a pipeline in a conventional flowmeter, and the problem that the conventional optical fiber flowmeter is complex in structure and cannot be used in high-temperature, high-voltage and high-erosion environments. An upper joint, a central tube and a lower joint are connected from top to bottom in turn, a housing sleeves an outer side wall of the central tube, a vortex shedder is arranged inside the central tube, a through hole is formed in the middle part of the outer side wall of the central tube, a probe is installed inside the through hole through a pressing plate, a central shaft is inserted inside the probe, a fiber bragg grating is arranged inside the central shaft, and one end of an armored cable is connected with the fiber bragg grating while the other end of the armored cable is connected with a fiber bragg grating demodulation instrument. The underground optical fiber vortex-shedding flowmeter is applied to the oil field equipment field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Optical Fiber Vortex-Shedding Flowmeter and flow-measuring method, be specifically related to a kind of downhole optic fiber flux of vortex street and take into account downhole flow measurement method, belong to oil field equipment field.
Background technology
Flow is an extremely important parameter in oil exploitation process, and in daily relevant oil extraction operation, the precision of flow measurement and reliability are related to the number of field output, and the raising for oilfield oil well development effectiveness has very important significance.In the process of oil exploitation, the special flow state of the environmental baseline special due to down-hole and crude oil makes the real-time measurement of oil flow especially difficult.In addition, the measurement of downhole flow relates to liquid, gas and heterogeneous fluid, and the measurement for polymer flow rate also will consider the viscous impact of high viscosity non-Newtonian fluid.In order to adapt to the flow measurement of varying environment and different material, there is various flow measurement instrument, the measuring flow that current land oil well is commonly used is in respect of differential pressure flowmeter, suspended body flowmeter, turbo flow meter, electromagnetic flowmeter and ultrasonic flowmeter etc., these sensor great majority be by electrical type sensor obtain indirect parameter be finally converted into flow, but all exist precision low, be subject to electromagnetic interference (EMI), need power supply, affect by fluid viscosity, temperature etc.
Compared with traditional flowmeter, optical fibre flowmeter has the following advantages: 1 accuracy, highly sensitive; 2 high temperature resistant, high pressure resistant, electromagnetism interference, without the need to power supply, safe and reliable under inflammable, explosive environments; 3 bandwidths, dynamic range are wide; 4 are convenient to telemeasurement and control; 5 measurements being applicable to medium.Thus, optical fibre flowmeter is subject to people's attention because of the advantage of its uniqueness.At present, optical fibre flowmeter is divided into again the heterogeneous optical fibre flowmeter in down-hole, optic fibre turbo flowmeter, Optical Fiber Vortex-Shedding Flowmeter, optical fiber doppler flowmeter etc.But existing optical fibre flowmeter still exists a lot of deficiency, optical fiber is directly placed in fluid and measures by some of them optical fibre flowmeter, does not consider the corrosivity of some fluid to optical fiber; Other optical fibre flowmeters utilize the reflection/transmission principle of light, and this really have ignored the absorption loss of oil to light.Some then utilizes the object of choked flow target, diaphragm or other similar choked flow targets as direct part of the force, by connecting rod or self, fluid matasomatism pressure is thereon passed to fiber grating again, by measuring the measure of the change flow of grating spectrum, the deficiency of this kind of flowmeter is that choked flow target have impact on flow field in original pipeline and flow, and technique and complex structure.Some is eddy currents, is combined with optical fiber sensing technology by Karman vortex street principle.Vortex shedder both sides flow velocity is relevant with former velocity in pipes, measures vortex frequency and can know flow in original pipeline, and this kind of method does not affect flow field in original pipeline and flow.But be set up at the cloth of optical fiber/fiber grating and be but wanting in consideration, being flowed vertically to by optical fiber/fiber grating of having is arranged in after vortex shedder, make optical fiber/fiber grating itself as bluff body, the corrosive attack of fluid to optical fiber/fiber grating material do not considered equally by this flowmeter, and may thrust optical fiber when fluid viscosity is larger.Directly being bonded on vortex shedder by grating of having is measured, and this flowmeter sensitivity is low, because the strain that fiber grating records is vortex shedder, distortion produces.Also have a type, fiber grating is placed in cylinder and is cooperatively interacted by measuring diaphragm, two positioning films and connecting rod, drive the change of fiber grating generation corresponding length to record output wavelength by positioning film and change and can obtain flow.This improved procedure, although protect optical fiber, but when eddy current causes measuring diaphragm to vibrate, runs into connecting rod simultaneously, and the stop of connecting rod affects eddy current can make measurement not accurate enough, and force transferring part too much reduces accuracy of measurement.
For above problem, the present invention proposes a kind of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter, optical fiber can be avoided to be subject to the impact of flow-induced corrosion, can avoid again affecting the flow field in pipeline, flow and eddy current, can also high temperature high voltage resistant, electromagnetism interference, without the need to power supply, reach high precision, highly sensitive measurement.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be solve in existing fiber flowmeter exist optical fiber by flow-induced corrosion affect affect pipeline flow field with measuring sensor, measuring accuracy that flow causes is lower, less stable, and existing flowmeter structure is complicated, the problem that cannot use under High Temperature High Pressure height corrosion environment, and then propose a kind of downhole optic fiber flux of vortex street and take into account downhole flow measurement method.
The present invention is the technical scheme taked that solves the problem: the present invention includes fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, the present invention also comprises housing, pipe core, top connection, lower sub, armored optical cable, probe, pressing plate, central shaft, fiber grating and vortex shedder, top connection, pipe core, lower sub from top to bottom connects successively, outer cover suit is on the lateral wall of pipe core, vortex shedder is arranged in pipe core, the middle part of pipe core lateral wall has through hole, probe is arranged in through hole by pressing plate, neutral axis is inserted in probe, fiber grating is arranged in neutral axis, one end of armored optical cable is connected with fiber grating, the other end of armored optical cable is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator.
The concrete steps of downhole flow measurement method of the present invention are as follows:
Step one, calculated flow rate: wherein vortex frequency and the mean flow rate U flowing through vortex shedder both sides
1between relation can be expressed as:
f＝S
rU
1/d①，
Formula 1. middle f represents vortex frequency, S
rrepresent Strouhal number, U
1represent the mean flow rate of vortex shedder both sides, d represents the width of vortex shedder fluoran stream surface;
According to fluid continuity theorem:
U
1＝U/m②，
Formula 2. in U represent that mean flow rate in measuring tube, m represent the ratio of vortex shedder both sides bow-shaped area and conduit cross-sectional area;
1. and 2. obtained by formula:
f＝S
rU/md③，
In measuring tube, instantaneous volume flow rate is q
v, unit is m
3/ s, then:
4. can be obtained the frequency relation of outflow and whirlpool by formula, formula 4. middle D represents measuring tube internal diameter;
The bragg wavelength of step 2, calculating fiber grating:
λ
B＝2n
effΛ⑤，
Formula is middle n 5.
effrepresent effective refractive index, Λ represents pitch;
When external environment changes, the effective refractive index n of pitch Λ and core mode
eff(photoelastic effect) can change, and 5. formula then becomes:
△λ
B＝K△ε⑥
Formula 6. middle K is sensitivity, and △ ε is the variable quantity that fiber grating is strained.
When vortex street constantly impacts probe both sides flat part with frequency f, drive the continuous Tension and Compression in side neutral axis being stained with fiber grating, this Tension and Compression causes fiber grating to be subject to periodic stretching strain and compressive strain, bragg wavelength is caused also to produce wavelength maximum and wavelength minimum (X-Guang Pu) with frequency f, wavelength value is demodulated by fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, with software the number of times that wavelength maximum, minimum value occur within a certain period of time calculated again and obtain frequency, and then calculate flow.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: 1, the present invention adopts the mode that fiber grating combines with Karman vortex street principle, and neutral axis and fiber grating are positioned at housing, avoids sensing material by problems such as flow-induced corrosions, improve the sensitivity of measuring fluid flow; 2, the probe of the present invention's employing is using flat part as the force-summing element experiencing vortex street, and is parallel to direction of flow placement, does not affect pipeline flow field, flow and vortex street; 3, housing of the present invention, probe all adopt resistant material, and neutral axis and probe all adopt stress sensitive element, reach the Measurement accuracy of fluid flow; 4, be coated with exotic material outside the fiber grating that the present invention adopts, make flowmeter can under high temperature and high pressure environment high-precision measurement fluid flow, the production status of final accurately reflection oil well.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is one-piece construction schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, described in present embodiment, a kind of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter comprises fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 13, present embodiment also comprises housing 1, pipe core 2, top connection 4, lower sub 5, armored optical cable 6, probe 8, pressing plate 9, central shaft 10, fiber grating 11 and vortex shedder 12, top connection 4, pipe core 2, lower sub 5 from top to bottom connects successively, shell 1 is sleeved on the lateral wall of pipe core 2, vortex shedder 12 is arranged in pipe core 2, the middle part of pipe core 2 lateral wall has through hole 7, probe 8 is arranged in through hole 7 by pressing plate 9, neutral axis 10 is inserted in probe 8, fiber grating 11 is arranged in neutral axis 10, one end of armored optical cable 6 is connected with fiber grating 11, the other end of armored optical cable 6 is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 13.
Embodiment two: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, a kind of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter described in present embodiment also comprises two the first O-ring seal 3-1 and two the second O-ring seal 3-2, top connection 4 and junction, housing 1 upper end are provided with two the first O-ring seal 3-1, and lower sub 5 and junction, housing 1 lower end are provided with two the second O-ring seal 3-2.Other composition and annexation identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, a kind of xsect of vortex shedder 12 of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter described in present embodiment is the polygon after isosceles triangle removes three angles, and vortex shedder 12 is that 316L stainless steel makes.
In present embodiment, the triangular prism bottom surface of vortex shedder 12 is fluoran stream surfaces, the perpendicular bisector of fluoran stream surface and probe flat part are in same plane, vortex shedder 12 plays and produces and the effect being separated whirlpool, and the vortex signal that the vortex shedder 12 of triangular prism structure produces is not only strong but also stablize, and can also reduce other disturbance and the noise of fluid.Other composition and annexation identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, described in present embodiment, a kind of inside of probe 8 of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter is circular cylindrical cavity, and the bottom of probe 8 is flat, and probe 8 is made by 316L stainless steel.
The technique effect of present embodiment is: so arrange, and its good corrosion resistance, elevated temperature strength are excellent, work hardening good, stiff stability, elastic range are large, strong adaptability, be quick on the draw, and further ensures the total flow precision of Oil/gas Well.Other composition and annexation identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment five: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, a kind of neutral axis 10 of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter described in present embodiment is the schistose texture that 316L stainless steel makes.
The technique effect of present embodiment is: so arrange, and its good corrosion resistance, elevated temperature strength are excellent, work hardening good, stiff stability, elastic range are large, strong adaptability, be quick on the draw.Other composition and annexation identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment six: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, is tightly connected by glue between the lateral wall of a kind of probe 8 of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter described in present embodiment and the madial wall of through hole 7.Other composition and annexation identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment seven: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, described in present embodiment, a kind of span of centre wavelength of fiber grating 11 of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter is 1525nm ~ 1605nm, the external coated exotic material of fiber grating 11.Other composition and annexation identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment eight: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, described in present embodiment, a kind of concrete steps of downhole flow measurement method are as follows:
Step one, calculated flow rate: wherein vortex frequency and the mean flow rate U flowing through vortex shedder 12 both sides
1between relation can be expressed as:
f＝S
rU
1/d①，
Formula 1. middle f represents vortex frequency, S
rrepresent Strouhal number, U
1represent the mean flow rate of vortex shedder 12 both sides, d represents the width of vortex shedder 12 fluoran stream surface;
According to fluid continuity theorem:
U
1＝U/m②，
Formula 2. in U represent that mean flow rate in measuring tube, m represent the ratio of vortex shedder 12 both sides bow-shaped area and conduit cross-sectional area;
1. and 2. obtained by formula:
f＝S
rU/md③，
In measuring tube, instantaneous volume flow rate is q
v, unit is m
3/ s, then:
4. can be obtained the frequency relation of outflow and whirlpool by formula, formula 4. middle D represents measuring tube internal diameter;
The bragg wavelength of step 2, calculating fiber grating 11:
λ
B＝2n
effΛ⑤，
Formula is middle n 5.
effrepresent effective refractive index, Λ represents pitch;
When external environment changes, the effective refractive index n of pitch Λ and core mode
eff(photoelastic effect) can change, and 5. formula then becomes:
△λ
B＝K△ε⑥
Formula 6. middle K is sensitivity, and △ ε is the variable quantity that fiber grating is strained.
When vortex street constantly impacts probe 8 both sides flat part with frequency f, drive the continuous Tension and Compression in side neutral axis 10 being stained with fiber grating 11, this Tension and Compression causes fiber grating 11 to be subject to periodic stretching strain and compressive strain, bragg wavelength is caused also to produce wavelength maximum and wavelength minimum (X-Guang Pu) with frequency f, wavelength value is demodulated by fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 13, with software the number of times that wavelength maximum, minimum value occur within a certain period of time calculated again and obtain frequency, and then calculate flow.
Principle of work
Downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter of the present invention, vortex shedder 12 is welded in pipe core 2, the flat part of being popped one's head in by vortex street detecting element inserts in pipe core 2, when fluid orthogonal vortex shedder fluoran stream surface flows into, whirlpool is alternately separated from shedder 12 both sides, the alternation lift supervened is applied on the flat part of probe, be encapsulated in cylinder endoceliac sheet neutral axis both sides and be subject to periodic drawing stress and compression stress respectively, neutral axis 10 both sides are made periodically to produce elongation strain and compression deformation, the fiber grating 11 being pasted on neutral axis 10 side produces cooperative transformation, fiber grating produces wave length shift, the reflected light of fiber grating carries wave length shift information and arrives fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, the wavelength shift obtaining fiber grating 11 is measured finally by fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, again with software by wavelength maximum, the number of times that minimum value occurs in certain hour t calculates and just obtains frequency, and then obtain the flow of fluid.
Claims (8)
1. a downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter, it comprises fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (13), it is characterized in that: described a kind of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter also comprises housing (1), pipe core (2), top connection (4), lower sub (5), armored optical cable (6), probe (8), pressing plate (9), central shaft (10), fiber grating (11) and vortex shedder (12), top connection (4), pipe core (2), lower sub (5) from top to bottom connects successively, shell (1) is sleeved on the lateral wall of pipe core (2), vortex shedder (12) is arranged in pipe core (2), the middle part of pipe core (2) lateral wall has through hole (7), probe (8) is arranged in through hole (7) by pressing plate (9), neutral axis (10) is inserted in probe (8), fiber grating (11) is arranged in neutral axis (10), one end of armored optical cable (6) is connected with fiber grating (11), the other end of armored optical cable (6) is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (13).
2. a kind of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described a kind of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter also comprises two the first O-ring seals (3-1) and two the second O-ring seals (3-2), top connection (4) and housing (1) junction, upper end are provided with two the first O-ring seals (3-1), and lower sub (5) and housing (1) junction, lower end are provided with two the second O-ring seals (3-2).
3. a kind of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the xsect of vortex shedder (12) is the polygon after isosceles triangle removes three angles, vortex shedder (12) is that 316L stainless steel makes.
4. a kind of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the inside of probe (8) is circular cylindrical cavity, the bottom of probe (8) is flat, and probe (8) is made by 316L stainless steel.
5. a kind of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: neutral axis (10) is the schistose texture that 316L stainless steel makes.
6. a kind of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: be tightly connected by glue between the lateral wall of probe (8) and the madial wall of through hole (7).
7. a kind of downhole optic fiber vortex shedding flow meter according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: the span of the centre wavelength of fiber grating (11) is 1525nm ~ 1605nm, the external coated exotic material of fiber grating (11).
8. utilize Optical Fiber Vortex-Shedding Flowmeter described in claim 1 to carry out a method for downhole flow measurement, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of a kind of described downhole flow measurement method are as follows:
Step one, calculated flow rate: wherein vortex frequency and the mean flow rate U flowing through vortex shedder (12) both sides
1between relation can be expressed as:
f＝S
rU
1/d①，
Formula 1. middle f represents vortex frequency, S
rrepresent Strouhal number, U
1represent the mean flow rate of vortex shedder (12) both sides, d represents the width of vortex shedder (12) fluoran stream surface;
According to fluid continuity theorem:
U
1＝U/m②，
Formula 2. in U represent that mean flow rate in measuring tube, m represent the ratio of vortex shedder (12) both sides bow-shaped area and conduit cross-sectional area;
1. and 2. obtained by formula:
f＝S
rU/md③，
In measuring tube, instantaneous volume flow rate is q
v, unit is m
3/ s, then:
4. can be obtained the frequency relation of outflow and whirlpool by formula, formula 4. middle D represents measuring tube internal diameter;
The bragg wavelength of step 2, calculating fiber grating (11):
λ
B＝2n
effΛ⑤，
Formula is middle n 5.
effrepresent the effective refractive index of core mode, Λ represents pitch;
When external environment changes, the effective refractive index n of pitch Λ and core mode
eff(photoelastic effect) can change, and 5. formula then becomes:
Δλ
B＝KΔε⑥
Formula 6. middle K is sensitivity, Δ ε is the variable quantity that fiber grating is strained, when vortex street constantly impacts probe (8) both sides flat part with frequency f, drive the continuous Tension and Compression in side neutral axis (10) being stained with fiber grating (11), this Tension and Compression causes fiber grating (11) to be subject to periodic stretching strain and compressive strain, bragg wavelength is caused also to produce wavelength maximum and wavelength minimum (X-Guang Pu) with frequency f, wavelength value is demodulated by fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (13), again with software by wavelength maximum, the number of times that minimum value occurs within a certain period of time calculates and obtains frequency, and then calculate flow.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510696328.6A CN105352558B (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2015-10-22 | A kind of downhole optic fiber vortex-shedding meter |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510696328.6A CN105352558B (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2015-10-22 | A kind of downhole optic fiber vortex-shedding meter |
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| CN105352558B CN105352558B (en) | 2019-03-29 |
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Cited By (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105952435A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-09-21 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Vortex shedding flow-meter suitable for oil-water well underground |
| WO2017219569A1 (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-28 | 天津大学 | Optical fiber fabry-perot type flow measurement device and method with local bending for flow guiding |
| CN110161281A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-23 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | A kind of Optical-Fiber Flowing Rate Sensor |
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| CN105952435A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-09-21 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Vortex shedding flow-meter suitable for oil-water well underground |
| WO2017219569A1 (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-28 | 天津大学 | Optical fiber fabry-perot type flow measurement device and method with local bending for flow guiding |
| CN110161281A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-23 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | A kind of Optical-Fiber Flowing Rate Sensor |
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|---|---|
| CN105352558B (en) | 2019-03-29 |
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