CN105332009A - Sulphate-system environment-friendly electroplating method - Google Patents
Sulphate-system environment-friendly electroplating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105332009A CN105332009A CN201510784279.1A CN201510784279A CN105332009A CN 105332009 A CN105332009 A CN 105332009A CN 201510784279 A CN201510784279 A CN 201510784279A CN 105332009 A CN105332009 A CN 105332009A
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- electroplating
- sulphate
- chromium
- plating solution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
- C25D3/06—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium from solutions of trivalent chromium
Abstract
The invention discloses a sulphate-system environment-friendly electroplating method, wherein plating solution adopted in the electroplating process is composed of 0.8-1.0mol/L of chromium sulphate, 0.2-0.4mol/L of potassium sulphate, 0.6-0.8mol/L of ammonium bromide, 1.4-1.6mol/L of boric acid, 0.6-0.8mol/L of sodium hypophosphite, 1.2-1.4mol/L of aminoacetic acid, 0.02-0.04mol/L of methanol, 0.03-0.05mol/L of sodium sulphite, 0.05-0.07mol/L of ferrous sulphate, 0.03-0.05mol/L of methyl methacrylate, and 0.01-0.03mol/L of polydimethylsiloxane. In the electroplating process, the pH value of the electroplating solution is 2.3-3.6; a process temperature during electroplating is about 45-55 DEG C, the current density of a cathode is 21-23A/dm<2>, an electroplating time is 15-25 minutes, and an anode is a stainless steel electrode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electroplating technology field, particularly relate to a kind of vitriol system environment-protection electroplating method.
Background technology
Electrodeposited chromium is widely used.Chromium coating attractive appearance, hardness is high, anti-corrosion good with wear resistance, not only can be used as decorative coating, and can make functional coating.Sexavalent chrome chromium plating is the most general industrial applications technique.But Cr (VI) has serious harm to environmental and human health impacts, latent period of its harm is very long, and being the extremely strong strong carcinogens of a kind of toxicity, is also serious corrosive medium.Comparatively speaking, trivalent chromium chrome plating has the incomparable advantage of sexavalent chrome chromium plating, as lower in toxicity, wastewater treatment is comparatively simple, produce in Chrome-free mist pollution etc.Along with countries in the world are to the growing interest of environmental problem, traditional sexavalent chrome chrome-plated process will be substituted gradually and eliminate, and trivalent chromium chrome plating will be applied and promote.
Relative to sexavalent chrome chromium plating, the major advantage of trivalent chromium chrome plating has:
1) to pollute comparatively Cr (VI) low for plating solution, and its toxicity is only 1% of Cr (VI), and electroplating process does not produce chromium mist;
2) content of plating solution chromium is low, and be only 20% ~ 10% of Cr (VI) plating solution, carry-over loss is few, and sewage disposal is simple;
3) sedimentation velocity is fast, and current efficiency is higher, is about 2 times that Cr (VI) electroplates;
4) comparatively chromic acid bath is good for solution dispersibility and covering power, does not generally need supplementary anode, and thickness is comparatively even, and hanger is simple;
5) bright current density range is wider, can be applicable to the part chromium plating that shape is more complicated;
6) plating solution can work under normal temperature or lesser temps, save energy;
7) coating is discontinuous tiny crack chromium, and erosion resistance is higher than Cr (VI) coating, and hardness is not less than Cr (VI) layers of chrome;
8), in electroplating process, continue plating after current interruptions, do not affect quality of coating;
9) anode system is simplified and energy life-time service;
10) chemical scavengers can be used as the Tripotassium iron hexacyanide etc., without the need to routine cleaning coating bath, decrease the shut-down period.
Relative to sexavalent chrome chromium plating, the main drawback of trivalent chromium chrome plating has:
1) chromium is multivalent state metal,
in electroplating process, the Cr in plating solution
3+cr (VI) can be oxidized at anode, poison plating solution;
2) plating solution is comparatively responsive to impurity, and management maintenance requires comparatively strict;
3) use special titanium anode or metal oxide electrode, cause production cost higher;
4) have more than ten to plant composition in plating solution, bath stability is poor, and technique is difficult to controlling and adjustment;
5) tint is also undesirable, especially, along with the increase of thickness or the prolongation of electroplating time, and coating tarnish;
6) the pH scope of plating solution is narrower, and pH is too high, will cause irreversible lesion to chrome-plated process.
At present, trivalent chromium plating mainly sulfate system and chloride system.Two systems respectively have relative merits, wherein chloride system have conduction well, groove forces down, solution dispersibility and covering power and current efficiency is higher, bright current density range is wider, Oxygen anodic evolution overpotential is lower and the trivalent chromium not easily advantage such as oxidized on anode.When shortcoming is current density height, anode has chlorine to separate out, heavy contamination, to equipment corrosion weight.Although sulfate system relative chloride system advantage in the electroconductibility of plating solution, dispersive ability, covering power, current efficiency and bright current density range etc. is not obvious, but but have the clear superiority that muriate does not have, namely anode does not have chlorine to separate out, pollution-free, little to equipment corrosion.Therefore, the research center of gravity of trivalent chromium plating should be sulfate system.
But still there is the place making us being satisfied with not to the utmost in the vitriol system electroplating solution reported in prior art and electroplating technology
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of vitriol system environment-protection electroplating method, the bath system that the method adopts is stablized, and Deposit appearance light, crackle is few, and bonding force is good.
For reaching this object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of vitriol system environment-protection electroplating method, consisting of of the plating solution that described electroplating technology adopts: chromium sulphate 0.8-1.0mol/L; Potassium sulfate 0.2-0.4mol/L; Brometo de amonio 0.6-0.8mol/L; Boric acid 1.4-1.6mol/L; Inferior sodium phosphate 0.6-0.8mol/L; Padil 1.2-1.4mol/L; Methyl alcohol 0.02-0.04mol/L, S-WAT 0.03-0.05mol/L, ferrous sulfate 0.05-0.07mol/L; Methyl methacrylate 0.03-0.05mol/L, polydimethylsiloxane 0.01-0.03mol/L; Described electroplating technology is: the pH value of electroplate liquid is 2.3-3.6; Technological temperature during plating is about 45-55 DEG C, and cathode current density is 21-23A/dm
2, electroplating time 15-25 minute, anode is stainless steel electrode.
The invention add methyl methacrylate and polydimethylsiloxane two kinds of components in the plating solution, and determine the Optimum Contents of the two.Show through practice, increase these two kinds of components and contrast with the coating not increasing these two kinds of components, not there is seminess in coating, and bonding force significantly improves substantially, and cross-cut tester test is without obscission.Achieve unexpected technique effect.
Except the key ingredient of the invention described above, in plating solution formula component, chromium sulphate provides chromium ion for plating solution, and potassium sulfate and brometo de amonio are conducting salt, is used for increasing plating solution conductance, improves solution dispersibility and also reduces power consumption; Boric acid is plating solution buffer reagent, is used for maintaining the pH value of plating solution in processing range; Padil and trivalent chromic ion complexing, be converted into electroactive high easy deposition complex ion, to improve sedimentation velocity and the current efficiency of plating solution, improve quality of coating by the trivalent chromium hydrate of inertia; Boric acid effectively can stablize the pH value of plating solution, maintains the stable of long-time electroplating bath solution acidity, ensure coating continue thicken.S-WAT and ferrous sulfate are used for preventing trivalent chromic ion to be oxidized to hexavalent chromium, hexavalent chromium already present in plating solution are reduced to trivalent chromic ion to improve stability and the work-ing life of plating solution simultaneously.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
The present invention is by the adjustment to solution composition, and can realize substituting sexavalent chrome with trivalent chromium, environment-protecting clean is pollution-free, and the Deposit appearance light of preparation, crackle is few, and bonding force is good.Bath stability is good, and electroplating activity is easily operated.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
A kind of vitriol system environment-protection electroplating method, consisting of of the plating solution that described electroplating technology adopts: chromium sulphate 0.8mol/L; Potassium sulfate 0.4mol/L; Brometo de amonio 0.6mol/L; Boric acid 1.6mol/L; Inferior sodium phosphate 0.6mol/L; Padil 1.4mol/L; Methyl alcohol 0.02mol/L, S-WAT 0.05mol/L, ferrous sulfate 0.05mol/L; Methyl methacrylate 0.03mol/L, polydimethylsiloxane 0.03mol/L; Described electroplating technology is: the pH value of electroplate liquid is 2.3-3.6; Technological temperature during plating is 45-55 DEG C, and cathode current density is 21-23A/dm
2, electroplating time 15 minutes, anode is stainless steel electrode.
Embodiment two
A kind of vitriol system environment-protection electroplating method, consisting of of the plating solution that described electroplating technology adopts: chromium sulphate 1.0mol/L; Potassium sulfate 0.2mol/L; Brometo de amonio 0.8mol/L; Boric acid 1.4mol/L; Inferior sodium phosphate 0.8mol/L; Padil 1.2mol/L; Methyl alcohol 0.04mol/L, S-WAT 0.03mol/L, ferrous sulfate 0.07mol/L; Methyl methacrylate 0.05mol/L, polydimethylsiloxane 0.01mol/L; Described electroplating technology is: the pH value of electroplate liquid is 2.3-3.6; Technological temperature during plating is 45-55 DEG C, and cathode current density is 21-23A/dm
2, electroplating time 25 minutes, anode is stainless steel electrode.
Embodiment three
A kind of vitriol system environment-protection electroplating method, consisting of of the plating solution that described electroplating technology adopts: chromium sulphate 0.9mol/L; Potassium sulfate 0.3mol/L; Brometo de amonio 0.7mol/L; Boric acid 1.5mol/L; Inferior sodium phosphate 0.7mol/L; Padil 1.3mol/L; Methyl alcohol 0.03mol/L, S-WAT 0.04mol/L, ferrous sulfate 0.06mol/L; Methyl methacrylate 0.04mol/L, polydimethylsiloxane 0.02mol/L; Described electroplating technology is: the pH value of electroplate liquid is 2.3-3.6; Technological temperature during plating is 45-55 DEG C, and cathode current density is 21-23A/dm
2, electroplating time 20 minutes, anode is stainless steel electrode.
Applicant states, the present invention illustrates detailed process equipment and process flow process of the present invention by above-described embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned detailed process equipment and process flow process, namely do not mean that the present invention must rely on above-mentioned detailed process equipment and process flow process and could implement.Person of ordinary skill in the field should understand, any improvement in the present invention, to equivalence replacement and the interpolation of ancillary component, the concrete way choice etc. of each raw material of product of the present invention, all drops within protection scope of the present invention and open scope.
Claims (1)
1. a vitriol system environment-protection electroplating method, is characterized in that, consisting of of the plating solution that described electroplating technology adopts: chromium sulphate 0.8-1.0mol/L; Potassium sulfate 0.2-0.4mol/L; Brometo de amonio 0.6-0.8mol/L; Boric acid 1.4-1.6mol/L; Inferior sodium phosphate 0.6-0.8mol/L; Padil 1.2-1.4mol/L; Methyl alcohol 0.02-0.04mol/L, S-WAT 0.03-0.05mol/L, ferrous sulfate 0.05-0.07mol/L; Methyl methacrylate 0.03-0.05mol/L, polydimethylsiloxane 0.01-0.03mol/L; Described electroplating technology is: the pH value of electroplate liquid is 2.3-3.6; Technological temperature during plating is about 45-55 DEG C, and cathode current density is 21-23A/dm
2, electroplating time 15-25 minute, anode is stainless steel electrode.
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| CN201510784279.1A CN105332009A (en) | 2015-11-16 | 2015-11-16 | Sulphate-system environment-friendly electroplating method |
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