CN105331926B - N C Cr V RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials for 45 steel surface reinforcements - Google Patents
N C Cr V RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials for 45 steel surface reinforcements Download PDFInfo
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- CN105331926B CN105331926B CN201510744501.5A CN201510744501A CN105331926B CN 105331926 B CN105331926 B CN 105331926B CN 201510744501 A CN201510744501 A CN 201510744501A CN 105331926 B CN105331926 B CN 105331926B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C12/00—Solid state diffusion of at least one non-metal element other than silicon and at least one metal element or silicon into metallic material surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of N C Cr V RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials for being used for 45 steel surface reinforcements, described permeation material includes following two sections of material：The type base salt of J 2, Cr V RE permeation materials, wherein Cr V RE permeations material is by borax, NaF, K2CO3、V2O5、Cr2O3, aluminium powder and RE be made.N C through 570 DEG C × 4h ooze in advance, after 950 DEG C × 6h Cr V RE permeations and 550 DEG C × 2h tempers, the diffusion layer organization of 45 steel is fine and close continuously, corrosion resistance is strong, hardness is high, ensure that the surface peening performance of plastic mould and various machine components corrosion resistant antiwears.Present invention process is simple, easy to operate, and heat treatment cycle is short, and controllability is strong, compensate for the defects of unit metallic cementation or nonmetal character can be insufficient, application prospect is very wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mould and machinery part surface to strengthen field, more particularly, to a kind of 45 steel surface reinforcements that are used for
N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials.
Background technology
45 steel are the common used materials of plastic mould and machine components, cheap, are easily obtained, but normative heat treatment or ooze
Carbon, nitriding thermo-chemical treatment case hardness is low, wears no resistance, corrosion-resistant, influences the use of plastic mould and machine components
Life-span.
Common plastics mould and machinery part surface reinforcement technique are roughly divided into three classes；The first kind is that Surface heat-treatent includes
Surface hardening and thermo-chemical treatment, surface hardening have impewdance matching, pulsed quenching, flame hardening etc. again, and thermo-chemical treatment is such as oozed
Nitrogen, carburizing, nitrocarburizing, boronising, chromising, vanadinizing and permeation rare earth etc.；Second class is plating and chemical plating；3rd gas-like phase
Deposition includes PVC, CVD, PCVD etc..By surface strengthening technology, the surface of plastic mould and machine components can be further improved
Hardness, wearability, corrosion resistance etc., improve performance and service life.
The present invention strengthens heat treatment technics using low temperature composite surface, with reference to TRD technologies, from strong nitrogen carbide V and Cr
Metallic element and RE, N, C permeation, diffusion layer organization is fine and close, corrosion resistance is strong, hardness is high, compensate for unit metallic cementation or nonmetallic
The defects of performance deficiency, the frontier of 45 steel multicomponent thermochemical treatments is opened up, realizes that plastic mould and machinery part surface process cycle are short
Manufacturing process.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide that a kind of diffusion layer organization is fine and close, corrosion resistance is strong, hardness is high for 45 steel, can not only more
The defects of mending unit metallic cementation or insufficient nonmetal character energy, also shorten the table in the cycle of plastic mould and machinery part surface processing
The new method of surface strengthening.
In order to solve the above problems, it is more that one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of N-C-Cr-V-RE for being used for 45 steel surface reinforcements
First permeation material, described permeation material include following two sections of material：J-2 type bases salt, Cr-V-RE permeation materials.
Preferably, the described N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials for 45 steel surface reinforcements, the J-2 types base
The ion by following percentage by weight of salt forms：M+44%~46%, CNO-38%~42%, CO2- 314%~18%, M+For
Na+、K+、Li+Sum.
Preferably, the described N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials for 45 steel surface reinforcements, the Cr-V-RE
Permeation material is made up of following raw material：Borax, NaF, K2CO3、V2O5、Cr2O3, aluminium powder, RE.
Preferably, the described N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials for 45 steel surface reinforcements, the Cr-V-RE
Permeation material is made up of the raw material of following weight fraction：52~64 parts of borax, 6~12 parts of NaF, K2CO37~13 parts, V2O56
Part, Cr2O32~4 parts, 4~9 parts of aluminium powder, 3~6 parts of RE.
Preferably, the described N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials for 45 steel surface reinforcements, the Cr-V-RE
Permeation material is made up of the raw material of following weight fraction：52 parts of borax, 6 parts of NaF, K2CO37 parts, V2O56 parts, Cr2O32 parts, aluminium
4 parts of powder, 3 parts of RE.
Preferably, the described N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials for 45 steel surface reinforcements, the Cr-V-RE
Permeation material is made up of the raw material of following weight fraction：58 parts of borax, 9 parts of NaF, K2CO310 parts, V2O59 parts, Cr2O33 parts, aluminium
6.5 parts of powder, 4.5 parts of RE.
Preferably, the described N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials for 45 steel surface reinforcements, the Cr-V-RE
Permeation material is made up of the raw material of following weight fraction：64 parts of borax, 12 parts of NaF, K2CO313 parts, V2O512 parts, Cr2O34 parts,
9 parts of aluminium powder, 6 parts of RE.
J-2 type bases salt can provide N, C source, and the treatment temperature of the base salt and 45 steel belt roof bolt temperature phases for matrix simultaneously
When being convenient for salt bath permeation with being tempered the heat treatment that is combined.The borax added in Cr-V-RE permeation materials divides at high temperature
Solution produces kodalk, and kodalk can dissolve the original oxide layer of matrix surface, so as to keep specimen surface to clean, be advantageous to
Adsorption activity vanadium atom.NaF as activator can effectively improve salt bath activity, improve metallic cementation speed and some
The effect of neutral salt.Aluminium in salt bath with V2O5、Cr2O3Reaction generation Al2O3, Al2O3Fine and close film is formed to wrap up other aluminium
Prevention aluminium continues to react, and NaF can make Al2O3There is sodium fusion phenomenon, cause part Al2O3There is melting and caved in duct, and allows Al
V and Cr active atomic can be continued to displace.Aluminium powder in Cr-V-RE permeation materials is also used as reducing agent, aluminium powder compared with
Silica flour or other reducing powers of reducing agent for being suitable for using in salt bath are strong, and aluminium powder can also improve the flowing of salt bath
Property.K2CO3Be advantageous to improve the mobility of salt bath, the cleaning of the residual salt of sample is become different, and K2CO3The metal oxygen decomposed under high temperature
Compound, K2O can promote dissolvings of the Cr in salt bath, can serve to urge and ooze.V2O5And Cr2O3For chromium corresponding oxygen is selected for vanadium agent
Compound powder, first alloy and metal powder price are somewhat expensive, crush difficulty, and gravity segregation is serious；Secondly alloy and metal are selected
Powder hardly results in smooth surface as penetration enhancer, and this is that reason metal gathers in crucible bottom than great easily sink, and is not easy in salt bath
Melt, sinter sometimes agglomerating completely.Particularly metallic particles reinforces ground weldbonding in specimen surface, can influence the work on surface
Property, could also be solved by being sufficiently stirred and taking other adequate measures, financial cost and the amount of labour can be increased.Due to oxidation
Thing easily melts in borax bath, is advantageous to suspend, will not segregation in crucible bottom and being adhered to workpiece surface, when can shorten processing
Between, cost is reduced, improves matter type.Institute selects V for chromium for vanadium agent2O5、Cr2O3Powder.It is anti-that RE plays acceleration chemistry in salt bath
The progress answered, while more active atomics are provided, and the diffusion of active atomic can be accelerated.
The present invention strengthens heat treatment technics using low temperature composite surface, with reference to TRD technologies, from strong nitrogen carbide V and Cr
Metallic element and RE, N, C permeation, diffusion layer organization is fine and close, corrosion resistance is strong, hardness is high, compensate for unit metallic cementation or nonmetallic
The defects of performance deficiency, the frontier of 45 steel multicomponent thermochemical treatments is opened up, realizes that plastic mould and machinery part surface process cycle are short
Manufacturing process.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the tissue topography of co-penetration layer after N-C permeations 3h；
Fig. 2 is the tissue topography of co-penetration layer after N-C permeations 4h；
Fig. 3 is the tissue topography of co-penetration layer after N-C permeations 5h；
Fig. 4 is the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment layer tissue shapes when weight fraction of Cr-V-RE permeation raw materials is lower limit
Looks；
Fig. 5 is the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment layer tissue shapes when weight fraction of Cr-V-RE permeation raw materials is midpoint
Looks；
Fig. 6 is the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment layer tissue shapes when weight fraction of Cr-V-RE permeation raw materials is the upper limit
Looks；
Fig. 7 is N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment layer material phase analysis；
Fig. 8 is N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment layer microhardnesses.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, to make those skilled in the art with reference to explanation
Book word can be implemented according to this.
Embodiment 1
Polished successively 45 steel curved beams with 500#, 1000#, 2000#, 3000# sand paper first, then successively with acetone, wine
Essence and water wash sample.N-C is oozed using J-2 type base salt in advance, technique is 570 DEG C × 3h, and technique is 570 DEG C × 4h, and technique is
570 DEG C × 5h, oil cooling.It is pre- that to ooze the N-C times be respectively 3h, 4h and 5h, the different pre- diffusion layer organizations oozed under the time as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and
Shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are respectively diffusion layer organization of 45 steel after N-C 3h, 4h and 5h is oozed in advance, as seen from the figure infiltration layer
Tissue is weaker zone and compacted zone, and the main thing of compacted zone is mutually Fe3N.Compare the different pre- infiltration layers oozed under the time to understand,
In embodiment 2 pre-, to ooze the time best for the pre- effect of oozing under conditions of 4h, shows as that compacted zone is thicker, and continuity is good, is mingled with
It is few.
Embodiment 2
For the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials of 45 steel surface reinforcements, described Cr-V-RE permeation materials are by following
The raw material of weight fraction is made：52 parts of borax, 6 parts of NaF, K2CO37 parts, V2O56 parts, Cr2O32 parts, 4 parts of aluminium powder, 3 parts of RE.
N-C oozes in advance：Polished 45 steel curved beams with 500#, 1000#, 2000#, 3000# sand paper, then used successively successively first
Acetone, alcohol and water wash sample.45 steel are carried out using J-2 type base salt to ooze N-C in advance, technique is：570 DEG C × 4h, oil cooling.
The weaker zone jettisoning of N-C samples will be oozed in advance, then washed successively with acetone, alcohol and water and pre- ooze sample.
Cr-V-RE permeations：Resistance furnace is warming up to 850 DEG C, is initially added into borax；10min is spaced by NaF and K2CO3Mixing
Add in borax, adjust borax mobility.By V after the 10min of interval2O5And Cr2O3Mixing is added in borax, is pressed into after stirring
Aluminium powder bag (aluminium powder is inflammable to be wrapped up with aluminium foil) restores V2O5And Cr2O3In V, Cr atom.Rare earth is added after the 10min of interval,
Rare earth can play the progress for accelerating chemical reaction in salt bath, there is provided more active atomics, and active atomic can be accelerated
Diffusion.Fused salt is stirred and adds sample by interval 10min, is warming up to 950 DEG C, oil cooling is taken out after insulation 6h, then with extremely
The residual salt for being attached to specimen surface is removed in boiling water.
Tempering：Style after permeation is handled finally is put into 550 DEG C of double temperings that 2h is carried out in air stove.
By by N-C is oozed in advance, the sample after Cr-V-RE permeations and temper is cleaned with acetone, alcohol and water successively.Point
Ce Ding not microhardness and observation 5% nital corrosion of the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatments layer from a surface to matrix
Tissue topography afterwards.
Embodiment 3
For the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials of 45 steel surface reinforcements, described Cr-V-RE permeation materials are by following
The raw material of weight fraction is made：58 parts of borax, 9 parts of NaF, K2CO310 parts, V2O59 parts, Cr2O33 parts, 6.5 parts of aluminium powder, RE 4.5
Part.
N-C oozes in advance：Polished successively 45 steel curved beams with 500#, 1000#, 2000#, 3000# sand paper, then successively with third
Ketone, alcohol and water wash sample.45 steel are carried out using J-2 type base salt to ooze N-C in advance, technique is：570 DEG C × 4h, oil cooling.Will
The pre- weaker zone jettisoning for oozing N-C samples, then washed successively with acetone, alcohol and water and pre- ooze sample.
Cr-V-RE permeations：Resistance furnace is warming up to 850 DEG C, is initially added into borax；10min is spaced by NaF and K2CO3Mixing
Add in borax, adjust borax mobility.By V after the 10min of interval2O5And Cr2O3Mixing is added in borax, is pressed into after stirring
Aluminium powder bag (aluminium powder is inflammable to be wrapped up with aluminium foil) restores V2O5And Cr2O3In V, Cr atom.Rare earth is added after the 10min of interval,
Rare earth can play the progress for accelerating chemical reaction in salt bath, there is provided more active atomics, and active atomic can be accelerated
Diffusion.Fused salt is stirred and adds sample by interval 10min, is warming up to 950 DEG C, oil cooling is taken out after insulation 6h, then with extremely
The residual salt for being attached to specimen surface is removed in boiling water.
Tempering：Style after permeation is handled finally is put into 550 DEG C of double temperings that 2h is carried out in air stove.
By by N-C is oozed in advance, the sample after Cr-V-RE permeations and temper is cleaned with acetone, alcohol and water successively.Point
Ce Ding not microhardness and observation 5% nital corrosion of the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatments layer from a surface to matrix
Tissue topography afterwards.
Embodiment 4
For the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials of 45 steel surface reinforcements, described Cr-V-RE permeation materials are by following
The raw material of weight fraction is made：64 parts of borax, 12 parts of NaF, K2CO313 parts, V2O512 parts, Cr2O34 parts, 9 parts of aluminium powder, RE 6
Part.
N-C oozes in advance：Polished successively 45 steel curved beams with 500#, 1000#, 2000#, 3000# sand paper, then successively with third
Ketone, alcohol and water wash sample.45 steel are carried out using J-2 type base salt to ooze N-C in advance, technique is：570 DEG C × 4h, oil cooling.Will
The pre- weaker zone jettisoning for oozing N-C samples, then washed successively with acetone, alcohol and water and pre- ooze sample.
Cr-V-RE permeations：Resistance furnace is warming up to 850 DEG C, is initially added into borax；10min is spaced by NaF and K2CO3Mixing
Add in borax, adjust borax mobility.By V after the 10min of interval2O5And Cr2O3Mixing is added in borax, is pressed into after stirring
Aluminium powder bag (aluminium powder is inflammable to be wrapped up with aluminium foil) restores V2O5And Cr2O3In V, Cr atom.Rare earth is added after the 10min of interval,
Rare earth can play the progress for accelerating chemical reaction in salt bath, there is provided more active atomics, and active atomic can be accelerated
Diffusion.Fused salt is stirred and adds sample by interval 10min, is warming up to 950 DEG C, oil cooling is taken out after insulation 6h, then with extremely
The residual salt for being attached to specimen surface is removed in boiling water.
Tempering：Style after permeation is handled finally is put into 550 DEG C of double temperings that 2h is carried out in air stove.
By by N-C is oozed in advance, the sample after Cr-V-RE permeations and temper is cleaned with acetone, alcohol and water successively.Point
Ce Ding not microhardness and observation 5% nital corrosion of the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatments layer from a surface to matrix
Tissue topography afterwards.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are respectively that the more members of N-C-Cr-V-RE of 45 steel Jing Guo embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and embodiment 4 are total to
Ooze processing, and the tissue topography after being corroded with 5% nital.Integrated comparative understands, the infiltration layer of embodiment 3 it is fine and close and
Continuity is good, and permeation effect is best.It is indicated above that 45 steel are in 9 parts of 58 parts of borax, NaF, the K by weight fraction2CO310 parts,
V2O59 parts, Cr2O33 parts, 6.5 parts of aluminium powder, the N-C-Cr-V-RE under Cr-V-RE permeation materials made of 4.5 parts of raw materials of RE it is more
First permeation effect is best.
Fig. 7 is the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment layer material phase analysis collection of illustrative plates of embodiment 3.As shown in Figure 7, it is main in infiltration layer
Contain CrN, VN, VC, V6C5, V8C7Etc. phase, wherein CrN can improve nitrided layer hardness and corrosion resistance, and the nitrogen carbide of vanadium then can
Improve the combination properties such as wearability, rotproofness, toughness, intensity, ductility and hardness and the thermal fatigue resistance of infiltration layer, co-penetration layer
In these things infiltration layer is provided with advantageous performance.
Curve a, curve b and curve c in Fig. 8 are respectively N-C- of 45 steel Jing Guo embodiment 3, embodiment 2 and embodiment 4
By the microhardness of infiltration layer to matrix after the processing of Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatments, as shown in Figure 8, curve a, curve b and curve c's oozes
Layer firmness change trend is consistent, i.e., is gradually reduced since surface and be transitioned into matrix hardness, and under the same terms, embodiment 3
Microhardness be curve a hardness highest, show its intensity highest.
Embodiment 5
N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatments sample, quenched sample and nitrocarburizing sample is taken to carry out the unit mill in two cycles
Damage amount contrast test, test result are as shown in table 1.The experimental result of contrast table 1 finds that multicomponent thermochemical treatment sample unit area is worn
Amount is minimum, and total wear extent in two cycles is only 11.35mg/cm2, and the wear extent of quenched sample is its 16 times or so, nitrogen
The wear extent of carbon permeation sample is its 13 times or so, it is seen that the specimen surface wearability handled by multicomponent thermochemical treatment is very good.
The unit wear extent situation of the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatments sample of table 1, quenched sample and nitrocarburizing sample
Embodiment 6
Take N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatments sample and common tempering sample to carry out corrosion weight loss and corrosion rate test, survey
Test result is as shown in table 2.Multicomponent thermochemical treatment sample main corrosion form is slight spot corrosion in experiment, and common tempering specimen surface is rotten
Erosion is serious.As shown in Table 2, either multicomponent thermochemical treatment sample or common tempering sample, in 10%H2SO4Corrode in solution and all compare
Seriously corroded in 10%HCl solution, and with the growth of etching time, the increase of corrosion weight loss amount.Common tempering sample this two
Corrosion weight loss in kind acid is probably 5~6 times of multicomponent thermochemical treatment sample, it is seen that multicomponent thermochemical treatment specimen surface corrosion resistance is preferable.
The N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatments sample of table 2 and the corrosion of quenched sample and reduced gravity situations
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted in specification and embodiment listed
With it can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely, can be easily for those skilled in the art
Other modification is realized, therefore under the universal limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, it is of the invention and unlimited
In specific details and shown here as the embodiment with description.
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials for being used for 45 steel surface reinforcements, it is characterised in that described permeation material Including following two sections of material：J-2 type bases salt, Cr-V-RE permeation materials；The ion by following percentage by weight of the J-2 types base salt forms：M+44%~46%, CNO-38%~42%, CO2- 3 14%~18%, M+For Na+、K+、Li+Sum.
- 2. the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials according to claim 1 for being used for 45 steel surface reinforcements, its feature exist In the Cr-V-RE permeations material is made up of following raw material：Borax, NaF, K2CO3、V2O5、Cr2O3, aluminium powder, RE.
- 3. the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials according to claim 2 for being used for 45 steel surface reinforcements, its feature exist In the Cr-V-RE permeations material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：52~64 parts of borax, 6~12 parts of NaF, K2CO3 7~13 parts, V2O56 parts, Cr2O32~4 parts, 4~9 parts of aluminium powder, 3~6 parts of RE.
- 4. the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials according to claim 2 for being used for 45 steel surface reinforcements, its feature exist In the Cr-V-RE permeations material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：52 parts of borax, 6 parts of NaF, K2CO37 parts, V2O5 6 parts, Cr2O32 parts, 4 parts of aluminium powder, 3 parts of RE.
- 5. the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials according to claim 2 for being used for 45 steel surface reinforcements, its feature exist In the Cr-V-RE permeations material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：58 parts of borax, 9 parts of NaF, K2CO310 parts, V2O59 parts, Cr2O33 parts, 6.5 parts of aluminium powder, 4.5 parts of RE.
- 6. the N-C-Cr-V-RE multicomponent thermochemical treatment materials according to claim 2 for being used for 45 steel surface reinforcements, its feature exist In the Cr-V-RE permeations material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight：64 parts of borax, 12 parts of NaF, K2CO313 parts, V2O512 parts, Cr2O34 parts, 9 parts of aluminium powder, 6 parts of RE.
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| CN105506544A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-04-20 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Method for preventing seizure of 1Cr11MoNiW1VNbN cover nut in ultra-supercritical turbine |
| CN105506545A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-04-20 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Chromizing agent for quickly chromizing 1Cr11MoNiW1VNbN materials of ultra-supercritical steam turbines at high temperatures and method for preparing chromizing agent |
| CN107201496A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-09-26 | 武汉铭高新材料有限公司 | A kind of method for preparing chromium based ceramic metal hardened layer in stainless steel surfaces |
| CN107761048A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-03-06 | 广西大学 | The method that N C V Mo RE multicomponent thermochemical treatments strengthen steel material surface |
| CN110218968B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-01-31 | 牡丹江师范学院 | Method for improving corrosion resistance of steel surface by low-temperature liquid-phase diffusion |
| CN115125477A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-30 | 常州铂林热处理有限公司 | Composite nitriding heat treatment process |
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