CN1053255C - 从油或气田中生产石油或天然气的产油管 - Google Patents

从油或气田中生产石油或天然气的产油管 Download PDF

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CN1053255C
CN1053255C CN93117029A CN93117029A CN1053255C CN 1053255 C CN1053255 C CN 1053255C CN 93117029 A CN93117029 A CN 93117029A CN 93117029 A CN93117029 A CN 93117029A CN 1053255 C CN1053255 C CN 1053255C
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oil
drainage tube
gas
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pipe
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CN1084936A (zh
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K·布列克
J·P·萨吉安特
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Norsk Hydro ASA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/18—Pipes provided with plural fluid passages

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  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
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Abstract

自油和/或气田中的油井内，即喷射液体到油和/或气田中的油井内，生产石油或天然气的方法和产油管，包括具有低引流管(2)的产油管(1)。将引流管(2)分成具有一个或多个流入节流装置(4)区段(3)，节流装置根据计算的沿引流管的摩擦压力损失，油田的计算生产率分布、和计算的气体或水的流入量控制自油田流入引流管的油或气流量。

Description

从油或气田中生产石油或天然气的产油管
本发明涉及一种用于从石油或天然气田的井中，即喷射液体到石油或天然气田的井中，生产石油或可燃气的方法，本发明还包括一种具有低引流管的生产管道。本发明特别适于高渗透性地质结构层中薄油层内的水平长井。根据美国专利US-4,821,801，US-4,858,691，US-4,577,691和美国专利GB-2169018，从水平和垂直长井中提取油、气的装置是公知的。这些已知的装置包括一钻有孔的引流管，引流管带有，例如：一个控制该管周围砂子的过滤器。用于在高渗透性地质结构层中油和/或气生产的公知装置的重大的缺点是由于管中流动摩擦的结果，引流管中的压力沿上游方向按指数规律增加。由于油、气田跟引流管之间的压差沿上游会减小，结果，自油、气田流入引流管的油和/或气的数量会相应减少。因此由这种装置生产的油和/或气总量是低的。在薄油层和高渗透性地质结构层的情况下，存在锥进的高度危险，即无用水或气体流入下游引流管，在下游、自油、气田到该管的油流速度是最大的。因此，为避免这种锥进，生产率必须进一步降低。
采用在挪威专利申请No.902544中叙述的stinger方法，可以达到比用上述公知方法所获得的具有稍高的生产率。它包括两根引流管：一根钻有孔的外管和一根不钻孔的内管(stinger)，内管伸入外管到所希望的位置。用stinger方法获得的压力分布和生产率比用其它公知方法获得的要好一点。然而，在具有高渗透性的薄油层中，用这种方法也可能出现无用水或气的锥进现象，从而使生产率下降。
从World Oil第212卷(No.11，11/91)第73-80页，可知将引流管分成具有一个或多个例如为滑套或扼流装置的流入节流装置的区段。然而，该对比文件主要涉及使用流入控制来限制仰孔区的流入率以及从而避免水和/或气的液面降低(锥度)。
对比文件WO-A-9208875描述了一种水平的产油管，其包括多个产油区段，产油区段由内径比产油区段大的混合室相连接。产油区段包括外部带槽衬里，该衬里可以被认为起过滤作用。然而，具有不同直径的区段系列会产生湍流并妨碍修井工具的运行。
钻探水平井的技术早在1920年已为人们所知，但今天有许多人认为它是先驱技术。由于过去廿年的工作，以谨慎有效的方式发展水平钻井的装置一直在继续进行中。目前的技术状态为钻探提供了高度安全性，而其价格大约高于垂直井的50％。然而，水平井生产3至4倍那么多，取决于油田的自然状态。
业已证明，水平井是从具有高渗透性薄油层地质结构层中提取石油的一种经济的必然性，在这种地质结构层中常发生无用水或气体的锥进。可以预料，在将来开采小的和经济的边缘油、气田方面水平井甚至更重要。
由于钻井技术的发展，也提高了对油田引流技术的要求。如上所述，目前的公知引流技术已不满足沿水平井控制自不同油层排出和喷入的解决方案。
本发明的目的是要改善上述解决方案中已知的引流管内的压力分布，通过采用限制油田和引流管外面环形空间之间压差的节流阀，从而改善沿着紧靠引流管外侧的油井的压力分布。
根据本发明的自油和/或气田中的油井内生产石油或天燃气的产油管包括一根低引流管，低引流管被分成具有一个或多个流入节流装置的至少两个区段，流入节流装置使引流管的流动空间与地质产油结构联通，其中在地质产油结构和所述至少一个节流装置之间提供一个过滤器，所述至少一个节流装置的入口同过滤器与引流管之间的环形空间联通，其特征在于，所述至少两个区段是连续的并且有恒定的内径，所述节流装置包括一个或多个流入腔道。流入腔道的长度、横截面和数目借助于螺丝形式的堵塞可被改变。
本发明的其它优点为流入节流装置是这样布置的，它们的入口跟地质产油结构层接触，即跟过滤器和排泄管之间的环形空间接触，而其出口跟排泄管的流动空间相接触；流入节流装置包括一个或多个流入腔道。
现在参照一个实施例和附图较详细地叙述本发明，其中：
图1表示经水平油井的垂直剖面，其中按本发明已装入一产油管；
图2以放大比例尺表示经图1所示引流管的横剖面，其中带有过滤器，流入节流装置和流入流体的环形空间；
图3以放大比例尺表示经图1所示引流管的剖面，其中具有另一种流入节流装置；
图4通过数学模拟的例子表示由本发明获得的沿引流管的压力分布和公知的技术解决方案相比。
如上所述，图1简明地表示经用于从油和/或气田中提取油或气的水平产油井(未详细表示)的本发明的引流管的垂直剖面，产油管1的较低部是水平引流管2，沿其长度，包括一个或多个区段3和一个或多个流入节流装置4，当地质产油结构层需要时的过滤器5，以及在各区段3之间的密封装置6，它们在引流管2和地质井结构之间形成密封。
图2和图3表示引流管2的流入节流装置4的两个实施例。流入节流装置的功能是通过使沿引流管整个长度并紧靠外侧的摩擦压力损失均衡来防止非控制流自油田流入引流管。流入节流装置是油田和引流管之间的唯一联系。
图2表示经图1所示引流管的纵剖面。流体经渗透性地质结构层流到控砂过滤器5，并经此流到环形空间7，然后，由于油田和引流管之间的压差，流向并流经如B-B剖面所示的流入节流装置，并进入引流管。
图3表示经具有另一种流入节流装置4的引流管的剖面。在此例中，流入节流装置4包抱一个形式上加厚的套或座9，它设有一个或多个流入腔道8，后者允许用一个或多个螺丝或堵塞10和11调节流入物。螺丝10表示处在流入腔道关闭的位置，而堵塞10表示处在流入腔道开启的位置。用此方法，采用延伸到所示腔道的长、短螺丝，使腔道的流通区长度，从而使流到各区段的引流管的油流能够改变。然而，代替采用长、短螺丝而使腔道保持开、闭，可以采用部分延伸到腔道的中间尺寸螺丝或调节销装置，它用来调节腔道的流通横截面。在引流管安装到油井内之前预调该螺丝是可取的，然而也可采用遥控驱动调节销或螺旋装置。
也可采用具有包围套的引流管的各区段纵向可调的直通槽或孔。
图4表示3条曲线，它们是本发明的压力分布和其它两公知解决方案的压力分布。该曲线表示数字模拟的结果。在y轴上，以巴为单位给出了油井和产油管的压力，或x轴上以米为单位给出了产油管的长度。
该图上，曲线A和B相应于公知解决方案，而曲线C相应于本发明。以顶部的直线表示油田压力。采用均衡分配流量到引流管可以获得对生产率最有利的沿同一结构层平坦且近乎水平的压力曲线。从而达到沿引流管的整个长度摩擦压力损失均衡。
这样获得了压力曲线C，它代表本发明，而曲线A和B是公知解决方案。
曲线A表示压力分布如何沿着具有约15厘米内径的连续穿孔产油管的上游方向随引流管的长度上升。
stinger法的曲线B具有一个平均低于曲线A的压力分布，但远至stinger管的入口有相同的形式，然而上升。
于是，总的效果是曲线B给出了沿引流管整个长度略高于曲线A的生产率。
代表本发明的曲线C给出了一个沿引流管整个长度稳定、水平且低的压力分布，因而是最有利的解决方案，并具是会导致最高生产率的方案。

Claims (2)

1.自油和/或气田中的油井内生产石油或天燃气的产油管(1)，其包括一根低引流管(2)，低引流管(2)被分成具有一个或多个流入节流装置(4)的至少两个区段(3)，流入节流装置(4)使引流管的流动空间与地质产油结构联通，其中在地质产油结构和所述至少一个节流装置之间提供一个过滤器(5)，所述至少一个节流装置的入口同过滤器(5)与引流管(2)之间的环形空间(7)联通，其特征在于，所述至少两个区段(3)是连续的并且有恒定的内径，所述节流装置包括一个或多个流入腔道(8)。
2.如权利要求1所述的产油管，其特征在于，流入腔道(8)的长度、横截面和数目借助于螺丝(10、11)形式的堵塞可被改变。
CN93117029A 1992-09-18 1993-09-15 从油或气田中生产石油或天然气的产油管 Expired - Lifetime CN1053255C (zh)

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NO19923628A NO306127B1 (no) 1992-09-18 1992-09-18 Fremgangsmate og produksjonsror for produksjon av olje eller gass fra et olje- eller gassreservoar

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BR (1) BR9303810A (zh)
CA (1) CA2105722C (zh)
DE (1) DE69327024T2 (zh)
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CA2105722C (en) 2004-11-02
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AU4497393A (en) 1994-03-24
US5435393A (en) 1995-07-25
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DE69327024T2 (de) 2000-06-29
CA2105722A1 (en) 1994-03-19
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