CN105305683B - Rotor for an electric machine - Google Patents
Rotor for an electric machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105305683B CN105305683B CN201510438418.5A CN201510438418A CN105305683B CN 105305683 B CN105305683 B CN 105305683B CN 201510438418 A CN201510438418 A CN 201510438418A CN 105305683 B CN105305683 B CN 105305683B
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- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- permanent magnet
- recess
- ferromagnetic structure
- ferromagnetic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
- H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a rotor (1) for an electrical machine, comprising a first permanent magnet (21) and a ferromagnetic structure (3) having a radially outer side (4), wherein the ferromagnetic structure (3) is designed to enclose at least a part of the first permanent magnet (21). According to the invention, a first intermediate region (81) of the ferromagnetic structure (3) is arranged between a lateral surface (6) of the first permanent magnet (21) facing away from the outer side (4) and a recess (42) of the ferromagnetic structure (3) that is radially more inward relative to the first permanent magnet (21), the recess (42) comprising a material having a lower magnetic permeability than the ferromagnetic structure (3).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rotor for an electrical machine, in particular for an electric motor, comprising a first permanent magnet and a ferromagnetic structure having a radially outer side, wherein the ferromagnetic structure is designed to enclose at least a part of the first permanent magnet.
Background
From the prior art, a number of possible embodiments of a rotor of an electric machine, in particular of an electric motor, are known. In particular, rotors are known from the prior art, which have Internal, i.e., arranged inside the rotor, permanent magnets (Internal permanent magnet rotor for short IPM).
An electric machine or a rotor with Internal Permanent Magnets (IPM) has not only a reluctance torque but also a torque formed by magnetic interaction between the poles of the stator of the electric machine and the internal permanent magnets.
A possible disadvantage of an electric machine having a rotor with internal permanent magnets is that the magnetic field of the permanent magnets is also present during no-load operation (idling) of the electric machine. The time-varying magnetic field of the permanent magnets relative to the stator induces a reverse voltage (reverse motor force; abbreviated as reverse EMK) in the windings of the stator, which reverse voltage counteracts the voltage applied at the windings of the stator. If the induced back EMK exceeds the applied voltage, a constant torque of the motor cannot be maintained as the rotational speed of the rotor increases.
In order to reduce the magnetic field of the permanent magnets, which couples in the rotor itself, air plugs can be provided inside the rotor of the electrical machine according to the prior art. Such air plugs are known, for example, from the publications DE 102008058347 a1 and DE 112010005756T 5.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is based on the object of improving the rotor of an electric machine.
The rotor for an electrical machine, in particular for an electric motor, according to the invention comprises a first permanent magnet and a ferromagnetic structure having a radially outer side, wherein the ferromagnetic structure is designed to enclose at least a part of the first permanent magnet. According to the invention, a first intermediate region of the ferromagnetic structure is provided between a lateral side of the first permanent magnet facing away from the outer side and a recess of the ferromagnetic structure radially further inward with respect to the first permanent magnet, wherein the recess comprises a material having a lower magnetic permeability than the ferromagnetic structure.
The direction is as follows: axial, radial and azimuthal (azimutl) are all about the axis of rotation of the rotor and constitute, as a whole, a cylindrical coordinate system (rotor coordinate system).
The rotor according to the invention can generally be placed in an electric motor, for example in an electric motor and/or generator of an electrically driven motor vehicle. In the following, the electrical machine is considered as an electrical machine comprising a rotor according to the invention.
The rotor according to the invention generates a reluctance torque by interaction with the magnetic field of the stator of the electrical machine by means of a ferromagnetic structure.
Additionally, the magnetic field of the permanent magnets further contributes to the torque of the electric machine comprising the rotor according to the invention.
According to the invention, a first intermediate region of the ferromagnetic structure is arranged radially between the recess having a lower magnetic permeability than the ferromagnetic structure and the lateral side of the first permanent magnet facing away from the outside of the rotor. This intermediate region is in particular ferromagnetic.
If the electrical machine comprising the rotor according to the invention is operated with a constant torque (armature control range) in the operating point of its power curve, the first intermediate region is magnetically saturated by the magnetic field of the stator. By magnetically saturating the first intermediate region and by making the recess have a very small magnetic permeability, the inductivity L of the d-axis of the rotord(d-axis inductance) decreases. By reducing the inductivity L of the d-axisdAdvantageously, the torque of the motor is enlarged. It is generally advantageous to achieve the smallest possible inductivity L of the d-axisdAnd to achieve an induction L of the q axis which is as large as possibleq(q-axis inductance). In other words, the torque of the motor increases when the numerical difference between the inductivity of the d-axis and the q-axis increases.
A further contribution to the torque of the electrical machine is the magnetic field of the first permanent magnet, which is at least partially surrounded by a ferromagnetic structure. The first permanent magnet can be arranged, for example, on the outside of the rotor (Machine for Surface-Mounted permanent magnets; SMPM for short) or inside a ferromagnetic structure (IPM).
Preferably, the motor comprises a plurality of permanent magnets. In this case, a region of the ferromagnetic structure is formed around the respective permanent magnet according to the first permanent magnet. In other words, the rotor has a plurality of first permanent magnets. The first permanent magnet or the plurality of permanent magnets can be enclosed by a ferromagnetic structure in a form-fitting, material-fitting and/or force-fitting manner.
By magnetically saturating the first ferromagnetic intermediate region, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet is weakened, thereby advantageously reducing the reverse EMK. Reducing the reverse EMK is advantageous in particular when the electric machine is operated without load.
If the reverse EMK is too large, the motor is run at constant power (Field adjustment range). Within the field regulation range, by applying a negative d current idApplied to the windings of the stator, the first ferromagnetic intermediate region can be demagnetized and saturated. By demagnetizing the first intermediate region, the magnetic field of the first permanent magnet is advantageously enlarged, so that the motor torque can be increased in the field control range.
Another advantage of the recess is that losses in the ferromagnetic structure are reduced, since the recess comprises a material which has a smaller magnetic permeability than the ferromagnetic structure and which is in particular not electrically conductive. Furthermore, the recess enables guidance or adjustment of the magnetic field or of the total magnetic field. In other words, the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field or of the total magnetic field can be oriented in a bundle by the recesses, so that the magnetic field is concentrated in the air gap between the stator and the rotor, whereby the torque of the electric machine can be further increased. Furthermore, the moment of inertia of the rotor can be reduced in an advantageous manner by the recess, in particular by a plurality of recesses. To this end, the recess comprises a material having a density which is less than the density of the ferromagnetic structure.
Preferably, the recess contains air as a material. In other words, the recess of the ferromagnetic structure is formed by an air-filled hollow chamber, i.e. by an air plug of the ferromagnetic structure.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least a part of the recess is arranged at the first side of the first permanent magnet.
The inductivity along the d-axis is thereby further reduced in an advantageous manner, so that the torque of the electric machine is further increased. Furthermore, the magnetic field of the first permanent magnet is aligned towards the air gap and bunched. Furthermore, a leakage magnetic field that causes losses and is not beneficial to the torque of the motor can be advantageously reduced.
In order to further improve the rotor, a further recess is preferably arranged at a second side of the permanent magnet opposite the first side.
Thereby further improving the efficiency and torque of the motor.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the recess extends along almost the entire lateral side of the first permanent magnet.
This results in an advantageous guidance or guidance of the magnetic field of the stator, which causes the reluctance torque, by the rotor or by the ferromagnetic structure of the rotor. The magnetic field of the stator is introduced into or discharged from the ferromagnetic structure substantially along the q-axis of the rotor and is guided within the ferromagnetic structure around the first permanent magnet by means of a recess extending along almost the entire lateral side of the first permanent magnet. Therefore, the inductivity of the q axis is increased, and the torque of the motor is further improved.
According to one advantageous embodiment, the rotor comprises a second permanent magnet which is at least partially enclosed by means of a ferromagnetic structure, wherein the first and second permanent magnets are arranged in a V-shape and a second intermediate region of the ferromagnetic structure is arranged in azimuth between the first and second permanent magnets.
In other words, the permanent magnets arranged in a V-shape constitute the V-shaped poles of the rotor. The magnetizations of the two permanent magnets are oriented in a conical manner toward one another, so that the magnetic fields generated by the permanent magnets are advantageously bundled or at least partially focused in the air gap of the electric machine by means of the V-shaped arrangement. In other words, the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet are concentrated in the air gap. Furthermore, a greater width of the magnetic poles is advantageously achieved by this V-shaped arrangement, so that the magnetic field in the air gap is further increased.
The V-shaped arrangement of the two permanent magnets is seen in particular from an axial sectional view of the rotor. The V-shaped arrangement of the two permanent magnets is, for example, an arrangement which corresponds substantially in axial section of the rotor to the geometry of the letter V, wherein the two legs of the letter V are formed by means of the permanent magnets. In contrast to the geometry of the letter V, no direct connection of the legs (first and second permanent magnets) is provided, but a second intermediate region of ferromagnetic structure is provided between the first and second permanent magnets in azimuth. This enables the second intermediate region to be magnetically saturated, thereby further reducing the d-axis inductivity. Advantageously, the torque of the electric machine is thereby further increased.
Preferably, the second intermediate region is rectangular and has an aspect ratio greater than two.
The magnetic saturation of the second intermediate region is thus already achieved by the comparatively weak magnetic field.
In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the recess is L-shaped.
In other words, the recess has almost the geometry of the letter L in an axial section of the rotor. In an advantageous manner, the longer leg of the recess extends along the first lateral side of the first permanent magnet and the shorter leg extends along the first lateral side of the first permanent magnet.
According to an advantageous further development of the invention, the first ferromagnetic intermediate region is wedge-shaped and/or triangular.
In an axial section of the rotor, the first ferromagnetic intermediate region has a triangular geometry. The magnetic field lines of the magnetic field of the first permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet or the plurality of permanent magnets, in particular of adjacent permanent magnets, are thereby advantageously improved. In particular, the radial penetration depth of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet into the ferromagnetic structure is reduced.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first and/or the second permanent magnet is/are designed as a Halbach Array (Halbach-Array).
The advantage of the halbach array is based on the fact that the magnetic field extends substantially in the air gap radially between the stator and the rotor. For example, a halbach array can be formed by a plurality of individual permanent magnets, so that the magnetic field in the radially inward direction (inside the rotor) is weakened by the special arrangement of the individual permanent magnets, while it is strengthened and/or concentrated in the air gap (outside the rotor). By weakening the magnetic field inside the rotor, losses due to eddy currents in the rotor or inside the ferromagnetic structure are reduced. Furthermore, the electric machine is provided with a higher torque and an increased power density by an increased and/or concentrated magnetic field in the air gap. In general, it is even possible to dispense with a conventional yoke, thereby further reducing the moment of inertia of the rotor.
In IPMs known from the prior art, the magnetic field can be approximately rectangular in the air gap. The sharply formed edges of the rectangle result in a higher harmonic share. By using halbach arrays, these steep edges are smoothed, so that an almost sine-or cosine-like and thus spatially harmonious course of the magnetic field in the gap is achieved.
According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the rotor has a plum blossom-shaped (rosette tententigen) ferromagnetic structure, which is formed by a plurality of radially extending, cylindrical ferromagnetic substructures, wherein the cylindrical substructures are arranged in an azimuthally uniform manner around the rotational axis of the rotor, each have a recess and each have at least one further recess between two adjacent cylindrical substructures.
The quincunx-shaped design of the ferromagnetic structure is shown here in an axial section of the ferromagnetic structure or of the rotor. By the special quincuncial design of the ferromagnetic structure, a plurality of recesses are realized, thereby reducing the moment of inertia of the rotor. The permanent magnets of the rotor are radially fixed by means of a cylindrical substructure. In addition, the quincunx ferromagnetic structure is similar in its geometric construction to a window of a building (Fensterrose). The cylindrical partial structure extends from a radially inner region of the rotor to a radially outer region of the rotor. For example, they are arranged uniformly in azimuth around the radially inner shaft of the rotor and are fixed or fixed in a torque-fitting manner at the shaft.
Furthermore, the guidance of the magnetic field or the total magnetic field can be optimized by means of various quincunx designs in accordance with the design of the ferromagnetic structure. Thus, the quincunx ferromagnetic structure synergistically combines mechanical and electromagnetic advantages. Drawings
Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the examples described below and from the figures. In which is shown:
FIG. 1 is a schematic axial cross-section of a rotor of an electric machine having an annular ferromagnetic structure, wherein the structure encloses a plurality of adjacent permanent magnets and the structure has a plurality of recesses;
fig. 2 is a schematic axial cross-section of a rotor of an electric machine with a plum blossom-shaped ferromagnetic structure; and
fig. 3 is a schematic axial section through a rotor section of a rotor of an electrical machine.
Identical or equivalent elements can be provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.
Detailed Description
The direction is as follows: the axial direction 100, the radial direction 101 and the azimuth 106 are always relative to the axis of rotation 100 of the rotor 1 and form a cylindrical coordinate system (rotor coordinate system) as a whole.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic axial section through a rotor 1 of an electric machine, not shown, with an annular ferromagnetic structure 3. The ferromagnetic structure 3 can be configured in the form of a plate and comprises a plurality of azimuthally adjacent permanent magnets 21, 22, wherein a first permanent magnet 21 and a second permanent magnet 22 each form a magnetic pole 24 of the rotor 1. The permanent magnets 21, 22 are partially enclosed by the ferromagnetic structure 3 in a form-fitting manner, a material-fitting manner and/or a force-connecting manner. Furthermore, the ferromagnetic structure 3 of the rotor 1 has a plurality of recesses 42, which recesses 42 are configured as air plugs 42. In order to improve the mechanical stability, the corners and/or edges of the recess 42 or of the air plug 42 can be rounded. The rotor 1 can be constructed from a plurality of sheet-like bodies stacked axially according to the embodiment shown in fig. 1.
Furthermore, in order to reduce eddy currents, the rotor 1 can be free of magnetic intermediate layers in the axial direction 100.
The rotor 1 shown in fig. 1 has eight poles 24 of identical form. The number of the magnetic poles 24 can be adjusted according to purposes. The permanent magnets 21, 22 of the pole 24 are almost completely surrounded by the ferromagnetic structure 3 and are arranged V-shaped in the axial section shown.
The first permanent magnet 21 of the pole 24 is exemplarily observed below.
A first ferromagnetic intermediate region 81 of the ferromagnetic structure 3 is arranged between the lateral side 6 of the first permanent magnet 21 and the recess 42. The first ferromagnetic intermediate region 81 is triangular in configuration. Furthermore, the lateral side 6 of the first permanent magnet 21 faces away from the outer side 4 of the rotor 1. In other words, the first ferromagnetic intermediate region 81 is situated radially between the radially inner lateral side 6 of the first permanent magnet 21 and the recess 42. Furthermore, the recess 42 extends along almost the entire lateral side 6 of the first permanent magnet 21.
At least one portion 421 of the recess 42 is arranged at the first side 5 of the first permanent magnet 21. In other words, the recess 42 has the shape of an L, wherein the short leg of the L is arranged directly at the first permanent magnet 21 at the first side 5 and the long leg of the L extends over almost the entire lateral side 6 of the first permanent magnet 21. The short leg of the L extends almost radially, while the long leg of the L extends substantially azimuthally.
A further recess 43 is connected to the second side 7 of the first permanent magnet 21. The recesses 42, 43 are in this case designed as hollow chambers in the ferromagnetic structure 3, so that the recess 42 and the further recess 43 are filled with air. The moment of inertia of the rotor 1 is thereby improved.
If the embodiment of the arrangement mentioned is mirror-symmetrical at the d-axis 103 of the rotor 1, the arrangement of the second permanent magnet 22, and the corresponding arrangement and design of the recesses 42, 43, follows from what has been mentioned for the first permanent magnet 21. Thus, for example, two short legs of the respective L-shaped recess 42 are azimuthally opposite one another. The d-axis 103 of the rotor 1 extends in the radial direction and passes almost azimuthally centrally through the magnetic poles 24. It should be noted that the rotor 1 has a plurality of d-axes 103 and q-axes 102, which are subordinated to the respective poles 24.
By means of the recesses 42, 43, a magnetic field (flux density) with exemplary magnetic field lines 104 is guided inside the ferromagnetic structure 3 of the rotor 1, which magnetic field is induced by the permanent magnets 21, 22. In particular, the first ferromagnetic intermediate region 81 is magnetically saturated due to the magnetic field of the first and/or second permanent magnet 21. The magnetic saturation of the first ferromagnetic intermediate region 81 reduces the inductivity of the d-axis of the rotor 1 (d-axis inductance) and thus increases the torque of the electric machine comprising the rotor 1.
Based on the ferromagnetic structure 3, the rotor 1 interacts magnetically or electromagnetically with the magnetic field of the stator, not shown, and a reluctance torque is generated. The magnetic field dependent reluctance torque is shown by an exemplary spatial walk of the magnetic field lines 105. The magnetic field of the stator enters and/or exits the ferromagnetic structure 3 substantially along the q-axis 102 of the rotor 1.
An elongated, rectangular second ferromagnetic intermediate region 82 of the ferromagnetic structure 3 is arranged in azimuth between two adjacent recesses 42. By the thinner, oriented design of the second intermediate region 82, the inductance of the d-axis 103 of the rotor 1 is further reduced, so that the torque of the electric machine can be further increased to a corresponding extent.
If the electric machine comprising the rotor 1 is operated with a constant torque, i.e. within the armature adjustment range, the first and second ferromagnetic intermediate regions 81, 82 of the ferromagnetic structure 3 are magnetically saturated, so that the inductivity of the d-axis 103 is reduced in relation to the inductivity of the q-axis 102 as a whole. In other words, the rotor 1 shown in fig. 1 achieves an increase in the difference in value between the inductivity of the d-axis 103 and the q-axis 103, so that the torque of the electric machine is increased in the armature adjustment range.
If the voltage induced inside the windings of the stator by the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 21, 22 (opposing motor forces) is too high, in particular in the unloaded operating state, the motor no longer operates with constant torque but with constant power (field regulation range). Within the field regulation range, it is advantageous to induce a negative d-current into the windings of the stator. Thereby weakening the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 21, 22 of the rotor 1. By the mentioned weakening of the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 21, 22, the reverse EMK is reduced, which is advantageous in particular when the machine is in unloaded operation.
A further advantage of the rotor 1 shown is that at least the first ferromagnetic intermediate region 81 of the rotor 1 is demagnetized and saturated by means of the negative d-current and the resulting reduction or weakening of the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 21, 22 when the electric machine is operated under load. The torque of the electric machine can thereby be increased in the field control range, since the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 21, 22 contributes to the torque increase.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic axial section through a rotor 1 of an electric machine with a plum blossom-shaped ferromagnetic structure 3. The rotor 1 has a plurality of permanent magnets 21, 22, wherein the magnetic poles 24 of the rotor 1 are formed by the first and second permanent magnets 21, 22. Overall, the rotor 1 in fig. 2 has twelve poles 24 of the same type. The number of magnetic poles 24 can vary depending on the field of application.
The plum blossom-shaped ferromagnetic structure 3 of the rotor 1 is formed by a plurality of radially extending cylindrical ferromagnetic substructures 30. Here, the substructures 30 each have a recess 42.
Inside the pole 24, the recess 42 is configured in the embodiment shown as triangular, wherein the radially outer elongate side of the triangular recess 42 lies radially below the permanent magnets 21, 22 and extends azimuthally along the lateral side 6 of the permanent magnets 21, 22. Furthermore, the first ferromagnetic intermediate region 81 of the ferromagnetic structure 3 is located radially between the recess 42 and the first and second permanent magnets 21, 22. A second ferromagnetic intermediate region 82 is arranged azimuthally between the first and second permanent magnets 21, 22.
Furthermore, by means of the uniform azimuthal arrangement of the cylindrical partial structures 30, a further recess 43 is also formed, so that a quincunx formation of the rotor 1 is achieved. The cylindrical substructures 30 are designed and arranged in such a way that a pattern conforming to the form of a window is produced in the axial section. It has a plurality of arches, wherein the arches are arranged azimuthally around the axis of rotation 100 of the rotor 1 or of the motor. In general, several quincunx designs of the ferromagnetic structure 3 can be envisaged for optimizing the rotor 1, which are adapted to the requirements of mechanical loading and electromagnetic properties.
The rotor 1 has a circular opening arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation 100, which makes it possible to fix the cylindrical substructure 30 and thus the rotor 1 as a whole to the shaft of the electrical machine. In this case, it is expedient in particular to fix or fasten the rotor 1 in a torque-fit manner on a shaft, not shown.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic axial section through a rotor section 25 of a further rotor 1 of an electric machine. The illustrated rotor segment 25 has at least one first permanent magnet 21 and a recess 42. As already shown in the previous figures, a second permanent magnet 22 can be provided. The recess 42 of the ferromagnetic structure 3 of the rotor section 25 is configured as an air plug 42. A first ferromagnetic intermediate region 81 of the ferromagnetic structure 3 is arranged radially between the radially inner lateral side 6 of the permanent magnet 21 and the recess 42.
In addition to fig. 1 and/or 2, the rotor segment 25 in fig. 3 has a connecting portion (stem) 50, which connecting portion 50 is formed as part of the ferromagnetic structure 3 and divides the recess 42 into two partial regions in an azimuthal manner. Here, the connection 50 extends substantially in the radial direction 101. The connection 50 can be provided for mechanically stabilizing the shown rotor section 25. Furthermore, a corresponding connection 50 can be provided for the rotor 1 shown in fig. 1 and/or 2.
By means of the rotor 1 shown in the figures, magnetic flux paths (exemplarily shown by the magnetic field lines 104, 105) with different magnetic permeability are realized, thereby increasing the reluctance torque and reducing the inductivity of the d-axis 103. Furthermore, the magnetic field of the permanent magnets 21, 22 is adapted, controlled and/or regulated by means of the first intermediate region 81 and by controlling the d-current and/or the q-current inside the windings of the stator. The d-current and/or the q-current can be adapted to the required torque, speed and voltage level of the electric machine. Furthermore, for example, due to the quincunx-shaped design of the rotor 1 or of the ferromagnetic structure 3, the moment of inertia of the rotor 1 can be reduced, thereby increasing the motor output. Furthermore, the manufacture of the rotor 1 using various known manufacturing methods is achieved.
Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by means of preferred embodiments, it is not limited to the disclosed examples, from which a person skilled in the art can derive other variants without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. Rotor (1) for an electrical machine, comprising a first permanent magnet (21) and a ferromagnetic structure (3) having a radially outer side (4), wherein the ferromagnetic structure (3) is designed to enclose at least a part of the first permanent magnet (21), characterized in that a first intermediate region (81) of the ferromagnetic structure (3) is provided between a lateral side (6) of the first permanent magnet (21) facing away from the outer side (4) and a recess (42) of the ferromagnetic structure (3) radially more inwardly with respect to the first permanent magnet (21), and the recess (42) comprises a material having a lower magnetic permeability than the ferromagnetic structure (3), wherein the recess (42) extends along almost the entire lateral side (6) of the first permanent magnet (21), at least one portion (421) of the recess (42) is arranged at a first lateral side (5) of the first permanent magnet (21).
2. A rotor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess (42) comprises air as material.
3. Rotor (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a further recess (43) is arranged at a second lateral side (7) of the first permanent magnet (21) opposite to the first lateral side (5).
4. Rotor (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that there is a second permanent magnet (22) at least partially enclosed by the ferromagnetic structure (3), wherein the first permanent magnet (21) and the second permanent magnet (22) are arranged V-shaped and a second intermediate region (82) of the ferromagnetic structure (3) is provided azimuthally between the first permanent magnet (21) and the second permanent magnet (22).
5. The rotor (1) according to claim 4, characterised in that the second intermediate region (82) is configured rectangular and has an aspect ratio greater than two.
6. The rotor (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the recess (42) is configured in an L-shape.
7. Rotor (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ferromagnetic first intermediate region (81) is configured in a wedge or triangle shape.
8. Rotor (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the first permanent magnet (21) and/or the second permanent magnet (22) are configured as a Halbach array.
9. Rotor (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a quincunx-shaped ferromagnetic structure (3) which is formed by a plurality of radially extending cylindrical ferromagnetic substructures (30), wherein the cylindrical substructures (30) are distributed uniformly in azimuth around the axis of rotation (100) of the rotor (1), each have a recess (42) and each have at least one further recess (43) between two adjacent cylindrical substructures (30).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014214469.8A DE102014214469A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2014-07-24 | Rotor for an electric machine |
| DE102014214469.8 | 2014-07-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105305683A CN105305683A (en) | 2016-02-03 |
| CN105305683B true CN105305683B (en) | 2020-05-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201510438418.5A Active CN105305683B (en) | 2014-07-24 | 2015-07-23 | Rotor for an electric machine |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN105305683B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102014214469A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111463938A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-07-28 | 合肥工业大学 | Method for reducing magnetic flux leakage in rotor of low-speed high-torque permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| DE102020115286A1 (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-12-09 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Electric motor with pockets for holding magnets |
| DE102021100867A1 (en) | 2021-01-18 | 2021-10-14 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Rotor for a synchronous machine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2062486A1 (en) * | 1970-12-18 | 1972-07-06 | Siemens Ag | Permanently excited electrical machine |
| CN102510149A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-06-20 | 苏州大学 | Motor rotor |
| CN103339831A (en) * | 2011-02-03 | 2013-10-02 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Rotor for electric machine |
| CN103715852A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-09 | 铃木株式会社 | IPM electric rotating machine |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8138651B2 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2012-03-20 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Methods and apparatus for a permanent magnet machine with an added air barrier |
| JP5382222B2 (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2014-01-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Rotor and IPM motor |
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2014
- 2014-07-24 DE DE102014214469.8A patent/DE102014214469A1/en active Pending
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2015
- 2015-07-23 CN CN201510438418.5A patent/CN105305683B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2062486A1 (en) * | 1970-12-18 | 1972-07-06 | Siemens Ag | Permanently excited electrical machine |
| CN103339831A (en) * | 2011-02-03 | 2013-10-02 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Rotor for electric machine |
| CN102510149A (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-06-20 | 苏州大学 | Motor rotor |
| CN103715852A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-09 | 铃木株式会社 | IPM electric rotating machine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102014214469A1 (en) | 2016-01-28 |
| CN105305683A (en) | 2016-02-03 |
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