CN105301554A - Electric energy metering loop high precision data synchronous sampling device and method - Google Patents
Electric energy metering loop high precision data synchronous sampling device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Provided is an electric energy metering loop high precision data synchronous sampling device, comprising a voltage transformation mutual inductor, a current transformation mutual inductor, a first filter, a second filter, a first A/D converter, a second A/D converter, a reference module, a processing module and a constant temperature crystal oscillator. The device has a gross error within 0.0193%, and meets the high precision sampling requirement for gateway stoichiometric point secondary circuit voltage and current; in addition, in cooperation with a digital electric energy meter check meter, the device can verify a gateway electric energy meter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement loop sampling with high precision device and method, particularly a kind of sampling with high precision for transformer station's metering secondary voltage, current data.
Background technology
Electric Energy Tariff Point Metering Device is the metering outfit for electricity consumption both sides trade settlement, and the electricity of concluding the business due to important critical point is very large, and therefore the kinematic error of Electric Energy Tariff Point Metering Device seems particularly important.According to the requirement of industry standard DL/T448--2000 " Electric Energy Metering Technology management regulation ", the trade settlement electric energy meter field test at least every 3 months of generating online, important electric energy tariff point installation such as trans-regional transmission of electricity, transprovincially transmission of electricity, large user etc. 1 time.And field test equipment precision must exceed 2 grades than the precision of situ metrology device.The precision of important gate energy meter is 0.2S, and therefore field test equipment precision must higher than 0.05 grade, and current sampling apparatus and method cannot reach this accuracy requirement completely.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of electric energy metrical loop high accuracy data synchronized sampling unit, and it can realize high accuracy data synchronized sampling.
This object of the present invention is realized by such technical scheme, it includes voltage transformation mutual inductor, current transformation mutual inductor, first wave filter, second wave filter, first A/D converter, second A/D converter, base modules, processing module and constant-temperature crystal oscillator, voltage changer is electrically connected with the first A/D converter by the first wave filter, first A/D converter is electrically connected with processing module, current transformation mutual inductor is electrically connected with the second A/D converter by the second wave filter, second A/D converter is electrically connected with processing module, base modules is electrically connected with the first A/D converter and the second A/D converter respectively, constant-temperature crystal oscillator is electrically connected with processing module.
Further, voltage transformation mutual inductor adopts Zero flux mutual inductor, and rated primary voltage 57.7V ~ 500V, pull-up resistor >=20k Ω, no-load voltage ratio is 100V:2.5V or 57.7V:2.5V, and accuracy class is more than or equal to 0.005 grade.
Further, current transformation mutual inductor adopts closed type mutual inductor, and series connection access primary current secondary circuit to be measured, rated primary current: 1A, 5A, pull-up resistor: 50 Ω, no-load voltage ratio is 5A:5mA, and accuracy class is more than or equal to 0.005 grade.
Further, the first wave filter and the second wave filter adopt cutoff frequency to be the RC low-pass filter of 5kHz, difference channel and current potential Circuit tuning.
Further, the first A/D converter and the second A/D converter select 24 high-speed chips, and switching rate is 200ksps, i.e. 5 microseconds, incoming level ± 5V, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) 92dB, error code rate ± 1LSB, and quantization error is 2.5V/2
24, i.e. 1.5x10
-7, the global error of A/D converter is less than or equal to 0.002%.
Further, base modules is external benchmark, and base modules is with calibration cell, and temperature drift coefficient is 0.5PPM, and work between-15 DEG C-55 DEG C, temperature span is 60, causes the drift of reference voltage 0.5*60=30PPM, and error is 0.0003%.
Further, the technical indicator of constant-temperature crystal oscillator is:
Short-term stability is better than ± 1x10
-8
Export accuracy ± 8x10
-7
8 hours variation ± 5x10
-8
Start shooting 30 minutes preheating time.
Another object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of electric energy metrical loop high accuracy data synchronous sampling method, and data sampling errors can control within 0.0193% by it, realizes high accuracy data synchronized sampling.
This object of the present invention is realized by such technical scheme, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) by voltage transformer (VT) summation current transformer, the signal of circuit under test is converted to the signal of satisfied first A/D converter and the second A/D converter sampling request;
2) to step 1) in process after signal, carry out filtering process;
3) base modules provides reference voltage for the first A/D converter and the second A/D converter, constant-temperature crystal oscillator by processing module for the first A/D converter and the second A/D converter provide sampling clock, first A/D converter and the second A/D converter are to step 2) signal after process carries out A/D conversion, and is sent to processing module by the mode of serial;
4) processing module is to step 3) signal that sends carries out data processing, completes synchronal data sampling.
Further, step 1) to step 4) in reduce shake concrete grammar be:
A) use step-by-step switch method, sinusoidal clock signal produces the clock signal being similar to square wave after step-by-step switch;
B) additional gate circuit is squared sinusoidal clock signal as comparer;
C) clock source with the low jitter that square wave exports is adopted;
D) outside adds the shake that bandpass filter can eliminate clock signal.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, the present invention has following advantage:
The 100V/57.7V voltage signal that the present invention converts mutual inductor by signal voltage, traditional mutual inductor exports by current transformation mutual inductor, 5A/1A current signal convert the voltage signal meeting A/D sampling request to, high-frequency interferencing signal filters by device after filtering, convert thereof into digital signal by A/D converter again, and be sent to processing unit eventually through serial mode.Base modules provides a high-precision voltage reference to A/D converter, and constant-temperature crystal oscillator provides a high-precision sampling clock to A/D converter.What affect sampling precision has power pack: 0.005%; Voltage changer: 0.005%; A/D converter: 0.002%; Clocking error: 0.002%; Fiducial error: 0.0003%; Other uncertain errors: 0.005%, total error of the present invention, within 0.0193%, meets the sampling with high precision to electric energy tariff point secondary circuit voltage and electric current, adds digitalized electrical energy meter tester, can realize the verifying function to gate energy meter.
Other advantages of the present invention, target and feature will be set forth to a certain extent in the following description, and to a certain extent, based on will be apparent to those skilled in the art to investigating hereafter, or can be instructed from the practice of the present invention.Target of the present invention and other advantages can be realized by instructions below and claims and be obtained.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing of the present invention is described as follows.
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is using state schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is voltage transformer (VT) fundamental diagram;
Fig. 4 is operation of current transformers schematic diagram;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Device of the present invention is installed on the ammeter screen cabinet back side of stoichiometric point, sampling with high precision is done to the voltage and current of metering secondary, digitalized electrical energy meter tester is placed near measuring screen cabinet, the digitized voltage current signal of access sampling with high precision device and the pulse signal of electric energy meter, realize the verifying function of electric energy meter.
A kind of electric energy metrical loop high accuracy data synchronized sampling unit, is made up of voltage transformation mutual inductor, current transformation mutual inductor, the first wave filter, the second wave filter, the first A/D converter, the second A/D converter, base modules, constant-temperature crystal oscillator and processing module.Its basic functional principle is that 100V/57.7V voltage signal, the 5A/1A current signal exported by traditional mutual inductor by voltage transformation mutual inductor and current transformation mutual inductor converts the voltage signal meeting A/D sampling request to, through the first and second wave filters, high-frequency interferencing signal is filtered, convert thereof into digital signal by the first and second A/D converters again, and be sent to processing unit eventually through serial mode.Base modules provides a high-precision voltage reference to the first and second A/D converters, and constant-temperature crystal oscillator provides a high-precision sampling clock to A/D converter.
Voltage transformation mutual inductor, the 100V/57.7V voltage signal exported by traditional mutual inductor converts the voltage signal meeting A/D sampling request to, realizes high precision conversion.Voltage transformer (VT) translation circuit is adopted to change.Select the Zero flux mutual inductor of customization, rated primary voltage: 57.7 ~ 500V, pull-up resistor: >=20k Ω, no-load voltage ratio is 100V:2.5V or 57.7V:2.5V, and accuracy class can accomplish 0.005 grade.
Current transformation mutual inductor, the 5A/1A current signal exported by traditional mutual inductor converts the voltage signal meeting A/D sampling request to, realizes high precision conversion.Adopt current transformer translation circuit to change, select closed type mutual inductor, access primary current of need connecting secondary circuit, rated primary current: 1A, 5A, pull-up resistor: 50 Ω, no-load voltage ratio is 5A:5mA, and accuracy class can accomplish 0.005 grade.Some standard scale voltage and current signal adopts resistance sampling, circuit design easily realizes, but by the impact of metallic property.So, after long-term big current and hot operation, resistance can change gradually, make long-term variation of resistance sampling occur a kind of trend of increase, and the advantage of mutual inductor sample is guaranteed in linear zone work long-time stability.
First wave filter and the second wave filter, consider the test of 64 subharmonic parameters, and target bandwidth is 45Hz-3.2kHz, and echo signal needed to carry out low-pass filtering treatment before entering the first and second A/D converters.Its effect filters out high-frequency interferencing signal, prevents aliasing effect.Employing hardware low pass filter realizes, and uses the RC wave filter that a cutoff frequency is 5kHz.Aliasing is a kind of defect that all sampling systems all exist, and aliasing refers to that the frequency content in A/D input signal appears in the sampled signal of frequency lower than sampling rate half.Frequency content higher than sample frequency 512kHz half is mirrored or goes back to below 512kHz.Can there is this situation in the A/D of all frameworks.Only have the frequency shifts near sample frequency 2MHz in target metering frequency range 45Hz to 3.2kHz. prevent target frequency bands from occurring distortion in order to attenuating high frequency noise, must low-pass filter be introduced.For conventional current mutual inductor, use the RC wave filter that a cutoff frequency is 5kHz, thus obtain sufficiently high decay when sample frequency is 2MHz.The fade performance of this wave filter is 20dB/ ten octave, is enough to the aliasing effect eliminating conventional current mutual inductor.
First A/D converter and the second A/D converter, the design of A/D converter is the very crucial step of the program, and it directly affects the stability, the linearity and the noise level that gather.When using A/D converter, in order to obtain higher precision, should adopt suitable sample frequency, meanwhile, in 1 cycle, the distribution of sampled point should be average.The essence of A/D conversion compares the size of analog voltage and reference voltage, then determines to compare position.The error that only in this way A/D converter transformation result produces just can be little.
First A/D converter and the second A/D converter have selected 24 high-speed chips, and its technical indicator is: switching rate is 200ksps, i.e. 5 microseconds, incoming level ± 5V, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) 92dB, error code rate ± 1LSB, and quantization error is 2.5V/2
24, i.e. 1.5x10
-7, add other factors, global error is no more than 0.002%.Input signal is converted to the sequential serial stream be made up of 1 and 0 by the modulator in the first and second A/D converters with certain speed, its medium-rate is determined by sampling clock.Sampling clock selects 2MHz.For any given input value, the output data of 1 A/D in a sampling interval are almost meaningless.Only have and great amount of samples is averaged, just can obtain significant result.This averaging operation is at the Part II of A/D---performs in wave digital lowpass filter.By asking for the mean value of a large amount of that modulator exports, wave digital lowpass filter produces 24 bit data word proportional with incoming signal level.The present invention adopts 6 tunnels independently 24 A/D method of simultaneously sampling.Employing differential signal inputs, and effectively suppresses common mode interference, and adds wave digital lowpass filter at output terminal, filtering high frequency interference.6 paths are changed respectively by respective A/D converter, and this use independent A/D sampling, makes each Channel Synchronous sample, both can improve the sampling precision of each passage, it also avoid common-use tunnel and the error that causes.
A/D converter utilizes two kinds of methods to realize high resolving power from 1 switch technology.First method is exactly over-sampling.Over-sampling means more high than target bandwidth times of the sample frequency of signal.Sampling rate of the present invention is 2MHz, and target bandwidth is 45Hz to 3.2kHz.Over-sampling has effect quantizing noise being interspersed among more wide bandwidth.By being more sparsely distributed to by noise in wider bandwidth, the quantizing noise in target frequency bands can decrease.But, oversampling technique is only adopted to be not sufficient to the signal to noise ratio snr improved in target frequency bands.Such as, just to allowing SNR increase 6dB, over-sampling coefficient just needs to reach 4.In order to over-sampling rate is controlled in the reasonable scope, just need to carry out shaping to quantizing noise, thus make most of noise be arranged in upper frequency.In A/D converter, noise carries out shaping by integrator, and this integrator has high pass response to quantizing noise.Namely this be for realizing high-resolution second method.By this method, make most of noise all be arranged in upper frequency, and then can be removed by wave digital lowpass filter.During simulating signal converting digital discrete signal, A/D converter can bring quantization error.The figure place of A/D converter is fewer, and the difference between adjacent quantization class will be larger, and therefore quantization error is larger, and its input-output characteristic is also very large on sample circuit impact simultaneously.In order to make A/D converter sample circuit reduce the impact of measuring circuit, the input impedance of A/D converter circuit should be improved.
One of key of design A/D circuit is the benchmark how choosing A/D, and resolves high-frequency digital signal a large amount of switching noises produced in the transmission to the impact of benchmark.Current integrated A/D chip is all with benchmark in sheet, but in sheet, the temperature stability of benchmark is poor, is unsuitable for sampling with high precision.The key index of benchmark is temperature drift coefficient, and the outside reference temperature drift coefficient that the present invention adopts is 0.5PPM, and work between-15 DEG C-55 DEG C, temperature span is 60, therefore, can cause the drift of reference voltage 0.5*60=30PPM, thus bring the error of 0.0003%.
Processing module receives the data after A/D converter conversion and processes, and becomes sample values, is supplied to digitalized electrical energy meter tester, realize the verification to on-the-spot gate energy meter according to digital transformer substation IEC61850-9-2 protocol conversion.Meanwhile, the sampling clock of a standard is provided to A/D converter.
The object of constant-temperature crystal oscillator provides a high-precision sampling clock to A/D converter.This programme uses the clock reference of 10MHz constant temperature quartz crystal oscillator module as standard of high precision, high stability, through the inner frequency dividing circuit of processing module, is supplied to A/D converter and uses.
The technical indicator of constant-temperature crystal oscillator is:
Short-term stability is better than ± 1x10
-8
Export accuracy ± 8x10
-7
8 hours variation ± 5x10
-8
Start shooting 30 minutes preheating time.
Sampling clock is the fundamental of A/D translation circuit, and the shake of sampling clock is a short-term, non-accumulation variable, the actual timing position of representative digit signal and the time deviation of its ideal position.Clock jitter can make the internal circuit of A/D trigger the sampling time mistakenly, and result causes the mistake sampling of analog input signal in amplitude, thus worsens the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of A/D, and the impact of shake on high speed, high-precision A/D performance of sampling clock is also very important.Reduce clock jitter, key is the edge slope improving clock signal, produces the clock signal being similar to square wave.The present invention reduces clock jitter from the following aspects:
1, use step-by-step switch method, sinusoidal clock signal produces the clock signal being similar to square wave after step-by-step switch;
2, additional gate circuit is squared sinusoidal clock signal as comparer;
3, a clock source with the low jitter that square wave exports is adopted;
4, outside adds the shake that bandpass filter can eliminate clock signal, but the amplitude attenuation of wave filter reduces the amplitude of clock, reduces edge slope, increases the impact of clock jitter.So need to add that before wave filter amplifier is to reduce this trend.
In sum, what affect program precision has power pack: 0.005%; Voltage changer: 0.005%; A/D converter: 0.002%; Clocking error: 0.002%; Fiducial error: 0.0003%; Other errors: 0.005%, system total error is 0.0193%, can reach 0.02%, so can reach our design object.Meet the sampling with high precision to stoichiometric point secondary circuit voltage and electric current completely, add digitalized electrical energy meter tester, the verifying function to electric energy meter can be realized.
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from aim and the scope of the technical program, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. an electric energy metrical loop high accuracy data synchronized sampling unit, it is characterized in that: described device includes voltage transformation mutual inductor, current transformation mutual inductor, first wave filter, second wave filter, first A/D converter, second A/D converter, base modules, processing module and constant-temperature crystal oscillator, voltage changer is electrically connected with the first A/D converter by the first wave filter, first A/D converter is electrically connected with processing module, current transformation mutual inductor is electrically connected with the second A/D converter by the second wave filter, second A/D converter is electrically connected with processing module, base modules is electrically connected with the first A/D converter and the second A/D converter respectively, constant-temperature crystal oscillator is electrically connected with processing module.
2. electric energy metrical loop as claimed in claim 1 high accuracy data synchronized sampling unit, it is characterized in that: voltage transformation mutual inductor adopts Zero flux mutual inductor, rated primary voltage 57.7V ~ 500V, pull-up resistor >=20k Ω, no-load voltage ratio is 100V:2.5V or 57.7V:2.5V, and accuracy class is more than or equal to 0.005 grade.
3. electric energy metrical loop as claimed in claim 1 high accuracy data synchronized sampling unit, it is characterized in that: current transformation mutual inductor adopts closed type mutual inductor, series connection access primary current secondary circuit to be measured, rated primary current: 1A, 5A, pull-up resistor: 50 Ω, no-load voltage ratio is 5A:5mA, and accuracy class is more than or equal to 0.005 grade.
4. electric energy metrical loop as claimed in claim 1 high accuracy data synchronized sampling unit, is characterized in that: the first wave filter and the second wave filter adopt cutoff frequency to be the RC low-pass filter of 5kHz, difference channel and current potential Circuit tuning.
5. electric energy metrical loop as claimed in claim 1 high accuracy data synchronized sampling unit, it is characterized in that: the first A/D converter and the second A/D converter select 24 high-speed chips, switching rate is 200ksps, i.e. 5 microseconds, incoming level ± 5V, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) 92dB, error code rate ± 1LSB, quantization error is 2.5V/2
24, i.e. 1.5x10
-7, the global error of A/D converter is less than or equal to 0.002%.
6. electric energy metrical loop as claimed in claim 1 high accuracy data synchronized sampling unit, it is characterized in that: base modules is external benchmark, base modules is with calibration cell, temperature drift coefficient is 0.5PPM, work between-15 DEG C-55 DEG C, temperature span is 60, causes the drift of reference voltage 0.5*60=30PPM, and error is 0.0003%.
7. electric energy metrical loop as claimed in claim 1 high accuracy data synchronized sampling unit, it is characterized in that, the technical indicator of constant-temperature crystal oscillator is:
Short-term stability is better than ± 1x10
-8
Export accuracy ± 8x10
-7
8 hours variation ± 5x10
-8
Start shooting 30 minutes preheating time.
8. as described in claim 1 to 7 any one, device carries out the method for synchronal data sampling, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:
1) by voltage transformer (VT) summation current transformer, the signal of circuit under test is converted to the signal of satisfied first A/D converter and the second A/D converter sampling request;
2) to step 1) in process after signal, carry out filtering process;
3) base modules provides reference voltage for the first A/D converter and the second A/D converter, constant-temperature crystal oscillator by processing module for the first A/D converter and the second A/D converter provide sampling clock, first A/D converter and the second A/D converter are to step 2) signal after process carries out A/D conversion, and is sent to processing module by the mode of serial;
4) processing module is to step 3) signal that sends carries out data processing, completes synchronal data sampling.
9. electric energy metrical loop as claimed in claim 8 high accuracy data synchronous sampling method, is characterized in that, step 1) to step 4) in reduce shake concrete grammar be:
A) use step-by-step switch method, sinusoidal clock signal produces the clock signal being similar to square wave after step-by-step switch;
B) additional gate circuit is squared sinusoidal clock signal as comparer;
C) clock source with the low jitter that square wave exports is adopted;
D) outside adds the shake that bandpass filter can eliminate clock signal.
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CN111337719A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-26 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司营销服务中心 | Electric energy meter |
CN111965587A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-20 | 安徽南瑞中天电力电子有限公司 | Automatic test method and automatic test platform for stability of electric energy meter |
CN112242695A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-01-19 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Relay protection data synchronization method and device based on wireless communication |
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