CN105294550B - 6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN105294550B
CN105294550B CN201510676050.6A CN201510676050A CN105294550B CN 105294550 B CN105294550 B CN 105294550B CN 201510676050 A CN201510676050 A CN 201510676050A CN 105294550 B CN105294550 B CN 105294550B
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刘新泳
杨佳沛
展鹏
康东伟
卢雪怡
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Shandong University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种6‑取代二芳基吡啶衍生物及其制备方法和应用。所述化合物具有式I所示的结构。本发明还涉及含有式I结构化合物的药物组合物以及提供上述化合物在制备抗HIV药物中的应用。

Description

6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及6-取代二芳基吡啶类衍生物及其制备方法与制药用途。
背景技术
艾滋病(AIDS)是全球威胁人类健康的重大传染性疾病之一,主要病原体是人免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)。在HIV-1的生命周期中,逆转录病毒(RT)是病毒复制周期中的关键酶之一,抑制该酶活性可有效地抑制HIV的复制。HIV非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTIs)由于其高效低毒的优点,成为高效抗逆转录疗法(HAART)疗法的重要组成部分。尽管如此,NNRTIs易产生耐药的缺陷严重限制了它在临床上的长期应用。因此研发广谱高效抗耐药的新型NNRTIs类抗艾滋病毒药物仍是当前一项迫切的科研任务。
在HIV-1NNRTIs中,二芳基嘧啶(diarylpyrimidine,DAPY)类有较强的抗病毒活性并且对耐药突变株有较好的抑制作用,其中属于该类的药物依曲韦林(Etravirine)和利匹韦林(Rilpivirine)分别于2008和2010年上市。另外,吲哚芳砜类(IAS)化合物(代表性化合物L737,126、7e)与二芳基嘧啶类化合物有相似的药效团模型和结合构象。目前,对吲哚芳砜类化合物的结构优化主要集中在吲哚环2位的取代酰胺,本发明基于二芳基嘧啶类和吲哚芳砜类化合物相似的药效团模型和构象,采用分子杂合和电子等排药物设计策略,设计合成了一系列靶向于NNRTIs结合位点“进入通道”的二芳基吡啶类化合物,此类化合物现有技术中未见相关报道。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物及其制备方法。本发明还提供了上述化合物作为HIV-1非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂的活性筛选结果及其应用。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一.6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物
本发明涉及的6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物,具有如下通式I所示的结构:
其中,
R1为CH3、CN或氰基乙烯基;
X为O或NH;
NHR2为不同链长度的烷基胺、含饱和杂环的胺、含芳香杂环的胺、氨基酸或磷酸酯基取代的胺。
根据本发明优选的,通式I中,R1为CH3或CN;X为O;NHR2为NN-二甲基乙二胺、4-(2-胺乙基)吗啉、环丙基甲基胺、2-甲氧基乙胺、丙烯胺、环丙胺、四氢糠胺、3-氨基丙腈、4-N-(2-胺乙基)-哌嗪或氨基乙醛缩二甲醇。
进一步优选的,6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物是具有下列结构的化合物之一:
表1.化合物Y-5,Ia~Im,IIa~IIm的结构式
二.6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物的制备方法
6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物的制备方法,步骤如下:以2,6-二氯吡啶(Y-1)为初始原料,首先在三氟乙酸中经过氧化氢氧化得到2,6-二氯吡啶氮氧化物(Y-2)粗品,然后Y-2经三氯氧磷氯化得三氯吡啶(Y-3),三氯吡啶与不同取代基取代的苯酚(胺)发生亲核取代生成中间体2,6-二氯-4-三取代苯酚(胺)基吡啶(Y-4);接着,以二氧六环做溶剂,在醋酸钯、4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽、碳酸铯的条件下,Y-4与4-氨基苯甲腈发生C-N偶联反应得到关键中间体Y-5,最后Y-5与不同取代的胺发生偶联得到目标产物6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物。
合成路线如下:
试剂及条件:(i)30%(g/w)过氧化氢,三氟乙酸,回流;(ii)三氯氧磷,回流;(iii)取代苯酚或苯胺,碳酸钾,二甲基甲酰胺,N2,60℃;(iv)4-氨基苯甲腈,醋酸钯,4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽,碳酸铯,氮气,1,4-二氧六环,90℃;(v)NHR2,三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽,碳酸铯,氮气,1,4-二氧六环,回流。
R1、NHR2、X同上述通式I所示。
所述的取代苯酚为均三甲基苯酚、2,6-二甲基-4-氰基苯酚或2,6-二甲基-4-氰基乙烯基苯酚;
所述的取代苯胺为均三甲基苯胺、2,6-二甲基-4-氰基苯胺或2,6-二甲基-4-氰基乙烯基苯胺。
本发明所述的6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
(1)将2,6-二氯吡啶(10.0g,0.067mol)溶于三氟乙酸中,加入30%的过氧化氢溶液(25mL),回流3h,反应结束后加入饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液除去剩余的过氧化氢,减压浓缩至反应液剩余10mL左右,然后倒入50mL水中,过滤得固体,主要为未反应的2,6-二氯吡啶;滤液Na2CO3调节pH为8~9过滤得2,6-二氯吡啶氮氧化物(Y-2)粗品;
(2)中间体Y-2(8.20g,0.050mol)溶于三氯氧磷(30mL),回流4h。反应结束后反应液减压浓缩,残液倾入冰水溶液中,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,干法上样;乙酸乙酯:石油醚柱层析,分得白色针状结晶三氯吡啶(Y-3);
(3)三取代苯酚或三取代苯胺溶于DMF,加入碳酸钾,室温搅拌15min,加入三氯吡啶,氮气条件下油浴加热;反应结束后减压蒸干,加入水,乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相干燥过滤,蒸干,乙酸乙酯-石油醚60-90重结晶得中间体2,6-二氯-4-三取代苯酚(胺)基吡啶(Y-4);
(4)中间体Y-4溶于二氧六环,加入4-氨基苯甲腈、醋酸钯、4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽、碳酸铯适量,氮气保护下加热反应;反应结束后,硅藻土过滤,旋蒸拌样,乙酸乙酯:石油醚60-90柱层析得目标化合物Y-5;
(5)将不同NHR2和中间体Y-5溶于二氧六环,然后加入三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽以及碳酸铯适量,在氮气保护下加热回流;反应结束后硅藻土过滤,硅胶拌样蒸干,乙酸乙酯:石油醚柱层析得产物,然后乙酸乙酯-石油醚60-90重结晶得目标化合物。
三.6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物的应用
本发明公开了6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物抗HIV活性筛选结果(野生株和突变株)及其作为抗HIV-1抑制剂的应用。通过实验证明本发明的6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物可作为经典的HIV-1非核苷类抑制剂应用。具体地说,可以作为HIV-1抑制剂用于制备抗艾滋病药物。因此,本发明还提供6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物在制备抗HIV的药物中的应用。
四.6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物的抗HIV-1(IIIB)及耐药毒株活性和毒性实验
对上述新合成的22个化合物(化合物的结构式见表1)进行抗HIV-1野生型(IIIB)、K103N+Y181C(RES056)、F227L+V106A、L100I、K103N、E138K、Y181C、Y188L耐药突变型和HIV-2(ROD)活性筛选。它们的抗HIV-1活性和毒性数据列于表2、3中,活性测试中以奈韦拉平(NVP)、齐多夫定(AZT)、拉夫米定(3TC)、依法韦伦(EFV)、地拉韦定(DLV)和依曲韦林(ETV)为阳性对照。
由表2看出新合成的化合物均呈现出较好的抗野生型HIV活性,其抗野生型HIV-1的活性EC50值在0.035μM~1.99μM范围内,几乎有一半的化合物在细胞试验中抗病毒活性强于NVP。值得注意的是,化合物If(EC50=35nM),Ia(EC50=43nM)and IIa(EC50=41nM)呈现出与DLV(EC50=33nM)相似的活性。另外,化合物Ib、IIb和IIh对临床上常见的单突变株和双突变株呈现了较好的活性(见表3)。尤其是化合物IIb对K103N突变株的活性(EC50=49nM)明显强于对照药物NVP(EC50=6.78μM)、DLV(EC50=2.48μM)和EFV(EC50=0.12μM)。所有新合成的化合物对HIV-2(ROD)没有抑制作用,可认为是经典的非核苷类抑制剂。
本发明的6-取代的二芳基吡啶衍生物是一类结构新颖的非核苷类HIV-1抑制剂,可作为抗HIV-1的先导化合物。
本发明的6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物可作为非核苷类HIV-1抑制剂应用。具体地说,作为HIV-1抑制剂用来制备抗艾滋病药物。
一种抗HIV-1药物组合物,包括本发明的6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物和一种或多种药学上可接受载体或赋形剂。
本发明公开了6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物、其制备方法、抗HIV活性筛选结果及其作为抗HIV抑制剂的首次应用。实验证明本发明的6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物可作为HIV-1非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂应用。具体地说,可作为HIV-1抑制剂用于制备抗艾滋病药物。
具体实施方式
通过下述实例有助于理解本发明,但是不能限制本发明的内容,在下列实例中,所有目标化合物的编号与表1相同。
合成路线:
实施例1.中间体4-((6-氯4-取代苯酚基吡啶-2-基)氨基)苯甲腈(Y-4)的制备方法
将2,6-二氯吡啶(10.0g,0.067mol)溶于三氟乙酸中,加入30%的过氧化氢溶液(25mL),回流3h,反应结束后加入饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液除去剩余的过氧化氢,减压浓缩至反应液剩余10mL左右,然后倒入50mL水中,过滤得固体(主要为未反应的2,6-二氯吡啶)。滤液Na2CO3调节pH为8~9过滤得2,6-二氯吡啶氮氧化物(Y-2)粗品。收率55%。
中间体Y-2(8.20g,0.050mol)溶于三氯氧磷(30mL),回流4h。反应结束后反应液减压浓缩,残液倾入冰水溶液中,EtOAc萃取三次,合并有机相,无水Na2SO4干燥,干法上样。乙酸乙酯(EtOAc):石油醚(PE)60-90=1:60柱层析,分得白色针状结晶三氯吡啶(Y-3)。收率85%。
三取代苯酚(5.0mmol)溶于DMF,加入碳酸钾(0.83g,6.0mmol)室温搅拌15min,加入三氯吡啶(0.91g,5.0mmol),氮气条件下油浴50℃反应8h。反应结束后减压蒸干,加入水,乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相干燥过滤,蒸干,乙酸乙酯-石油醚60-90重结晶得中间体2,6-二氯-4-三取代苯酚基吡啶(Y-4)。
2,6-二氯-4-(2,4,6-三甲基苯酚基)吡啶(Y-4-1)。无色晶体,熔点130–131℃,收率85%。
化合物Y-4-1波谱数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.06(s,6H,CH3),2.31(s,3H,CH3),6.66(d,J=1.32Hz,2H,Py-H),6.93(s,2H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:15.99,20.79,109.73,129.94,130.09,136.17,147.14,151.68,167.27;MS-ESI:282.3[M+H]+,284.2[M+H]+.C14H13Cl2NO(281.04).
2,6-二氯-(4-氰基-2,6-二甲基苯酚基)吡啶(Y-4-2)。无色晶体,熔点168–169℃,收率68%。
化合物Y-4-2波谱数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.17(s,6H,CH3),6.65(d,J=1.32Hz,2H,Py-H),7.48(s,2H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.12,109.58,110.78,118.03,132.58,133.39,152.11,152.62,165.72;MS-ESI:293.3[M+H]+,295.3[M+H]+.C14H10Cl2N2O(292.02).
实施例2.化合物Y-5-1的制备
中间体Y-4-1(2.81g,0.01mol)溶于二氧六环,加入4-氨基苯甲腈(1.18g,0.01mol),醋酸钯(0.225g,1mmol),4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽(0.578g,1mmol),碳酸铯(4.89g,0.015mol),氮气条件下90℃反应8h。反应结束后,硅藻土过滤,旋蒸拌样,乙酸乙酯:石油醚60-90=1:4柱层析得目标化合物Y-5-1。白色固体,熔点195–196℃,收率76%。
化合物Y-5-1波谱分析数据:1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.09(s,6H,2×CH3),2.31(s,3H,CH3),6.13(s,1H,Py-H),6.35(d,J=0.88Hz,1H,Py-H),6.75(s,1H,NH),6.92(s,2H,Ph-H),7.49(dd,J=7.96Hz,28.64Hz,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.04,20.80,94.23,104.24,104.70,118.27,119.27,129.90,130.24,133.49,135.81,144.01,147.46,151.06,154.95,167.41;ESI-MS:364.4[M+H]+.C21H18ClN3O(363.11).
实施例3.化合物Y-5-2的制备
操作同实施例2,所不同的是将中间体Y-4-1替换为Y-4-2。白色固体,熔点:202–203℃,产率:86%。
化合物Y-5-2波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.19(s,6H,2×CH3),6.09(d,J=1.48Hz,1H,Py-H),6.32(d,J=1.52Hz,1H,Py-H),6.93(s,1H,NH),7.27(s,2H,Ph-H),7.58(q,J=7.32Hz,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.15,94.04,103.74,104.89,110.12,118.19,118.47,119.32,132.92,133.16,133.48,143.84,151.48,153.23,155.31,165.80;ESI-MS:375.4[M+H]+,392.4[M+NH3]+.C21H15ClN4O(374.09).
实施例4.化合物Ia的制备
将N,N-二甲基乙二胺(0.176g,2mmol)中间体和中间体Y-5-1(0.182g,0.5mmol)溶于二氧六环,然后加入三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.0458g,0.05mmol),4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽(0.0289g,0.05mmol)和Cs2CO3(0.244g,0.75mmol),在氮气保护下加热回流48h。反应结束后硅藻土过滤,硅胶拌样蒸干,乙酸乙酯:石油醚60-90=1:2柱层析得产物,然后乙酸乙酯-石油醚60-90重结晶得目标化合物。白色固体,熔点79-81℃,收率41%。
化合物Ia波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.10(s,6H,2×CH3),2.27(s,6H,2×CH3),2.30(s,3H,CH3),2.54(t,J=5.92Hz,2H,CH2),3.31(q,J=5.76Hz,2H,CH2),4.94(t,J=4.68Hz,2H,CH2),5.40(d,J=1.44Hz,1H,Py-H),5.60(d,J=1.36Hz,1H,Py-H),6.49(s,1H,NH),6.89(s,2H,Ph-H),7.50(s,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.09,20.80,39.40,45.17,58.06,85.81,86.52,102.81,117.75,119.78,129.52,130.73,133.24,134.97,145.40,148.04,154.37,159.58,167.18;ESI-MS:416.6[M+H]+,433.6[M+NH3]+.C25H29N5O(415.24).
实施例5.化合物IIa的制备
操作同实施例4,所不同的是将中间体Y-5-1替换为Y-5-2。白色固体,熔点114-115℃,收率56%。
化合物IIa波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.18(s,6H,2×CH3),2.27(s,6H,2CH3),2.55(t,J=5.96Hz,2H,CH2),3.32(q,J=5.52Hz,2H,CH2),4.94(t,J=4.68Hz,2H,CH2),5.40(d,J=1.44Hz,1H,Py-H),5.60(d,J=1.36Hz,1H,Py-H),6.49(s,1H,NH),6.89(s,2H,Ph-H),7.50(s,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.15,39.35,45.16,57.95,85.34,86.06,103.20,109.37,117.77,118.52,119.65,132.83,133.23,133.27,145.13,154.02,154.71,159.63,165.85;ESI-MS:427.5[M+H]+.C25H26N6O(426.22).
实施例6.化合物Ib的制备
操作同实施例4,不同的是将Ia的原料N,N-二甲基二乙胺替换为4-(2-胺乙基)吗啉。白色固体,熔点209-211℃,收率40%。
化合物Ib波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.09(s,6H,2×CH3),2.31(s,3H,CH3),6.13(s,1H,Py-H),6.35(d,J=0.88Hz,1H,Py-H),6.75(s,1H,NH),6.92(s,2H,Ph-H),7.49(q,J=8.08Hz,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.04,20.80,94.23,104.24,104.70,118.27,119.27,129.90,130.24,133.49,135.81,144.01,147.46,151.06,154.95,167.41;ESI-MS:458.6[M+H]+.C27H31N5O2(457.25).
实施例7.化合物IIb的制备
操作同实施例5,不同的是将IIa的原料N,N-二甲基二乙胺替换为4-(2-胺乙基)吗啉。白色固体,熔点208-210℃,收率56%。
化合物IIb波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.19(s,6H,2×CH3),2.49(t,J=4.52Hz,4H,2×CH2),2.61(t,J=6.00Hz,2H,CH2),3.32(q,J=5.56Hz,2H,CH2),3.73(t,J=4.44Hz,4H,2×CH2),5.02(s,1H,NH),5.35(d,J=1.44Hz 1H,Py-H),5.56(d,J=1.40Hz,1H,Py-H),6.57(s,1H,NH),7.42(s,2H,Ph-H),7.52(s,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.17,38.32,53.39,57.15,66.87,85.22,86.08,103.31,109.41,117.78,118.52,119.59,132.85,133.22,133.28,145.07,153.99,154.72,159.59,165.97;ESI-MS:469.5[M+H]+.C27H28N6O2(468.23).
实施例8.化合物Ic的制备
操作同实施例4,不同的是将Ia的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为环丙基甲基胺。白色固体,熔点143-144℃,收率50%。
化合物Ic波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.014(q,J=5.60Hz,2H,CH2),0.30-0.34(m,2H,CH2),0.80-0.88(m,1H,CH),1.88(s,6H,2×CH3),2.08(s,3H,CH3),2.83(q,J=5.36Hz,2H,CH2),4.34(t,J=5.12Hz,1H,NH),5.18(d,J=1.52Hz,1H,Py-H),5.35(d,J=1.40Hz,1H,Py-H),6.26(s,1H,NH),6.67(s,2H,Ph-H),7.27(q,J=2.96Hz,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:3.48,10.80,16.09,20.81,47.35,85.28,86.45,102.98,117.62,119.74,129.53,130.71,133.25,135.01,145.27,148.02,154.29,159.50,167.41;ESI-MS:399.4[M+H]+.C25H26N4O(398.21).
实施例9.化合物IIc的制备
操作同实施例5,不同的是将IIa的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为环丙基甲基胺。白色固体,熔点189-190℃,收率60%。
化合物IIc波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.01(d,J=4.84Hz,2H,CH2),0.31(t,J=7.80Hz,2H,CH2),0.82(q,J=6.96Hz,1H,CH),1.96(s,6H,2×CH3),2.83(t,J=6.04Hz,2H,CH2),4.00(t,J=4.56Hz,1H,NH),5.09(s,1H,Py-H),5.31(s,1H,Py-H),6.33(s,1H,NH),7.18(s,2H,Ph-H),7.30(s,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.14,41.84,58.82,71.09,85.35,86.19,103.44,109.44,117.94,118.52,119.59,132.84,133.20,133.27,144.94,153.95,154.53,159.41,166.02;ESI-MS:410.6[M+H]+.C25H23N5O(409.19).
实施例10.化合物Id的制备
操作同实施例4,不同的是将Ia的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为2-甲氧基乙胺。白色固体,熔点72-74℃,收率68%。
化合物Id波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.10(s,6H,2×CH3),2.30(s,3H,CH3),3.43(q,J=5.24Hz,2H,CH2),3.57(t,J=5.08Hz,2H,CH2),4.74(s,1H,NH),5.41(d,J=1.48Hz,1H,Py-H),5.61(d,J=1.40Hz,1H,Py-H),6.61(s,1H,NH),6.89(s,2H,Ph-H),7.49(d,J=3.60Hz,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.08,20.80,41.83,58.78,71.17,85.81,86.61,103.05,117.70,119.71,129.54,130.69,133.24,135.05,145.22,147.98,154.19,159.30,167.37;ESI-MS:403.6[M+H]+.C24H26N4O2(402.21).
实施例11.化合物IId的制备
操作同实施例5,不同的是将IIa的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为2-甲氧基乙胺。白色固体,熔点98-100℃,收率39%。
化合物IId波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.19(s,6H,2×CH3),3.38(s,3H,CH3),3.44(q,J=5.12Hz,2H,CH2),3.57(t,J=5.08Hz,2H,CH2),4.80(t,J=4.84Hz,1H,NH),5.33(s,Py-H),5.58(s,1H,Py-H),6.63(s,1H,NH),7.42(s,2H,Ph-H),7.52(s,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.14,41.84,58.82,71.09,85.35,86.19,103.44,109.44,117.94,118.52,119.59,132.84,133.20,133.27,144.94,153.95,154.53,159.41,166.02;ESI-MS:414.5[M+H]+.C24H23N5O2(413.19).
实施例12.化合物Ie的制备
操作同实施例4,不同的是将Ia的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为丙烯胺。白色固体,熔点98–100℃,收率66%。
化合物Ie波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.10(s,6H,2×CH3),2.30(s,3H,CH3),3.86(t,J=5.68Hz,2H,CH2),4.59(t,J=5.64Hz,1H,NH),5.15(dd,J=1.40Hz,10.24Hz,1H,CH),5.22(dd,J=1.52Hz,17.16Hz,1H,CH),5.42(d,J=1.56Hz,1H,Py-H),5.60(d,J=1.52Hz,1H,Py-H),5.88-5.94(m,1H,CH),6.57(s,1H,NH),6.89(s,2H,Ph-H),7.49(d,J=2.96Hz,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.08,20.80,44.87,85.59,86.68,103.13,116.32,117.75,119.70,129.54,129.89,10.68,133.24,134.91,135.06,145.14,147.97,154.18,159.18,167.50;ESI-MS:385.5[M+H]+.C24H24N4O(384.20).
实施例13.化合物IIe的制备
操作同实施例5,不同的是将IIa的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为丙烯胺。白色固体,熔点105-107℃,收率36%。
化合物IIe波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.18(s,6H,2×CH3),3.85(t,J=5.64Hz,2H,CH2),4.68(t,J=5.32Hz,1H,NH),5.15(dd,J=1.32Hz,10.24Hz,1H,CH),5.21(dd,J=1.48Hz,17.48Hz,1H,CH),5.32(d,J=1.64Hz,1H,Py-H),5.58(d,J=1.64Hz,1H,Py-H),5.85-5.93(m,1H,CH),6.63(s,1H,NH),7.42(s,2H,Ph-H),7.52(s,4H,Ph-H);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.14,44.82,85.03,86.28,103.54,109.46,116.42,118.00,118.51,119.57,132.84,133.20,133.27,134.70,144.86,153.92,154.52,159.27,166.16;ESI-MS:396.4[M+H]+.C24H21N5O(395.17).
实施例14.化合物If的制备
操作同实施例4,不同的是将Ia的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为环丙胺。白色固体,熔点203-205℃,收率38%。
化合物If光谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.09(s,6H,2×CH3),2.31(s,3H,CH3),6.13(s,1H,Py-H),6.35(d,J=0.88Hz,1H,Py-H),6.75(s,1H,NH),6.92(s,2H,Ph-H),7.49(s,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.04,20.80,94.23,104.24,104.70,118.27,119.27,129.90,130.24,133.49,135.81,144.01,147.46,151.06,154.95,167.41;ESI-MS:385.5[M+H]+.C24H24N4O(384.20).
实施例15.化合物IIf的制备
操作同实施例5,不同的是将IIa的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为环丙胺。白色固体,熔点216-218℃,收率49%。
化合物IIf波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.54(td,J=4.28Hz,6.88Hz,2H,CH2),0.73(dt,J=1.60Hz,6.80Hz,2H,CH2),2.21(s,6H,2×CH3),2.44-2.45(m,1H,CH),5.00(s,1H,NH),5.49(d,J=1.72Hz,1H,Py-H),5.75(d,J=1.68Hz,1H,Py-H),6.55(s,1H,NH),7.43(s,2H,Ph-H),7.51(q,J=7.32Hz,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.47,16.16,23.97,85.18,86.50,103.39,109.42,117.86,118.05,118.53,119.61,132.82,133.06,133.23,144.94,154.01,154.62,160.60,166.21;ESI-MS:396.4[M+H]+.C24H21N5O(395.17).
实施例16.化合物Ig的制备
操作同实施例4,不同的是将Ia的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为四氢糠胺。白色固体,熔点87-89℃,收率36%。
化合物Ig波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.88-1.95(m,2H,CH2),1.97-2.05(m,2H,CH2),2.09(s,6H,2×CH3),2.30(s,3H,CH3),3.17-3.23(m,1H,CH),3.45-3.50(m,1H,CH),3.76(q,J=6.84Hz,1H,CH),3.88(q,J=6.80Hz,1H,CH),4.06-4.10(m,1H,CH),4.73(t,J=5.48Hz,1H,NH),5.41(d,J=1.44Hz,1H,Py-H),5.59(d,J=1.32Hz,1H,Py-H),6.56(s,1H,NH),6.89(s,2H,Ph-H),7.49(q,J=4.84Hz,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.08,20.80,25.82,28.94,46.21,68.08,85.91,86.54,103.01,117.67,119.72,129.53,130.70,133.23,135.03,145.23,147.99,154.15,159.43,167.34;ESI-MS:429.5[M+H]+.C26H28N4O2(428.22).
实施例17.化合物IIg的制备
操作同实施例5,不同的是将IIa的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为四氢糠胺。白色固体,熔点109-111℃,收率66%。
化合物IIg波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:1.89-2.05(m,4H,2×CH2),2.19(s,6H,2×CH3),3.16-3.22(m,1H,CH),3.46-3.51(m,1H,CH),3.77(q,J=6.96Hz,1H,CH),3.88(q,J=6.84,1H,CH),4.07-4.10(m,1H,CH),4.80(t,J=5.36Hz,1H,NH),5.33(d,J=1.36Hz,1H,Py-H),5.57(d,J=1.28Hz,1H,Py-H),6.60(s,1H,NH),7.42(s,2H,Ph-H),7.52(s,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.14,25.82,28.96,46.21,68.10,85.43,86.14,103.40,109.43,117.90,118.53,119.59,132.83,133.21,133.25,144.98,153.96,154.50,159.54,165.99;ESI-MS:440.6[M+H]+.C26H25N5O2(439.20).
实施例18.化合物Ih的制备
操作同实施例4,不同的是将Ia的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为3-氨基丙腈。白色固体,熔点173-175℃,收率67%。
化合物Ih波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.09(s,6H,2×CH3),2.30(s,3H,CH3),2.71(t,J=6.4Hz,2H,CH2),3.65(q,J=6.44Hz,2H,CH2),4.64(t,J=6.28Hz,1H,NH),5.42(d,J=1.36Hz,1H,Py-H),5.70(d,J=1.28Hz,1H,Py-H),6.50(s,1H,NH),6.90(s,2H,Ph-H),7.50(q,J=1.80Hz,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.08,18.62,20.80,38.16,86.75,87.36,103.38,117.73,118.52,119.56,129.61,130.62,133.29,13520,145.04,147.88,154.42,158.14,167.36;ESI-MS:398.4[M+H]+.C24H23N5O(397.19).
实施例19.化合物IIh的制备
操作同实施例5,不同的是将IIa的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为3-氨基丙腈。白色固体,熔点179-181℃,收率66%。
化合物IIh波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.19(s,6H,2×CH3),2.72(t,J=6.40Hz,2H,CH2),366(q,J=6.26Hz,2H,CH2),4.77(t,J=6.16Hz,1H,NH),5.37(d,J=1.60Hz,1H,Py-H),5.66(d,J=1.60Hz,1H,Py-H),6.66(s,1H,NH),7.42(s,2H,Ph-H),7.52(q,J=8.88Hz,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.15,18.61,38.12,86.34,86.86,103.76,109.53,118.03,118.44,118.46,119.43,132.90,133.17,133.32,144.77,153.82,154.72,158.23,166.03;ESI-MS:409.5[M+H]+.C24H20N6O(408.17).
实施例20.化合物Ii的制备
操作同实施例4,不同的是将Ia的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为4-N-(2-胺乙基)-1-N-Boc-哌嗪。柱层析后用二氯甲烷:三氟乙酸=1:1脱Boc保护基得目标产物。白色固体,熔点114-116℃,收率68%。
化合物Ii波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.10(s,6H,2×CH3),2.31(s,3H,CH3),2.46(s,1H,NH),2.64(s,6H,3CH2),3.10(s,4H,2×CH2),3.32(d,J=4Hz,2H,CH2),4.83(s,1H,NH),5.40(s,1H,Py-H),5.63(s,1H,Py-H),6.55(s,1H,NH),6.90(s,2H,Ph-H),7.49(q,J=8.52Hz,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.10,20.81,38.43,44.32,51.11,56.82,85.66,86.69,117.63,129.57,130.69,133.27,135.06,145.25,147.97,154.33,159.32,167.37;ESI-MS:457.6[M+H]+.C27H32N6O(456.26).
实施例21.化合物IIi的制备
操作同实施例5,不同的是将IIa的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为4-N-(2-胺乙基)-1-N-Boc-哌嗪。白色固体,熔点190-191℃,收率64%。
化合物IIi波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.19(s,6H,2×CH3),2.47(s,1H,NH),2.64(s,6H,3CH2),3.07(s,4H,2CH2),3.33(d,J=4Hz,2H,CH2),4.91(s,1H,NH),5.33(d,J=1.4Hz,1H,Py-H),5.58(d,J=1.28Hz,1H,Py-H),6.56(s,1H,NH),7.42(s,2H,Ph-H),7.52(dd,J=2.96Hz,9.12Hz,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.16,38.40,44.55,51.55,56.83,86.23,109.43,117.84,132.87,133.20,133.29,145.03,153.96,154.72,159.47,165.99;ESI-MS:468.5[M+H]+.C27H29N7O(467.24).
实施例22.化合物Im的制备
操作同实施例4,不同的是将Ia的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为氨基乙醛缩二甲醇。白色固体,熔点143-145℃,收率77%。
化合物Im波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.09(s,6H,2×CH3),2.30(s,3H,CH3),3.40(s,6H,2×CH3),3.42(d,J=5.60Hz,2H,CH2),4.52(t,J=5.40Hz,1H,CH),4.58(t,J=5.68Hz,1H,NH),5.40(d,J=1.36Hz,1H,Py-H),5.63(d,J=1.20Hz,1H,Py-H),6.57(s,1H,NH),6.89(s,2H,Ph-H),7.51(q,J=5.36Hz,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:15.10,20.81,43.56,54.03,85.95,86.80,102.69,102.98,117.64,119.75,129.55,130.68,133.26,135.06,146.24,147.97,154.31,160.16,167.29;ESI-MS:433.6[M+H]+.C25H28N4O3(432.22).
实施例23.化合物IIm的制备
操作同实施例5,不同的是将IIa的原料N,N-二甲基乙二胺替换为氨基乙醛缩二甲醇。白色固体,熔点167-169℃,收率64%。
化合物IIm波谱分析数据:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.19(s,6H,2×CH3),3.41(s,6H,2×CH3),3.43(s,2H,CH2),4.53(t,J=4Hz,1H,CH),4.73(s,1H,NH),5.34(s,Py-H),5.61(s,1H,Py-H),6.84(s,1H,NH),7.42(s,2H,Ph-H),7.53(s,4H,Ph-H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:16.16,43.63,54.14,85.40,86.20,102.60,109.48,118.12,118.49,119.56,132.87,133.17,133.30,144.78,153.87,154.37,158.92,166.15;ESI-MS:444.6[M+H]+.C25H25N5O3(443.20).
实施例24.目标化合物的体外抗HIV细胞活性筛选试验(MTT法)
测试原理
MT-4细胞感染了HIV病毒后会在5-7天内发生病变,在加入有抑制HIV活性的化合物后,细胞内的HIV复制会受到抑制,从而达到保护细胞而不发生病变的目的。向感染了HIV的MT-4细胞中加入已知浓度的待测物溶液,然后将细胞恒温培养5-7天后,最后用MTT法测定细胞的活力。计算得出使50%细胞免于病变的药物浓度即EC50,以评价目标化合物抗HIV活性。同样方法可以得到待测化合物使50%未感染HIV细胞发生病变的浓度即CC50,并计算出待测化合物的“选择系数”(selectivity index),计算公式:SI=CC50/EC50
MTT分析法原理:MTT即噻唑蓝是一种黄色染料,MTT分析法是一种检测细胞存活和生长的方法,原理是活细胞的琥珀酸脱氢酶能将外源性MTT还原为甲瓒,而死细胞无此功能。通过酶联免疫检测仪用比色法间接反映活细胞数量。
测试材料和方法
(1)HIV-1(IIIB)、HIV-2(ROD)毒株和RES056耐药株及MT-4细胞:由比利时鲁汶大学Rega研究院微生物与免疫学研究所提供。
(2)MTT:Sigma公司。
(3)样品处理:待测化合物临用前用DMSO配成适当的浓度,并用双蒸水稀释5倍,各5个稀释度。
(4)阳性对照药:奈韦拉平(NVP)、齐多夫定(AZT)、地拉韦啶(DLV)、依法韦伦(EFV)和依曲韦林(ETV,TMC125)。
(5)测试方法:待测化合物稀释后加入感染HIV的MT-4细胞悬浊液中,经过一段时间培育后用MTT比色法测定细胞活力,用酶标仪590nm下测定吸光度(A)值并计算出EC50,CC50以及SI。
(6)MTT染色法:加入待测化合物的细胞培养一段时间后,再向分别加入MTT溶液20μL,继续培养一定时间,弃去染色液,再向每孔加入二甲基亚砜150μL,混合均匀后,在酶标仪中590nm下测定吸光度A。
具体操作如下:准备好96孔细胞培养板,加入MT-4细胞培养液50Μl(约含1×104),再加入20μL感染HIV-1的MT-4细胞混悬液(每毫升含100倍CCID50),感染病毒为HIV-1(IIIB)、HIV-2(ROD)和RES056,加空白培养基作对照(毒性测定),然后再加入不同浓度的待测化合物或者阳性对照药物,每个浓度平行3次。然后在5%CO2氛围,37℃下培养细胞5天,再向每个孔中加入20μL MTT溶液(5mg/mL),培养2小时,再加入二甲基亚砜溶解,使用酶标仪在590nm处测定吸收度A,计算待测化合物的细胞增值率P%,并计算出EC50,CC50以及选择性指数SI(结果见表2,表3)。
表2. 6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物抗HIV(IIIB及ROD株)的活性和毒性(MT-4细胞)
注:aEC50:保护50%感染HIV-1的MT-4细胞免于细胞病变的化合物浓度;bCC50:使50%未感染HIV-1的细胞发生病变的化合物浓度;cSI选择性系数:CC50/EC50的比值。
表3. 6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物抗HIV突变株活性(MT-4细胞)
注:aEC50:保护50%感染HIV-1的MT-4细胞免于细胞病变的化合物浓度。
结论:新合成的化合物抗野生型HIV-1的活性EC50值在0.035μM~1.99μM范围内,几乎有一半的化合物在细胞试验中抗病毒活性强于NVP。值得注意的是,化合物If(EC50=35nM),Ia(EC50=43nM)和IIa(EC50=41nM)呈现出与DLV(EC50=33nM)相似的活性。另外,化合物Ib、IIb和IIh对临床上常见的单突变株和双突变株呈现了较好的活性。尤其是化合物IIb对K103N突变株的活性(EC50=49nM)明显强于对照药物NVP(EC50=6.78μM)、DLV(EC50=2.48μM)和EFV(EC50=0.12μM)。所有新合成的化合物对HIV-2(ROD)没有抑制作用,可认为是经典的非核苷类抑制剂。

Claims (6)

1.6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物,其特征在于是具有如下通式I所示的结构:
其中,
R1为CH3、CN或氰基乙烯基;
X为O或NH;
NHR2为NN-二甲基乙二胺、4-(2-胺乙基)吗啉、环丙基甲基胺、2-甲氧基乙胺、丙烯胺、环丙胺、四氢糠胺、3-氨基丙腈或氨基乙醛缩二甲醇。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于是下述结构的化合物之一:
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
以2,6-二氯吡啶(Y-1)为初始原料,首先在三氟乙酸中经过氧化氢氧化得到2,6-二氯吡啶氮氧化物(Y-2)粗品,然后Y-2经三氯氧磷氯化得三氯吡啶(Y-3),三氯吡啶与不同取代基取代的苯酚或苯胺发生亲核取代生成中间体2,6-二氯-4-三取代苯酚或2,6-二氯-4-三取代苯胺基吡啶(Y-4);接着,以二氧六环做溶剂,在醋酸钯、4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽、碳酸铯的条件下,Y-4与4-氨基苯甲腈发生C-N偶联反应得到关键中间体Y-5,最后Y-5与不同取代的胺发生偶联得到目标产物6-取代二芳基吡啶衍生物;
合成路线如下:
试剂及条件:(i)30%过氧化氢,三氟乙酸,回流;(ii)三氯氧磷,回流;(iii)取代苯酚或苯胺,碳酸钾,二甲基甲酰胺,N2,60℃;(iv)4-氨基苯甲腈,醋酸钯,4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽,碳酸铯,氮气,1,4-二氧六环,90℃;(v)NHR2,三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽,碳酸铯,氮气,1,4-二氧六环,回流;
R1、NHR2、X同上述通式I所示;
所述的取代苯酚为均三甲基苯酚、2,6-二甲基-4-氰基苯酚或2,6-二甲基-4-氰基乙烯基苯酚;
所述的取代苯胺为均三甲基苯胺、2,6-二甲基-4-氰基苯胺或2,6-二甲基-4-氰基乙烯基苯胺。
4.如权利要求3所述的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
(1)将10.0g,0.067mol 2,6-二氯吡啶溶于三氟乙酸中,加入25mL 30%的过氧化氢溶液,回流3h,反应结束后加入饱和硫代硫酸钠溶液除去剩余的过氧化氢,减压浓缩至反应液剩余10mL左右,然后倒入50mL水中,过滤得固体,主要为未反应的2,6-二氯吡啶;滤液Na2CO3调节pH为8~9过滤得2,6-二氯吡啶氮氧化物(Y-2)粗品;
(2)将8.20g,0.050mol中间体Y-2溶于30mL三氯氧磷,回流4h;反应结束后反应液减压浓缩,残液倾入冰水溶液中,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,干法上样;乙酸乙酯:石油醚柱层析,分得白色针状结晶三氯吡啶(Y-3);
(3)三取代苯酚或三取代苯胺溶于DMF,加入碳酸钾,室温搅拌15min,加入三氯吡啶,氮气条件下油浴加热;反应结束后减压蒸干,加入水,乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相干燥过滤,蒸干,乙酸乙酯-石油醚60-90重结晶得中间体2,6-二氯-4-三取代苯酚或2,6-二氯-4-三取代苯胺基吡啶(Y-4);
(4)中间体Y-4溶于二氧六环,加入4-氨基苯甲腈、醋酸钯、4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽、碳酸铯适量,氮气保护下加热反应;反应结束后,硅藻土过滤,旋蒸拌样,乙酸乙酯:石油醚60-90柱层析得目标化合物Y-5;
(5)将不同NHR2和中间体Y-5溶于二氧六环,然后加入三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯,4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽以及碳酸铯适量,在氮气保护下加热回流;反应结束后硅藻土过滤,硅胶拌样蒸干,乙酸乙酯:石油醚柱层析得产物,然后乙酸乙酯-石油醚60-90重结晶得目标化合物。
5.权利要求1或2所述的化合物在制备抗HIV的药物中的应用。
6.一种抗HIV药物组合物,包含权利要求1或2所述化合物和一种或多种药学上可接受载体或赋形剂。
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