CN105290322B - The device for sand coated iron mould casting device and casting technique of three part box ring class casting - Google Patents

The device for sand coated iron mould casting device and casting technique of three part box ring class casting Download PDF

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CN105290322B
CN105290322B CN201510897632.7A CN201510897632A CN105290322B CN 105290322 B CN105290322 B CN 105290322B CN 201510897632 A CN201510897632 A CN 201510897632A CN 105290322 B CN105290322 B CN 105290322B
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mould
casting
sand
mold
middle mould
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CN105290322A (en
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薛祥军
王崇祯
赵生彦
张继东
国富忠
王可云
郭文海
张承斌
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CHANGYI ZHONGZHU CASTING INDUSTRY Co Ltd
JINAN FOUNDRY PATTERN CO Ltd
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CHANGYI ZHONGZHU CASTING INDUSTRY Co Ltd
JINAN FOUNDRY PATTERN CO Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of the device for sand coated iron mould casting devices and casting technique of three part box ring class casting, belong to device for sand coated iron mould casting field.Casting device includes cope, upper mold, drag box and lower die, and upper mold is equipped with running gate system, further includes cheek and middle mould, cheek is between cope and drag box;Columnar middle mould loose piece is provided on middle mould, the back side of middle mould loose piece is equipped with middle mould insert, is respectively cooperating with being provided with positioning device between cheek and cope and drag box.Casting technique includes:Mold and sandbox are heated;Moulding, mould assembling;It pours into a mould and finally obtains cast product.The present invention realizes the casting using iron die sand casting process production ring class, three part box, and reliable product quality is stablized, and yield rate is high, and dimensional accuracy is high.

Description

The device for sand coated iron mould casting device and casting technique of three part box ring class casting
Technical field
The present invention relates to device for sand coated iron mould casting technology field, specifically a kind of device for sand coated iron mould of three part box ring class casting Casting device and casting technique.
Background technology
Iron die sand casting process technology the advantages of its uniqueness to be concerned, this technology is also by popularization gradually. But its early period is to the high cost investment of casting device and in use due to for a long time by expanding with heat and contract with cold and casting repeatedly Making environment influence leads to the problems such as casting deformation, cracking, also allows many people that dare not set foot in easily.
Iron die sand casting process technology is especially advantageous in reduced sizes such as disk class, bar class, axis class casting, substantially also all It is two unpacking.And for ring class, the casting of three part box, iron die sand casting process research and casting device or blank out.
Position is concave among ring class casting, it is impossible to which smooth depanning, if two unpacking castings, solving the above problems can only lean on The method of the lower sand core in centre, but if lower sand core, on the one hand increases toolings and the processes such as coremaking, lower core, in addition prior It is that sand core overall dimensions are big, wall thickness is larger, it has not been convenient to the advantages of operating, being lost device for sand coated iron mould technique.
Invention content
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of device for sand coated iron mould casting devices of three part box ring class casting And casting technique, the casting device and casting technique realize the casting that ring class, three part box are produced using iron die sand casting process Part, reliable product quality are stablized, and yield rate is high, and dimensional accuracy is high.
The present invention solves the technical solution that its technical problem is taken and includes:The device for sand coated iron mould casting of three part box ring class casting Device, including cope, the upper mold for forming cope cavity, drag box and the lower die for forming drag box cavity, upper mold is equipped with Running gate system, it is characterized in that, it further includes cheek and forms the middle mould of cheek cavity, cheek is located at cope and drag box Between;Columnar middle mould loose piece is provided on middle mould, the back side of middle mould loose piece is equipped with middle mould insert, middle mould loose piece and middle mould insert It is closely packed together;It is respectively cooperating with being provided with positioning device between the cheek and cope and drag box.
Positioning pin and orienting cover are provided between middle mould loose piece and middle mould insert, makes matching for middle mould loose piece and middle mould insert Conjunction is accurate secured, and hanging ring insert is additionally provided in order to molding in the upper surface of middle mould loose piece.
Cheek is equipped with and penetrates tamper set, replacement easy to disassemble, once bushing is damaged, old bushing of dismantling is replaced, sandbox It is continuing with.
Further technical solution is:The upper mold is located on upper mold baffle plate, the middle mould, middle mould loose piece and middle mould Insert is respectively positioned on middle mould baffle plate, and the lower die is located on lower die baffle plate;Upper mold baffle plate, middle mould baffle plate and lower die mould The inside of bottom plate is both provided with horizontally disposed electrically heated rod.Upper mold, middle mould and lower die are using electric heating mould, convenient for adding to mold Operation when hot, also improves production efficiency.
Further technical solution is:The electrically heated rod arranged vertically, vertical cloth are additionally provided on the middle mould baffle plate The inside of mould insert during the electrically heated rod put is located on middle mould baffle plate and the middle matched face of mould insert and is inserted into.Setting is vertical The electrically heated rod of arrangement improves the efficiency of heating surface, and middle mould insert can be made to keep higher temperature, and middle mould insert can be as heat source Middle mould loose piece provides heat.
Further technical solution is:Reinforcing rib is both provided on the cope, cheek and drag box;On described Reinforcing rib on sandbox and drag box is uniformly distributed on its end face in divergent shape, and the reinforced bag sand well on the cheek is at it On wall outer surface.Reinforcing rib is set, ensure that the intensity of casting device, reinforcing rib is evenly arranged, and reduces stress concentration.
Further technical solution is:The running gate system is positive-pressure gating system, and the running gate system includes interior pour Road, cross gate and sprue, the sprue are connected with cross gate, and cross gate is connected with ingate, cross gate and upper mold it is interior Ring is connected.Using positive-pressure gating system, guarantee well fills type and easy to clean, has good pushing off the slag ability.
Further technical solution is:The positioning device includes positioning pin and positioning sleeve, and positioning sleeve, which is nested with, to be positioned The outside of pin limits the lateral variation after sandbox mould assembling using guide cooperation.Because casting device is for a long time in high temperature, cooling It works under the adverse circumstances changed repeatedly, so to fully consider their intensity, deformation and fit precision when designing and producing The problems such as.To eliminate influence, sandbox and sandbox, sandbox caused by casting device size in the environment of the temperature change changes It is fixed with external mold using positioning and oriented approach;And external mold loose piece is then determined using the oriented approach of four different directions to realize Position.
The both sides of cope, cheek and drag box, which are equipped with, hangs handle.
The technical solution that the present invention solves its technical problem further includes:The device for sand coated iron mould founder of three part box ring class casting Skill includes the following steps:
Step 1:Preparation before casting, checks casting device and status of equipment;
Step 2:Mold and sandbox are heated;
Step 3:Sand mold is produced, completes the assembling of lower sand mold, middle sand mold and upper sand mold;
Step 4:Sprue cup is put into sprue mouth after mould assembling, is waited to be cast;
Step 5:Smelting metal is poured into a mould to liquid;
Step 6:After casting complete, through supercooling, unpacking and cleaning, cast product is obtained.
Preparation before casting includes:
Step (1-1):It checks casting device, including all of sandbox, mold, loose piece etc., whether checks raw material preparation It is complete, it checks status of equipment, ensures that infrastructure device safely, can be produced smoothly;
Step (1-2):Casting device is accurately placed into equipment, is connected firmly with equipment, and tests top case, penetrate The actions such as sand, molding, overturning.
When being heated to mold and sandbox, the temperature of mold and sandbox rises to 180 DEG C~230 DEG C.
Mold includes upper mold, middle mould and lower die three, and upper die and lower die device for sand coated iron mould formative technology by produces, And middle mould is more special, there is a middle mould loose piece in the middle, in above-mentioned steps 3, in holding the temperature of mould loose piece 180 DEG C~ 230℃.Higher temperature is kept for ease of middle mould loose piece, there is provided the groove-like heater being matched therewith, and in middle mould The upper surface center of loose piece devises hanging ring.Mould loose piece is put on middle mould in before moulding, before molding, the first mould loose piece in It hangs out, and puts it in heater, the temperature of mould loose piece in holding, so repeatedly.
Pay attention to productive temp and sequence when producing sand mold, Mr. gives birth to sand mold, lower sand mold is overturn after molding, lower sand mold is upward Lower sand mold is put on track, checks the lower sand mold of repairing;Followed by middle sand mold, it does not need to overturn after middle sand mold molding, inspection is repaiied Bowl spares sand mold needs to descend sand core during lower sand core at this moment, sand core fixation, then assembles middle sand mold and lower sand mold;Finally It is upper sand mold, upper sand mold just assembles upper sand mold and middle sand mold after checking sand mold also without mould turnover.Entire moulding, lower core, In assembling process, each step careful will check unusual condition timely processing occur, and stepped on productive temp, make each Node energy work well is produced, avoids producing disorderly and unsystematic, causes hidden danger of quality.
Sprue cup is put into sprue mouth after mould assembling, watches in cavity whether having exception by sprue mouth, if do not had It is abnormal, just with cast gate in cover plate lid, wait to be cast.
It to be poured into a mould as early as possible after mould assembling, because sand mold has certain temperature at this time, and temperature is higher, more has to molten iron flow Profit.If sand mold temperature is too high or variation is too big, the cooler environment of casting can be all influenced, so as to influence its mechanical property.Institute With as far as possible sand mold temperature stabilization in the smaller range of amplitude of variation.
It, also must not be to the matter of iron liquid in order to ensure the quality of casting although running gate system has certain pushing off the slag ability Amount is negligent of controlling.Smelting and pouring is one of committed step of casting success.Use for reference high temperature come out of the stove cast cold theory come Instruct practical operation.For tapping temperature generally at 1550 DEG C or so, pouring temperature is set in 1330 DEG C -1360 DEG C.During cast, pay attention to The distance between casting ladle and sprue cup are controlled, the distance between casting ladle and sprue cup general control are in 300~500mm, guarantee one Fixed pressure head, and ensure that sprue cup is in full without flowing over state.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1st, casting device provided by the invention and casting technique realize the three part box device for sand coated iron mould casting of ring class casting, Application extension for the device for sand coated iron mould space of bigger, to open from now on the product of relatively large, Complex Parts, three part box production technology Hair provides valuable experience.
2nd, product is cast out compared with traditional sand casting mode with this casting device and process, cast outside product Appearance quality is good, and product yield is high, and dimensional accuracy is high.
3rd, the production of equipment metaplasia and the production of raw material standards metaplasia are realized, dimensional accuracy is high, efficient, and artifical influence factor is significantly It reduces, quality stability is good, and entire production process dust is few, and working environment is good.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overlooking the structure diagram after mould assembling of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional views of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the overlooking the structure diagram of mould in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the B-B sectional views of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is that the casting technique of the embodiment of the present invention expresses schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the C-C sectional views of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the structure diagram of middle mould loose piece heater in the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure:1 hangs handle, 2 copes, 3 reinforcing ribs, 4 sprue cups, 5 cheeks, 6 drag boxs, 7 sprue arenaceous shells, 8 exhausts Hole, 9 sand buggies, 10 air discharge ducts, 11 casting arenaceous shells, 12 casting cavities, 13 positioning pins, 14 positioning sleeves, mould loose piece in 15,16 hanging rings Insert, mould baffle plate in 17,18 electrically heated rods, 19 casting, 20 sand cores, 21 cross gates, 22 ingates, 23 sprues, mould in 24 Loose piece heater.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification:
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, the device for sand coated iron mould casting device of three part box ring class casting including cope 2, is formed Upper mold, drag box 6 and the lower die for forming drag box cavity of cope cavity, upper mold are equipped with running gate system, further include middle sand Case 5 and the middle mould for forming cheek cavity, cheek 5 is between cope 2 and drag box 6;It is provided on middle mould columnar Middle mould loose piece 15, the back side of middle mould loose piece 15 are equipped with middle mould insert, and middle mould loose piece 15 and middle mould insert are closely packed together;In described It is respectively cooperating with being provided with positioning device between sandbox 5 and cope 2 and drag box 6.
Such as Fig. 4, Fig. 5, positioning pin and orienting cover are provided between middle mould loose piece 15 and middle mould insert, makes middle mould loose piece 15 It is accurately secured with the cooperation of middle mould insert, hanging ring insert 16 is additionally provided in order to molding in the upper surface of middle mould loose piece 15.
Cheek 5 is equipped with and penetrates tamper set, replacement easy to disassemble, once bushing is damaged, old bushing of dismantling is replaced, sandbox It is continuing with.
For ease of being heated to mold, using electric heating mould, concrete structure is for upper mold, middle mould and lower die:The upper mold On upper mold baffle plate, the middle mould, middle mould loose piece 15 and middle mould insert are respectively positioned on middle mould baffle plate 17, the lower die On lower die baffle plate;The inside of upper mold baffle plate, middle mould baffle plate 17 and lower die baffle plate is both provided with horizontally disposed Electrically heated rod 18.
The electrically heated rod arranged vertically is additionally provided on middle mould baffle plate 17, the electrically heated rod arranged vertically is located at middle mould mould On bottom plate 17 and the middle matched face of mould insert and be inserted into mould insert inside.
Upper electric heating mould and lower electric heating mould are manufactured and designed by the usual mode of existing device for sand coated iron mould mold, more special Be intermediate electric heating mould.There are one very big middle mould loose piece 15 on middle mould, in order to which middle die cast device is made to facilitate production, middle mould Also a big middle mould insert is devised.Quickly this electric heating mould is heated in order to realize, in heating tube arrangement and is heated The change has all been made in device design.Horizontal electrically heated rod not only is devised on middle mould baffle plate 17, in middle mould baffle plate 17 and the vertical direction of middle mould insert also devise a circle electrically heated rod close to the position of layer of sand.
In addition, middle mould loose piece 15 is often moved, mould insert during middle mould loose piece 15 can be absorbed when being assembled with middle mould insert Heat ensure the temperature of itself.But when molding, middle mould loose piece 15 needs to be hung out, and middle mould loose piece 15 is in air-cooled shape at this time State.When mould loose piece 15 coordinates again with middle mould insert in the middle, there are many middle Wen Duxiajiang of itself of mould loose piece 15, need further Heating can work on.
Certainly, middle mould loose piece 15 can promote the temperature of itself, but this is needed by the heat of mould insert in absorption again Time.Therefore a middle mould loose piece heater 24 is devised, as shown in figure 8, middle mould loose piece heater 24 is equipped with and middle mould 15 matched groove of loose piece has been evenly arranged electrically heated rod in the side wall of groove, during mould loose piece 15 disengages in the middle mould insert this After a heat source, we, which can be dropped it off in middle mould loose piece heater 24, keeps the temperature, heats up.Middle 15 moulding of mould loose piece is reused in this way When, it can work without waiting for heating, save the time, improve efficiency.
Reinforcing rib 3 is both provided on the cope 2, cheek 5 and drag box 6;The cope 2 and drag box 6 On reinforcing rib 3 be uniformly distributed on its end face in divergent shape, the reinforcing rib 3 on the cheek 5 is distributed in its side wall appearance On face.Reinforcing rib 3 is set, ensure that the intensity of casting device, reinforcing rib 3 is evenly arranged, and reduces stress concentration.
As shown in Figure 6, Figure 7, the running gate system be positive-pressure gating system, the running gate system include ingate 22, Cross gate 21 and sprue 23, the sprue 23 are connected with cross gate 21, and cross gate 21 is connected with ingate 22, cross gate 21 It is connected with the inner ring of upper mold.Using positive-pressure gating system, guarantee well fills type and easy to clean, has good pushing off the slag energy Power.
Such as Fig. 2, the lower section connection sprue arenaceous shell 7 of sprue cup 4,5 inside of cheek is additionally provided with sand buggy 9, sand buggy 9 Sand core 20 in corresponding diagram 6 and Fig. 7 medium castings 19.Gas vent 8, air discharge duct 10, casting arenaceous shell 11 and casting type are equipped in sandbox Chamber 12.
The positioning device includes positioning pin 13 and positioning sleeve 14, and positioning sleeve 14 is nested in the outside of positioning pin 13, adopts The lateral variation after sandbox mould assembling is limited with guide cooperation.Because casting device changes repeatedly in high temperature, cooling for a long time It works under adverse circumstances, so the problems such as fully considering their intensity, deformation and fit precision when designing and producing.To disappear Influence caused by size changes in the environment of the temperature change except casting device, sandbox are used with sandbox, sandbox and external mold Positioning and oriented approach are fixed;And external mold loose piece then realizes positioning using the oriented approach of four different directions.
The both sides of cope, cheek and drag box, which are equipped with, hangs 1, and hanging must be solid and reliable 1, avoids using It is broken in journey.
The technique cast using the device for sand coated iron mould casting device of the three part box ring class casting of the present embodiment, including following Step:
Step 1:Preparation before casting, checks casting device and status of equipment.Concrete operations are as follows:
Step (1-1):It checks casting device, including all of sandbox, mold, loose piece etc., whether checks raw material preparation It is complete, it checks status of equipment, ensures that infrastructure device safely, can be produced smoothly;
Step (1-2):Casting device is accurately placed into equipment, is connected firmly with equipment, and tests top case, penetrate The actions such as sand, molding, overturning.
Step 2:Mold and sandbox are heated, temperature rises to 180 DEG C~230 DEG C, may be selected to rise to 200 DEG C, 210 DEG C, 220 DEG C etc..
Step 3:Sand mold is produced, completes the assembling of lower sand mold, middle sand mold and upper sand mold.Concrete operations are as follows:
Mold includes upper mold, middle mould and lower die three, and upper die and lower die device for sand coated iron mould formative technology by produces, And middle mould is more special, there is a middle mould loose piece 15 in the middle, in the step, in holding the temperature of mould loose piece 180 DEG C~ 230℃.Higher temperature is kept for ease of middle mould loose piece 15, there is provided the groove-like heater being matched therewith, and in The upper surface center of mould loose piece 15 devises hanging ring.Mould loose piece 15 is put on middle mould in before moulding, before molding, first in Mould loose piece 15 is hung out, and is put it in middle mould loose piece heater 24, the temperature of mould loose piece 15 in holding, so repeatedly.
Pay attention to productive temp and sequence when producing sand mold, Mr. gives birth to sand mold, lower sand mold is overturn after molding, lower sand mold is upward Lower sand mold is put on track, checks the lower sand mold of repairing;Followed by middle sand mold, it does not need to overturn after middle sand mold molding, inspection is repaiied Bowl spares sand mold needs to descend sand core during lower sand core at this moment, sand core fixation, then assembles middle sand mold and lower sand mold;Finally It is upper sand mold, upper sand mold just assembles upper sand mold and middle sand mold after checking sand mold also without mould turnover.Entire moulding, lower core, In assembling process, each step careful will check unusual condition timely processing occur, and stepped on productive temp, make each Node energy work well is produced, avoids producing disorderly and unsystematic, causes hidden danger of quality.
Step 4:Sprue cup is put into sprue mouth after mould assembling, whether cavity in have exception, such as if watching by sprue mouth Fruit, just with cast gate in cover plate lid, is waited to be cast without exception.
Step 5:Smelting metal is poured into a mould to liquid.It to be poured into a mould as early as possible after mould assembling, because sand mold has a constant temperature at this time Degree, and temperature is higher, it is more advantageous to molten iron flow.If sand mold temperature is too high or variation is too big, the cold of casting can be all influenced But environment, so as to influence its mechanical property.So as far as possible sand mold temperature stabilization in the smaller range of amplitude of variation It is interior.
It, also must not be to the matter of iron liquid in order to ensure the quality of casting although running gate system has certain pushing off the slag ability Amount is negligent of controlling.Smelting and pouring is one of committed step of casting success.Use for reference high temperature come out of the stove cast cold theory come Instruct practical operation.For tapping temperature generally at 1550 DEG C or so, pouring temperature is set in 1330 DEG C -1360 DEG C.It may be selected 1340 DEG C, 1350 DEG C, 1355 DEG C of equivalences.During cast, pay attention to controlling the distance between casting ladle and sprue cup, between casting ladle and sprue cup Apart from general control in 300~500mm, ensure certain pressure head, and ensure that sprue cup is in full without flowing over state.
Step 6:After casting complete, through supercooling, unpacking and cleaning, cast product is obtained.
In the present invention, heated mould should be used in casting technique, i.e., carries out moulding after mold is heated, but the heating of mold Mode is not limited to the Electric heating described in embodiment, other modes may be used, mold is heated.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not the whole embodiments of the present invention, not limiting The system present invention, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in Within protection scope of the present invention.
In addition to technical characteristic described in specification, remaining technical characteristic is technology known to those skilled in the art, for protrusion The innovative characteristics of the present invention, details are not described herein for above-mentioned technical characteristic.

Claims (6)

1. the device for sand coated iron mould casting device of three part box ring class casting, including cope, the upper mold for forming cope cavity, drag box With the lower die for forming drag box cavity, upper mold is equipped with running gate system, it is characterized in that, it further includes cheek and forms cheek type The middle mould of chamber, cheek is between cope and drag box;Columnar middle mould loose piece, the back of the body of middle mould loose piece are provided on middle mould Face is equipped with middle mould insert, and middle mould loose piece and middle mould insert are closely packed together, and divides between the cheek and cope and drag box Positioning device is not equipped with it;
The running gate system is positive-pressure gating system, and the running gate system includes ingate, cross gate and sprue, described straight Running channel is connected with cross gate, and cross gate is connected with ingate, and cross gate is connected with the inner ring of upper mold;
The positioning device includes positioning pin and positioning sleeve, and positioning sleeve is nested in the outside of positioning pin;
The upper mold is located on upper mold baffle plate, and the middle mould, middle mould loose piece and middle mould insert are respectively positioned on middle mould baffle plate, The lower die is located on lower die baffle plate;The inside of upper mold baffle plate, middle mould baffle plate and lower die baffle plate is both provided with level The electrically heated rod of arrangement;
The electrically heated rod arranged vertically is additionally provided on the middle mould baffle plate, the electrically heated rod arranged vertically is located at middle mould mould bottom On plate and the middle matched face of mould insert and be inserted into mould insert inside.
2. the device for sand coated iron mould casting device of three part box ring class casting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the upper sand Reinforcing rib is both provided on case, cheek and drag box;Reinforcing rib on the cope and drag box is on its end face in hair Bulk is uniformly distributed, and the reinforced bag sand well on the cheek is on its wall outer surface.
3. a kind of casting that device for sand coated iron mould casting device using claim 1-2 any one of them three part box ring class casting carries out Technique is made, it is characterized in that, include the following steps:
Step 1:Mold and sandbox are heated;
Step 2:Sand mold is produced, completes the assembling of lower sand mold, middle sand mold and upper sand mold;
Step 3:Sprue cup is put into sprue mouth after mould assembling, is waited to be cast;
In the step 3, the temperature of mould loose piece keeps higher temperature at 180 DEG C -230 DEG C for ease of middle mould loose piece in holding, Hanging ring, moulding are devised there is provided the groove-like heater being matched therewith, and in the upper surface center of middle mould loose piece Mould loose piece is put on middle mould in preceding handle, and before molding, first mould loose piece is hung out, and put it in heater in, and mould is lived in holding The temperature of block, so repeatedly;
Step 4:Smelting metal is poured into a mould to liquid;
Step 5:After casting complete, through supercooling, unpacking and cleaning, cast product is obtained.
4. casting technique according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in the step 1, the temperature of mold and sandbox rises to 180 DEG C~230 DEG C.
5. casting technique according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in the step 2, the temperature of mould loose piece exists in holding 180 DEG C~230 DEG C;When producing sand mold, Mr. gives birth to sand mold, and lower sand mold is overturn after molding, and lower sand mold upward puts lower sand mold Onto track;Followed by middle sand mold, it does not need to overturn after middle sand mold molding, needs to descend sand core during lower sand core at this moment, then will Middle sand mold is assembled with lower sand mold;It is finally upper sand mold, upper sand mold is assembled also without mould turnover, upper sand mold with middle sand mold.
6. casting technique according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in the step 4, pouring temperature be set in 1330 DEG C~ 1360 DEG C, during cast, casting ladle keeps sprue cup to be in full without flowing over state apart from 300~500mm of sprue cup.
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