CN105281016B - A kind of unmanned aerial vehicle onboard antenna arrangement design and verification method - Google Patents
A kind of unmanned aerial vehicle onboard antenna arrangement design and verification method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of design of unmanned aerial vehicle onboard antenna arrangement and verification method, including step 1：Aerial position optimization layout is carried out according to isolation between antennas；Step 2：Directional diagram Performance Analysis after antenna installation；Step 3：Unmanned plane aeroperformance is analyzed after antenna installation；Step 4：Isolation between antennas assessment test；Step 5：Directional diagram assessment test after antenna installation；Step 6：Antenna installation unmanned plane scale model blowing test；Step 7：Antenna installation aft antenna coupled level test checking；Step 8：Inspection is interfered between transceiver pair；In the design phase of unmanned plane, by to directional diagram performance simulation after isolation between antennas optimization layout, antenna installation, simulation analysis theoretically have been carried out to the optimal layout position of antenna, and preliminary test checking has been carried out to the result of emulation in the design phase, test checking is carried out to the isolation performance and antenna port induced voltage of antenna in the full machine joint-trial stage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of airborne antenna layout designs and verification method applied to unmanned plane, belong to unmanned plane totality
Design field.
Background technology
The functions such as unmanned plane will be completed to communicate, navigate, electronic countermeasure, electronic reconnaissance, radar imagery are, it is necessary on unmanned plane
Above-mentioned function could be completed by installing corresponding antenna.Satellite navigation aerial, horizon communication antenna are usually mounted with unmanned plane, is defended
The various antennas such as star communication antenna, ECM antenna, electronic reconnaissance antenna, aviation management response antenna.
The often existing high power transmission antenna in numerous antennas, there is highly sensitive reception antenna again；Existing wideband
The pulse transmission signals of band, there is a reception signal of ultra wide band again, transmission signal baseband signal harmonic signal and reception signal
Frequency band exists overlapping.Antenna generally requires the characteristics such as specific directional diagram and low-sidelobe level to complete specific function, past
The influence to it toward antenna in design to the unmanned aerial vehicle platform of loading consider it is less, and after installing due to platform structure and with
The influence of mutual coupling between antenna, directional diagram often produce distortion, it is therefore desirable to consider the change of performance after antenna installation.Need
The installation site to be carried out to antenna optimizes design to ensure：Transmitting antenna, reception antenna compatible operations, the direction of antenna
Figure performance meets design requirement, meets unmanned plane aerodynamic performance requirements etc. after antenna installation.
Therefore the quality of unmanned aerial vehicle onboard antenna arrangement directly influences the pneumatic property of system EMC energy, unmanned plane
And whether completing for unmanned plane task can be related to.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to solve the above problems, a kind of unmanned aerial vehicle onboard antenna arrangement design and authentication are proposed
Method.
A kind of unmanned aerial vehicle onboard antenna arrangement design and verification method, including following steps：
Step 1：Aerial position optimization layout is carried out according to isolation between antennas；
Step 2：Directional diagram Performance Analysis after antenna installation；
Step 3：Unmanned plane aeroperformance is analyzed after antenna installation；
Step 4：Isolation between antennas assessment test；
Step 5：Directional diagram assessment test after antenna installation；
Step 6：Antenna installation unmanned plane scale model blowing test；
Step 7：Antenna installation aft antenna coupled level test checking；
Step 8：Inspection is interfered between transceiver pair；
The advantage of the invention is that：
(1) in the design phase of unmanned plane, by imitating directional diagram performance after isolation between antennas optimization layout, antenna installation
Very, simulation analysis theoretically have been carried out to the optimal layout position of antenna, and the result of emulation carried out in the design phase
Preliminary test is verified, test checking is carried out to the isolation performance and antenna port induced voltage of antenna in the full machine joint-trial stage,
By emulating the method with verification experimental verification of knowing the real situation, it ensure that 99% design once succeeds；
(2) in the methods of the invention by the antenna performance on unmanned aerial vehicle platform and the aeroperformance complex optimum cloth of unmanned plane
Office's design, has reached Electro Magnetic Compatibility and the complex optimum performance of aeroperformance, ensure that the overall performance of UAS.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention；
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Antenna arrangement is finally installation site of the antenna to be determined on unmanned plane, and meets following condition：
1) transmitting and the reception non-interference between being connected with antenna；
2) directional diagram Performance Analysis after antenna installation；
3) it is smaller to the effect of aerodynamic performance of unmanned plane after antenna installation.
In order to meet the antenna of above-mentioned condition installation position, it is necessary to optimize selection to the position of antenna, can pass through
A kind of design of unmanned aerial vehicle onboard antenna arrangement and verification method of the present invention, carries out position optimization design, flow is wrapped as shown in Figure 1
Include following steps：
Step 1：Aerial position optimization layout is carried out according to isolation between antennas；
(1) transmitting antenna initial makeup location is determinedWith the installation site of reception antenna
The installation site of m-th of transmitting antenna is represented, m ∈ [1, M], M represent the number of transmitting antenna, and s represents transmitting
Antenna；The installation site of n-th of reception antenna antenna is represented, n ∈ [1, N], N represent the number of reception antenna, and r represents to receive
Antenna；
Antenna is arranged according to following principle：
A) satellite navigation aerial is arranged in the full machine center of gravity fuselage upper part of unmanned plane；
B) defend logical link transmission antenna and be arranged in forebody top；
C) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) antenna is arranged in the bottom of fuselage；
D) array antenna being made up of multiple antennas is first arranged, then arranges the antenna of individual antenna unit；
E) dual-mode antenna similar in frequency at a distance of be more than more than 1 meter；
(2) determination there may be the antenna pair of interference；
Specifically include following steps：
Firstth, the interference matrix of transmitting antenna, reception antenna in tranmitting frequency is establishedM represents m-th of transmitting day
Line, n represent n-th of reception antenna, EmThe tranmitting frequency of m-th of transmitting antenna is represented, puts the initial of each element in matrix
It is worth for 1 (element is 1 expression dual-mode antenna interference, is not disturbed for 0 expression dual-mode antenna)；
Secondth, the interference matrix of transmitting antenna, reception antenna in receives frequency is establishedM represents m-th of transmitting day
Line, n represent n-th of reception antenna, RnThe receives frequency of n-th of reception antenna is represented, puts the initial of each element in matrix
It is worth for 1 (element is 1 expression dual-mode antenna interference, is not disturbed for 0 expression dual-mode antenna)；
3rd, the characteristics of time-sharing work, is had according to transmitting antenna and reception antenna, determines that transmitting antenna and reception will not
In the presence of the antenna pair of interference, and handleThe antenna that interference is not present in matrix is 0 to corresponding position；Handle simultaneouslyIn matrix
0 is arranged to corresponding position in the absence of the antenna of interference；
4th, when tranmitting frequency is more than 5 overtones bands of receives frequency, it is believed that tranmitting frequency does not disturb receives frequency,
WillTranmitting frequency is that antennas more than 5 overtones bands of receives frequency is arranged to 0 to corresponding position in matrix, simultaneously will
Middle tranmitting frequency is that antennas more than 5 overtones bands of receives frequency is arranged to 0 to corresponding position in matrix；
(3) calculateWithWhether element can not produce interference between 0 antenna pair
CalculateWithElement is not the isolation between antennas between 0 antenna pair in matrixWithRepresent
M-th of transmitting antenna and n-th of reception antenna, on receives frequency point, the isolation between two antennas；Represent m-th
Transmitting antenna and n-th of reception antenna, on tranmitting frequency point, the isolation between two antennas；
Using business electromagnetic field simulation software such as HFSS, FEKO etc. establish unmanned plane profile and antenna Electromagnetic Simulation it is soft
Part model, and antenna model is laid out to the position for being arranged on preliminary placementWithOn, it is rightIn be 0 interference pair, calculate
M-th of transmitting antenna and n reception antenna, in receives frequency S12Parameter conductIn tranmitting frequency S12Parameter conduct
According to
Antenna receives and dispatches the interference nargin IM between>5dB, just can guarantee that will not produce interference between dual-mode antenna；If
Dual-mode antenna in the absence of interference thenWithCorresponding position 0, otherwise puts 1 in matrix.
Wherein：IM is to disturb nargin, PTFor transmitter power,Damage for transmitter port to the cable between antenna
Consumption,For reception antenna to the cable loss between receiver port, IAIFor the sensitivity of receiver, CFTRFor the anti-of receiver
Interference factor (receiver can improve the anti-interference factor by modes such as spread spectrum, coherent demodulations)；LGLDFor dual-mode antenna port it
Between isolation, be to be in tranmitting frequency to m-th of transmitting antenna and n reception antennaIt is in receives frequencyUsual IM, PT、LGLD、CFTR、IAIIt is the function of frequency, unit takes dB；General PT、CFTR、IAI
For known parameters, and LGLDFor parameter to be calculated, LGLDChange with the installation site change of antenna.
Adjust the position of dual-mode antennaWith(1) to (3) is repeated to causeWithIn all element be 0, ensure
Interference is not present between dual-mode antenna pair.
Step 2：Directional diagram Performance Analysis after antenna installation；
According to the position of the antenna obtained in step 1WithUtilize business electromagnetic field simulation software such as HFSS, FEKO
Etc. the electromagnetic simulation software model for the profile and antenna for establishing unmanned plane, the direction of each transmitting antenna or reception antenna is calculated
Figure characteristic, it is determined that after due to the influence of unmanned aerial vehicle platform carrier, the directional diagram of phantom antenna.If directional diagram performance can not meet
Index request, then return to step one, redefine the installation site of antennaWithIsolation is recalculated, ensures transmitting-receiving day
Interference is not present between line pair, while antenna radiation pattern meets index request, if directional diagram performance meets index request, enters
In next step.
Step 3：Unmanned plane aeroperformance is analyzed after antenna installation；
According to the position of the antenna obtained in step 2WithUsing business hydrodynamics software, such as Fluent softwares
Etc. establish the profile of unmanned plane and the electromagnetic simulation model of antenna or import electromagnetism calculating network model, carry out aerodynamic configuration
Emulation, determines influence of the antenna to pneumatic structure.If aeroperformance is reduced more than 3%, return to step one, position is re-started
Optimization is put, otherwise, into next step.
Step 4：Isolation between antennas assessment test；
Isolation between antennas assessment test can be to the L in step 1 (4)GLDAssessment test is carried out, accuracy is than emulation more
It is high.If in antenna arrangement design is carried out on existing platform, then isolation between antennas assessment test platform can be built；Selection
Compare spacious environment, absorbing material is spread on ground, is reduced the influence that ground faces test result as far as possible, will be needed to install accordingly
Antenna be arranged on corresponding position, carry out isolation between antennas assessment test (due to reality insulated degree requirement it is anti-without ground
Penetrate, ground has a certain impact here, so being called assessment test).It can utilize vector signal source will transmitting and reception antenna
The both ends of vector network signal source are connected on respectively, and S is tested in the transmitting-receiving frequency typical frequencies of antenna12, then between antenna
Assessment test isolation angle value LMC GLD.Test result is substituted into the formula (1) in step 1, IM is verified, it is determined that all
The IM of antenna>5.If the IM of antenna pair<5 situation, then return to step one, adjust the position of dual-mode antennaWithMake
Must be allWithAntenna is to IM>5, ensure dual-mode antenna to actual unmanned plane install know the real situation experiment under be not present do
Disturb, otherwise enter in next step.
Step 5：Directional diagram assessment test after antenna installation；
Directional diagram assessment test can carry out actual test checking to the directional diagram emulated in step 2 after antenna installation, accurate
True property is higher than emulating.After being loaded in aircraft carrier due to antenna, directional diagram can produce distortion, although antenna is examined in the design
The influence of antenna platform is considered, but often antenna seldom adds the influence of platform, therefore counterweight when carrying out performance test
The performance of point antenna, can be tested the part of aircraft platform and antenna together, the performance after test antenna direction installation.
If directional diagram performance can not meet index request, return to step one readjusts the position of antenna, while ensures to other days
Line on isolation and directional diagram performance do not influence, otherwise enter in next step.
Step 6：Antenna installation unmanned plane scale model blowing test；
Unmanned plane scale model blowing test can carry out verification experimental verification to the aeroperformance of unmanned plane, and this step is to step
Rapid three verification experimental verification.In order to further verify the influence after antenna installation to the aeroperformance of unmanned aerial vehicle platform, can design
Experiment is blowed in the scale model or partial model of full machine in wind-tunnel, and the influence to aeroperformance is further verified.Such as
Fruit aeroperformance can not meet index request, then need to return to step 1, otherwise enter in next step.
Step 7：Antenna installation aft antenna coupled level test checking.
Antenna coupled level test checking can receive miscellaneous equipment with comprehensive verification under other airborne equipment working conditions
Level under the sensitivity of receiver, so as to normal work.After formal all equipment and antenna formally installation, really
When recognizing miscellaneous equipment work, whether interference is produced to each reception antenna.For all reception antennas, single reception is each turned off
Antenna is simultaneously connected on frequency spectrograph or receiver, miscellaneous equipment normal work, measures what antenna received in receives frequency
Coupled level IC, such as IC＜ IAI+CFTR, then it is assumed that reception antenna can be with normal work, into next step；Otherwise, return to step
One, transmitting-receiving is readjusted to the position between antenna, while ensures do not have to the isolation and directional diagram performance of other antennas pair
Influence.
Step 8：Inspection is interfered between transceiver pair；
It is to check all installation antenna equipments that inspection is interfered between transceiver pair, is received and dispatched between in various work
Whether can be the purpose of whole antenna arrangement design with compatible operations in frequency.
To in step 1, completion (1), (2) are right afterwardsWithMiddle element be 0 antenna pair so that transmitting equipment
The lower boundary of tranmitting frequency, centre, coboundary work are taken in tranmitting frequency, receiving device is respectively in lower boundary, centre, coboundary
Whether work, determining can be with compatible operations between each frequency pair.If incompatible equipment, then the hair in transceiver is checked
Penetrate and receive in frequency range, whether equipment launching electrical level is exceeded, there is exceeded, transmitting terminal increase wave filter；Check the sensitive of receiver
Degree is being launched and is receiving whether meet index in frequency range；The adjustment transmitting-receiving of return to step one ensures the position between antenna simultaneously
On other antennas on isolation and directional diagram performance do not influence.
After step 1 to step 8, optimize completionWithFor final antenna mounting locations.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of unmanned aerial vehicle onboard antenna arrangement design and verification method, including following steps：
Step 1：Aerial position optimization layout is carried out according to isolation between antennas；
(1) transmitting antenna initial makeup location is determinedWith the installation site of reception antenna
The installation site of m-th of transmitting antenna is represented, m ∈ [1, M], M represent the number of transmitting antenna, and s represents transmitting antenna；The installation site of n-th of reception antenna antenna is represented, n ∈ [1, N], N represent the number of reception antenna, and r represents reception antenna；
(2) determination there may be the antenna pair of interference；
Specifically include following steps：
Firstth, the interference matrix of transmitting antenna, reception antenna in tranmitting frequency is establishedM represents m-th of transmitting antenna, n tables
Show n-th of reception antenna, EmThe tranmitting frequency of m-th of transmitting antenna is represented, the initial value for putting each element in matrix is 1,
Element is 1 expression dual-mode antenna interference, is not disturbed for 0 expression dual-mode antenna；
Secondth, the interference matrix of transmitting antenna, reception antenna in receives frequency is establishedM represents m-th of transmitting antenna, n tables
Show n-th of reception antenna, RnThe receives frequency of n-th of reception antenna is represented, the initial value for putting each element in matrix is 1；
3rd, determine transmitting antenna and reception be not in interference antenna pair, and handleThe antenna of interference is not present in matrix
0 is arranged to corresponding position；Handle simultaneouslyThe antenna that interference is not present in matrix is arranged to 0 to corresponding position；
4th, willTranmitting frequency is that antennas more than 5 overtones bands of receives frequency is arranged to 0 to corresponding position in matrix,
Simultaneously willMiddle tranmitting frequency is that antennas more than 5 overtones bands of receives frequency is arranged to 0 to corresponding position in matrix；
(3) calculateWithWhether element can not produce interference between 0 antenna pair
CalculateWithElement is not the isolation between antennas between 0 antenna pair in matrixWith Represent m-th of hair
Antenna and n-th of reception antenna are penetrated, on receives frequency point, the isolation between two antennas；Represent m-th of transmitting day
Line and n-th of reception antenna, on tranmitting frequency point, the isolation between two antennas；
Establish the profile of unmanned plane and the electromagnetic simulation software model of antenna using business electromagnetic field simulation software, and by antenna mould
Type is laid out the position for being arranged on preliminary placementWithOn, it is rightIn be not 0 interference pair, calculate m-th of transmitting antenna and n
Individual reception antenna, in receives frequency S12Parameter conductIn tranmitting frequency S12Parameter conduct
According to
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Antenna receives and dispatches the interference nargin IM between>During 5dB, interference will not be produced between dual-mode antenna；If dual-mode antenna pair
In the absence of interference thenWithCorresponding position 0, otherwise puts 1 in matrix；
IM is to disturb nargin, P in formula (1)TFor transmitter power,Loss for transmitter port to the cable between antenna,For reception antenna to the cable loss between receiver port, IAIFor the sensitivity of receiver, CFTRFor the anti-dry of receiver
Disturb the factor；LGLDIt is in tranmitting frequency to m-th of transmitting antenna and n reception antenna for the isolation between dual-mode antenna port
On beIt is in receives frequency
Adjust the position of dual-mode antennaWith(1) to (3) is repeated to causeWithIn all element be 0；
Step 2：Directional diagram Performance Analysis after antenna installation；
According to the position of the antenna obtained in step 1WithUsing electromagnetic field simulation software establish unmanned plane profile and
The electromagnetic simulation software model of antenna, the pattern characteristics of each transmitting antenna or reception antenna are calculated, it is determined that due to nobody
After the influence of machine platform carrier, the directional diagram of phantom antenna；If directional diagram performance can not meet index request, need again
Determine the installation site of antennaWithIsolation is recalculated, ensures that interference, while day is not present between dual-mode antenna pair
Line directional diagram meets index request；
Step 3：Unmanned plane aeroperformance is analyzed after antenna installation；
According to the position of the antenna obtained in step 2WithUsing hydrodynamics software, the profile and day of unmanned plane are established
The electromagnetic simulation model of line imports electromagnetism calculating network model, carries out the emulation of aerodynamic configuration, if aeroperformance reduces
More than 3%, then step 1 is re-started to three, re-starts position optimization；
Step 4：Isolation between antennas assessment test；
The assessment test of isolation between antennas is carried out, obtains the isolation angle value L between antennaGLD；Test result is substituted into step 1
Formula (1) in, IM is verified, determines the IM of all antennas>5；If the IM of antenna pair<5 situation, then adjustment are received
Send out the position of antennaWithIt is so that allWithAntenna is to IM>5；
Step 5：Directional diagram assessment test after antenna installation；
After antenna is loaded in aircraft carrier, the performance after test antenna direction installation；If directional diagram performance can not meet index
It is required that readjust the position of antenna, at the same ensure on other antennas on isolation and directional diagram performance do not influence；
Step 6：Antenna installation unmanned plane scale model blowing test；
Experiment is blowed in wind-tunnel using the scale model or partial model of full machine, if aeroperformance can not meet to refer to
Mark requires, need to re-start step 1 to six；
Step 7：Antenna installation aft antenna coupled level test checking；
After formal all equipment and antenna formally installation, when confirming miscellaneous equipment work, whether each reception antenna is produced
Interference；For all reception antennas, it is each turned off single reception antenna and is connected on frequency spectrograph or receiver, Qi Tashe
Standby normal work, measures the coupled level I that antenna receives in receives frequencyC, such as IC＜ IAI+CFTR, then it is assumed that reception antenna
Normal work；Otherwise transmitting-receiving is readjusted to the position between antenna, while ensures the isolation to other antennas pair and direction
Figure performance does not influence；
Step 8：Inspection is interfered between transceiver pair；
To in step 1, completion (1), (2) are right afterwardsWithMiddle element is not 0 antenna pair so that transmitting equipment is being launched
The lower boundary of tranmitting frequency, centre, coboundary work are taken in frequency, receiving device is respectively in lower boundary, centre, coboundary work
Make, whether determine can be with compatible operations between each frequency pair；If incompatible equipment, then the transmitting in transceiver is checked
In reception frequency range, whether equipment launching electrical level is exceeded, there is exceeded, transmitting terminal increase wave filter；Check the sensitivity of receiver
Launching and receiving whether meet index in frequency range；The adjustment of return to step one is received and dispatched to the position between antenna, while guarantee pair
Other antennas on isolation and directional diagram performance do not influence；
After step 1 to step 8, optimize completionWithFor final antenna mounting locations.
2. a kind of unmanned aerial vehicle onboard antenna arrangement design according to claim 1 and verification method, (1) of the step 1
According to following principle arrange antenna：
A) satellite navigation aerial is arranged in the full machine center of gravity fuselage upper part of unmanned plane；
B) defend logical link transmission antenna and be arranged in forebody top；
C) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) antenna is arranged in the bottom of fuselage；
D) array antenna being made up of multiple antennas is first arranged, then arranges the antenna of individual antenna unit；
E) dual-mode antenna similar in frequency at a distance of be more than 1 meter.
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| CN106559145A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2017-04-05 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | A kind of isolation between antennas test system and method for testing |
| CN106053966B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-11-30 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Naval vessel platform antenna preferred arrangement experimental method based on auxiliary antenna field strength measurement |
| CN111313142B (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2022-05-27 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Movable device and unmanned vehicles |
| CN108681616B (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2022-05-17 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十六研究所 | Method and device for selecting installation point of antenna outside airplane cabin and intelligent terminal |
| CN109131939B (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-08-14 | 中国空间技术研究院 | Satellite equipment layout method and system based on electromagnetic radiation environment |
| CN110783693A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-02-11 | 中航通飞研究院有限公司 | Antenna layout method based on amphibious aircraft |
| CN112067235B (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-08-13 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Horn antenna S for reducing high-power microwave irradiation wind tunnel test11Arrangement of parameters |
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Inventor after: Zeng Guoqi Inventor after: Xiang Jinwu Inventor after: Cui Kai Inventor before: Zeng Guoqi Inventor before: Xiang Jinwu Inventor before: Liu Fangyuan |
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Application publication date: 20160127 Assignee: Beijing northern sky long hawk UAV Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: BEIHANG University Contract record no.: X2021990000039 Denomination of invention: A layout design and verification method of UAV airborne antenna Granted publication date: 20180213 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20210119 |
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