CN105277607A - Method for authenticating plant oil and waste food oil through SIFT/MS - Google Patents
Method for authenticating plant oil and waste food oil through SIFT/MS Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of food safety detection, and particularly relates to a method for authenticating plant oil and waste food oil through SIFT/MS. The method detects 28 components, namely, furan, acrylamide, furfural, 2-amyl furan and acrolein which are produced by heating and inducing grease, external pollutants including citral, limonene, diallyl sulfide, m-cresol, 4-isopropyltoluene and methyl chavicol, oxidation decomposition aldehyde products including heptanal, octanal, hept-2-enal, 3-hexene aldehyde, trans-2-octen-1-al and (E, E)-2- decadienal, oxidation decomposition acid products including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid and caproic acid, and other oxidation decomposition products including acetone, butanone, 2-heptanone, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butyrolactone and propyl propionate, thereby authenticating plant oil and waste food oil. The method saves reagent cost, is free of advanced concentration, column separation and standard products, and has the advantages of being high in sensitivity, simple, rapid, accurate and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of food safety detection, relate to a kind of method utilizing SIFT/MS plant identification oil and discarded meal oil particularly.
Background technology
At present for detection and the false distinguishing of plant wet goods edible oil and fat, mainly measure the change of its xenobiotic pollutants and its proper constituent (also known as endogenous components).1. for exogenous pollution thing, main detection: conventional physical and chemical index---moisture, proportion, index of refraction, acid value, peroxide value, carbonyl value, iodine number etc.; Heavy metal---Fe, Pb, Cr, Zn, Mn and associated conductivity etc.; Animal fat possibility---cholesterol; Mineral oil stain---C
9-14secondary products---the acetaldehyde that alkane and Oxidation of Fat and Oils go bad; Surfactant (washing agent remains)---neopelex, mycotoxin---AFB etc.2. for endogenous components change indicator, main detection: D-GLAC, oxidation triglyceride, index of unsaturated fatty acid, low carbon number fatty acid, grease characteristic fingerprint pattern etc.But the detection of these indexs, is usually difficult to distinguish with the similar index of discarded meal oil, is therefore difficult to be differentiated them.And some important index, as discarded meal with in oily heating process the material such as furans, furfural, 2-amyl furan, acrylamide, acryl aldehyde that produces, also not it can be used as the characteristics index of detection or differential plant oil or the oily true and false of discarded meal at present.
For the detection of discarded meal oil, especially waste oil, report large quantity measuring method, only the patent documentation of domestic disclosed waste oil detection technique has 100 more than one piece, comprise the technology such as spectrum, chromatogram, conductivity, mass spectrum, acid number, nuclear magnetic resonance, test paper, although these technology can differentiate the discarded meal oil of trench wet goods under certain conditions, but because discarded meal oil source is complicated, kind is many, the selectivity of most detection technique is poor, is difficult to accurately be detected; Some technology then needs to detect multiple characteristic index, need multiple analytical instrument and equipment usually, and detecting step is loaded down with trivial details, and consuming time longer, testing cost is higher, or accuracy is high etc., far can not adapt to fast, accurately and the demand of Site Detection.
Therefore, at present in the urgent need to developing new quick, easy, reliable detection technique, discard the qualitative and quantitative analysis of meal oil for trench wet goods.
Waste oil detection method is once collected in China twice by the Ministry of Public Health, but the actual identification result that method is collected by institute is unsatisfactory, does not also announce national unified, effective, general detection method so far.
As can be seen here, do many research work although domestic, up to the present, also do not detect the method that trench wet goods discards meal oil accurately, fast and easily.
Summary of the invention
Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is the shortcoming and defect overcoming existing vegetable oil authentication detection technology, and provide a kind of method utilizing SIFT/MS plant identification oil and discarded meal oil, the method is easy, quick, accurate.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Utilize a method for SIFT/MS plant identification oil and discarded meal oil, comprise following steps:
(1) will detect sample loads in airtight container, after all gas reaches the state of vapor liquid equilibrium in 60 ~ 70 DEG C of heated at constant temperature 30 ~ 80 minutes to container, Selective ion mode flow duct mass spectroscopy (SIFT/MS) is adopted to measure volatile ingredient in airtight container head space and semi-volatility component (Semi-volatile-organic-compound): described volatile ingredient and semi-volatility component comprise thermal decomposition product, xenobiotic pollutants, oxidative degradation products;
(2) according to component, content, the ratio qualification testing sample type of measured gas componant:
When in detection sample containing oxidative degradation products 2-HEPTANONE, 2-octenal, (E, E)-2,4-decadienal, thermal decomposition product furans, during this 6 kinds of compositions of xenobiotic pollutants citral, estragole, can judge to detect sample as vegetable oil; Otherwise, then discarded meal oil is judged to be;
Detection sample described in step (1) is vegetable oil or discarded meal oil;
Described vegetable oil is soybean oil, at least one in peanut oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, tea oil, sesame oil and blending stock (blent formed by peanut oil, rapeseed oil, soybean wet goods); Described discarded meal oil is at least one in waste oil, frying oil and discarded animal offal oil;
Described waste oil refers in the trench near the restaurant of dining room, and the greasy floating thing of the canescence above sewage, is collected by grease trap, has then sent through artificial refinement and has become sour and the grease that should not eat again or its concise product; Described frying oil is at high temperature repeatedly for fried food, is oxidized, is hydrolyzed, the reaction of the deterioration such as polymerization, can not continue the grease eaten again; Described discarded animal offal oil refers to the animal fat that be not suitable for eat of the discarded pluck collected by the market of farm produce through refining;
The volume ratio (i.e. liquid-gas ratio) of the detection sample described in step (1) and airtight container is preferably 1:50 ~ 100;
The Functionality, quality and appealing design of the detection sample described in step (1) elects 5 ~ 25 grams as;
The volume of the airtight container described in step (1) is preferably 0.5 ~ 3 liter;
Thermal decomposition product described in step (1) comprises furans, acrylamide, furfural, 2-amyl furan and acryl aldehyde (5 kinds);
Xenobiotic pollutants described in step (1) comprises citral, citrene, allyl sulfide, metacresol (m-cresol), 4-isopropyl toluene and estragole (6 kinds);
Oxidative degradation products described in step (1) comprises aldehydes, acids and other oxidative degradation products;
Described aldehydes comprises enanthaldehyde, octanal, 2-heptenal, 3-hexenoic aldehyde, 2-octenal and (E, E)-2-decadienal (6 kinds);
Described acids comprises acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid and caproic acid (5 kinds);
Described other oxidative degradation products (alcohol, ketone, ester) comprises acetone, butanone, 2-HEPTANONE, 1,3-PD, GBL and propyl propionate (6 kinds);
SIFT/MS method for measuring described in step (1) is: choice ion pattern (SIM), and argon gas and helium are carrier gas, H
3o
+, NO
+and O
2 +as precursor ion, adopt as table 1 kinetic parameter calculating survey 28 kinds of gas componant content:
Table 1SIFT/MS measures the parameter of 28 kinds of gas componants in oil
The measurement operation that SIFT/MS described in step (1) measures is preferably:
First level Four bar and second level Four bar of SIFT-MS are respectively 25ms and 10ms stabilization time; Microwave power: 50W; Air is used as ion source gas; Gas flow is respectively 2 and 3KPaL/s; The gas flow of sample and kapillary is respectively 0.45 and 1.3KPaL/s; Before mensuration, use code according to instrument, the calibrating gas utilizing company to provide carries out precision and exact test;
The condition determination that SIFT/MS described in step (1) measures is preferably: sweep time 60s; The computing relay time, 5s; Sampling period, 100ms; Presoma, 25ms; Sample inlet temperature, 120 DEG C; Carrier gas argon pressure, 200KPa; Helium pressure, 0.5MPa; The vacuum pressure of stream pipe is 5Pa;
Qualification testing sample type described in step (2), also comprises the steps:
Containing higher thermal decomposition product, xenobiotic pollutants and oxidative degradation products when detecting in sample, can judge to detect sample as waste oil;
When in detection sample containing xenobiotic pollutants, and GBL >=950ng/mL, furans >=130ng/mL, furfural >=60ng/mL, acrylamide >=100ng/mL time, can judge to detect sample as waste oil;
When not containing furfural, 2-amyl furan, butyric acid, caproic acid and citrene in detection sample, but containing 1,3-PD 1100 >=1200ng/mL and acryl aldehyde >=4600ng/mL, can judge to detect sample as discarded animal offal oil:
The composition the highest when volatile component content in detection sample is organic acid, when the content of other composition is all lower than 1000ng/mL, can judge to detect sample as frying oil;
Preferably, in described organic acid, butyric acid content is the highest, propionic acid takes second place, acetic acid the 3rd;
Preferred further, the content >=10000ng/mL of described butyric acid, the content >=8300ng/mL of propionic acid, the content >=4163ng/mL of acetic acid;
The present invention has following advantage and effect relative to prior art:
(1) do not need 28 kinds of ingredient standard product and carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis, the cost that saves time is low.
(2) do not need to carry out chromatographic column separation and Simultaneously test 28 kinds of characteristic chemical constituents as required.Direct acquisition sealed sample vessel top air body is analyzed, and does not need to make most of material composition be difficult to be separated by chromatographic column.
(3) highly sensitive (10
-12g): nanogram level content can be measured, even lower than above-mentioned 28 kinds of compositions of nanogram level content, especially accuracy can detect that fatty acid is heated material composition that is that oxygenolysis produces and trace.
(4) low temperature sample introduction (≤70 DEG C): do not destroy 28 compositions in surveyed grease under this condition.
(5) easy to use: sample does not need extraction, enrichment, rough segmentation or segmentation, directly carry out vapor liquid equilibrium with crude oil and namely can be used for measuring, this is that quick, a large amount of working sample provides possibility; SIFT-MS instrument can move, to be loaded on vehicle to market, on-site measurement is carried out in market, and this provides Reliable guarantee for situ appraisal vegetable oil.
(6) finding speed is fast: on each sample, the time of machine practical measurement is 2 minutes, and this provides guarantee for a large amount of working sample.If necessary, both can the real time measure after changing a little.
(7) reagent costs such as standard specimen, extraction agent, chromatogram flow phase are saved.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the mass-to-charge ratio figure that embodiment 1 measures ion.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
The content of thermal decomposition product, xenobiotic pollutants, oxidative degradation products totally 28 kinds of components in the present embodiment research separate sources vegetable oil (different soybean oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, tea oil, sunflower oil, blending stock (be raw material by soya-bean oil, peanut oil rapeseed oil)), animal offal oil, frying oil, former waste oil, refining trench wet goods 86 samples, concrete grammar is:
5 grams of samples are added in 540mL vial, with the rubber seal rings for seal that can be penetrated by stainless steel syringe needle, put into 65 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control maintenance 60 minutes, according to table 1, requiring, assaying reaction ion is set, detect ion and adopt the reaction rate constant of ion; First level Four bar and second level Four bar of SIFT-MS are respectively 25ms and 10ms stabilization time; Microwave power: 50W; Air is used as ion source gas; Gas flow is respectively 2 and 3KPaL/s; The gas flow of sample and kapillary is respectively 0.45 and 1.3KPaL/s.The sweep time adopted, 60s; The computing relay time, 5s; Sampling period 100ms; Presoma, 25ms; Sample inlet temperature, 120 DEG C; Carrier gas argon pressure is 200KPa; Helium pressure, 0.5MPa; The vacuum pressure of stream pipe is 5Pa (Fig. 1).
Result is as shown in table 2, according to measurement result, can determine that institute's test sample product belong to vegetable oil or discarded meal oil by the content of its various composition and ratio etc.:
In measured 28 kinds of compositions, not containing oxidative degradation products 2-HEPTANONE, 2-octenal, (E in vegetable oil, E)-2,4-decadienal, thermal decomposition product furans, 6 kinds of compositions such as xenobiotic pollutants citral, estragole, on the contrary, containing these compositions or most of composition wherein in discarded meal oil; Then vegetable oil and discarded meal oil can be differentiated accordingly.In addition, other 22 composition in vegetable oil outside all above-mentioned 6 kinds of measuring is all far beyond the low several times of discarded meal oil content or 1 ~ 3 order of magnitude.Therefore, vegetable oil and discarded meal oil can be identified easily according to these 2.
The detection method discarded between meal oil for difference is:
Waste oil: general containing higher oxidative cleavage of fatty acids thing, thermal degradation products and xenobiotic pollutants, usually the several times of other discarded meal oil, especially GBL (950 ~ 1800ng/mL), furans (130 ~ 530), furfural (90 ~ 120ng/mL), acrylamide (100 ~ 450ng/mL) are all distinguished higher than frying oil, discarded animal offal oil;
Discarded animal offal oil: not containing 2-HEPTANONE, (E, E)-2,4-decadienal, 2-amyl furan, butyric acid, caproic acid, citral, citrene, estragole, but can differentiate with frying oil, trench wet goods containing higher 1,3-PD (1100-1200ng/mL) and acryl aldehyde (4600-5000ng/mL).
Frying oil: composition in above-mentioned 28, the composition that its Volatility Levels is the highest is organic acid, butyric acid content the highest (10000-11000ng/mL) wherein, propionic acid take second place (8300-9100ng/mL), acetic acid the 3rd (4163-4600ng/mL), and the content of other composition is all lower than 1000ng/mL.
Table 228 kind of composition is at the comparision contents (unit: ng/mLng/mLng/mL) of vegetable oil with discarded meal oil
*: except label range escaping gas, all the other composition variations amplitudes are 5 ~ 10%.
Embodiment 2
5 grams of unknown oil samples are added in 540mL vial, with the rubber seal rings for seal that can be penetrated by stainless steel syringe needle, put into 65 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control maintenance 60 minutes, according to subordinate list 1, requiring, assaying reaction ion is set, detect ion and adopt the reaction rate constant of ion; First level Four bar and second level Four bar of SIFT-MS are respectively 25ms and 10ms stabilization time; Microwave power: 50W; Air is used as ion source gas; Gas flow is respectively 2 and 3KPaL/s; The gas flow of sample and kapillary is respectively 0.45 and 1.3KPaL/s.The sweep time adopted, 60s; The computing relay time, 5s; Sampling period 100ms; Presoma, 25ms; Sample inlet temperature, 120 DEG C; Carrier gas argon pressure is 200KPa; Helium pressure, 0.5MPa; The vacuum pressure of stream pipe is 5Pa.
When measuring the 1,3-PD 1150ng/mL in oil sample, acryl aldehyde 4610ng/mL, but not containing furfural, 2-amyl furan, butyric acid, caproic acid, citrene, according to table 2, can judge that this sample is discarded animal offal oil, conform to actual result.
Embodiment 3
Add in 540mL vial by 5 grams of unknown oil samples, with the rubber seal rings for seal that can be penetrated by stainless steel syringe needle, put into 65 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control maintenance 60 minutes, assay method is with embodiment 1.
When measuring in this unknown oil sample 1,4-butyrolactone 1100ng/mL, furans 140ng/mL, furfural 120ng/mL, acrylamide 400ng/mL, citral 380ng/mL, estragole 30ng/mL, 4-isopropyl toluene 3000ng/mL, can judge that this oil sample belongs to the discarded meal oil of trench oils with reference to table 2, conform to actual result.
Embodiment 4
Add in 540mL vial by 5 grams of unknown oil samples, with the rubber seal rings for seal that can be penetrated by stainless steel syringe needle, put into 65 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control maintenance 60 minutes, assay method is with embodiment 1.
2-HEPTANONE, (E is not detected in this unknown oil sample, E)-2,4-decadienal, 2-octenal, furans, citral, methyl pepper powder 6 kinds of compositions, this oil sample that can break with table 2 accordingly belongs to common vegetable oil but not discarded meal oil, conforms to actual result.
Embodiment 5
Added by 25 grams of unknown oil samples in the stainless steel cylinder of 3L, with the rubber seal rings for seal that can be penetrated by stainless steel syringe needle, put into 65 DEG C of waters bath with thermostatic control maintenance 60 minutes, assay method is with embodiment 1.
When measuring in this unknown oil sample 28 in volatility or half volatile material, its butyric acid content the highest (10050ng/mL), propionic acid take second place (8500ng/mL), acetic acid the 3rd (4463ng/mL), and the content of other composition is all lower than 900ng/mL.Can judge that this oil sample belongs to the discarded meal oil of frying oil class accordingly with table 2, conform to actual result.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; change, the modification done under other any does not deviate from Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. utilize a method for SIFT/MS plant identification oil and discarded meal oil, it is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) will detect sample loads in airtight container, after all gas reaches the state of vapor liquid equilibrium in 60 ~ 70 DEG C of heated at constant temperature 30 ~ 80 minutes to container, SIFT/MS is adopted to measure volatile ingredient in airtight container head space and semi-volatility component: described volatile ingredient and semi-volatility component comprise thermal decomposition product, xenobiotic pollutants, oxidative degradation products;
(2) according to component, content, the ratio qualification testing sample type of measured gas componant:
When in detection sample containing oxidative degradation products 2-HEPTANONE, 2-octenal, (E, E)-2,4-decadienal, thermal decomposition product furans, during this 6 kinds of compositions of xenobiotic pollutants citral, estragole, judges that detection sample is as vegetable oil; Otherwise, then discarded meal oil is judged to be.
2. the method utilizing SIFT/MS plant identification oil and discarded meal oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The volume ratio of the detection sample described in step (1) and airtight container is 1:50 ~ 100.
3. the method utilizing SIFT/MS plant identification oil and discarded meal oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Thermal decomposition product described in step (1) comprises furans, acrylamide, furfural, 2-amyl furan and acryl aldehyde.
4. the method utilizing SIFT/MS plant identification oil and discarded meal oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Xenobiotic pollutants described in step (1) comprises citral, citrene, allyl sulfide, metacresol, 4-isopropyl toluene and estragole.
5. the method utilizing SIFT/MS plant identification oil and discarded meal oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Oxidative degradation products described in step (1) comprises aldehydes, acids and other oxidative degradation products;
Described aldehydes comprises enanthaldehyde, octanal, 2-heptenal, 3-hexenoic aldehyde, 2-octenal and (E, E)-2-decadienal;
Described acids comprises acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid and caproic acid;
Other described oxidative degradation products comprises acetone, butanone, 2-HEPTANONE, 1,3-PD, GBL and propyl propionate.
6. the method utilizing SIFT/MS plant identification oil and discarded meal oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
SIFT/MS method for measuring described in step (1) is: choice ion pattern, and argon gas and helium are carrier gas, H
3o
+, NO
+and O
2 +as precursor ion, adopt following kinetic parameter to calculate survey 28 kinds of gas componant content:
7. the method utilizing SIFT/MS plant identification oil and discarded meal oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The measurement operation that SIFT/MS described in step (1) measures is:
First level Four bar and second level Four bar of SIFT-MS are respectively 25ms and 10ms stabilization time; Microwave power: 50W; Air is used as ion source gas; Gas flow is respectively 2 and 3KPaL/s; The gas flow of sample and kapillary is respectively 0.45 and 1.3KPaL/s.
8. the method utilizing SIFT/MS plant identification oil and discarded meal oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The condition determination that SIFT/MS described in step (1) measures is: sweep time 60s; The computing relay time, 5s; Sampling period, 100ms; Presoma, 25ms; Sample inlet temperature, 120 DEG C; Carrier gas argon pressure, 200KPa; Helium pressure, 0.5MPa; The vacuum pressure of stream pipe is 5Pa.
9. the method utilizing SIFT/MS plant identification oil and discarded meal oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Qualification testing sample type described in step (2), also comprises the steps:
When in detection sample containing xenobiotic pollutants, and GBL >=950ng/mL, furans >=130ng/mL, furfural >=60ng/mL, acrylamide >=100ng/mL time, judges that detection sample is as waste oil;
When not containing furfural, 2-amyl furan, butyric acid, caproic acid and citrene in detection sample, but containing 1,3-PD 1100 >=1200ng/mL and acryl aldehyde >=4600ng/mL, judging to detect sample as animal offal oil:
The composition the highest when volatile component content in detection sample is organic acid, when the content of other composition is all lower than 1000ng/mL, judges to detect sample as frying oil.
10. the method utilizing SIFT/MS plant identification oil and discarded meal oil according to claim 9, is characterized in that:
In described organic acid, butyric acid content is the highest, propionic acid takes second place, acetic acid the 3rd.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114199986A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-18 | 河南牧业经济学院 | Method for simultaneously determining 3 aldehyde compounds in beer |
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| CN114199986A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-18 | 河南牧业经济学院 | Method for simultaneously determining 3 aldehyde compounds in beer |
| CN114199986B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2024-05-07 | 河南牧业经济学院 | Method for simultaneously measuring 3 aldehyde compounds in beer |
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