CN105276833B - A kind of solar water heating system and heat pump heat refrigeration system and its method - Google Patents
A kind of solar water heating system and heat pump heat refrigeration system and its method Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 246
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种太阳能热泵制热制冷系统及其方法。太阳能热水系统通过流向调节装置改变集热器出口循环液流向，从而实现太阳能在多水箱中分级储热。太阳能热泵制热制冷系统以太阳能热水系统为基础，与空气源热泵热水系统进行结合，在制热循环时，以换热器作为蒸发器从空气中获取能量加热第一水箱；当换热器结霜时，又将其作为冷凝器，从第二水箱获取能量进行除霜。而基于该系统的太阳能热泵制热制冷方法，可以通过调整各个阀门的开合，根据不同季节采取不同运行方式。本系统采用了水箱按太阳能辐射强度进行分级储能，提高了太阳能的利用率，在极端条件下也能维持良好的供热或供冷效果。
The invention discloses a solar heat pump heating and cooling system and a method thereof. The solar hot water system changes the flow direction of the circulating liquid at the outlet of the collector through the flow direction adjustment device, so as to realize the hierarchical heat storage of solar energy in multiple water tanks. The solar heat pump heating and cooling system is based on the solar hot water system and combined with the air source heat pump hot water system. During the heating cycle, the heat exchanger is used as the evaporator to obtain energy from the air to heat the first water tank; When the condenser is frosted, it is used as a condenser to obtain energy from the second water tank for defrosting. The solar heat pump heating and cooling method based on this system can adopt different operation modes according to different seasons by adjusting the opening and closing of each valve. This system uses water tanks to store energy in grades according to the intensity of solar radiation, which improves the utilization rate of solar energy and can maintain good heating or cooling effects under extreme conditions.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于太阳能热泵领域，具体涉及一种太阳能热水系统和热泵制热制冷系统及其方法。The invention belongs to the field of solar heat pumps, and in particular relates to a solar water heating system, a heat pump heating and cooling system and a method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国人民生活水平的提高，建筑能耗不断增加，其中建筑供热和生活热水能耗增长尤其快。传统的供热能源为化石燃料，属于不可再生，并且造成空气污染，而且还导致全球变暖。在我国南方和夏热冬冷地区，生活热水系统多采用燃气热水器和电热水器，存在效率低和能源品位浪费的问题。因此，太阳能热利用和高效的空气源热泵热水器是很好的节能方案。With the improvement of people's living standards in our country, building energy consumption continues to increase, in which building heating and domestic hot water energy consumption growth is particularly fast. Traditional heating energy sources are fossil fuels, which are non-renewable, cause air pollution, and contribute to global warming. In southern my country and hot summer and cold winter regions, gas water heaters and electric water heaters are mostly used in domestic hot water systems, which have the problems of low efficiency and waste of energy quality. Therefore, solar heat utilization and efficient air source heat pump water heaters are good energy-saving solutions.
但是，这两个技术单独应用都有缺点。太阳能是不稳定的能源，太阳辐射不足时，无法满足供暖和热水需求，而空气源热泵的效率则随着外界温度降低而降低，在低温天气时制热效果无法保证。因此，将两个系统结合，提高热泵效率，提高太阳能利用率，是当前技术的发展方向。However, both techniques have disadvantages when used alone. Solar energy is an unstable energy source. When the solar radiation is insufficient, the demand for heating and hot water cannot be met. However, the efficiency of the air source heat pump decreases as the outside temperature decreases, and the heating effect cannot be guaranteed in low temperature weather. Therefore, it is the development direction of current technology to combine the two systems to improve the efficiency of the heat pump and improve the utilization rate of solar energy.
目前这类太阳能和热泵结合的技术方案主要分为两类：(1)将太阳能获得的热量用于热泵的蒸发端热源，可以是直膨式的应用(如200710022284.4，201410222276.4)或者使用蓄热水箱的间接式(或串联式，如专利CN201220382850.9)。这种方法虽然能够提高太阳辐射很小时的集热效率，但这部分太阳能本身量不大，并且需要通过消耗压缩机的功来获得。这部分额外的功耗使得系统整体能效比没有那么好。此外，直接彭式系统存在压缩机蒸发端工况变化大，除霜结冰，和过热的问题，对压缩机的要求大，导致实用性差。最后，对于设备较为分散的系统，直膨式的系统对制冷剂的消耗量增大，增加了费用。(2)太阳能作为补充热源，和空气源热泵并联向水箱供热(如专利200810026991.5)。这种系统稳定性和可靠性较第一种好，但因为太阳能集热系统始终处于高温水箱的工作模式，集热效率不高。At present, this kind of technical solution combining solar energy and heat pump is mainly divided into two categories: (1) The heat obtained by solar energy is used as the heat source at the evaporation end of the heat pump, which can be a direct expansion application (such as 200710022284.4, 201410222276.4) or use hot water storage The indirect type (or series type, such as patent CN201220382850.9) of the box. Although this method can improve the heat collection efficiency when the solar radiation is small, the amount of this part of solar energy itself is not large, and it needs to be obtained by consuming the work of the compressor. This part of the extra power consumption makes the overall energy efficiency of the system not so good. In addition, the direct Peng type system has the problems of large changes in the working conditions of the evaporating end of the compressor, defrosting and icing, and overheating, which places great demands on the compressor, resulting in poor practicability. Finally, for a system with scattered equipment, the direct expansion system consumes more refrigerant and increases the cost. (2) Solar energy is used as a supplementary heat source, and the air source heat pump is connected in parallel to supply heat to the water tank (such as patent 200810026991.5). This system has better stability and reliability than the first one, but because the solar heat collection system is always in the working mode of the high-temperature water tank, the heat collection efficiency is not high.
因此，目前太阳能和热泵结合在效率方面还有改进的空间。Therefore, there is still room for improvement in terms of the efficiency of the current combination of solar energy and heat pumps.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中存在的问题，并提供一种多功能太阳能热泵空调系统及其方法。具体技术方案如下：The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in the prior art, and provide a multifunctional solar heat pump air conditioning system and its method. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
本发明首先提供了一种太阳能热水系统，包括第一流向调节装置、第二流向调节装置、太阳能集热器、循环水泵、第一换热器、第一水箱和第二水箱；第一换热器设置于第一水箱中；太阳能集热器的出水口连接第一流向调节装置的入口；第一流向调节装置的出口一路与第一换热器的入口相连，另一路与第一换热器的出口相连，第二流向调节装置的入口与第一换热器的出口相连；第二流向调节装置的出口一路与第二水箱入口相连，另一路与第二水箱出口相连，第二水箱的出口与太阳能集热器相连；循环水泵用于为太阳能热水系统提供动力；第一流向调节装置、第二流向调节装置用于改变出口循环液流向。The present invention firstly provides a solar water heating system, including a first flow direction regulating device, a second flow direction regulating device, a solar heat collector, a circulating water pump, a first heat exchanger, a first water tank and a second water tank; The heater is arranged in the first water tank; the water outlet of the solar heat collector is connected to the inlet of the first flow direction regulating device; The outlet of the second flow direction regulating device is connected with the outlet of the first heat exchanger; the outlet of the second flow direction regulating device is connected with the inlet of the second water tank one way, and the other way is connected with the outlet of the second water tank, and the outlet of the second water tank The outlet is connected to the solar heat collector; the circulating water pump is used to provide power for the solar hot water system; the first flow direction regulating device and the second flow direction regulating device are used to change the flow direction of the circulating fluid at the outlet.
作为优选方案，还包括第二换热器，第二换热器设置于第二水箱中，第二流向调节装置的出口中与第二水箱入口相连的一路延伸并与第二换热器的入口相连，第二流向调节装置的出口中与第二水箱出口相连的一路延伸并与第二换热器的出口相连。As a preferred solution, it also includes a second heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger is arranged in the second water tank, the outlet of the second flow direction adjustment device is connected to the inlet of the second water tank and extends all the way to the inlet of the second heat exchanger The outlet of the second flow direction regulating device is connected to the outlet of the second water tank and connected to the outlet of the second heat exchanger.
作为优选方案，还包括第三水箱和第七换热器，第七换热器设置于第三水箱中，第七换热器进口与第一流向调节装置的第三路出口相连，出口与第一换热器的入口相连。As a preferred solution, it also includes a third water tank and a seventh heat exchanger, the seventh heat exchanger is arranged in the third water tank, the inlet of the seventh heat exchanger is connected with the third outlet of the first flow direction regulating device, and the outlet is connected with the third outlet of the The inlet of a heat exchanger is connected.
本发明还提供了一种太阳能热泵制热制冷系统，除包括上述太阳能热水系统外，还包括空气源热泵热水系统。空气源热泵热水系统中包含有一个第八换热器，在制热循环时，第八换热器作为蒸发器从空气中获取能量加热第一水箱；当第八换热器结霜时，第八换热器作为冷凝器，从第二水箱获取能量进行除霜。The present invention also provides a solar heat pump heating and cooling system, which includes an air source heat pump water heating system in addition to the above solar water heating system. The air source heat pump hot water system contains an eighth heat exchanger. During the heating cycle, the eighth heat exchanger acts as an evaporator to obtain energy from the air to heat the first water tank; when the eighth heat exchanger is frosted, The eighth heat exchanger acts as a condenser to obtain energy from the second water tank for defrosting.
作为优选方案，当系统进行制热和制冷时，从第二水箱获取热量给第一水箱加热并通过第八换热器向空气放热。As a preferred solution, when the system is heating and cooling, heat is obtained from the second water tank to heat the first water tank and then released to the air through the eighth heat exchanger.
作为上述优选方案的一种实现方式，所述的空气源热泵循环系统包括压缩机，第一四通阀，第一三通阀，第三换热器，第二四通阀，节流阀，第四换热器和第二三通阀，所述的第三换热器和第四换热器分别设置于第一水箱和第二水箱中；所述的第三换热器一端与第一四通阀的D端连接，另一端与第二四通阀的b端连接，第四换热器一端与第二四通阀的c端连接，另一端与第二三通阀的一端连接，第二四通阀的d端依次与节流阀、第八换热器及第一三通阀的一端相连，第一三通阀的第二端与第一四通阀的C端相连，第一三通阀的第三端与第二四通阀的a端连接，第二三通阀的第二端与第一四通阀的D端相连，第二三通阀的第三端与第一四通阀的C端相连，压缩机的入口和出口分别与第一四通阀的A端和B端相连。As an implementation of the above preferred solution, the air source heat pump circulation system includes a compressor, a first four-way valve, a first three-way valve, a third heat exchanger, a second four-way valve, a throttle valve, The fourth heat exchanger and the second three-way valve, the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger are respectively arranged in the first water tank and the second water tank; one end of the third heat exchanger is connected to the first The D end of the four-way valve is connected, the other end is connected to the b end of the second four-way valve, one end of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the c end of the second four-way valve, and the other end is connected to one end of the second three-way valve. The d end of the second four-way valve is connected with the throttle valve, the eighth heat exchanger and one end of the first three-way valve in sequence, the second end of the first three-way valve is connected with the C end of the first four-way valve, and the second end of the first four-way valve is connected The third end of the first three-way valve is connected to the a end of the second four-way valve, the second end of the second three-way valve is connected to the D end of the first four-way valve, and the third end of the second three-way valve is connected to the third end of the second three-way valve. The C end of the first four-way valve is connected, and the inlet and outlet of the compressor are respectively connected with the A end and the B end of the first four-way valve.
同时，本发明还提供了一种使用上述系统的太阳能热泵制热制冷方法，可以根据不同季节采取不同运行方式，具体如下：At the same time, the present invention also provides a solar heat pump heating and cooling method using the above system, which can adopt different operating modes according to different seasons, as follows:
冬季制热水采暖模式：当有太阳辐射时，循环水泵启动，进入太阳能采暖季热水循环系统运行模式；如果第一水箱水温达不到设定温度时，启动热泵热水循环系统运行模式，当第八换热器需要除霜时，热泵进入制冷循环系统运行模式；Hot water heating mode in winter: when there is solar radiation, the circulating water pump starts and enters the operation mode of the hot water circulation system in the solar heating season; if the water temperature of the first water tank does not reach the set temperature, the heat pump hot water circulation system operation mode is started, When the eighth heat exchanger needs defrosting, the heat pump enters the refrigeration cycle system operation mode;
过渡季节单制热水模式：当有太阳辐射时，循环水泵启动，进入太阳能非采暖季热水循环系统运行模式，如果第一水箱水温达不到设定温度，启动热泵热水循环系统运行模式；Single hot water system mode in transitional season: when there is solar radiation, the circulating water pump starts and enters the operating mode of the hot water circulating system in the solar non-heating season. If the water temperature of the first water tank does not reach the set temperature, the operating mode of the heat pump hot water circulating system is started ;
夏季制热水和空调模式：当有太阳辐射时，循环水泵启动，进入太阳能非采暖季热水循环系统运行模式，如果第一水箱水温达不到设定温度，启动热泵制热水制冷模式，如果水温达到设定温度，则启动制冷循环系统运行模式。Summer hot water heating and air-conditioning mode: When there is solar radiation, the circulating water pump starts and enters the operating mode of the hot water circulation system in the solar non-heating season. If the water temperature of the first water tank does not reach the set temperature, the heat pump heating and cooling mode is started. If the water temperature reaches the set temperature, the refrigeration cycle system operation mode is started.
作为优选方案，所述的太阳能采暖季热水循环系统运行模式采用如下连接：As a preferred solution, the operation mode of the solar heating season hot water circulation system adopts the following connection:
当太阳能集热器的出口温度超过第一水箱的温度时，第一流向调节装置的出口指向第一换热器的入口，另一出口关闭，第二流向调节装置的出口指向第二换热器的入口，另一出口关闭，实现太阳能依次给第一水箱、第二水箱加热的功能；当太阳能集热器的出口温度超过第二水箱的温度并低于第一水箱的温度时，第一流向调节装置的出口指向第一换热器的出口，另一出口关闭，第二流向调节装置的出口指向第二换热器的入口，另一出口关闭，实现太阳能仅给第二水箱加热的功能；When the outlet temperature of the solar collector exceeds the temperature of the first water tank, the outlet of the first flow direction regulating device points to the inlet of the first heat exchanger, the other outlet is closed, and the outlet of the second flow direction regulating device points to the second heat exchanger The inlet of the solar collector is closed, and the other outlet is closed to realize the function of solar energy heating the first water tank and the second water tank in turn; when the outlet temperature of the solar collector exceeds the temperature of the second water tank and is lower than the temperature of the first water tank, the first flow direction The outlet of the adjustment device points to the outlet of the first heat exchanger, the other outlet is closed, the outlet of the second flow direction adjustment device points to the inlet of the second heat exchanger, and the other outlet is closed, so that the solar energy can only heat the second water tank;
所述的太阳能非采暖季热水循环系统运行模式采用如下连接：The operation mode of the solar non-heating season hot water circulation system adopts the following connections:
第一流向调节装置的出口指向第一换热器的入口，另一出口关闭，第二流向调节装置的出口指向第二换热器的出口，另一出口关闭，实现只给第一水箱加热；The outlet of the first flow direction adjusting device points to the inlet of the first heat exchanger, the other outlet is closed, the outlet of the second flow direction adjusting device points to the outlet of the second heat exchanger, and the other outlet is closed, so as to realize heating only for the first water tank;
所述的热泵热水循环系统运行模式采用如下连接：The operation mode of the heat pump hot water circulation system adopts the following connections:
第一四通阀的A端和C端连接，B端和D端连接，第二四通阀的a端和c端连接，b端和d端连接，第二三通阀连接第一四通阀的D端和第四换热器，第一三通阀连接第一四通阀的C端和第八换热器，另一端关闭，实现空气源热泵系统给第一水箱加热；The A end of the first four-way valve is connected to the C end, the B end is connected to the D end, the a end of the second four-way valve is connected to the c end, the b end is connected to the d end, and the second three-way valve is connected to the first four-way valve The D end of the valve is connected to the fourth heat exchanger, the first three-way valve is connected to the C end of the first four-way valve and the eighth heat exchanger, and the other end is closed to realize the heating of the first water tank by the air source heat pump system;
所述的制冷循环系统运行模式采用如下连接：The operation mode of the refrigeration cycle system adopts the following connections:
第一四通阀的B端和C端连接，A和D连接，第二四通阀的a端和b端连接，c端和d端连接，第二三通阀连接第一四通阀的D口连接，第二三通阀连接第一四通阀的D端和第四换热器，第一三通阀连接第一四通阀的C端和第八换热器，另一端关闭，实现冷却第二水箱；The B end of the first four-way valve is connected to the C end, A is connected to D, the a end of the second four-way valve is connected to the b end, the c end is connected to the d end, and the second three-way valve is connected to the first four-way valve. The D port is connected, the second three-way valve is connected to the D end of the first four-way valve and the fourth heat exchanger, the first three-way valve is connected to the C end of the first four-way valve and the eighth heat exchanger, and the other end is closed, Realize the cooling of the second water tank;
所述的热泵制热水制冷模式采用如下连接：The heat pump heating and cooling mode adopts the following connections:
第一四通阀的B端和D端连接，A端和C端连接，所述第二四通阀的a端和b端连接，c端和d端连接，第二三通阀一端连接第一四通阀的C端，一端和第四换热器连接，第三端关闭，第一三通阀一端连接第二四通阀的a端，一端连接第八换热器，第三端关闭，不断从第二水箱获取热量，带给第一水箱以及室外。The B end of the first four-way valve is connected to the D end, the A end is connected to the C end, the a end of the second four-way valve is connected to the b end, the c end is connected to the d end, and one end of the second three-way valve is connected to the third end. One end of the four-way valve is connected to the fourth heat exchanger, and the third end is closed. One end of the first three-way valve is connected to the a end of the second four-way valve, and one end is connected to the eighth heat exchanger. The third end is closed. , constantly get heat from the second water tank, and bring it to the first water tank and the outside.
与现有的系统相比，本系统采用了水箱按太阳能辐射强度进行分级储能，提高了太阳能的利用率。使用热泵制热水，避免使用低能效的电辅助加热。太阳能直接利用，不消耗压缩机功。增加了夏季供热和供冷同时进行的能力。热泵运行工况相对稳定，生活热水时承压供水，没有细菌的危险也用水不稳定的问题。由于没有使用电加热的模式，在极端低温的天气下，供热水的能力可能会有不足，但系统如果和地板采暖的方式匹配，可以利用建筑的惰性和水温的蓄热特性，维持热水和采暖的需求。Compared with the existing system, this system uses water tanks to store energy in grades according to the intensity of solar radiation, which improves the utilization rate of solar energy. Use heat pumps for hot water instead of inefficient electric auxiliary heating. Solar energy is used directly without consuming compressor work. Increased the capacity of simultaneous heating and cooling in summer. The operating conditions of the heat pump are relatively stable, and the domestic hot water is supplied under pressure, without the danger of bacteria and the problem of unstable water use. Since there is no electric heating mode, the hot water supply capacity may be insufficient in extremely low temperature weather, but if the system is matched with the floor heating method, the inertia of the building and the heat storage characteristics of the water temperature can be used to maintain hot water and heating needs.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的太阳能热水系统的第一种实施方式示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the solar water heating system of the present invention;
图2为本发明的太阳能热水系统的第二种实施方式示意图；Fig. 2 is the second embodiment schematic diagram of solar water heating system of the present invention;
图3为本发明的太阳能热水系统的第三种实施方式示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the solar water heating system of the present invention;
图4为本发明的太阳能热泵制热制冷系统示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of a solar heat pump heating and cooling system of the present invention;
图5为本发明太阳能采暖季热水循环系统示意图(辐射强时)；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of hot water circulation system in solar heating season of the present invention (when the radiation is strong);
图6为本发明太阳能采暖季热水循环系统示意图(辐射一般强时)；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the solar heating season hot water circulation system of the present invention (when the radiation is generally strong);
图7为本发明太阳能非采暖季热水循环系统的系统示意图；Fig. 7 is the system schematic diagram of the solar non-heating season hot water circulation system of the present invention;
图8为本发明空气源热泵热水系统的系统示意图；Fig. 8 is a system schematic diagram of the air source heat pump hot water system of the present invention;
图9为本发明制冷循环系统的系统示意图。Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the refrigeration cycle system of the present invention.
图中，第一流向调节装置1、第二流向调节装置2、太阳能集热器3、循环水泵4、第二三通阀5、第二四通阀6、节流阀7、第八换热器8、压缩机9、第三换热器10、第一换热器11、第五换热器12、第四换热器13、第二换热器14、第六换热器15、第二水箱16、第一水箱17、第一四通阀18、第一三通阀19、第三水箱20和第七换热器21。In the figure, the first flow direction adjustment device 1, the second flow direction adjustment device 2, the solar heat collector 3, the circulating water pump 4, the second three-way valve 5, the second four-way valve 6, the throttle valve 7, and the eighth heat exchange 8, compressor 9, third heat exchanger 10, first heat exchanger 11, fifth heat exchanger 12, fourth heat exchanger 13, second heat exchanger 14, sixth heat exchanger 15, first Two water tanks 16, a first water tank 17, a first four-way valve 18, a first three-way valve 19, a third water tank 20 and a seventh heat exchanger 21.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明的结构和运行方式做进一步说明。需要说明的是，下述的各种具体优选实施方式在没有相互冲突的情况下，均可相互组合。说明书附图中，图4～9中的虚线表示该模式下，液体实际流通的管路。The structure and operation mode of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the various specific preferred implementation modes described below can be combined with each other without conflicting with each other. In the drawings of the description, the dotted lines in Figs. 4-9 represent the pipelines through which the liquid actually circulates in this mode.
本发明提出一种太阳能热水系统和热泵制热制冷系统及其方法，将太阳能热利用技术和空气源热泵技术有机结合，保证供暖，生活热水以及夏季供冷的要求下，提高太阳能的利用率，提高整个制热系统的能效比。The invention proposes a solar water heating system, a heat pump heating and cooling system and its method, which organically combines solar heat utilization technology and air source heat pump technology to ensure heating, domestic hot water and cooling in summer, and improve the utilization of solar energy rate, improving the energy efficiency ratio of the entire heating system.
一种太阳能热水系统，如图1所示，包括第一流向调节装置1、第二流向调节装置2、太阳能集热器3、循环水泵4、第一换热器11、第一水箱17和第二水箱16；第一换热器11设置于第一水箱17中；太阳能集热器3的出水口连接第一流向调节装置1的入口；第一流向调节装置1的出口一路与第一换热器11的入口相连，另一路与第一换热器11的出口相连，第二流向调节装置2的入口与第一换热器11的出口相连；第二流向调节装置2的出口一路与第二水箱16入口相连，另一路与第二水箱16出口相连，第二水箱16的出口与太阳能集热器3相连；循环水泵4用于为太阳能热水系统提供动力；第一流向调节装置1、第二流向调节装置2用于改变出口循环液流向。第一流向调节装置1、第二流向调节装置2可采用三通阀或在管路上分别安装控制阀门等方式实现，只要能够控制其阀门出口循环液流经的管路即可。采用该系统可使太阳能热水按太阳能辐射强度分级储存热能到不同的水箱，提高太阳能利用率。。A solar water heating system, as shown in Figure 1, comprises a first flow direction regulating device 1, a second flow direction regulating device 2, a solar heat collector 3, a circulating water pump 4, a first heat exchanger 11, a first water tank 17 and The second water tank 16; the first heat exchanger 11 is arranged in the first water tank 17; the water outlet of the solar heat collector 3 connects the inlet of the first flow direction regulating device 1; The inlet of the heat exchanger 11 is connected, the other is connected with the outlet of the first heat exchanger 11, the inlet of the second flow direction regulating device 2 is connected with the outlet of the first heat exchanger 11; the outlet of the second flow direction regulating device 2 is connected with the first one. Two water tanks 16 inlets are connected, and the other road is connected with the second water tank 16 outlets, and the outlet of the second water tank 16 is connected with the solar collector 3; the circulating water pump 4 is used to provide power for the solar hot water system; the first flow direction regulating device 1, The second flow direction regulating device 2 is used to change the flow direction of the outlet circulating fluid. The first flow direction regulating device 1 and the second flow direction regulating device 2 can be implemented by using three-way valves or installing control valves on the pipelines, as long as the pipelines through which the circulating fluid at the valve outlets can be controlled can be controlled. Adopting the system can make the solar hot water store heat energy in different water tanks according to the intensity of solar radiation, so as to improve the utilization rate of solar energy. .
为了分离太阳能循环液和第二水箱16的媒介，系统中还包括第二换热器14，第二换热器14设置于第二水箱16中，第二流向调节装置2的出口中与第二水箱16入口相连的一路延伸并与第二换热器14的入口相连，第二流向调节装置2的出口中与第二水箱16出口相连的一路延伸并与第二换热器14的出口相连，具体可见图2。In order to separate the medium of the solar circulating fluid and the second water tank 16, the system also includes a second heat exchanger 14, the second heat exchanger 14 is arranged in the second water tank 16, and the second flow is connected to the outlet of the second water tank 2 The one connected to the inlet of the water tank 16 is extended and connected to the inlet of the second heat exchanger 14, and the one connected to the outlet of the second water tank 16 in the outlet of the second flow direction regulating device 2 is extended and connected to the outlet of the second heat exchanger 14, See Figure 2 for details.
本发明的多级水箱可以根据需要设置多个。当设置三级水箱时，如图3所示，系统中还包括第三水箱20和第七换热器21，第七换热器21设置于第三水箱20中，第七换热器21进口与第一流向调节装置1的第三路出口相连，出口与第一换热器11的入口相连。与现有的太阳能供热系统相比，本发明采用了多级水箱按太阳能辐射强度进行分级储能，可以根据需要对不同水箱中温度不同的水进行分配使用，提高了太阳能的利用率。The multistage water tank of the present invention can be provided with multiple as required. When the three-stage water tank is set, as shown in Figure 3, the system also includes a third water tank 20 and a seventh heat exchanger 21, the seventh heat exchanger 21 is arranged in the third water tank 20, and the seventh heat exchanger 21 is imported It is connected with the third outlet of the first flow direction regulating device 1 , and the outlet is connected with the inlet of the first heat exchanger 11 . Compared with the existing solar heating system, the present invention adopts multi-stage water tanks to carry out graded energy storage according to the intensity of solar radiation, and can distribute and use water with different temperatures in different water tanks as required, thereby improving the utilization rate of solar energy.
本发明还提供了一种太阳能热泵制热制冷系统，包括上述太阳能热水系统，还包括空气源热泵热水系统，空气源热泵热水系统中通常都包含有一个换热器(此处为了区分，称为第八换热器8)，该第八换热器8可同时用作风冷蒸发器和冷凝器：在制热循环时，第八换热器8作为蒸发器从空气中获取能量加热第一水箱17；当第八换热器8结霜时，第八换热器8作为冷凝器，从第二水箱16获取能量进行除霜。The present invention also provides a solar heat pump heating and cooling system, including the above-mentioned solar water heating system, and also includes an air source heat pump water heating system, and an air source heat pump water heating system usually includes a heat exchanger (here for distinguishing , called the eighth heat exchanger 8), the eighth heat exchanger 8 can be used as an air-cooled evaporator and condenser at the same time: in the heating cycle, the eighth heat exchanger 8 as an evaporator obtains energy from the air to heat The first water tank 17; when the eighth heat exchanger 8 is frosted, the eighth heat exchanger 8 acts as a condenser and obtains energy from the second water tank 16 for defrosting.
同时作为进一步改进，当系统进行制热和制冷时，从第二水箱16获取热量给第一水箱17加热并通过第八换热器8向空气放热。At the same time, as a further improvement, when the system is heating and cooling, heat is obtained from the second water tank 16 to heat the first water tank 17 and release heat to the air through the eighth heat exchanger 8 .
前述的三种实施方式的热水系统在运行时，可配合空气源热泵热水系统进行使用。空气源热泵热水系统可采用现有技术中的多种结构，只要内部含有所述的第八换热器即可。但考虑到使用效果，本发明提供了一种能够实现上述设计功能的空气源热泵热水系统连接方式(如图1～3所示)，具体为：空气源热泵循环系统包括压缩机9，第一四通阀18，第一三通阀19，第三换热器10，第二四通阀6，节流阀7，第四换热器13和第二三通阀5，所述的第三换热器10和第四换热器13分别设置于第一水箱17和第二水箱16中；所述的第三换热器10一端与第一四通阀18的D端连接，另一端与第二四通阀6的b端连接，第四换热器13一端与第二四通阀6的c端连接，另一端与第二三通阀5的一端连接，第二四通阀6的d端依次与节流阀7、第八换热器8及第一三通阀19的一端相连，第一三通阀19的第二端与第一四通阀18的C端相连，第一三通阀19的第三端与第二四通阀6的a端连接，第二三通阀5的第二端与第一四通阀18的D端相连，第二三通阀5的第三端与第一四通阀18的C端相连，压缩机9的入口和出口分别与第一四通阀18的A端和B端相连。The hot water systems of the aforementioned three embodiments can be used in conjunction with the air source heat pump hot water system during operation. The air source heat pump hot water system can adopt various structures in the prior art, as long as the eighth heat exchanger is contained inside. However, considering the use effect, the present invention provides an air source heat pump hot water system connection method (as shown in Fig. A four-way valve 18, a first three-way valve 19, a third heat exchanger 10, a second four-way valve 6, a throttle valve 7, a fourth heat exchanger 13 and a second three-way valve 5, the first The three heat exchangers 10 and the fourth heat exchanger 13 are respectively arranged in the first water tank 17 and the second water tank 16; one end of the third heat exchanger 10 is connected with the D end of the first four-way valve 18, and the other end It is connected to the b end of the second four-way valve 6, one end of the fourth heat exchanger 13 is connected to the c end of the second four-way valve 6, and the other end is connected to one end of the second three-way valve 5, and the second four-way valve 6 The d end of the valve is connected with the throttle valve 7, the eighth heat exchanger 8 and one end of the first three-way valve 19 in turn, the second end of the first three-way valve 19 is connected with the C end of the first four-way valve 18, and the The third end of a three-way valve 19 is connected with the a end of the second four-way valve 6, the second end of the second three-way valve 5 is connected with the D end of the first four-way valve 18, and the second end of the second three-way valve 5 is The third end is connected to the C end of the first four-way valve 18 , and the inlet and outlet of the compressor 9 are respectively connected to the A end and the B end of the first four-way valve 18 .
第一水箱17、第二水箱16构成了一套多功能储热水箱。在采暖季节，第一水箱17储存高温热水，第二水箱16储存低温热水；在过渡季节，第一水箱17储存高温热水；在夏季空调季节，第一水箱17储存高温热水，第二水箱16储存冷水，由此实现太阳能的高效利用。The first water tank 17 and the second water tank 16 constitute a set of multifunctional heat storage tanks. In the heating season, the first water tank 17 stores high-temperature hot water, and the second water tank 16 stores low-temperature hot water; in transitional seasons, the first water tank 17 stores high-temperature hot water; Two water tanks 16 store cold water, thereby realizing efficient utilization of solar energy.
基于上述太阳能热泵制热制冷系统，本发明还提供了一种使用该系统的太阳能热泵制热制冷方法，可以根据不同季节采取不同运行方式，具体如下：Based on the above solar heat pump heating and cooling system, the present invention also provides a solar heat pump heating and cooling method using the system, which can adopt different operation modes according to different seasons, as follows:
冬季制热水采暖模式：当有太阳辐射时，循环水泵启动，进入太阳能采暖季热水循环系统运行模式；如果第一水箱17水温达不到设定温度时，启动热泵热水循环系统运行模式，当第八换热器8需要除霜时，热泵进入制冷循环系统运行模式；Hot water heating mode in winter: when there is solar radiation, the circulating water pump starts and enters the operation mode of the hot water circulation system in the solar heating season; if the water temperature of the first water tank 17 does not reach the set temperature, the heat pump hot water circulation system operation mode is started , when the eighth heat exchanger 8 needs defrosting, the heat pump enters the refrigeration cycle system operation mode;
过渡季节单制热水模式：当有太阳辐射时，循环水泵启动，进入太阳能非采暖季热水循环系统运行模式，如果第一水箱17水温达不到设定温度，启动热泵热水循环系统运行模式；Single hot water system mode in transitional season: when there is solar radiation, the circulating water pump starts and enters the operation mode of the hot water circulation system in the solar non-heating season. If the water temperature of the first water tank 17 does not reach the set temperature, the heat pump hot water circulation system is started to run model;
夏季制热水和空调模式：当有太阳辐射时，循环水泵启动，进入太阳能非采暖季热水循环系统运行模式，如果第一水箱17水温达不到设定温度，启动热泵制热水制冷模式，如果水温达到设定温度，则启动制冷循环系统运行模式。Summer hot water heating and air conditioning mode: when there is solar radiation, the circulating water pump starts and enters the operating mode of the hot water circulation system in the non-heating season of solar energy. If the water temperature of the first water tank 17 does not reach the set temperature, the heat pump heating and cooling mode is started , if the water temperature reaches the set temperature, the refrigeration cycle system operation mode will be started.
上述的各种运行模式可以通过变换系统中的各阀门实现，具体如下：The various operation modes mentioned above can be realized by changing the valves in the system, as follows:
所述的太阳能采暖季热水循环系统运行模式采用如下连接：The operating mode of the solar heating season hot water circulation system adopts the following connections:
如图5所示，当太阳能集热器3的出口温度超过第一水箱17的温度时，第一流向调节装置1的出口指向第一换热器11的入口，另一出口关闭，第二流向调节装置2的出口指向第二换热器14的入口，另一出口关闭，实现太阳能依次给第一水箱17、第二水箱16加热的功能；如图6所示，当太阳能集热器3的出口温度超过第二水箱16的温度并低于第一水箱17的温度时，第一流向调节装置1的出口指向第一换热器11的出口，另一出口关闭，第二流向调节装置2的出口指向第二换热器14的入口，另一出口关闭，实现太阳能仅给第二水箱16加热的功能；As shown in Figure 5, when the outlet temperature of the solar collector 3 exceeds the temperature of the first water tank 17, the outlet of the first flow direction regulating device 1 points to the inlet of the first heat exchanger 11, the other outlet is closed, and the second flow direction The outlet of the regulating device 2 points to the inlet of the second heat exchanger 14, and the other outlet is closed to realize the function of solar energy heating the first water tank 17 and the second water tank 16 in turn; as shown in Figure 6, when the solar heat collector 3 When the outlet temperature exceeds the temperature of the second water tank 16 and is lower than the temperature of the first water tank 17, the outlet of the first flow direction regulating device 1 points to the outlet of the first heat exchanger 11, the other outlet is closed, and the second flow direction regulating device 2 The outlet is directed to the entrance of the second heat exchanger 14, and the other outlet is closed to realize the function that solar energy only heats the second water tank 16;
所述的太阳能非采暖季热水循环系统运行模式采用如下连接：The operation mode of the solar non-heating season hot water circulation system adopts the following connections:
如图7所示，第一流向调节装置1的出口指向第一换热器11的入口，另一出口关闭，第二流向调节装置2的出口指向第二换热器14的出口，另一出口关闭，实现只给第一水箱17加热；As shown in Figure 7, the outlet of the first flow direction adjusting device 1 points to the inlet of the first heat exchanger 11, the other outlet is closed, the outlet of the second flow direction adjusting device 2 points to the outlet of the second heat exchanger 14, and the other outlet Close to realize heating only to the first water tank 17;
所述的热泵热水循环系统运行模式采用如下连接：The operation mode of the heat pump hot water circulation system adopts the following connections:
如图8所示，第一四通阀18的A端和C端连接，B端和D端连接，第二四通阀6的a端和c端连接，b端和d端连接，第二三通阀5连接第一四通阀18的D端和第四换热器13，第一三通阀19连接第一四通阀18的C端和第八换热器8，另一端关闭，实现空气源热泵系统给第一水箱17加热；As shown in Figure 8, the A end of the first four-way valve 18 is connected to the C end, the B end is connected to the D end, the a end of the second four-way valve 6 is connected to the c end, the b end is connected to the d end, and the second end is connected to the d end. The three-way valve 5 is connected to the D end of the first four-way valve 18 and the fourth heat exchanger 13, the first three-way valve 19 is connected to the C end of the first four-way valve 18 and the eighth heat exchanger 8, and the other end is closed. Realize the heating of the first water tank 17 by the air source heat pump system;
所述的制冷循环系统运行模式采用如下连接：The operation mode of the refrigeration cycle system adopts the following connections:
如图9所示，第一四通阀18的B端和C端连接，A和D连接，第二四通阀6的a端和b端连接，c端和d端连接，第二三通阀5连接第一四通阀18的D口连接，第二三通阀5连接第一四通阀18的D端和第四换热器13，第一三通阀19连接第一四通阀18的C端和第八换热器8，另一端关闭，实现冷却第二水箱16；As shown in Figure 9, the B end of the first four-way valve 18 is connected to the C end, A and D are connected, the a end of the second four-way valve 6 is connected to the b end, the c end is connected to the d end, and the second three-way The valve 5 is connected to the D port of the first four-way valve 18, the second three-way valve 5 is connected to the D end of the first four-way valve 18 and the fourth heat exchanger 13, and the first three-way valve 19 is connected to the first four-way valve The C end of 18 and the eighth heat exchanger 8, and the other end is closed to realize cooling of the second water tank 16;
所述的热泵制热水制冷模式采用如下连接：The heat pump heating and cooling mode adopts the following connections:
如图4所示，第一四通阀18的B端和D端连接，A端和C端连接，所述第二四通阀6的a端和b端连接，c端和d端连接，第二三通阀5一端连接第一四通阀18的C端，一端和第四换热器13连接，第三端关闭，第一三通阀19一端连接第二四通阀6的a端，一端连接第八换热器8，第三端关闭，不断从第二水箱16获取热量，带给第一水箱17以及室外供暖。As shown in Figure 4, the B end of the first four-way valve 18 is connected to the D end, the A end is connected to the C end, the a end of the second four-way valve 6 is connected to the b end, and the c end is connected to the d end. One end of the second three-way valve 5 is connected to the C end of the first four-way valve 18, one end is connected to the fourth heat exchanger 13, the third end is closed, and one end of the first three-way valve 19 is connected to the a end of the second four-way valve 6 , one end is connected to the eighth heat exchanger 8, and the third end is closed to continuously obtain heat from the second water tank 16 and bring it to the first water tank 17 and outdoor heating.
第一水箱17和第二水箱16中可分别放置一个换热器(即图1中的第五换热器12和第六换热器15)，用于提供生活热水的换热。A heat exchanger (ie, the fifth heat exchanger 12 and the sixth heat exchanger 15 in FIG. 1 ) can be respectively placed in the first water tank 17 and the second water tank 16 to provide heat exchange for domestic hot water.
本发明设计的多功能太阳能热泵系统及其方法，充分利用太阳能和空气热能等可再生能源，实现夏季供冷供热水，冬季供暖供热水。采暖季风冷蒸发器的除霜用能通过储存的低品位太阳能来实现，避免热水箱水温的波动。生活热水的获取使用换热器逐步加热的方式，从储存的水箱中获取，为承压活水，避免细菌滋生和压力不稳定的问题。夏天太阳能不足以制取生活热水时，空调系统的水冷冷凝器和风冷冷凝器串联的方式，实现制冷水的同时获取热水。根据太阳能辐射强度对太阳能分级储存，提高太阳能的利用率，减少热泵的电耗。技术尤其适合夏热冬冷地区，采用辐射供冷和地板采暖的建筑。The multifunctional solar heat pump system and method thereof designed in the present invention make full use of renewable energy sources such as solar energy and air heat energy to realize cooling and hot water supply in summer and heating and hot water supply in winter. The defrosting of the air-cooled evaporator in the heating season can be realized by the stored low-grade solar energy, avoiding the fluctuation of the water temperature of the hot water tank. The domestic hot water is obtained by gradually heating the heat exchanger, and it is obtained from the stored water tank. It is pressurized running water to avoid the problems of bacterial growth and unstable pressure. In summer, when solar energy is not enough to produce domestic hot water, the water-cooled condenser and air-cooled condenser of the air-conditioning system are connected in series to obtain hot water while cooling water. According to the intensity of solar radiation, the solar energy is stored in stages to improve the utilization rate of solar energy and reduce the power consumption of heat pumps. The technology is especially suitable for buildings with radiant cooling and floor heating in hot summer and cold winter regions.
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| CN108981189A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2018-12-11 | 白冰 | A kind of heat storage and cold accumulation circulatory system |
| CN110006124A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-07-12 | 宁波奥克斯电气股份有限公司 | A solar-assisted heating, cooling and hot water triple heat pump system |
| CN111426157B (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2021-07-02 | 浙江宝威电气有限公司 | Heat-conducting oven of heat pipe of solar electromagnetic dual-energy heat supply storage pipe part |
| CN113531634A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-10-22 | 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司 | A solar energy and water source heat pump coupling system and method |
| CN112413908A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-02-26 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Double-heat-compensation multi-source heat pump coupling energy supply system |
| CN113945013B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-08-12 | 湖南大学 | An energy supply system coupled with a solar collector and a heat pump and a control method |
| CN113945014B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-09-02 | 湖南大学 | An energy supply system coupled with a solar collector and a heat pump and a control method |
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