CN105271163A - Continuous preparation of carbon nanotube macroscopic body, and film forming method and apparatus - Google Patents
Continuous preparation of carbon nanotube macroscopic body, and film forming method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous preparation method for a cylindrical carbon nanotube macroscopic body, and a method and apparatus for preparing a pure carbon nanotube film in an opened atmosphere system based on the macroscopic body, and belongs to the technical field of nanometer materials. The method comprises the following technological steps: dissolving ferrocene and thiophene in a hdydrocarbon composed of carbon and hydrogen elements, or an alcohol, ketone or carboxylic acid compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen elements, or a mixed solution of the hydrocarbon and the alcohol, ketone or carboxylic acid compound, bringing the above mixed solution into a high-temperature tubular furnace by an inert gas, performing catalytic cracking in the furnace tube, synthesizing the carbon tube and forming the cylindrical carbon nanotube macroscopic body through combination, and continuously blowing out by the furnace tube. A roller for spinning a film is put at the furnace tail, the roller is paved with a substrate film wetted by a solidification liquid, and thus the cylindrical carbon nanotube macroscopic body is orderly wound around the substrate film, and the film is formed through shrinkage. The substrate film is reserved or removed according to needs. The multifunctional carbon nanotube film is prepared in the opened system. Equipment is simple, and industrialized large-scale production can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of continuous production tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body, and based on the method and apparatus preparing carbon nano-tube film in atmosphere open system of this macroscopic body, belong to technical field of nano material.
Background technology
Key in technical field herein and describe paragraph.Carbon pipe macroscopic body refers to the aggregate at least reaching the carbon nanotube of macro-scale in a dimension.The carbon nanotube blocks of one dimension carbon nano-tube fibre, Two-dimensional Carbon nano-tube film and three-dimensional can be divided into.In recent years the research of carbon pipe macroscopic body obtains development at full speed.Realize under macro-scale, keep the excellent properties of carbon nanotube under nanoscale to be technological difficulties.Carbon pipe film is assembled into by specific operation method by carbon pipe, has the high performance thin film of the characteristics such as light weight, high-strength, high connductivity, high heat conduction, electrochemical capacitance.Research shows, have the carbon pipe of nano aperture structure and film thereof at electrode material for super capacitor, fuel cell, the fields such as catalysis have potential using value.Such as by controlling diaphragm thickness, this bill of material reveals high conductivity and the perviousness to visible ray, can be used as the surrogate of indium tin oxides film.
The preparation method of current carbon pipe film mainly can be divided into solution method and chemical Vapor deposition process.Solution method is similar to traditional paper technology: be first dispersed in specific solvent by the carbon pipe after purifying and make slurry, then it is deposited on substrate by methods such as vacuum filtration, spin coating, LB embrane method or direct volatilizations.Isotropic carbon pipe film can be obtained in this way, carbon pipe stochastic distribution in film.But the large π key of carbon nano tube surface makes its neither hydrophilic also not oleophylic, is dissolved in existing any solvent hardly, makes carbon pipe not easily disperse.The dispersion of carbon pipe is the gordian technique of the method.Common way makes carbon pipe functionalization.But the carbon pipe film obtaining high-purity homogeneous phase needs again to go functionalization to it, adds the complicacy of the method.Chemical Vapor deposition process is a kind of very simple and effective method preparing carbon pipe film.The carbon pipe film of level or vertical orientation can be prepared.It is elder generation's deposit catalyst layers in particular substrate, then synthesized carbon tubing type, arrangement mode, purity etc. are regulated by the supply mode, temperature of reaction etc. of control carbon source, carrier gas, but the thickness of film and size are subject to the restriction of the size of catalyst activity and substrate, and preparation process is discontinuous.Another kind method is floating catalytic chemical Vapor deposition process, catalyzer passes into reaction zone with carbon source, carrier gas etc., form carbon nanotube, at cold zone formation of deposits carbon pipe film, but the directional property of carbon nanotube is bad in the film formed, the size of film depends on the caliber of reaction tubes and the length of cold zone and can not continuous production.
Chinese patent CN101665247A discloses a kind of method that liquid sealed vapor-phase flow catalytic reaction prepares carbon nano-tube film.Carbon raw material, metal catalyst and reaction promotor are input in vertical tubular resistance furnace and react, form carbon nano-tube film in the hydrogen gas stream, spun by the method for machinery.Because the width of film limits by the caliber of boiler tube, make the size-constrained of the film of preparation, industrialization demand can not be met.High-temperature hydrogen closed system, also exists potential danger, is unfavorable for suitability for industrialized production.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of continuous producing carbon nano-tube macroscopic body is provided, and based on the method and apparatus preparing carbon nano-tube film in atmosphere open system of this macroscopical pipe.
The synthesis reactor adopted is high temperature tubular resistor furnace.Concrete steps, for reaction solution is continuously pumped into silica tube with infusion pump, enters furnace chamber with carrier gas and react after gasification.Reaction solution after gasification, at the rapid synthesizing carbon nanotubes of high-temperature zone catalytic pyrolysis, floats in carrier gas, forms carbon nanotube curved surface film by mutually overlapping.This film is constantly grown up and densification, along with carrier gas is moved to boiler tube afterbody.In this process, due to the confinement effect of boiler tube, curved surface film is extruded into that one end is closed, the tubular article of one end open by gas.Be flooded with gas in cylinder, continuously blown out from boiler tube, form continuous print canescence, translucent tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body.Because this macroscopic body spued from stove has very high surfactivity, viscosity is very large, be easy to overlap joint, and can be spun by continuous print in atmospheric environment, therefore the roller of film is spun in design one, be placed in stove tail, roller is spread the substrate film soaked with solidification liquid, tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body is wrapped on basilar membrane in an orderly manner, shrink film forming, final carbon nano-tube film can be attached on substrate film, also can depart from from basilar membrane, obtained freestanding carbon nanotube film, but disengaging method dry method is peeled off or wet method is peeled off.
Described reaction solution be dissolved ferrocene and thiophene with the hydro carbons of carbon, protium composition with the mixing solutions of the alcohol of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen element composition, ketone or carboxylic acid compound.
Described reaction solution rate of injection is 0.1-10.0sccm.
Described reactor is high temperature process furnances, and boiler tube is alundum tube, and caliber is 10-60mm, and temperature of reaction is 1200-1800 DEG C.
Described carrier gas is for being the rare gas elementes such as nitrogen, helium and argon gas, and carrier gas flux is 10-1000sccm.
Described tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body is by single wall, double-walled, one or more carbon nanotubes composition in thin wall carbon nano-tube, and the caliber of this macroscopic body is 3-60mm, is 1.2-50m/min from the speed of boiler tube blowout.
The device of described continuous production tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body mainly comprises the synthesis reactor of tube furnace and alundum tube composition, the inlet end of alundum tube is connected with silica tube by flange, silica tube is connected with inlet pipe, and be connected with infusion pump by tubing, reaction solution is pressed into silica tube by infusion pump, vaporize in silica tube with carrier gas enter in Reaktionsofen participate in reaction.
The described device preparing carbon nano-tube film is that electric motor drives lower rotary cylindric roller, roller is covered with the film being used as carbon nano-tube film basilar membrane soaked, screw rod driving device is equipped with in face under the rollers, spin in membrane process, the axis of roller along roller while rotating is reciprocating.
The diameter of described cylindric roller and length can increase as required or reduce, and the area S of prepared carbon nano-tube film is determined by the diameter d of cylindric roller and length L, and S=pdL, such as diameter 2m, the roller of long 5m is maximum can prepare 31.4m
2carbon nano-tube film.
The thickness of described carbon nano-tube film can adjust according to actual needs, can be as thin as 0.01 μm, thick in more than 1000 μm.
Described solidification liquid is water, methyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, the mixing solutions of one or more compositions in normal hexane.
Described basilar membrane material is the paper be made up of vegetable fibre, organic film, or metallic film.
It is that spread thicker carbon nano-tube film on basilar membrane after, directly stripped down by film by sharp machine tool, the method is applicable to prepare thicker freestanding carbon nanotube film that described dry method is peeled off.
Described wet method is peeled off as to be dipped in solvent by the film completed, and utilizes the physico-chemical property that carbon nano-tube film and basilar membrane are different in a solvent, makes it automatically be separated, and after repeatedly rinsing, dries, obtains self-supporting film.
Carbon nano-tube film prepared by the present invention has certain anisotropy, and the speed that its orientation is blown out from stove by tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body and its winding speed on roller and winding direction determine; The thickness of film by roller horizontal travel rate and be wound around Time dependent, the uniformity coefficient of film is determined by the caliber of macroscopical pipe, the horizontal travel rate of roller and the continuity that blows out from stove.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is continuous producing carbon nano-tube macroscopic body device one-piece construction diagrammatic cross-section.
Fig. 2 is for preparing carbon nanotube film device one-piece construction diagrammatic cross-section.
Fig. 3 is the procedure chart preparing carbon nano-tube film.
Fig. 4 is the optical photograph of the carbon nano-tube film prepared with the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of continuous production tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body, and in open air system, prepare pure nano-carbon tube film device based on this macroscopic body.But equipment therefor of the present invention is not limited to this device.
Prepare the device citing of continuous carbon nano-tube macroscopic body, as Fig. 1: 1 tubing, 2 silica tubes, 3 flanges, 4 tube type resistance furnaces, 5 alundum tubes, 6 carbon nano-tube macroscopic bodies.
Prepare the device citing of carbon nano-tube film, as Fig. 2: 1 electric motor, 2 cylindric rollers, 3 basilar membranes soaked through solidification liquid, 4 screw rod driving device.
Embodiment 1
Take dimethylbenzene as carbon source, ferrocene is catalyzer, and thiophene is growth stimulant, and massfraction is respectively 99.01%, 0.37%, 0.62% preparation reaction solution.Reactor is high temperature process furnances, the alundum tube of boiler tube to be caliber be 10mm.Reaktionsofen is warming up to 1200 DEG C, pass into the nitrogen that flow is 10sccm, after air emptying in stove, with infusion pump, reaction solution is pressed in silica tube with the speed of 0.1sccm, enter in Reaktionsofen with nitrogen after vaporization, high-temperature catalytic scission reaction occurs, and obtained carbon nanotube is also assembled into tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body, blows out with the speed continuous print of 1.2m/min with gas from boiler tube.This macroscopical pipe gray, translucent, diameter is suitable with boiler tube caliber.Spin membrane process figure and see Fig. 3, be covered with this macroscopical pipe on the rod of the paper of alcohol dampening with orderly being wrapped in of the speed of 60m/h, the diameter of roller is 1m, and long is 20cm.Through spinning film 1 hour, the uniform carbon nano-tube film of the maximum 3.14m of obtaining × 20cm × 0.01 μm is attached on the paper of 3.14m × 20cm.
Be the rod of 4cm with diameter, long is 50cm.Spin the bilayer film that 4 hours can obtain 12cm × 50cm.Film is immersed in the water, utilizes carbon nano-tube film and the paper swelling ratio in water different, peeled off, or directly shut down from paper film with tweezers, the uniform freestanding carbon nanotube film of obtained 12cm × 50cm × 0.1cm.
Embodiment 2
Carbon pipe macroscopic view pipe preparation process is with embodiment 1, and take normal hexane as carbon source, ferrocene is catalyzer, and thiophene is growth stimulant, and massfraction is respectively 99.01%, 0.37%, 0.62% preparation reaction solution.Reactor is high temperature process furnances, the alundum tube of boiler tube to be caliber be 30mm.Reaktionsofen is warming up to 1800 DEG C, pass into the argon gas that flow is 300sccm, after air emptying in stove, with infusion pump, reaction solution is pressed in silica tube with the speed of 2sccm, enter in Reaktionsofen with argon gas after gasification, high-temperature catalytic scission reaction occurs, and obtained carbon nanotube is also assembled into tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body, blows out with the speed continuous print of 50m/min with gas from boiler tube.This macroscopical pipe gray, translucent, diameter is 0.5cm.Be covered with this macroscopical pipe on the rod of the metallic film of alcohol dampening with orderly being wrapped in of the speed of 50m/min, the diameter of roller is 1m, and long is 20cm.Through spinning the uniform film of obtained 3.14m × 20cm × 0.7 of film 10 hours μm, see Fig. 4.
Take metallic film as the wet method stripping means of the film of basilar membrane be film is dipped in NaOH solution or diluted acid, after carbon nano-tube film is separated with basilar membrane, is taken out, through with after deionized water repeatedly rinsing, dry, obtained freestanding carbon nanotube film.
Described diluted acid is dilute sulphuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid, dust technology or its mixed solution.
Embodiment 3
Carbon pipe macroscopic view pipe preparation process is with embodiment 1, and with normal hexane and acetone for mixed carbon source, ferrocene is catalyzer, and thiophene is growth stimulant, and massfraction is respectively 99.01%, 0.37%, 0.62% preparation reaction solution.Reactor is high temperature process furnances, the alundum tube of boiler tube to be caliber be 60mm.Reaktionsofen is warming up to 1500 DEG C, pass into the helium that flow is 1000sccm, after air emptying in stove, with infusion pump, reaction solution is pressed in silica tube with the speed of 10sccm, enter in Reaktionsofen with helium after gasification, high-temperature catalytic scission reaction occurs, and obtained carbon nanotube is also assembled into tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body, blows out with the speed continuous print of 4.2m/min with gas from boiler tube.This macroscopical pipe gray, translucent, diameter is suitable with boiler tube caliber.Be covered with this macroscopical pipe on the rod of the organic film of water-wet with orderly being wrapped in of the speed of 250m/h, the diameter of roller is 0.5m, and long is 1m.Through spinning the uniform thin film of the obtained 1.57m × 1m of film 10 hours,
Film is dipped in dimethyl formamide, after carbon nano-tube film is separated with organic film, carbon nano-tube film is taken out, after repeatedly cleaning in dimethyl formamide, acetone, dry, the uniform freestanding carbon nanotube film of obtained 1.57m × 1m × 0.70 μm.
Embodiment 4
Carbon pipe macroscopic view pipe preparation process is with embodiment 1, and take ethanol as carbon source, ferrocene is catalyzer, and thiophene is growth stimulant, and massfraction is respectively 99.01%, 0.37%, 0.62% preparation reaction solution.Reactor is high temperature process furnances, the alundum tube of boiler tube to be caliber be 20mm.Reaktionsofen is warming up to 1200 DEG C, pass into the argon gas that flow is 300sccm, after air emptying in stove, with infusion pump, reaction solution is pressed in silica tube with the speed of 1sccm, enter in Reaktionsofen with argon gas after gasification, high-temperature catalytic scission reaction occurs, and obtained carbon nanotube is also assembled into tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body, blows out with the speed continuous print of 25m/min with gas from boiler tube.This macroscopical pipe gray, translucent, diameter is 0.5cm.Be covered with on the rod of the metallic film soaked through acetone by this macroscopical pipe with orderly being wrapped in of the speed of 20m/min, the diameter of roller is 1m, and long is 20cm.Through spinning the uniform film of the obtained 3.14m × 0.20m of film 10 hours.
Taking metallic film as the wet method stripping means of the film of basilar membrane is, film is dipped in Tricholroacetic Acid ammonium solution or salpeter solution, after carbon nano-tube film is separated with basilar membrane, taken out, through with after deionized water repeatedly rinsing, dry, obtained 3.14m × 0.20m × 0.3 μm freestanding carbon nanotube film.
Embodiment 5
Carbon pipe macroscopic view pipe preparation process is with embodiment 1, and take acetone as carbon source, ferrocene is catalyzer, and thiophene is growth stimulant, and massfraction is respectively 99.01%, 0.37%, 0.62% preparation reaction solution.Reactor is high temperature process furnances, the alundum tube of boiler tube to be caliber be 10mm.Reaktionsofen is warming up to 1400 DEG C, pass into the argon gas that flow is 700sccm, after air emptying in stove, with infusion pump, reaction solution is pressed in silica tube with the speed of 5sccm, enter in Reaktionsofen with argon gas after gasification, high-temperature catalytic scission reaction occurs, and obtained carbon nanotube is also assembled into tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body, blows out with the speed continuous print of 50m/min with gas from boiler tube.This macroscopical pipe gray, translucent, diameter is 0.5cm.Be covered with on the rod of the metallic film soaked through acetone by this macroscopical pipe with orderly being wrapped in of the speed of 50m/min, the diameter of roller is 2m, and long is 5m.Through spinning the uniform film of the obtained 6.28m × 5m of film 10 hours.
Take metallic film as the wet method stripping means of the film of basilar membrane be film is dipped in dilute acid soln, after carbon nano-tube film is separated with basilar membrane, taken out, through with after deionized water repeatedly rinsing, dry, obtained 6.28m × 5m × 0.06 μm carbon nano-tube film.
Embodiment 6
Carbon pipe macroscopic view pipe preparation process is with embodiment 1, and with normal hexane and ethanol for mixed carbon source, ferrocene is catalyzer, and thiophene is growth stimulant, and massfraction is respectively 99.01%, 0.37%, 0.62% preparation reaction solution.Reactor is high temperature process furnances, the alundum tube of boiler tube to be caliber be 20mm.Reaktionsofen is warming up to 1300 DEG C, pass into the nitrogen that flow is 100sccm, after air emptying in stove, with infusion pump, reaction solution is pressed in silica tube with the speed of 7sccm, enter in Reaktionsofen with nitrogen after gasification, high-temperature catalytic scission reaction occurs, and obtained carbon nanotube is also assembled into tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body, blows out with the speed continuous print of 42m/min with gas from boiler tube.This macroscopical pipe gray, translucent, diameter is 0.3cm.Be covered with this macroscopical pipe on the rod of the organic membrane of alcohol dampening with orderly being wrapped in of the speed of 42m/min, the diameter of roller is 1m, and long is 1m.Through spinning the uniform film of the obtained 3.14m × 1m of film 10 hours,
Film is dipped in dimethyl formamide, after carbon nano-tube film is separated with organic film, carbon nano-tube film is taken out, after repeatedly cleaning in dimethyl formamide, acetone, dry, the uniform freestanding carbon nanotube film of obtained 3.14m × 1m × 0.4 μm.
Claims (15)
1. the method for a continuous production tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body, it is characterized in that with rare gas element being that the reaction solution of gasification is brought in tube furnace by carrier gas, through high-temperature catalytic scission reaction, obtained carbon nanotube is also assembled into tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body, blows out from boiler tube with gas continuous print.
2. the device of preparation method's use according to claim 1, mainly comprise the synthesis reactor of tube furnace and alundum tube composition, the inlet end of alundum tube is connected with silica tube by flange, silica tube is connected with inlet pipe, and be connected with infusion pump by tubing, reaction solution is pressed into silica tube by infusion pump, gasify in silica tube with carrier gas enter in Reaktionsofen participate in reaction.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described obtained tubular macroscopic body is taken out of boiler tube continuously with carrier gas, and swims in atmospheric environment, await lower one-step film forming.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described reaction solution is dissolved ferrocene and thiophene, with the hydro carbons of carbon, protium composition with the alcohol of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen element composition, ketone or carboxylic acid compound, or its mixing solutions.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described reaction solution feeds speed is 0.1-10sccm.
6. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described reactor is high temperature process furnances, boiler tube is alundum tube, and caliber is 10-60mm, and temperature of reaction is 1200-1800 DEG C.
7. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described carrier gas is the rare gas elementes such as nitrogen, helium and argon gas, carrier gas flux is 10-1000sccm.
8. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body is by single wall, double-walled, or one or more carbon nanotubes composition in thin wall carbon nano-tube, the caliber of this macroscopic body is 3-60mm, is 1.2-50m/min from the speed of boiler tube blowout.
9. the carbon nano-tube macroscopic body utilizing method according to claim 1 to obtain prepares the method for carbon nano-tube film, it is characterized in that placing at stove tail the cylindric roller that is spun film, roller is spread the substrate film soaked with solidification liquid, orderly for tubular carbon nano-tube macroscopic body is wrapped on basilar membrane, shrink film forming, final carbon nano-tube film can be attached on substrate film, also can depart from from basilar membrane, obtained freestanding carbon nanotube film, but disengaging method dry method is peeled off or wet method is peeled off, and depends on used basilar membrane material.
10. the device of preparation method's use according to claim 9, mainly comprise electric motor and drive lower rotary cylindric roller, roller is covered with the film being used as carbon nano-tube film basilar membrane soaked, screw rod driving device is equipped with in face under the rollers, spin in membrane process, the axis of roller along roller while rotating is reciprocating.
11. preparation methods according to claim 9, it is characterized in that diameter and the length of described cylindric roller can increase as required or reduce, the area S of prepared carbon nano-tube film is determined by the diameter d of cylindric roller and length L, S=pdL, the roller of such as diameter 2m, long 5m is maximum can prepare 31.4m
2carbon nano-tube film.
12. preparation methods according to claim 9, is characterized in that the thickness of described carbon nano-tube film can adjust according to actual needs, can be as thin as 0.01 micron, thick in more than 1 millimeter.
13. preparation methods according to claim 9, is characterized in that described basilar membrane material is the paper be made up of vegetable fibre, organic film, or metallic film.
14. preparation methods according to claim 9, it is characterized in that described dry method is peeled off is spread thicker carbon nano-tube film on basilar membrane after, directly stripped down by film by sharp machine tool, the method is applicable to prepare thicker freestanding carbon nanotube film.
15. preparation methods according to claim 9, is characterized in that described wet method is peeled off as to be dipped in solvent by the film completed, utilize the physico-chemical property that carbon nano-tube film and basilar membrane are different in a solvent, it is made automatically to be separated, after repeatedly rinsing, dry, obtained self-supporting film.
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