CN105266876B - 一种脊柱微创手术用固定装置 - Google Patents

一种脊柱微创手术用固定装置 Download PDF

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CN105266876B
CN105266876B CN201510746234.5A CN201510746234A CN105266876B CN 105266876 B CN105266876 B CN 105266876B CN 201510746234 A CN201510746234 A CN 201510746234A CN 105266876 B CN105266876 B CN 105266876B
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nail
head
fixing device
fixed
minimally invasive
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CN105266876A (zh
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范国鑫
贺石生
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Tongji University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7062—Devices acting on, attached to, or simulating the effect of, vertebral processes, vertebral facets or ribs ; Tools for such devices
    • A61B17/7064—Devices acting on, attached to, or simulating the effect of, vertebral facets; Tools therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8605—Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8605—Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone
    • A61B17/861—Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone specially shaped for gripping driver
    • A61B17/8615—Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone specially shaped for gripping driver at the central region of the screw head
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8605—Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone
    • A61B17/861—Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone specially shaped for gripping driver
    • A61B17/862—Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone specially shaped for gripping driver at the periphery of the screw head
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8625—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B2017/564—Methods for bone or joint treatment

Abstract

本发明涉及一种脊柱微创手术用固定装置，用于对峡部裂型腰椎滑脱的两个椎骨进行连接，该固定装置包括固定钉、锁定钉及锁定螺母，所述的固定钉设有两个，所述的固定钉包括锥形的钉体与连接在钉体尾端的钉帽，所述的钉帽上开设有锁定孔；使用时，两个固定钉从同一手术切口分别进入两个峡部裂型腰椎滑脱的两个椎骨中，使得钉帽留在椎骨外，两个固定钉钉帽上的锁定孔对齐，通过锁定钉与锁定螺母紧固。与现有技术相比，本发明固定装置应用于峡部裂型腰椎滑脱，上下两个固定钉的置钉路径结合皮质骨路径和穿关节突路径的优势，特别适合骨质疏松的患者。本发明装置使用时，两个固定钉只需要在患者皮肤留下一个切口，更加微创，美观。

Description

一种脊柱微创手术用固定装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种脊柱微创手术用器械，尤其是涉及一种脊柱微创手术用固定装置。
背景技术
随着手术器械不断更新、先进的医疗影像设备的不断出现以及手术中计算机辅助导航的应用，微创技术在脊柱外科中发展很快。脊椎微创手术很多情况下需要置钉固定，但置钉存在两个问题：传统方法为使用椎弓根螺钉置棒，但是会留下两个切口，对脊柱挤压容易造成进一步伤害，用螺栓钉又不好使用螺母固定。
中国专利CN204318889U公布了一种脊柱微创手术用自攻膨胀钉，包括钉体，钉体为中空结构，内腔中有中空的螺丝辊穿过，钉体的前端面为向内倾斜凹进的齿状，靠近前端面的内腔呈喇叭口状，喇叭口内有与中空螺丝辊相配合的中空锥形螺帽，钉体前部有纵向的豁缝将钉体前部分离成三个或四个可开张裂片，钉体的后端外壁直径小于钉体且有外螺丝口，钉体后端内腔有凹进的扩台，从内腔中伸出的中空螺丝棍后端部外径大于钉体内腔直径且有外六方板口处于扩台之上。该设计结构过于复杂，制造以及成本较高，并且使用时对手术对象的创口较大，并不适用于峡部裂型滑脱。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种结构简单、使用方便、只有一个切口的脊柱微创手术用固定装置。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种脊柱微创手术用固定装置，用于对峡部裂型腰椎滑脱的两个椎骨进行连接，该固定装置包括固定钉、锁定钉及锁定螺母，所述的固定钉设有两个，所述的固定钉包括锥形的钉体与连接在钉体尾端的钉帽，所述的钉帽上开设有锁定孔；
使用时，两个固定钉从同一手术切口分别进入两个峡部裂型腰椎滑脱的两个椎骨中，使得钉帽留在椎骨外，两个固定钉钉帽上的锁定孔对齐，通过锁定钉与锁定螺母紧固。
所述的钉帽与钉体转动连接，所述的钉帽可绕钉体的中轴旋转。
所述的钉体表面开设有螺纹。
所述的钉帽为正方体结构，钉帽的下表面垂直设置在钉体尾端，在钉帽的上表面开设有拧钉用凹孔，在钉帽的侧面开设有贯通的锁定孔，所述的锁定孔轴线垂直于钉体的中轴线。
所述的凹孔为方形孔。
所述的锁定孔为圆形孔。
所述的锁定钉的直径满足其能够穿过锁定孔，所述的锁定钉的长度大于钉帽变长的两倍。
所述的固定钉为皮质骨螺钉。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点及有益效果：
1、本发明的固定钉中钉体与钉帽为转动连接方式，在将钉体拧进椎骨后，可以旋转钉帽，使得两个固定钉钉帽上的锁定孔对齐，以便使用锁定钉与螺母进行紧固。
2、本发明的固定钉钉帽上的拧钉用凹孔采用方形结构，便于操作同时缩短固定钉旋进或旋出的时间。
3、本发明固定装置应用于峡部裂型腰椎滑脱，上下两个固定钉的置钉路径结合皮质骨路径和穿关节突路径的优势，特别适合骨质疏松的患者。
4、本发明通过锁定钉和螺母锁定两个固定钉，省去传统椎弓根螺钉置棒，两个固定钉只需要在患者皮肤留下一个切口，更加微创，美观。
附图说明
图1为固定钉立体结构示意图；
图2为两个固定钉组合结构示意图；
图3为两个固定钉使用时结构示意图。
图中标号：1为固定钉，11为钉体，12为钉帽，13为凹孔，14为锁定孔，2为锁定钉，3为锁定螺母。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例
一种脊柱微创手术用固定装置，如图1、图2、图3所示，用于对峡部裂型腰椎滑脱的两个椎骨进行连接，该固定装置包括固定钉1、锁定钉2及锁定螺母3，固定钉1设有两个，固定钉1包括锥形的钉体11与连接在钉体11尾端的钉帽12，钉帽12与钉体11转动连接，钉帽12可绕钉体11的中轴旋转。钉体11表面开设有螺纹。钉帽12为正方体结构，钉帽12的下表面垂直设置在钉体11尾端，在钉帽12的上表面开设有拧钉用凹孔13，在钉帽12的侧面开设有贯通的锁定孔14，锁定孔14轴线垂直于钉体11的中轴线，其中，凹孔13为方形孔，锁定孔14为圆形孔。固定钉1为皮质骨螺钉。锁定钉2的直径满足其能够穿过锁定孔14，锁定钉2的长度大于钉帽12变长的两倍。
使用时，两个固定钉1从同一手术切口分别进入两个峡部裂型腰椎滑脱的两个椎骨中，使得钉帽12留在椎骨外，两个固定钉1钉帽12上的锁定孔14对齐，通过锁定钉2与锁定螺母3紧固。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改，并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本发明不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示，不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种脊柱微创手术用固定装置，用于对峡部裂型腰椎滑脱的两个椎骨进行连接，其特征在于，该固定装置包括固定钉、锁定钉及锁定螺母，所述的固定钉设有两个，所述的固定钉包括锥形的钉体与连接在钉体尾端的钉帽，所述的钉帽上开设有锁定孔；
所述的钉帽为正方体结构，钉帽的下表面垂直设置在钉体尾端，在钉帽的上表面开设有拧钉用方形孔，在钉帽的侧面开设有贯通的锁定孔，所述的锁定孔轴线垂直于钉体的中轴线；
使用时，两个固定钉从同一手术切口分别进入两个峡部裂型腰椎滑脱的两个椎骨中，使得钉帽留在椎骨外，两个固定钉钉帽上的锁定孔对齐，通过锁定钉与锁定螺母紧固。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种脊柱微创手术用固定装置，其特征在于，所述的钉帽与钉体转动连接，所述的钉帽可绕钉体的中轴旋转。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种脊柱微创手术用固定装置，其特征在于，所述的钉体表面开设有螺纹。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种脊柱微创手术用固定装置，其特征在于，所述的锁定孔为圆形孔。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种脊柱微创手术用固定装置，其特征在于，所述的锁定钉的直径满足其能够穿过锁定孔，所述的锁定钉的长度大于钉帽边长的两倍。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种脊柱微创手术用固定装置，其特征在于，所述的固定钉为皮质骨螺钉。
CN201510746234.5A 2015-11-05 2015-11-05 一种脊柱微创手术用固定装置 Expired - Fee Related CN105266876B (zh)

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CN101579253B (zh) * 2009-05-27 2010-11-17 陈哲 腰椎峡部裂复位内固定系统
CN202365899U (zh) * 2011-11-08 2012-08-08 常州市康辉医疗器械有限公司 一种钉帽可旋转型单向椎弓根螺钉
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