CN105261795B - A kind of lithium ion battery series connection grouping method based on clustering algorithm - Google Patents

A kind of lithium ion battery series connection grouping method based on clustering algorithm Download PDF

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CN105261795B
CN105261795B CN201510695397.5A CN201510695397A CN105261795B CN 105261795 B CN105261795 B CN 105261795B CN 201510695397 A CN201510695397 A CN 201510695397A CN 105261795 B CN105261795 B CN 105261795B
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battery
constant
voltage
lithium ion
current
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CN105261795A (en
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张彩萍
姜久春
张维戈
郭琦沛
王占国
庞松龄
姜研
王文静
谢剑
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HAINAN STATE GRID Co Ltd
Beijing Jiaotong University
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HAINAN STATE GRID Co Ltd
Beijing Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion, and in particular to a kind of lithium ion battery series connection grouping method based on clustering algorithm.It is characterized in that：The basic parameter of lithium ion battery is measured and calculated using battery test apparatus；Size directly groups of mode is by measure abandoned, it is proposed that the grouping method considered by battery capacity, ohmic internal resistance, 10s internal resistances and platform voltage as coincident indicator；Determine after above-mentioned group parameter index, the weight obtained between each index is calculated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP)；The battery data that measurement is obtained is normalized and weights processing, and polylith cell is divided into different groups using clustering algorithm and then connected in groups.The present invention combines lithium ion battery electrochemical reaction mechanism itself and external electrical characteristic, based on the measurement and distribution of each parameter of lithium ion battery, improves the uniformity of lithium ion battery, and then extend the battery modules life-span.

Description

A kind of lithium ion battery series connection grouping method based on clustering algorithm
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion, and in particular to a kind of lithium ion battery series connection based on clustering algorithm Grouping method.
Background technology
The development and popularization of electric automobile have very important meaning, mesh for reducing waste gas discharge and saving gasoline expense Although preceding national and government electric automobile has been put into effect do not restrict driving, easily the number of shaking, enjoy the very useful encouragement policies such as subsidy, The high cost of electric automobile and price still turn into the key factor of developmental limitation.Wherein major reason is lithium ion power electricity The cost decrease speed that pond cost is higher and technological innovation is brought is slower；In addition, electric automobile is in security and stability, battery life In terms of it is immature also turn into hinder development key factor.
Battery life is consumer for the key factor in electric automobile purchase decision, and wherein battery group technology is ground It is the key factor for extending battery life to study carefully development.Under current power battery technology level, batteries of electric automobile bag is necessary Be made up of polylith electrokinetic cell certain connection in series-parallel, due to battery cell in the parameters such as capacity, internal resistance, voltage exist it is poor It is different, the performance of battery bag is not reached the performance of cell, performance will worse and worse in long-term use, the battery bag life-span Substantially shorten compared to the monomer life-span, and existing lithium ion battery grouping method presence can not take into account asking for multiple parameters uniformity Topic.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, what the present invention proposed a kind of lithium ion battery based on clustering algorithm is connected into prescription Method, its technical scheme is as follows：
Step 1：The basic parameter battery capacity of each battery is tested and calculates using cell test equipment, in ohm Resistance, 10s internal resistances and platform voltage；
The battery capacity uses constant-current constant-voltage charging, the method for testing of constant-current discharge；
The acquisition of ohmic internal resistance and the 10s internal resistance uses composite pulse current method, and detailed process is as follows
Step 101：10s is stood after battery test apparatus connection battery, 5A constant-current charges to 50%SOC stand 1h, and 6A is permanent Electric 10s is banished, 60s, 4A constant-current charge 10s is stood, 60s is stood；
Step 102：The data for the 6A constant-current discharges part for continuing 10s are chosen, voltage change during 10ms is found out respectively ΔU1Voltage change Δ U during with 10s2, corresponding DC internal resistance is tried to achieve using Ohm's law, respectively in ohmic internal resistance and 10s Resistance；
The platform voltage refers to the cell voltage of plateau during constant current charge-discharge, and platform voltage data are by above-mentioned battery Constant-current discharge part during volume test is directly read by the control software of test equipment；
Step 2：Battery capacity, ohmic internal resistance, 10s internal resistances and platform voltage are come as coincident indicator to connect to battery Considered in groups；
Step 3：Determine after above-mentioned group parameter index, battery capacity, Europe are obtained using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis calculating Weight ratio between nurse internal resistance, 10s internal resistances and platform voltage；
Step 4:The battery data that measurement is obtained is normalized using median method and handled by this Weight, using poly- Polylith cell is divided into different groups by class algorithm, then by the cell series connection of same group in groups.
The method of testing of battery capacity is to stand 10s after battery test apparatus connects battery in the step 1, and 5A constant currents are filled Electricity rises to 3.65V until voltage, and 3.65V constant-voltage charges drop to 0.5A until electric current, stand 1h, 5A constant-current discharges to voltage 2.5V is dropped to, 1h is stood；This process is circulated 3 times, takes the discharge capacity that third time is circulated as battery capacity data.
In the step 3 battery capacity, ohmic internal resistance, 10s internal resistances and platform are obtained using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis calculating The specific steps of weight ratio between voltage are followed successively by：Agriculture products constitute, determine between any two proportion, Judgement Matricies, Uniformity judges, calculates characteristic vector, finally gives index weights.
Clustering algorithm in the step 4 is k-means methods.
Beneficial effect
The present invention combines lithium ion battery electrochemical reaction mechanism itself and external electrical characteristic, each based on lithium ion battery The measurement and distribution of parameter, it is proposed that a kind of series connection grouping method of the lithium ion battery based on clustering algorithm, improve lithium from The uniformity of sub- battery multiple parameters, and then extend the battery modules life-span.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1-gather 16 batteries for 4 class A, B, C, D cluster result, wherein transverse and longitudinal coordinate difference table by the inventive method Show the higher capacity coefficient of weight and platform voltage coefficient；
The monomer discharge curve of Fig. 2-phylogenetic group A series mould set；
The monomer discharge curve of Fig. 3-phylogenetic group B series mould set；
The monomer discharge curve of Fig. 4-phylogenetic group C series mould set；
The monomer discharge curve of Fig. 5-phylogenetic group D series mould set；
The flow chart of Fig. 6-lithium ion battery series connection grouping method based on clustering algorithm.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of the lithium ion battery series connection grouping method based on clustering algorithm.
First, lithium ion single battery outward appearance is observed, the defective battery of outward appearance, including bulge, deformation and lug is rejected Situations such as damage.
Carried out according still further to following step：
Step 1, each battery capacity, ohmic internal resistance, 10s internal resistances and platform are tested and calculated using cell test equipment The basic parameters such as voltage.
Battery capacity testing scheme is to connect battery test apparatus to stand 10 seconds after battery, and 5A constant-current charges are until voltage 3.65V is risen to, 3.65V constant-voltage charges drop to 0.5A until electric current, stand 1 hour, 5A constant-current discharges to voltage drop to 2.5V, stands 1 hour；This process is circulated 3 times, takes the discharge capacity that third time is circulated as battery capacity data.
The acquisition of ohmic internal resistance and 10s internal resistances uses composite pulse current method, and process is as follows
Step (1)：10 seconds are stood after battery test apparatus connection battery, 5A constant-current charges to 50%SOC stand 1 hour, 6A constant-current discharges 10 seconds, stand 60 seconds, and 4A constant-current charges 10 seconds stand 60 seconds；
Step (2)：The data for the 6A constant-current discharges part for continuing 10s are chosen, voltage change during 10ms is found out respectively ΔU1Voltage change Δ U during with 10s2, corresponding DC internal resistance is tried to achieve using Ohm's law, respectively in ohmic internal resistance and 10s Resistance；
Platform voltage data pass through the control software of test equipment by the constant-current discharge part during above-mentioned volume test Directly read.
Step 2, obtained by the equivalent first order modeling of cell, the otherness between battery shows ohmic internal resistance, pole Change internal resistance, 4 aspects of maximum available and SOC, wherein preceding 3 parameters belong to battery inherently characteristic, therefore by this three Individual parameter is used as groups of three indexs.Simultaneously as ferric phosphate lithium cell platform voltage clearly the characteristics of, by platform electricity Pressure also serves as an index in groups, it is thus determined that capacity, ohmic internal resistance, 10s internal resistances and platform voltage are groups of index of connecting.
Step 3, using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis calculating obtain battery capacity, ohmic internal resistance, 10s internal resistances and platform voltage it Between the agriculture products that concretely comprise the following steps of weight ratio constitute, determine that proportion between two two parameters, Judgement Matricies, uniformity are sentenced Disconnected, calculating characteristic vector, finally gives index weights.
Specific to this embodiment, determine that the weight proportion between two two parameters is
ηq:ηΩ=4
ηq:η10=2
ηq:ηu=1.5
ηu:ηΩ=3
ηu:η10=1.5
η10:ηΩ=2
η in formulaq--- weight of the capacity in groups；
ηΩ--- weight of the ohmic internal resistance in groups；
η10--- weight of the 10s internal resistances in groups；
ηu--- weight of the platform voltage in groups.
Judgement Matricies A is
Judgment matrix approach, the sex rate that tries to achieve a consensus CR=0.00063<0.1, consistent sexual satisfaction requirement；
Try to achieve matrix Maximum characteristic root and the characteristic vector corresponding to Maximum characteristic root is
λ=4.0017, ω=(0.41,0.099,0.199,0.29)T
Take the approximate index weights such as formula η for obtaining capacity, ohmic internal resistance, 10s internal resistances and platform voltageq:ηΩ:η10:ηu= 4:1:2:3。
Step 4, by each supplemental characteristic of cell using by weight proportion being weighted processing after the normalization of median method. Median method normalization concrete operation method is as follows：
X (n) is sample data, xmidFor sample data x (n) median.Each data point in x (k) sample datas Value, y (k) is data x (k) normalization result.
By formula (1) formula (2) by the range of data normalization to [- 1,1], then by the result after data normalization respectively with The weight proportion of previous step, which is multiplied, obtains the weighted data of each parameter of each battery.
K-means Cluster Programs are run in simulation software matlab, the data after weighting is handled import program, obtain Cluster result is as shown in figure 1, then by result series connection assembly testing of the cell by Fig. 1.Fig. 2-Fig. 5 be respectively phylogenetic group A, Phylogenetic group B, phylogenetic group C, the monomer discharge curve of phylogenetic group D series mould set.
Full-scale investigation capacity utilization test result is as shown in table 1
Module number A B C D
Discharge capacity (Ah) 9.964 10.012 10.073 10.362
Monomer minimum capacity (Ah) 10.684 10.743 10.986 11.004
Capacity utilization 93.30% 93.20% 91.70% 94.20%
Table 1
Test result indicates that, the capacity utilizations of four groups of series batteries reaches more than 90%, discharge curve such as Fig. 2- Fig. 5, shows that battery consistency is good in each phylogenetic group.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of lithium-ion-power cell series connection grouping method based on clustering algorithm, it is characterised in that：
Step 1：The basic parameter battery capacity of each battery, ohmic internal resistance, 10s are tested and calculated using cell test equipment Internal resistance and platform voltage；
The battery capacity uses constant-current constant-voltage charging, the method for testing of constant-current discharge；
The acquisition of ohmic internal resistance and the 10s internal resistance uses composite pulse current method, and detailed process is as follows
Step 101：10s is stood after battery test apparatus connection battery, 5A constant-current charges to 50%SOC stand 1h, and 6A constant currents are put Electric 10s, stands 60s, 4A constant-current charge 10s, stands 60s；
Step 102：The data for the 6A constant-current discharges part for continuing 10s are chosen, voltage change Δ U during 10ms is found out respectively1With Voltage change Δ U during 10s2, corresponding DC internal resistance, respectively ohmic internal resistance and 10s internal resistances are tried to achieve using Ohm's law；
The platform voltage refers to the cell voltage of plateau during constant current charge-discharge, and platform voltage data are by above-mentioned battery capacity Constant-current discharge part in test process is directly read by the control software of test equipment；
Step 2：Battery capacity, ohmic internal resistance, 10s internal resistances and platform voltage are connected into group as coincident indicator to battery Considered；
Step 3：Determine after above-mentioned group parameter index, battery capacity is obtained, in ohm using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis calculating Weight ratio between resistance, 10s internal resistances and platform voltage；
Step 4:The battery data that measurement is obtained is normalized using median method and handled by this Weight, uses cluster to calculate Polylith cell is divided into different groups by method, then by the cell series connection of same group in groups.
2. a kind of lithium-ion-power cell series connection grouping method based on clustering algorithm according to claim 1, its feature It is, the method for testing of battery capacity is to stand 10s, 5A constant-current charges after battery test apparatus connects battery in the step 1 Until voltage rises to 3.65V, 3.65V constant-voltage charges drop to 0.5A until electric current, stand under 1h, 5A constant-current discharges to voltage 2.5V is down to, 1h is stood；This process is circulated 3 times, takes the discharge capacity that third time is circulated as battery capacity data.
3. a kind of lithium-ion-power cell series connection grouping method based on clustering algorithm according to claim 1, its feature It is, battery capacity, ohmic internal resistance, 10s internal resistances and platform voltage is obtained using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis calculating in the step 3 Between the specific steps of weight ratio be followed successively by：Agriculture products constitute, determine proportion, Judgement Matricies, consistent between any two Property judge, calculate characteristic vector, finally give index weights.
4. a kind of lithium-ion-power cell series connection grouping method based on clustering algorithm according to claim 1, its feature It is, the clustering algorithm in the step 4 is k-means methods.
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CN107422265A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-12-01 深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司 A kind of detection method of cell uniformity
CN106670130B (en) * 2017-01-16 2018-11-02 哈尔滨理工大学 A kind of zinc-silver power battery method for separating
CN106684475B (en) * 2017-01-16 2019-03-26 哈尔滨理工大学 A kind of method for separating of ferric phosphate lithium cell
CN107024663B (en) * 2017-04-01 2019-04-05 湖南银杏数据科技有限公司 Lithium battery screening technique based on charging curve feature KPCA cluster
CN109919168A (en) * 2017-12-13 2019-06-21 北京创昱科技有限公司 A kind of cell classification method and system
CN109324297A (en) * 2018-10-19 2019-02-12 张瑞锋 A kind of method of consistency of battery pack analysis
CN109772753B (en) * 2019-03-05 2020-03-06 中国科学院自动化研究所 Power battery sorting system and method
CN110579708B (en) * 2019-08-29 2021-10-22 爱驰汽车有限公司 Battery capacity identification method and device, computing equipment and computer storage medium
CN111693876A (en) * 2020-05-09 2020-09-22 清华大学 Battery pack evaluation method and system
CN111816936B (en) * 2020-06-28 2021-11-26 珠海中力新能源科技有限公司 Battery echelon utilization grouping method and system, terminal equipment and storage medium
CN112198435B (en) * 2020-09-30 2023-08-22 金陵科技学院 Lithium ion battery matching method

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CN103091642B (en) * 2013-01-22 2014-12-10 北京交通大学 Lithium battery capacity rapid estimation method
CN103785629B (en) * 2014-01-13 2015-10-28 国家电网公司 A kind of echelon utilizes lithium battery to screen grouping method
CN103817091A (en) * 2014-02-28 2014-05-28 清华大学 Battery sorting method and system

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