CN105260579B - Solar energy heating system heat collector installation optimization method based on effective heat-collecting capacity - Google Patents
Solar energy heating system heat collector installation optimization method based on effective heat-collecting capacity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of solar energy heating system heat collectors based on effective heat-collecting capacity to install optimization method, includes the following steps：a）, solar thermal collection system effective heat-collecting capacity determine；b）, solar energy heating system heat collector installation Optimized model establish；c）, optimized mathematical model.Solar thermal collector best installation position of the present invention as obtained by based on the optimization of effective heat-collecting capacity can eliminate the invalid solar irradiation of heat collector surface mostly receiving with mounted angle so that identified solar thermal collector installation is more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of solar utilization technique, more particularly to a kind of solar heating system based on effective heat-collecting capacity
Heat collector of uniting installs optimization method.
Background technology
With the continuous development of active solar product, solar water and active solar heating technology under construction should
With being increasingly becoming research emphasis.Solar radiation reaches the radiant illumination variation of earth surface very greatly, even if in same place, no
Also there is very big difference with the solar irradiation obtained on inclined surface, so accurately selecting the mounted angle of solar thermal collector
It is an important measures for maximally utilising solar energy resources with installation position angle.
For best installation position and inclination angle, numerous researchs give different results.Such as document：Chinnery D N
W.Solar water heating in South Africa [R] .CSIR-Reseach Report 248, Pretoria,
1971, it is proposed that Southern African region solar energy optimum angle of incidence is when+10 ° of latitude of degree；Document：HeywoodH.Operating
Experience with solar heating [J] .JIHVE, 1971 (6) provide optimum angle of incidence as -10 ° of local latitude；Text
It offers：《Solar-heating heating engineering technical specification》[S], China Construction Industry Press, 2009, GB50495-2009, it is indicated that
Mounted angle is preferably selected in the range of -10 °~+20 ° of local latitude.
For most preferably installing optimization method, the solar irradiation quantity research difference that numerous scholars are all based on inclined surface reception is built
Build the installation position and mounted angle of solar thermal collector.Document：Liao Zhenqun, Liu Xinyue flat plate collectors mounted angle with too
Relationship [J] green science and technologys that positive amount of radiation absorbs, 2015,4:258-262, the sun spoke that can be received with heat collector surface
The amount of penetrating is up to target, and research is optimized to the optimum angle of incidence of Kunming and two city solar thermal collectors of Lijing；Document：
Huseyin Gunerhan,Arif Hepbasli.Determination of the optimum tilt angle of
Solar collectors for building applications [J] .Building and Environment, 2007,
42:779-783 is up to target, to Turkey's solar thermal collector with the solar radiation quantity that heat collector surface can receive
Optimum angle of incidence research is optimized；Document：Yang Hongxia, Zheng sea North Shaanxis solar water heater optimum angle of incidence determine
[J] low temperature Building technologies, 2015,6:142-144, it is maximum with the annual solar radiation quantity that heat collector surface can receive
For target, research is optimized to the optimum angle of incidence of northern Shensi solar thermal collector；Document：Ma Jiangyan typical meteorologicals during the lunar New Year I
The calculating of solar thermal collector optimum angle of incidence of state's due south installation and analysis [J] railway construction technologies, 2012,5:110-113,
Target is up to heat collector surface solar radiation daily amount average value, is inclined to the best of 10, China city solar thermal collector
Research is optimized in angle；Document：Wang Haitao, Liu Yan peak Lhasa solar thermal collector vertical setting of types installation optimum angle of incidence analysis [J]
Power-saving technology, 2009,27 (6)：525-563 is up to target with heat collector heat-collecting capacity, inclines to Lhasa area solar thermal collector
Angle is optimized, but collector efficiency is taken as definite value by it, substantially its with heat collector surface solar radiation daily amount
It is consistent that average value is up to mesh calibration method.
As it can be seen that the irradiation that tradition research is received according only to heat collector surface optimizes recommendation, environment is not considered
Temperature and Temperature of Working absorb heat collector the influence of heat.In practical application, due to solar energy optical-thermal heating system thermal-arrest
Efficiency is not only influenced by irradiation intensity, also related with ambient outdoor air dry-bulb temperature, relatively low outside air temperature with compared with
Weak intensity of solar radiation period, radiation loss caused by the heat convection of heat collector surface are more than the spoke of heat collector surface and the sun
Heat is penetrated to obtain, so in temperature and the relatively low sunrise of intensity of solar radiation and sunset period, although heat collector surface can receive
To solar irradiation energy, but the hot water in heat collector can not be heated, this causes the solar radiation of nearly 2 hours in one day to be invalid
, it is especially even more so in some cloudy snowy day gas periods, as shown in Figure 1.Using typical meteorological year by when meteorological data to whole year
After operating mode carries out simulation calculating, heat collector unit area heat-collecting capacity can be obtained, as shown in Fig. 2, from the graph, it is apparent that annual
There are numerous periods although there are solar radiation, but heat collector can not obtain effective heat for heating liquid work therein
Matter.
As it can be seen that optimized merely with the irradiation that heat collector surface receives, by be included in heat collector receiving it is invalid too
Positive irradiation causes the optimum results of gained and the certain deviation of physical presence.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to：In view of the above problems, a kind of active set based on solar thermal collector is provided
Heat, so as to provide the optimization method of heat collector installation position and mounted angle.
What the technical solution of the technology of the present invention was realized in：Solar energy heating system heat collector based on effective heat-collecting capacity
Optimization method is installed, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
A), effective heat-collecting capacity of solar thermal collection system is determining：
η=Qu/AIT(S,γf)=FR(τα)n-FRUL(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)
In formula, η is the collecting efficiency of heat collector；QuUseful heat, W are received for heat collector；A is the area of heat collector；IT(S,
γf) for the solar radiation that receives on heat collector unit area, W/m2；FRFor heat collector transfer efficiency coefficient；τ is transparent cover plate
Solar energy transmission coefficient；α is the solar absorption coefficient of heat collector tablet；N represents that incident direction is the normal direction of heat collector,
So write (τ α) along the transmission coefficient of normal direction incidence and the product of absorption coefficientn；ULFor heat collector Total heat loss's coefficient,
W/(℃·m2)；TiFor heat collector fluid inlet temperature, DEG C；TaFor ambient air temperature, DEG C；
Enable efficiency eta=0 of heat collector, it is determined that [(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]cFor the critical normalization temperature difference, return critical
One changes under temperature difference condition, and the solar energy of absorption is equal to heat loss；As the normalization the temperature difference [(T of t momenti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]t≤
[(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]cWhen, η >=0, the solar energy of absorption is more than heat loss, and heat collector obtains efficient heat；When t moment
Normalize the temperature difference [(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]t≥[(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]cWhen, η≤0, the solar energy of absorption is less than heat waste
It loses, heat collector reversely radiates；Therefore effective heat-collecting capacity of solar thermal collection system is determined as：Certain moment, when the normalization temperature difference is less than
During the critical normalization temperature difference, solar radiation energy and heat collector that solar thermal collector is absorbed are lost to the energy of ambient enviroment
Difference be the moment effective heat-collecting capacity；
B), solar energy heating system heat collector installation Optimized model is established：
(1) inclined surface solar irradiation computational methods when carrying out solar thermal collector installation optimization, are needed horizontal plane
Upper solar irradiation is converted into solar irradiation on inclined surface or is converted into solar irradiance on horizontal plane on inclined surface too
Positive solar global irradiance；
1. basic parameter, declination angle δ, hour angle ω, elevation angle αs
Day ground the line of centres and equator angle become declination angle δ, be to the north of equator just, on the south be it is negative, can be by Cooper
Approximate formula is calculated：
In formula：N is the date serial number in 1 year；
Hour angle ω is the sun in intraday situation of change, and corresponding hour angle is 15 ° per hour, is counted from high noon, the morning
It is negative, afternoon, the time (h) that numerical value is equal to from high noon was multiplied by 15 °, and sunrise, acronical hour angle are maximum for just, and when high noon is
Zero；
Elevation angle αsThe minimum line face angle handed over by the sunray in somewhere with local ground level, it is sunray with working as
The minimum line face angle that ground ground level is handed over, computational methods are as follows：
sinαs=sin Φ sin δ+cos Φ cos δ cos ω
In formula：Φ is geographic latitude；
2. computation model
Direct solar radiation：
If the angle between inclined surface and horizontal plane, i.e. inclination angle are S, between solar incident ray and receiving surface normal
The calculation formula of angle theta is：
Cos θ=sin δ sin Φ cosS-sin δ cos Φ sinScos γf+cosδcosΦcosScosω+cosδsinΦ
sinScosγf·cosω+cosδsinSsinγfsinω
Beam radia illumination on inclined surface is ID·θ：
In formula：InFor vertically with the beam radia illumination W/m on sunray surface2；γfPacify for heat collector surface
Azimuth is filled, is 0 ° for the inclined surface towards due south；IDHFor the direct solar radiation illumination on horizontal plane, W/m2；
Scattering radiation：
Sky scattering irradiation is by the irradiation of the sun and the equally distributed scattering spoke of remaining sky dome on inclined surface
It is formed according to amount two parts, the solar scattered radiation illumination I on inclined surfaced·θ, it is calculated as follows：
In formula：IdHFor the solar scattered radiation illumination W/m on horizontal plane2；
Ground return radiates：
Lambert laws are used in the reflected radiation on ground, the reflected radiation on ground are regarded as isotropic, ground is anti-
The solar irradiance I penetratedR·θ, it is calculated as follows：
In formula：ρGFor ground return ratio, it is averaged 0.2, IDHFor the direct solar radiation illumination on horizontal plane, W/m2；
Global radiation on inclined surface：
Solar irradiance I on heat collector inclined surface unit areaT(S,γf), it is calculated as follows：
IT(S,γf)=ID·θ+Id·θ+IR·θ；
C), optimized mathematical model：
According to different angle and effective heat-collecting capacity in the case of different installation position angles is calculated, by the effective thermal-arrest of heating season
The mounted angle of amount accumulation amount maximum is with azimuth as best mounted angle and azimuth；
The mathematical description of the effective heat-collecting capacity of heating season is：
In formula：Qu(S,γf) be heating season effective heat-collecting capacity, kJ；A be heat collector daylighting area, m2；IT(S,γf)
For the solar radiation received on heat collector unit area, W/m2；S,γfRespectively heat collector inclination angle and heat collector surface installation side
Parallactic angle, °；ηT +For instantaneous collector efficiency, %, subscript+expression, using positive value, makes in cumulative so optimization object function should be
It is maximum in effective heat-collecting capacity that heating season obtains to obtain heat collector, i.e.,：
Solar energy heating system heat collector installation optimization method of the present invention based on effective heat-collecting capacity, by upper
Optimized model is stated, is solved using MATLAB software programming solvers, specially：
A installation position angle and the mounted angle of solar energy heating system heat collector), are primarily determined；
B it), according to hourly weather data, calculates heat collector using heat collector inclined surface solar irradiation computational methods and inclines
The solar irradiation on inclined-plane；
C), using collector efficiency equation, inclined according to just fixed heat collector installation position angle, mounted angle and heat collector
Inclined-plane solar irradiation in combination with hourly weather data, calculates the annual effective heat-collecting capacity of heat collector at this time；
D), the heat collector calculated annual effectively heat-collecting capacity and setting value are compared, if annual effectively heat-collecting capacity is big
Then it is the best installation position angle of the solar energy heating system heat collector and inclination angle in fiducial value, if annual effective heat-collecting capacity
Less than fiducial value, then return to step A) change installation position angle and/or the mounted angle of heat collector.
Solar energy heating system heat collector installation optimization method of the present invention based on effective heat-collecting capacity, works as thermal-arrest
Device is annual when effectively heat-collecting capacity is less than fiducial value, return to step A) after change the mounted angle of heat collector first, obtaining it is corresponding
After the corresponding active set heat maxima of mounted angle, then change the installation position angle of heat collector, until heat collector is annual effectively
The mounted angle of heat-collecting capacity accumulation amount maximum is with azimuth as best mounted angle and azimuth.
Solar thermal collector best installation position and mounted angle of the present invention as obtained by based on the optimization of effective heat-collecting capacity
The invalid solar irradiation that heat collector surface receives more can be eliminated so that identified solar thermal collector installation is more accurate.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is typical day heat collector surface solar radiation and thermal-arrest period relation schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is Lhasa installation position heat collector unit area heat-collecting capacity schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the signal of solar energy heat collection equipment principle of energy balance.
Fig. 4 is the solution flow chart of optimization method of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is described in detail.
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it is right
The technology of the present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only used to explain this hair
It is bright, it is not used to limit invention.
Embodiment：A kind of solar energy heating system heat collector installation optimization method based on effective heat-collecting capacity, including following
Step：
A), effective heat-collecting capacity of solar thermal collection system is determining：
The useful energy that certain moment obtains from heat collector is the solar energy and be lost to ambient enviroment that absorber absorbs
Energy difference, wherein the solar energy absorbed refers to that the solar energy for reaching heat collector surface is subtracted since heat collector reflection etc. is made
Into optical loss, and the available heat obtained be then by the solar energy on arrival heat collector surface subtract above-mentioned optical loss with
Heat collector is after the radiation loss of ambient enviroment, the heat that is absorbed by heat collector working medium, as shown in Figure 3.
Solar thermal collector is suitable for equation below：
η=Qu/AIT(S,γf)=FR(τα)n-FRUL(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)
In formula, η is the collecting efficiency of heat collector；QuUseful heat, W are received for heat collector；A is the area of heat collector；IT(S,
γf) for the solar radiation that receives on heat collector unit area, W/m2；FRFor heat collector transfer efficiency coefficient；τ is transparent cover plate
Solar energy transmission coefficient；α is the solar absorption coefficient of heat collector tablet；N represents that incident direction is the normal direction of heat collector,
So write (τ α) along the transmission coefficient of normal direction incidence and the product of absorption coefficientn；ULFor heat collector Total heat loss's coefficient,
W/(℃·m2)；TiFor heat collector fluid inlet temperature, DEG C；TaFor ambient air temperature, DEG C；
Enable efficiency eta=0 of heat collector, it is determined that [(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]cFor the critical normalization temperature difference, return critical
One changes under temperature difference condition, and the solar energy of absorption is equal to heat loss；As the normalization the temperature difference [(T of t momenti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]t≤
[(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]cWhen, η >=0, the solar energy of absorption is more than heat loss, and heat collector obtains efficient heat；When t moment
Normalize the temperature difference [(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]t≥[(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]cWhen, η≤0, the solar energy of absorption is less than heat waste
It loses, heat collector reversely radiates；Therefore effective heat-collecting capacity of solar thermal collection system is determined as：Certain moment, when the normalization temperature difference is less than
During the critical normalization temperature difference, solar radiation energy and heat collector that solar thermal collector is absorbed are lost to the energy of ambient enviroment
Difference be the moment effective heat-collecting capacity.
B), solar energy heating system heat collector installation Optimized model is established：
(1) inclined surface solar irradiation computational methods when carrying out solar thermal collector installation optimization, are needed horizontal plane
Upper solar irradiation is converted into solar irradiation on inclined surface or is converted into solar irradiance on horizontal plane on inclined surface too
Positive solar global irradiance；
1. basic parameter, declination angle δ, hour angle ω, elevation angle αs
Day ground the line of centres and equator angle become declination angle δ, be to the north of equator just, on the south be it is negative, can be by Cooper
Approximate formula is calculated：
In formula：N is the date serial number in 1 year；
Hour angle ω is the sun in intraday situation of change, and corresponding hour angle is 15 ° per hour, is counted from high noon, the morning
It is negative, afternoon, the time (h) that numerical value is equal to from high noon was multiplied by 15 °, and sunrise, acronical hour angle are maximum for just, and when high noon is
Zero；
Elevation angle αsThe minimum line face angle handed over by the sunray in somewhere with local ground level, it is sunray with working as
The minimum line face angle that ground ground level is handed over, computational methods are as follows：
sinαs=sin Φ sin δ+cos Φ cos δ cos ω
In formula：Φ is geographic latitude；
2. computation model
Direct solar radiation：
If the angle between inclined surface and horizontal plane, i.e. inclination angle are S, between solar incident ray and receiving surface normal
The calculation formula of angle theta is：
Cos θ=sin δ sin Φ cosS-sin δ cos Φ sinScos γf+cosδcosΦcosScosω+cosδsinΦ
sinScosγf·cosω+cosδsinSsinγfsinω
Beam radia illumination on inclined surface is ID·θ：
In formula：InFor vertically with the beam radia illumination W/m on sunray surface2；γfPacify for heat collector surface
Azimuth is filled, is 0 ° for the inclined surface towards due south；IDHFor the direct solar radiation illumination on horizontal plane, W/m2；
Scattering radiation：
Sky scattering irradiation is by the irradiation of the sun and the equally distributed scattering spoke of remaining sky dome on inclined surface
It is formed according to amount two parts, the solar scattered radiation illumination I on inclined surfaced·θ, it is calculated as follows：
In formula：IdHFor the solar scattered radiation illumination W/m on horizontal plane2；
Ground return radiates：
Lambert laws are used in the reflected radiation on ground, the reflected radiation on ground are regarded as isotropic, ground is anti-
The solar irradiance I penetratedR·θ, it is calculated as follows：
In formula：ρGFor ground return ratio, it is averaged 0.2, IDHFor the direct solar radiation illumination on horizontal plane, W/m2；
Global radiation on inclined surface：
Solar irradiance I on heat collector inclined surface unit areaT(S,γf), it is calculated as follows：
IT(S,γf)=ID·θ+Id·θ+IR·θ。
C), optimized mathematical model：
Traditional solar thermal collector optimum angle of incidence and best orientation angle and optimizing, be by calculate different angle from it is different
Solar irradiation in the case of installation position angle, using the mounted angle of irradiation maximum and azimuth as best mounted angle
With azimuth.Such as the solar water heating system that uses of whole year, by calculating the whole year in the case of different installation position angles
Solar irradiation calculates to optimize, for the solar energy heating system that seasonality uses, then by calculating different installation sides
Heating season solar irradiation in the case of parallactic angle calculates to optimize.
In fact, by effective heat-collecting capacity of aforementioned solar thermal collector it is found that as the normalization the temperature difference [(T of t momenti-
Ta)/IT(S,γf)]t≥[(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]cWhen, η≤0, the solar energy of absorption is less than heat loss, and heat collector reversely dissipates
Heat, therefore in these periods, solar thermal collection system is stopped, and the solar irradiation that heat collector surface is obtained can not convert
For useful heating-amount.
Therefore, the present invention be according to calculating different angle and effective heat-collecting capacity in the case of different installation position angles, will be for
The mounted angle of the effective heat-collecting capacity accumulation amount maximum of warm season section is with azimuth as best mounted angle and azimuth.
The mathematical description of the effective heat-collecting capacity of heating season is：
In formula：Qu(S,γf) be heating season effective heat-collecting capacity, kJ；A be heat collector daylighting area, m2；IT(S,γf)
For the solar radiation received on heat collector unit area, W/m2；S,γfRespectively heat collector inclination angle and heat collector surface installation side
Parallactic angle, °；ηT +For instantaneous collector efficiency, %, subscript+expression, using positive value, makes in cumulative so optimization object function should be
It is maximum in effective heat-collecting capacity that heating season obtains to obtain heat collector, i.e.,：
As shown in figure 4, by above-mentioned Optimized model, solved using MATLAB software programming solvers, specially：
A installation position angle and the mounted angle of solar energy heating system heat collector), are primarily determined.
B it), according to hourly weather data, calculates heat collector using heat collector inclined surface solar irradiation computational methods and inclines
The solar irradiation on inclined-plane.
C), using collector efficiency equation, inclined according to just fixed heat collector installation position angle, mounted angle and heat collector
Inclined-plane solar irradiation in combination with hourly weather data, calculates the annual effective heat-collecting capacity of heat collector at this time.
D), the heat collector calculated annual effectively heat-collecting capacity and setting value are compared, if annual effectively heat-collecting capacity is big
Then it is the best installation position angle of the solar energy heating system heat collector and inclination angle in fiducial value, if annual effective heat-collecting capacity
Less than fiducial value, then return to step A) change installation position angle and/or the mounted angle of heat collector.
In the present embodiment, when heat collector is annual effectively heat-collecting capacity is less than fiducial value when, return to step A) after change first
The mounted angle of heat collector after the corresponding active set heat maxima of corresponding mounted angle is obtained, then changes the peace of heat collector
Azimuth is filled, until the mounted angle of the annual effectively heat-collecting capacity accumulation amount maximum of heat collector inclines with azimuth as best installation
Angle and azimuth.
Specific example：
The abundant Lhasa of the abundant solar energy resources of solar energy resources is chosen as cross-section study object.
Using above-mentioned Optimized model, optimization meter is simulated to Lhasa solar thermal collector installation position and mounted angle
It calculates, the optimal installation parameter of heat collector is：0 ° of installation position angle, 55 ° of mounted angle, while installation position angle -20 °~+
20 °, inclination angle is in the range of 40 °~60 ° when changing, the active set thermal fluctuation very little of entire warm season, about 10% or so.
Therefore solar energy heating design in, in order not to by building use condition restricted, can suitably expand heat collector installation position and
Inclination angle.
Using above-mentioned Optimized model and traditional optimization, to Lhasa solar thermal collector installation position and mounted angle into
Go simulative optimization calculating, wherein, based on the best installation position angle that the irradiation that heat collector surface is received is obtained for just
South is to and being 5 ° of south by west based on the best installation position angle gone out obtained by the effective heat-collecting capacity of heat collector.This is primarily due to
The outside air temperature of period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m section is usually less than afternoon hours, and under same irradiation intensity, outside air temperature is lower to be obtained
Effective heat-collecting capacity it is fewer, therefore based on effective heat-collecting capacity to heat collector installation optimize may with based on heat collector surface
The result that the irradiation intensity received optimizes is different.As it can be seen that it is installed using the heat collector that new optimization method obtains
Orientation optimum results may and traditional optimization there are 5 ° or so of deviations.
In conclusion the best installation position of solar thermal collector based on effective heat-collecting capacity optimization gained can with mounted angle
To eliminate the invalid solar irradiation that heat collector surface receives more so that identified solar thermal collector installation is more accurate.For drawing
The analysis of cases in Sa area the result shows that, the optimum results obtained using method proposed in this paper and traditional optimization, installation
There are 5 ° of deviations in orientation.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the solar energy heating system heat collector installation optimization method based on effective heat-collecting capacity, it is characterised in that：Including following step
Suddenly：
A), effective heat-collecting capacity of solar thermal collection system is determining：
η=Qu/AIT(S,γf)=FR(τα)n-FRUL(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)
In formula, η is the collecting efficiency of heat collector；QuUseful heat, W are received for heat collector；A is the area of heat collector；IT(S,γf) be
The solar radiation received on heat collector unit area, W/m2；FRFor heat collector transfer efficiency coefficient；τ is the solar energy of transparent cover plate
Transmission coefficient；α is the solar absorption coefficient of heat collector tablet；N represents that incident direction is the normal direction of heat collector, so edge
The product writing (τ α) of the transmission coefficient and absorption coefficient of normal direction incidencen；ULFor heat collector Total heat loss's coefficient, W/ (DEG C
m2)；TiFor heat collector fluid inlet temperature, DEG C；TaFor ambient air temperature, DEG C；
Enable efficiency eta=0 of heat collector, it is determined that [(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]cFor the critical normalization temperature difference, in critical normalization
Under temperature difference condition, the solar energy of absorption is equal to heat loss；As the normalization the temperature difference [(T of t momenti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]t≤
[(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]cWhen, η >=0, the solar energy of absorption is more than heat loss, and heat collector obtains efficient heat；When t moment
Normalize the temperature difference [(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]t≥[(Ti-Ta)/IT(S,γf)]cWhen, η≤0, the solar energy of absorption is less than heat waste
It loses, heat collector reversely radiates；Therefore effective heat-collecting capacity of solar thermal collection system is determined as：Certain moment, when the normalization temperature difference is less than
During the critical normalization temperature difference, solar radiation energy and heat collector that solar thermal collector is absorbed are lost to the energy of ambient enviroment
Difference be the moment effective heat-collecting capacity；
B), solar energy heating system heat collector installation Optimized model is established：
(1) inclined surface solar irradiation computational methods, carry out solar thermal collector installation optimization when, need by horizontal plane too
Positive irradiation is converted on inclined surface solar irradiation or that solar irradiance on horizontal plane is converted into the sun on inclined surface is total
Irradiation level；
1. basic parameter, declination angle δ, hour angle ω, elevation angle αs
Day ground the line of centres and equator angle become declination angle δ, be to the north of equator just, on the south be it is negative, can by Cooper approximation
Formula is calculated：
In formula：N is the date serial number in 1 year；
Hour angle ω is the sun in intraday situation of change, and corresponding hour angle is 15 ° per hour, is counted from high noon, the morning be it is negative,
Afternoon, the time (h) that numerical value is equal to from high noon was multiplied by 15 °, and sunrise, acronical hour angle are maximum for just, and when high noon is zero；
Elevation angle αsThe minimum line face angle handed over by the sunray in somewhere with local ground level, it is sunray and local ground
The minimum line face angle that plane is handed over, computational methods are as follows：
sinαs=sin Φ sin δ+cos Φ cos δ cos ω
In formula：Φ is geographic latitude；
2. computation model
Direct solar radiation：
If the angle between inclined surface and horizontal plane, i.e. inclination angle are S, the angle between solar incident ray and receiving surface normal
The calculation formula of θ is：
Cos θ=sin δ sin Φ cosS-sin δ cos Φ sinScos γf+cosδcosΦcosScosω+
cosδsinΦsinScosγf·cosω+cosδsinSsinγfsinω
Beam radia illumination on inclined surface is ID·θ：
In formula：InFor vertically with the beam radia illumination W/m on sunray surface2；γfFor heat collector surface installation side
Parallactic angle is 0 ° for the inclined surface towards due south；IDHFor the direct solar radiation illumination on horizontal plane, W/m2；
Scattering radiation：
Sky scattering irradiation is by the irradiation of the sun and the equally distributed scattering irradiation of remaining sky dome on inclined surface
Two parts form, the solar scattered radiation illumination I on inclined surfaced·θ, it is calculated as follows：
In formula：IdHFor the solar scattered radiation illumination W/m on horizontal plane2；
Ground return radiates：
Lambert laws are used in the reflected radiation on ground, and the reflected radiation on ground is regarded as isotropic, ground return
Solar irradiance IR·θ, it is calculated as follows：
In formula：ρGFor ground return ratio, it is averaged 0.2, IDHFor the direct solar radiation illumination on horizontal plane, W/m2；
Global radiation on inclined surface：
Solar irradiance I on heat collector inclined surface unit areaT(S,γf), it is calculated as follows：
IT(S,γf)=ID·θ+Id·θ+IR·θ；
C), optimized mathematical model：
According to different angle and effective heat-collecting capacity in the case of different installation position angles is calculated, the effective heat-collecting capacity of heating season is tired out
The mounted angle of dosage maximum is with azimuth as best mounted angle and azimuth；
The mathematical description of the effective heat-collecting capacity of heating season is：
In formula：Qu(S,γf) be heating season effective heat-collecting capacity, kJ；A be heat collector daylighting area, m2；IT(S,γf) to collect
The solar radiation received on hot device unit area, W/m2；S,γfRespectively heat collector inclination angle and heat collector surface installation position
Angle, °；ηT +For instantaneous collector efficiency, %, subscript+expression in cumulative using positive value, so optimization object function should be so that
Heat collector is maximum in effective heat-collecting capacity that heating season obtains, i.e.,：
2. the solar energy heating system heat collector installation optimization method according to claim 1 based on effective heat-collecting capacity,
It is characterized in that：By above-mentioned Optimized model, solved using MATLAB software programming solvers, specially：
A installation position angle and the mounted angle of solar energy heating system heat collector), are primarily determined；
B), according to hourly weather data, heat collector inclined surface is calculated using heat collector inclined surface solar irradiation computational methods
Solar irradiation；
C), using collector efficiency equation, according to just fixed heat collector installation position angle, mounted angle and heat collector inclined surface
Solar irradiation in combination with hourly weather data, calculates the annual effective heat-collecting capacity of heat collector at this time；
D), the annual effectively heat-collecting capacity of the heat collector calculated is compared with setting value, if annual effectively heat-collecting capacity more than than
Then it is the best installation position angle of the solar energy heating system heat collector and inclination angle compared with value, if annual effectively heat-collecting capacity is less than
Fiducial value, then return to step A) change installation position angle and/or the mounted angle of heat collector.
3. the solar energy heating system heat collector installation optimization method according to claim 2 based on effective heat-collecting capacity,
It is characterized in that：When heat collector is annual effectively heat-collecting capacity is less than fiducial value when, return to step A) after change the installation of heat collector first
Inclination angle after the corresponding active set heat maxima of corresponding mounted angle is obtained, then changes the installation position angle of heat collector, until
The annual effectively mounted angle of heat-collecting capacity accumulation amount maximum of heat collector is with azimuth as best mounted angle and azimuth.
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