CN105259511A - Charge state estimation method based on running state reduction of storage battery - Google Patents
Charge state estimation method based on running state reduction of storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105259511A CN105259511A CN201510729501.8A CN201510729501A CN105259511A CN 105259511 A CN105259511 A CN 105259511A CN 201510729501 A CN201510729501 A CN 201510729501A CN 105259511 A CN105259511 A CN 105259511A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a charge state estimation method based on running state reduction of a storage battery, belongs to the technical field of batteries, and aims at providing the method which can accurately estimate the charge state of the battery via external features as the temperature, charging/discharging current and aging factors of the storage battery. The method comprises the steps of correcting temperature influence of the storage battery, correcting charging/discharging current of the storage battery, considering aging factors of the storage battery and SOC estimation of running state reduction based on the ampere-hour method. The method is scientific and reasonable, reasonable reduction is carried out by utilizing the external features as well as running state of the storage battery, the standard running state is reduced to, and the charge state of the storage battery is accurately estimated in the ampere-hour method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cell art.
Background technology
Accumulator is used in the various aspects of productive life as modal energy storage link: in the exploitation of clean energy resource, and battery energy storage technology can be used for stabilizing fluctuating power, can as primary power for automobile provides power in electric automobile, secondary device reliability service in transformer station etc. is made as standby power supply in transformer station direct current system, in actual applications, the residual capacity that moment grasps accumulator is necessary, the residual capacity of accumulator represents with SOC, SOC and battery charge state, United States advanced battery federation (USABC) is defined as follows in " batteries of electric automobile laboratory manual ": under certain discharge-rate condition, the ratio of rated capacity under the dump energy of battery and the same terms, and SOC can not be directly measured at present, voltage can only be passed through, electric current, temperature, the parameter estimations such as internal resistance obtain.Conventional SOC estimation method has following several: 1. linear model method: based on the method for estimation of empirical equation and equivalent electrical circuit or mathematical model, the starting condition of these methods to measuring error and mistake has good robustness, but this steady-state model but can not the dynamic perfromance of right-on adaptation battery; 2. neural net method: estimation neural network being used for SOC, but need a large amount of training datas and suitable training method; 3. open-circuit voltage method: open-circuit voltage can reflect the SOC of accumulator more accurately, and simple, but accumulator needs unloaded leaving standstill for a long time just can obtain, and is therefore difficult to application in practice; 4. internal resistance method: the method electric discharge later stage has degree of precision and better adaptability, but battery cell internal resistance detection is difficult, and electric discharge initial stage internal resistance change is little, therefore measures difficulty large; 5. Kalman filtering method: very high to the accuracy requirement of model, calculated amount is large and algorithm is comparatively complicated; 6. impedance spectrum method: the strength of current of charge and discharge and accumulator circulation charge and discharge history have a certain impact to its result to be needed to revise, and is not suitable for practical application.Therefore seeking a kind of method estimated storage battery charge state that can accurately facilitate is that those skilled in the art want to solve always, but so far, still unsolved technical barrier.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the charge state estimation method based on the reduction of accumulator running status of by surface (battery temp, accumulator cell charging and discharging electric current and accumulator aging action), the state-of-charge of battery being carried out to comparatively accurately estimation.
Step of the present invention is:
1. the correction of battery temp impact: following correction is proposed to the active volume under different temperatures:
（3）
In formula,
for the discharge time after correction;
for the actual discharge time;
for actual discharge temperature;
for standard temperature
; K is temperature coefficient;
According to above formula, temperature correction coefficient following formula is represented:
（4）
temperature correction coefficient,
battery operating temperature;
2. the correction of accumulator cell charging and discharging electric current: accumulator cell charging and discharging electric current carrys out reduction with the deviation Peukert equation under mark condition:
（5）
Now, correction factor
(6);
C in formula
hfor the capacity of releasing when discharging with electric current I H under rated temperature; C
nfor rated capacity; I
nfor rated current; I
hfor discharge current; P is and the accumulator structure constant that particularly electrode thickness is relevant;
3. the consideration of accumulator aging action: represent with following formula:
（7）
C in formula
jby standard state lower the whole electricity that can release;
" rated capacity " when considering current accumulator aging action is obtained by above formula:
（8）
4. based on the SOC estimation method of the naturalization duty of ampere-hour method:
According to the method for naturalization of battery-operated state set forth above, be applied in the accumulator SOC estimation method based on ampere-hour method, formula (4), (6), (8) substituted into (1) and can obtain:
（9）
The t time-sampling cycle, i charging and discharging currents.
The present invention is scientific and reasonable, the reduction that can utilize the external characteristic of accumulator and rationalize the carrying out of its running status, and reduction, to standard running status, is pacified the state-of-charge of method to accumulator and estimated more accurately when adopting on this basis again.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the inventive method, traditional ampere-hour method and SOC actual value comparison diagram.
Embodiment
Accumulator is regarded as an entirety by the present invention, adopts ampere-hour method, by studying the charge state estimation method based on the reduction of accumulator running status that its surface carries out the state-of-charge of battery comparatively accurately estimating.
Step of the present invention is:
1. the correction of battery temp impact: following correction is proposed to the active volume under different temperatures:
（3）
In formula,
for the discharge time after correction;
for the actual discharge time;
for actual discharge temperature;
for standard temperature
; K is temperature coefficient;
According to above formula, temperature correction coefficient following formula is represented:
（4）
temperature correction coefficient,
battery operating temperature;
2. the correction of accumulator cell charging and discharging electric current: accumulator cell charging and discharging electric current carrys out reduction with the deviation Peukert equation under mark condition:
（5）
Now, correction factor
(6);
C in formula
hfor the capacity of releasing when discharging with electric current I H under rated temperature; C
nfor rated capacity; I
nfor rated current; I
hfor discharge current; P is and the accumulator structure constant that particularly electrode thickness is relevant;
3. the consideration of accumulator aging action: represent with following formula:
（7）
C in formula
jby standard state lower the whole electricity that can release;
" rated capacity " when considering current accumulator aging action is obtained by above formula:
（8）
4. based on the SOC estimation method of the naturalization duty of ampere-hour method:
According to the method for naturalization of battery-operated state set forth above, be applied in the accumulator SOC estimation method based on ampere-hour method, formula (4), (6), (8) substituted into (1) and can obtain:
（9）
The t time-sampling cycle, i charging and discharging currents.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
1) ampere-hour method:
If accumulator initial state is SOC
0, so the SOC estimation equation of ampere-hour method is: the correction of 1. battery temp impact: propose following correction to the active volume under different temperatures:
（1）
C in formula
nfor battery rating; I is charging and discharging currents;
for efficiency for charge-discharge, be that battery is filled with electricity and releases the ratio of electricity; T is discharge and recharge closing time.
The SOC estimation equation of discretize is:
（2）
Through type (2) can be found out, ampere-hour method estimation precision and initial value SOC
0, the measuring accuracy of charging and discharging currents, sample frequency, rated capacity and efficiency for charge-discharge relevant.SOC
0directly affect SOC estimation precision, thus provide one accurately SOC initial value be very important; And under certain sample frequency, the measuring accuracy of charging and discharging currents can ensure; And rated capacity and efficiency for charge-discharge are by the impact of charging and discharging currents, temperature and the factor such as aging.When battery-operated in normal conditions time, efficiency for charge-discharge is 1, but in actual applications, due to different to the requirement of accumulator, accumulator often can not work in normal conditions, and this just brings difficulty to SOC estimation, if now more traditionally, can produce larger error.Therefore, carry out reduction tool to the running status of accumulator to have very important significance.And in actual applications, under its duty and standard state, condition is mainly different in temperature, charging and discharging currents and aging action three.Therefore the present invention mainly launches from these three aspects the reduction work of service condition.
2) correction of 1. battery temp impact:
Under normal circumstances, time between 15 DEG C-25 DEG C, battery-operated is in optimum condition.When electrolyte temperature is higher than 25 degree, its rate of propagation is accelerated, and resistance reduces and electromotive force increases, and therefore its active volume increases with the increase of temperature within the specific limits.And when temperature is too high, accumulator active volume will decline until lost efficacy.Such as valve-regulated lead-acid battery, according to chemical thermodynamic principle, when environment temperature is too high, the battery discharge degree of depth is larger, and density of electrolyte is higher, and grid corrosion Shaoxing opera is strong, and the storage time is longer, and corrosion layer is thicker.Produce grid distortion to stretch along with grid corrosion, its result makes grid tensile strength diminish.Active substance comes off, and when corrosion product becomes very thick or grid becomes quite thin, grid resistance increases, and battery capacity is declined, until battery malfunction.
When by temperature transition being temperature under mark condition, can with the discharge and recharge time for yardstick be weighed it.Following correction is proposed to the active volume under different temperatures:
（3）
In formula,
for the discharge time after correction;
for the actual discharge time;
for actual discharge temperature;
for standard temperature
; K is temperature coefficient;
Temperature coefficient is relevant with discharge-rate, is generally 0.004 ~ 0.011, and when discharge-rate is greater than 10, k gets 0.06, and when discharge-rate is between 1 to 10, k gets 0.08, and when discharge-rate is less than 1, k gets 0.01.
According to above formula, temperature correction coefficient following formula is represented:
（4）
temperature correction coefficient,
battery operating temperature.
2. the correction of accumulator cell charging and discharging electric current:
The impact of accumulator cell charging and discharging electric current on active volume is fairly obvious.When other conditions are all identical, what discharge current was little can release more electricity.Reason is that the electrochemical reaction of carrying out at inside battery has product generation, when carrying out heavy-current discharge, reaction rate accelerates, product increases, then product can owing to too much cannot spread to battery inwall by the mode of free diffusing, now product will be gathered near pole plate, thus hinder normally carrying out of the transmission of inner ion and chemical reaction to a certain extent, and accumulator active volume will reduce.Therefore, during low discharging current, because product can free diffusing, chemical reaction can carry out smoothly, then active volume will increase.
Accumulator cell charging and discharging electric current and the general cut of deviation Peukert(under mark condition) equation carrys out reduction:
（5）
Now, correction factor
(6);
C in formula
hfor the capacity of releasing when discharging with electric current I H under rated temperature; C
nfor rated capacity; I
nfor rated current; I
hfor discharge current; P is and the accumulator structure constant that particularly electrode thickness is relevant, can by the general cut of multiple Peukert() equation calculates, also can optimize in conjunction with the discharge curve of accumulator.
3. the consideration of accumulator aging action:
In accumulator practical application, because be subject to cannot the impact of reactivating factor, accumulator is always aging gradually along with the increase of discharge and recharge number of times, causes the reduction that active volume cannot reverse.SOH(cell health state) then for herein is provided a quantificational description, in order to characterize accumulator degree of aging, being numerically equal to the ratio that present battery is full of the electricity that can release of electricity and rated capacity in normal conditions, representing with following formula:
（7）
C in formula
jby standard state lower the whole electricity that can release;
And due to the existence of aging action, C
jwith C
nand unequal, therefore " rated capacity " when considering current accumulator aging action can be obtained by above formula:
（8）
4. based on the SOC estimation method of the naturalization duty of ampere-hour method:
According to the method for naturalization of battery-operated state set forth above, be applied in the accumulator SOC estimation method based on ampere-hour method, formula (4), (6), (8) substituted into (1) and can obtain:
（9）
The t time-sampling cycle, i charging and discharging currents (working current).
Checking:
Single step of releasing electric test is carried out to lithium battery, adopts the method to carry out SOC estimation to lithium battery cell, because traditional ampere-hour method requires initial value relatively stricter, so adopt open-circuit voltage method to provide initial value.Method proposed by the invention and traditional ampere-hour method is adopted to estimate SOC respectively.
The present embodiment is by carrying out single step of releasing electric test to lithium battery, and adopt institute's extracting method of the present invention and traditional Shi Anfa to carry out state-of-charge estimation to lithium battery cell respectively, its experimental result as shown in Figure 1.
In Fig. 1, solid line is SOC actual value, and dot-and-dash line is the SOC estimated value after state reduction, and dotted line is the SOC value obtained after using traditional ampere-hour method to calculate.As can be seen from the figure very close between the SOC estimated value obtained by evaluation method in literary composition and actual value, show that this duty Reduction has good computational estimation competence.
Claims (1)
1. based on a charge state estimation method for accumulator running status reduction, it is characterized in that: the steps include:
1. the correction of battery temp impact: following correction is proposed to the active volume under different temperatures:
（3）
In formula,
for the discharge time after correction;
for the actual discharge time;
for actual discharge temperature;
for standard temperature
; K is temperature coefficient;
According to above formula, temperature correction coefficient following formula is represented:
（4）
temperature correction coefficient,
battery operating temperature;
2. the correction of accumulator cell charging and discharging electric current: accumulator cell charging and discharging electric current carrys out reduction with the deviation Peukert equation under mark condition:
（5）
Now, correction factor
(6);
C in formula
hfor the capacity of releasing when discharging with electric current I H under rated temperature; C
nfor rated capacity; I
nfor rated current; I
hfor discharge current; P is and the accumulator structure constant that particularly electrode thickness is relevant;
3. the consideration of accumulator aging action: represent with following formula:
（7）
C in formula
jby standard state lower the whole electricity that can release;
" rated capacity " when considering current accumulator aging action is obtained by above formula:
（8）
4. based on the SOC estimation method of the naturalization duty of ampere-hour method:
According to the method for naturalization of battery-operated state set forth above, be applied in the accumulator SOC estimation method based on ampere-hour method, formula (4), (6), (8) substituted into (1) and can obtain:
（9）
The t time-sampling cycle, i charging and discharging currents.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN105759213A (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2016-07-13 | 浙江安美科技有限公司 | Method for measuring storage battery residual capacity SOC |
| CN105842627A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-08-10 | 北京理工大学 | Method for estimating power battery capacity and charge state based on data model fusion |
| CN108872861A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-11-23 | 温州大学 | A kind of method of online evaluation cell health state |
| CN109633451A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-16 | 东莞钜威动力技术有限公司 | Energy-storage system is from trajectory parameters scaling method and SOC estimation method |
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| CN105842627A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-08-10 | 北京理工大学 | Method for estimating power battery capacity and charge state based on data model fusion |
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| CN109633451B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2021-05-28 | 东莞钜威动力技术有限公司 | Energy storage system self-track parameter calibration method and SOC estimation method |
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Application publication date: 20160120 |