CN105259064A - Sliding abrasion testing device and calculation method with sample surface crystalline grains having preferred orientation - Google Patents
Sliding abrasion testing device and calculation method with sample surface crystalline grains having preferred orientation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105259064A CN105259064A CN201510664809.9A CN201510664809A CN105259064A CN 105259064 A CN105259064 A CN 105259064A CN 201510664809 A CN201510664809 A CN 201510664809A CN 105259064 A CN105259064 A CN 105259064A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sliding abrasion testing device with sample surface crystalline grains having preferred orientation. The sliding abrasion testing device comprises a rotating disc, a standard pin sample, a test pin sample and a motor. The standard pin sample is connected with a standard product hydraulic cylinder. The test pin sample is connected with the test product hydraulic cylinder. The motor is used for driving the rotating disc to rotate. The load bearing area of a piston in the test product hydraulic cylinder and the load bearing area of a piston in the standard product hydraulic cylinder are equal, and the test product hydraulic cylinder and the standard product hydraulic cylinder are communicated and driven by one oil pump. The invention further discloses a sliding abrasion testing calculation method with the sample surface crystalline grains having the preferred orientation. The sliding abrasion testing device and the calculation method have the advantages that a test product is convenient to assemble and disassemble, test operation is flexible and controllable, and a single test or a synchronous comparative test can be selectively carried out; meanwhile, interference of external factors in the test result calculation process is excluded, and the flow of cooling liquid can be flexibly adjusted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of machining, be specifically related to sliding wear testing device and computing method that a kind of specimen surface crystal grain has preferred orientation.
Background technology
The most frequently used abrasive manner of friction wear testing machine is disc type, namely upper sample pin is pressed in bottom and carries out friction-wear test on mill, such as MPX-2000 type friction wear testing machine, under disc type abrasive manner, pin sample bias is arranged on the rotation axis of top, lower rotating disc is driven to make uniform circular motion at motor, normal pressure between pin sample and antithesis dish relies on the counterweight of calibration mass to press down or upper top realizes, a large amount of heats can be produced cannot dispel the heat in such process of the test, thus the accuracy of test data can be affected, in the utility model patent of application number 201220434895.6, although a kind of cooled jig of disc type friction wear testing machine has been invented in design, by the mode of liquid coolant, test rotating disc is dispelled the heat, but it can not regulate the coolant rate of its inside according to rotating disc test temperature, simultaneously, the program is lowered the temperature at rotating disc sidewall by jig, optimal effectiveness can not be reached.
In prior art, for the load of friction wear testing machine many employings weight type of disc type, single test is carried out to trial target, good comparison effect can not be had for what produce in test process, thus the external interference factor in process of the test can not be got rid of.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has designed and developed the sliding wear testing device that a kind of specimen surface crystal grain has preferred orientation, one of its object solves in prior art to test and can only singlely carry out, synchronously trial target and standard items can not to be compared test, to get rid of the problem of external interference factor.
Two of the object of apparatus of the present invention solves in prior art, and in the process that friction test is carried out, rotating disc heat spreader is not in time, and uncontrollable problem in radiation processes.
Present invention also offers the sliding wear testing computing method that a kind of specimen surface crystal grain has preferred orientation, its objective is and solve because external environmental interference in test process makes the inaccurate problem of measuring and calculation result.
The present invention has trial target easy installation and removal, and test operation is controlled flexibly, optionally carries out single test or Comparative trail, and simultaneously test findings computation process gets rid of extraneous factor interference, and coolant flow amount can the feature such as flexible.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is:
Specimen surface crystal grain has a sliding wear testing device for preferred orientation, comprising:
Rotating disc;
Standard items pin sample, it is connected with standard items hydraulic cylinder; Described standard items hydraulic cylinder optionally can drive rotary disk surface described in described standard items pin sample contacts; And
Trial target pin sample, it is connected with trial target hydraulic cylinder; Described trial target hydraulic cylinder optionally can drive rotary disk surface described in described trial target pin sample contacts;
Motor, rotates for driving described rotating disc;
Wherein, described trial target hydraulic cylinder is equal with described standard items piston in hydraulic cylinder bearing area, and described trial target hydraulic cylinder is communicated with described standard items hydraulic cylinder, and is driven by same oil pump.
Preferably, cooling splint, it has groove, and described rotating disc is arranged in groove; The wooden partition of described cooling splint is cavity structure, inner filling liquid coolant; And
Temperature sensor, it is arranged on described rotating disc center, can monitor rotating disc temperature;
The wooden partition of described cooling splint also comprises inlet and liquid outlet, flow valve is installed at described inlet place, described flow valve and described temperature sensor are also connected with flow controller respectively, and described flow controller regulates described flow valve controlled cooling model flow quantity by the described rotating disc temperature of monitoring.
Preferably, also comprise: oil pressure control, it is connected with oil pressure detecting device and oil pump respectively, and described oil pressure control controls described oil pump and regulates oil inlet quantity, and then controls described test unit test load.
Preferably, described trial target is column crystal copper, and it is prepared by hot rolling continuous cast method, and diameter is 5mm ~ 10mm.
Preferably, the axial vane surface of described column crystal copper and sagittal plane are as the friction surface tested, and its grain orientation is parallel and perpendicular to contact interface accordingly.
Preferably, described standard items hydraulic cylinder oil supply hole place is also provided with stop valve.
Specimen surface crystal grain has sliding wear testing computing method for preferred orientation, comprises the steps:
Step one: by trial target and standard items by metal adhesive respectively with copper coin post bonding composition trial target pin sample and standard items pin sample, weigh described trial target pin sample mass and described standard items pin sample mass respectively;
Step 2: by described trial target pin sample and described standard items pin sample in mating connection with piston respectively;
Step 3: open oil pump, hydraulic control cylinder pressure, makes rotating disc rotate after pressure is steady; Liquid coolant is driven to cool rotating disc;
Step 4: weigh described trial target pin sample and described standard items pin sample mass, calculate rate of wear respectively, obtains the absolute rate of wear A of described trial target pin sample respectively
1and the absolute rate of wear A of described standard items pin sample
2, then by the absolute rate of wear A of described standard items pin sample
2and empirical calibration formula
Calculate described trial target pin sample relative wear rate A '; Wherein, S is pin sample and rotating disc relative sliding distance, and F is load, and f is trial target friction factor, and n is motor rotations, T
0for rotating disc medial temperature, t is the test duration.
Preferably, in described step one, ultrasonic process in ethanol solution before described trial target pin sample and described standard items pin sample weigh, weighs after drying again.
Preferably, in described step 4, formula is passed through
calculate the absolute rate of wear A of described trial target pin sample
1and the absolute rate of wear A of described standard items pin sample
2, wherein, Δ W is quality difference before and after pin specimen test, and ρ is the density of trial target, and S is pin sample and rotating disc relative sliding distance, and F is load.
Preferably, coolant rate is according to formula Q=0.1312e
0.001Tregulate; Wherein, e is the truth of a matter of natural logarithm, and T is rotating disc temperature.
The beneficial effect that the present invention is had compared with prior art:
1, the present invention can test trial target separately, or trial target and standard items are carried out synchronism detection simultaneously, according to pin sample relative sliding distance, pin sample imposed load, trial target friction factor, engine revolution, rotating disc medial temperature and the rate of wear of test duration to trial target are corrected, the relative wear rate of relative standard's product can be obtained and then remove disturbing factor to the impact of test result; Meanwhile, have more dirigibility when selection standard product, contrast test can be carried out according to demand;
2, the present invention by comparing with the standard items determined, can also formulate suitable relative wear rate scope, filtering out trial target up to specification;
3, by the setting of cooling back installation, by the coolant rate in controlled cooling model device, rotating disc can be dispelled the heat in process of the test in time, its test temperature is stablized, improve the accuracy of test;
4, due under the effect of contact stress and shear stress, metal and alloy thereof are when dry sliding wear, there is plastic yield in various degree in surface in contact, this strong plastic yield simultaneously can make friction surface form the structure of certain orientation, this surface orientation structure can have a huge impact the friction and wear behavior of material, researchist is generally that research object is to determine grain orientation with monocrystal material, material requirements is high, crystal face, indices of crystal direction determines complexity, be not easy to operation, so the present invention have chosen the axial vane surface of column crystal copper and sagittal plane as frictional contact surface to study the impact of grain orientation on copper frictional layer and friction and wear behavior, simultaneously, when choosing the material of unknown different crystal face and indices of crystal direction, simultaneous test can be carried out when getting rid of other disturbing factors with the material of the known crystal face determined and indices of crystal direction to compare, by the calculating of relative wear rate, can obtain having more reliability and analyticity data.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is disc type testing machine fundamental diagram.
Fig. 3 is the preparation of the pin sample of crystal grain horizontal alignment.
Fig. 4 is the preparation of the vertical orientated pin sample of crystal grain.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to instructions word to make those skilled in the art.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides the sliding wear testing device that a kind of specimen surface crystal grain has preferred orientation, comprising: rotating disc 130, trial target pin sample 125 and standard items pin sample 126, rotating disc 130 is 45 of annealed state
#steel, simultaneously, due to trial target 201 and standard items 202 limited length, what be not easy on pin fixture is fixing, obtains trial target pin sample 125 and standard items pin sample 126 after therefore needing trial target 201 and standard items 202 1 end face sand paper to polish with fine copper cylinder by metal adhesive is bonding, motor 110, it can drive hollow main shaft 140 by Timing Belt 111, thus driven rotary dish 130 rotates, this motor 110 is adopted to be driven the mode of hollow main shaft 140 by Timing Belt 111, load impacting can be relaxed and operate steadily, noiseless, and Timing Belt 111 transmission is nonelastic slip and skidding, efficiency is high and can keep ratio of gear accurately, hollow main shaft 140 namely can be kept to rotate with a certain velocity-stabilization, thus ensure that the heat affecting between hollow main shaft 140 and motor 110 is very little, simultaneously, hollow main shaft 140 adopts thrust ball 141 bearing to be fixed, by this kind of fixed form, better can bear the axial force when hollow main shaft 140 rotates, hydraulic cylinder is divided into trial target hydraulic cylinder 121 and standard items hydraulic cylinder 122, designing requirement trial target hydraulic cylinder piston 123 and standard items hydraulic cylinder piston 124 bearing area equal, and then the power making it be subject to is equal, and trial target hydraulic cylinder 121 and standard items hydraulic cylinder 122 are communicated with, test is driven by same oil pump 152, thus ensure that the consistance of pipeline road, carrying out in the process tested, making trial target pin sample 125 and standard items pin sample 126 bear equal load, trial target hydraulic cylinder piston 123 and standard items hydraulic cylinder piston 124 lower end are fixedly connected with trial target pin sample 125 and standard items pin sample 126 respectively by pin fixture, trial target hydraulic cylinder 121 can optionally drive trial target pin sample 125 to contact rotating disc 130 surface, standard items hydraulic cylinder 122 can optionally drive standard items pin sample 126 to contact rotating disc 130 surface, the oil supply hole of trial target hydraulic cylinder 121 and standard items hydraulic cylinder 122 is connected with oil pump 152 respectively by same oil pressure detecting device 151, oil pressure detecting device 151 and oil pump 152 are also connected with oil pressure control 161 respectively, oil pressure control 161 regulates oil inlet quantity by oil pressure detecting device 151 control oil pump 152, and then the test load of trial target pin sample 125 and standard items pin sample 126 in Control experiment device, at standard items hydraulic cylinder 122 oil supply hole, place is also provided with stop valve 180, by the setting of stop valve 180, apparatus of the present invention are not limited to and carry out contrast test test simultaneously, also can carry out the experimental test of single trial target, make this device have dirigibility very much on test is selected, in this device, also comprise temperature sensor 170, it is arranged on rotating disc 130 center, can rotating disc 130 temperature in monitoring test process, and can obtain the medial temperature of rotating disc in process of the test,
In another kind of embodiment, also comprise: cooling splint 131, it has groove, and the wooden partition of cooling splint 131 is cavity structure, its inner filling liquid coolant, and rotating disc 130 is arranged in the groove of cooling splint 131, around can lock with rotating disc 130; Cooling splint 131 also comprises inlet 132 and liquid outlet 133, at inlet 132 place, flow valve 153 is installed, flow valve 153 and temperature sensor 170 are connected with flow controller 162 respectively, flow controller 162 monitors the temperature of rotating disc 130 by temperature sensor 170, and then by circulating cooling flow quantity that adjust flux valve 153 controls in the cavity structure of cooling splint 131; In the present embodiment, the material of cooling splint 131 is the excellent copper material of heat-conductive characteristic; And, this mode is a kind of explanation of preferred embodiments, but be not limited thereto, when implementing of the present invention, cooling splint 131 can be designed to T-shape structure, its wooden partition is cavity structure, its inner filling liquid coolant, T-shape structure is divided into horizontal part and vertical portion, and horizontal part has groove, and rotating disc 130 is arranged in the groove of cooling splint 131, around can lock with rotating disc 130, can match and be inserted into hollow main shaft 140 inside in vertical portion, thus extend coolant flow paths, makes rotating disc 130 cooling heat dissipation better effects if.
In another kind of embodiment, trial target 201 is column crystal copper, it is prepared by hot rolling continuous cast method, diameter is 5mm ~ 10mm, as Fig. 3, shown in Fig. 4, we choose the axial vane surface of copper rod and the sagittal plane friction surface to be tested as test, its grain orientation is parallel and perpendicular to contact interface accordingly, two kinds of grain orientations are correspondingly called horizontal alignment and vertical orientated, first the straight pin of Φ 5 × 3mm is obtained by the original column crystal copper rod of Wire EDM, because its length dimension is limited, be not easy to fixing on pin fixture, therefore, after the straight pin end sand paper tentatively cut polishes, metal adhesive adhesion end face sand paper is utilized to polish fine copper cylinder, to prepare the pin sample with suitable dimension, in the present embodiment, preparation size is the pin sample of Φ 5 × 15mm, and trial target pin sample 125 and standard items pin sample 126 size are Φ 5 × 15mm.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, present invention also offers the sliding wear testing computing method that a kind of specimen surface crystal grain has preferred orientation, the test unit that the application of the invention provides, comprises the steps:
Step one: by trial target 201 and standard items 202 by metal adhesive respectively with copper coin post bonding composition trial target pin sample 125 and standard items pin sample 126, weigh trial target pin sample 125 quality and standard items pin sample 126 quality respectively;
Step 2: trial target pin sample 125 and standard items pin sample 126 are fixedly connected with by pin fixture with the lower end of trial target hydraulic cylinder piston 123 and standard items hydraulic cylinder piston 124 respectively;
Step 3: open oil pump 152, Control experiment product hydraulic cylinder 121 and standard items hydraulic cylinder 122 pressure, opens motor 110 and rotating disc is rotated after pressure is steady, drives liquid coolant to cool rotating disc simultaneously, regulates motor 110 rotating speed to test;
Step 4: after having tested, weighs trial target pin sample 125 and standard items pin sample 126 quality, calculates rate of wear respectively; First, the absolute rate of wear A of trial target pin sample 125 is obtained respectively
1and the absolute rate of wear A of standard items pin sample 126
2, then, by the absolute rate of wear A of standard items pin sample 126
2and empirical calibration formula
Calculate trial target pin sample 125 relative wear rate A '; Wherein, S is pin sample and rotating disc relative sliding distance, and unit is mm, F is load, and unit is N, f is trial target friction factor, and n is motor rotations, and unit is r/min, T
0for rotating disc medial temperature, unit is DEG C, and t is the test duration, and unit is s; In the present embodiment, 0 < S < 1334,1 < F < 15.
In another kind of embodiment, in step 4, standard items 202 may be selected to be high-strength abrasion-proof material, correction calculation is carried out to the rate of wear of trial target 201, simultaneously, also can select as such as Fig. 3, two kinds of grain orientations in shown in Fig. 4 are respectively horizontal alignment and vertical orientated copper rod as standard items, the absolute rate of wear of the copper rod of any unknown crystal face of synchronism detection and indices of crystal direction, carry out empirical calibration by the absolute rate of wear of the copper rod with known crystal face and indices of crystal direction again and obtain relative wear rate, for the relative wear rate of the copper rod of different crystal faces and indices of crystal direction carries out data analysis, simultaneously, in the present embodiment, a relative wear rate span A can be provided ", A " satisfy condition A '-a < A " < A '+a, using the copper rod of known crystal face and indices of crystal direction as standard items 202, whether the relative wear rate calculating the trial target 201 of unknown crystal face and indices of crystal direction meets span A ", whether preset standard is met with detection experiment product, or carry out the trial target 201 of optimum selecting relative wear rate in this interval by this scope, preferred as one, in the present embodiment, a=5.6 × 10
-9.
In another kind of embodiment, in step one, ultrasonic process 10 minutes in ethanol solution before trial target pin sample 125 and standard items pin sample 126 weigh, to remove surface and oil contaminant and other adsorbing contaminant, stand-by after dry; Meanwhile, in step one and step 3, quality before and after the electronic balance weighing trial target pin sample 125 utilizing degree of accuracy to be 0.1mg and the wearing and tearing of standard items pin sample 126, calculates the rate of wear of pin sample.
In another kind of embodiment, in step 4, pass through formula
calculate the absolute rate of wear A of trial target pin sample
1and the absolute rate of wear A of standard items pin sample
2, unit is cm
3/ Nm, wherein, Δ W is quality difference before and after pin specimen test, and the density of unit to be g, ρ be trial target, unit is g/cm
3, S is pin sample and rotating disc relative sliding distance, and unit is mm, F is load, and unit is N.
In another kind of embodiment, after turn-on flow rate controller 162, the coolant rate in the cavity structure of cooling splint 131 is according to formula Q=0.1312e
0.001Tregulate; Wherein, e is the truth of a matter of natural logarithm, and T is the rotating disc temperature in process of the test, and unit is DEG C, and the unit of flow Q is mL/s.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in instructions and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the legend described.
Claims (10)
1. specimen surface crystal grain has a sliding wear testing device for preferred orientation, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Rotating disc;
Standard items pin sample, it is connected with standard items hydraulic cylinder; Described standard items hydraulic cylinder optionally can drive rotary disk surface described in described standard items pin sample contacts; And
Trial target pin sample, it is connected with trial target hydraulic cylinder; Described trial target hydraulic cylinder optionally can drive rotary disk surface described in described trial target pin sample contacts;
Motor, rotates for driving described rotating disc;
Wherein, described trial target hydraulic cylinder is equal with described standard items piston in hydraulic cylinder bearing area, and described trial target hydraulic cylinder is communicated with described standard items hydraulic cylinder, and is driven by same oil pump.
2. specimen surface crystal grain as claimed in claim 1 has the sliding wear testing device of preferred orientation, and it is characterized in that, cooling splint, it has groove, and described rotating disc is arranged in groove; The wooden partition of described cooling splint is cavity structure, inner filling liquid coolant; And
Temperature sensor, it is arranged on described rotating disc center, can monitor rotating disc temperature;
The wooden partition of described cooling splint also comprises inlet and liquid outlet, flow valve is installed at described inlet place, described flow valve and described temperature sensor are also connected with flow controller respectively, and described flow controller regulates described flow valve controlled cooling model flow quantity by the described rotating disc temperature of monitoring.
3. specimen surface crystal grain as claimed in claim 2 has the sliding wear testing device of preferred orientation, it is characterized in that, also comprise: oil pressure control, it is connected with oil pressure detecting device and oil pump respectively, described oil pressure control controls described oil pump and regulates oil inlet quantity, and then controls described test unit test load.
4. specimen surface crystal grain has the sliding wear testing device of preferred orientation as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, and it is characterized in that, described trial target is column crystal copper, and it is prepared by hot rolling continuous cast method, and diameter is 5mm ~ 10mm.
5. specimen surface crystal grain as claimed in claim 4 has the sliding wear testing device of preferred orientation, it is characterized in that, the axial vane surface of described column crystal copper and sagittal plane are as the friction surface tested, and its grain orientation is parallel and perpendicular to contact interface accordingly.
6. specimen surface crystal grain as claimed in claim 5 has the sliding wear testing device of preferred orientation, and it is characterized in that, described standard items hydraulic cylinder oil supply hole place is also provided with stop valve.
7. specimen surface crystal grain has sliding wear testing computing method for preferred orientation, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step one: by trial target and standard items by metal adhesive respectively with copper coin post bonding composition trial target pin sample and standard items pin sample, weigh described trial target pin sample mass and described standard items pin sample mass respectively;
Step 2: by described trial target pin sample and described standard items pin sample in mating connection with piston respectively;
Step 3: open oil pump, hydraulic control cylinder pressure, makes rotating disc rotate after pressure is steady; Liquid coolant is driven to cool rotating disc;
Step 4: weigh described trial target pin sample and described standard items pin sample mass, calculate rate of wear respectively, obtains the absolute rate of wear A of described trial target pin sample respectively
1and the absolute rate of wear A of described standard items pin sample
2, then by the absolute rate of wear A of described standard items pin sample
2and empirical calibration formula
Calculate described trial target pin sample relative wear rate A '; Wherein, S is pin sample and rotating disc relative sliding distance, and F is load, and f is trial target friction factor, and n is motor rotations, T
0for rotating disc medial temperature, t is the test duration.
8. specimen surface crystal grain as claimed in claim 7 has the sliding wear testing computing method of preferred orientation, it is characterized in that, in described step one, ultrasonic process in ethanol solution before described trial target pin sample and described standard items pin sample weigh, weighs after drying again.
9. specimen surface crystal grain as claimed in claim 8 has the sliding wear testing computing method of preferred orientation, it is characterized in that, in described step 4, passes through formula
calculate the absolute rate of wear A of described trial target pin sample
1and the absolute rate of wear A of described standard items pin sample
2, wherein, Δ W is quality difference before and after pin specimen test, and ρ is the density of trial target, and S is pin sample and rotating disc relative sliding distance, and F is load.
10. specimen surface crystal grain as claimed in claim 7 has the sliding wear testing computing method of preferred orientation, and it is characterized in that, coolant rate is according to formula Q=0.1312e
0.001Tregulate; Wherein, e is the truth of a matter of natural logarithm, and T is rotating disc temperature.
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| CN201510664809.9A CN105259064B (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2015-10-13 | A kind of specimen surface crystal grain has the sliding wear testing device and computational methods of preferred orientation |
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| CN108088867A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-29 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of test device and method of surface micro-structure shape-memory properties |
| CN109062296A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-12-21 | 华夏易通国际物流有限公司 | A kind of grain storage method based on temperature and humidity monitor |
| CN110160865A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-23 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of temperature control cooling pin fixture for pin disk-type friction abrasion tester |
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| CN109062296B (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-12-11 | 辽宁工业大学 | Grain storage method based on temperature and humidity monitoring |
| CN110160865A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-23 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of temperature control cooling pin fixture for pin disk-type friction abrasion tester |
| CN110160865B (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2021-11-16 | 大连理工大学 | Temperature control cooling pin clamp for pin disc type friction wear testing machine |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105259064B (en) | 2017-12-01 |
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