CN105258507A - Device and method for controlling flowing of high-temperature materials - Google Patents
Device and method for controlling flowing of high-temperature materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN105258507A CN105258507A CN201510662048.3A CN201510662048A CN105258507A CN 105258507 A CN105258507 A CN 105258507A CN 201510662048 A CN201510662048 A CN 201510662048A CN 105258507 A CN105258507 A CN 105258507A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and method for controlling flowing of high-temperature materials. The control device comprises an airtight chamber, a smelting furnace, a sealing cover, an airtight chamber gas pressure control unit, a smelting furnace gas pressure control unit, a gas temperature control unit and two gas loops. According to the principle of the control method, the first gas loop is located in the airtight chamber, acts on the bottoms of the materials and provides upward acting force; the second gas loop is located in the smelting furnace, acts on the upper portions of the materials and provides downward acting force. The materials are subjected to the actions of the gas pressure difference, the gravity and the like, so that the magnitude and the direction of resultant force on the materials are changed, lifting of the materials in the smelting process and flowing of the materials in the jetting process can be completed, and non-contact control over starting, stopping, the flow rate, the flow speed and the like is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-temperature material flow control apparatus and method.
Background technology
High-temperature material is shaped and is divided into metal liquid to be shaped and nonmetal liquid forming.The liquid forming of metal is also called casting, its principle: solid material is heated to liquid state, it is made to meet certain chemical composition requirement, and there is certain fluid ability, then be poured in casting mold, obtain after cooling, crystallization and freezing under the effect of gravitational field or external force field and there is the foundry goods of definite shape and performance requirement or a kind of hot-working method of ingot casting.Nonmetal liquid forming, as: ceramic injection forming, ceramic powder and thermoplastic resin, paraffin, plasticizer, solvent etc. are heated to enter in injection (mo(u)lding) machine after mixing after heating and melting, obtain plasticity, under pressure from nozzle at high speeds spray people metal die cavity, cooling curing in very short time and be able to shaping.
Liquid forming is manufacturing important branch, and the scope of application is wide, and can produce the part of various shape and size, dimensional accuracy is higher, with low cost.Moulding by casting, as the one of liquid forming technology, generally adopts topple formula cast or bottom opening cast.The former rotates high temperature melting furnace, and in smelting furnace, molten state material flows out, and enters cast molding in mould by cup; The latter is after melting completes, and is shifted out by the stopper rod of smelting furnace lower end, makes molten state material flow into cast molding in mould bottom smelting furnace.
No matter any mode, in forming process, gravity or External Force Acting are in molten state material, and accurate flow, flow control are huge challenges.In order to address this problem, the general high temperature spool that adopts controls, the mechanical valve complex structure of this contact, elevated-temperature seal poor performance, inconvenient operation.Directly contact with molten state material, chemical reaction may occur, pollute raw material.Molten state material flow, through spool, has residual, solidifies rear easy blocking spool, and cleaning is inconvenient, and service life is short.
Molten metal 3D as one of high temperature fluent metal shaping important applied field prints, it to utilize in fused glass pellet method based on the heat sink technology of metal droplet, molten metal is forced to eject from nozzle with the form of uniform droplet by external force, by controlling the scan path of metal droplet, carry out pointwise, successively pile up, until mold micro parts.Its significant challenge is that the precision flow of molten state material controls.
Summary of the invention
For the defect that prior art exists, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of high-temperature material flow control apparatus and method.The control method of the start and stop of being flowed by gas pressure difference control high-temperature material, flow velocity speed, uninterrupted, the field being widely used in macromolecular material, various high-temperature metal, alloy and pottery flowing and being shaped, contactless, the high accuracy that realize high-temperature material flowing control.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of high-temperature material flow control apparatus, comprises sealed chamber, smelting furnace, seal cover, sealed chamber gas pressure control unit, smelting furnace gas pressure control unit, gas temperature control unit; Described smelting furnace is in sealed chamber, and described seal cover is connected with smelting furnace top seal, has bottom outlet bottom smelting furnace; Described sealed chamber lower side has gas outlet under air inlet under sealed chamber, sealed chamber, and under described sealed chamber, under air inlet, sealed chamber, gas outlet connects sealed chamber gas pressure control unit; Described sealed chamber top has gas outlet on the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber, sealed chamber, upper end, gas outlet connecting smelting furnace gas pressure control unit on the enterprising gas port of described sealed chamber, sealed chamber, and described seal cover has seal cover air inlet and seal cover gas outlet; Described seal cover air inlet is connected by gas piping with the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber, described seal cover gas outlet is connected by gas piping with gas outlet on sealed chamber, described gas temperature control unit is arranged under sealed chamber on air inlet, detects in real time and the gas temperature of air inlet under regulating inflow sealed chamber; Under described sealed chamber gas pressure control unit, sealed chamber, under the material bottom of air inlet, sealed chamber, smelting furnace, sealed chamber, gas outlet forms the first gas return path, and the masterpiece that the first gas return path produces upwards is used for material bottom; On the material top of described smelting furnace gas pressure control unit, the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber, smelting furnace, sealed chamber, gas outlet forms the second gas return path, and the second gas return path produces downward masterpiece for material top.
Described smelting furnace can be graphite crucible, cold-crucible, metallic crucible, silica crucible or ceramic crucible.
A kind of high-temperature material flow control method, uses above-mentioned device, has following steps:
A (), before melting, pumps the foreign gas in device, make to be in vacuum state in sealed chamber and smelting furnace: before melting, take off seal cover, added by material in smelting furnace, build seal cover; Now, have space between material and smelting furnace, the first gas return path is communicated with the second gas return path; Sealed chamber gas pressure control unit to close under sealed chamber gas outlet under air inlet and sealed chamber; Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit closes the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber, opens gas outlet on sealed chamber; Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit controls the speed of exhaust of the second gas return path, and the sealed chamber in the first gas return path forms vacuum state jointly by the second gas return path and smelting furnace;
B (), in fusion process, molten state material is in by the state of lifting in smelting furnace, can not flow out smelting furnace bottom outlet: in fusion process, molten state material contacts completely with smelting furnace, and the first gas return path is not communicated with the second gas return path; Gas outlet under air inlet, closedown sealed chamber under sealed chamber gas pressure control unit unlatching sealed chamber; Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit is opened gas outlet on sealed chamber, is closed the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber; Gas temperature control unit controls the first gas return path gas temperature; Adjust the gas pressure size of the first gas return path and the second gas return path, make be zero making a concerted effort suffered by material, in fusion process, material is in by the state of lifting, and can not flow out smelting furnace bottom outlet;
(c1), in melting end injection process, realize molten state material and spray startup control: in course of injection, the first gas return path is not still communicated with the second gas return path; Air inlet under gas outlet, closedown sealed chamber under sealed chamber gas pressure control unit unlatching sealed chamber; Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit is opened the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber, is closed gas outlet on sealed chamber; Adjust the gas pressure size of the first gas return path and the second gas return path, make to be greater than making a concerted effort suffered by material zero, direction is downward, drive material to flow out from smelting furnace bottom outlet, realize spraying and start.
(c2) in melting end injection process, realize molten state material injection flow and flow control: in course of injection, the first gas return path is not still communicated with the second gas return path; Air inlet under gas outlet, closedown sealed chamber under sealed chamber gas pressure control unit unlatching sealed chamber; Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit is opened the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber, is closed gas outlet on sealed chamber; Adjust the gas pressure size of the first gas return path and the second gas return path, make to be greater than making a concerted effort suffered by material zero, direction is downward, and adjust material top and the bottom pressure extent, accurately control injection flow velocity and the flow of material.
(c3), in melting end injection process, realize molten state material and spray stopping control: in course of injection, the first gas return path is not still communicated with the second gas return path; Gas outlet under air inlet, closedown sealed chamber under sealed chamber gas pressure control unit unlatching sealed chamber; Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit is opened gas outlet on sealed chamber, is closed the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber; Gas temperature control unit controls the first gas return path gas temperature; Adjust the gas pressure size of the first gas return path and the second gas return path, thus control material top and the bottom pressure extents, make to be greater than making a concerted effort suffered by material zero, direction upwards, the flow velocity of material is reduced until be zero, and material sprays and stops.
Described material can be macromolecular material, high-temperature metal, alloy or pottery.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following apparent substantive distinguishing features and remarkable advantage:
The control method of a kind of high-temperature material flowing provided by the invention and device, molten state Flow of Goods and Materials for high temperature controls, based on the principle that gas pressure difference and the material gravity of material upper and lower in smelting furnace balance each other, realize the Untouched control such as startup, stopping, flow, flow velocity of molten state material high temperature current downflow.Sealed chamber can provide malleation, contributes to improving microstructure in process of setting, can also play the effect of the protection personal safety when smelting furnace burst fortuitous event.Machinery-free type flow control valve door of the present invention, has high-precision flowing and controls, and pollution-free, structure is simple, without the advantage of line clogging, long service life, simple to operate, low cost.The invention provides spendable smelting furnace in extensive range, such as graphite crucible, cold-crucible, metallic crucible, silica crucible or ceramic crucible.Furnace charge of the present invention is not only suitable for granular material, filamentary material, lump material, is also suitable for various high temperature refractory material and metal, has applicability widely.Control to be filled with the gas temperature of air inlet under sealed chamber by gas temperature control unit and reach the degree of supercooling regulating material coagulation forming.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the control device structural representation of a kind of high-temperature material flowing.
Fig. 2 is the first gas return path before melting and the second gas return path schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the first gas return path schematic diagram in fusion process.
Fig. 4 is the second gas return path schematic diagram in fusion process.
Fig. 5 is the force diagram of material in fusion process.
Fig. 6 is the first gas return path schematic diagram in course of injection.
Fig. 7 is the second gas return path schematic diagram in course of injection.
Fig. 8 is the force diagram of material in course of injection.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of high-temperature material flow control apparatus, comprises sealed chamber 1, smelting furnace 2, seal cover 3, sealed chamber gas pressure control unit 4-1, smelting furnace gas pressure control unit 4-2, gas temperature control unit 5; Described smelting furnace 2 is in sealed chamber 1, and described seal cover 3 is connected with smelting furnace 2 top seal, has bottom outlet bottom smelting furnace 2; Described sealed chamber 1 lower side has gas outlet 1-2 under air inlet 1-1 under sealed chamber, sealed chamber, and under described sealed chamber, under air inlet 1-1, sealed chamber, gas outlet 1-2 connects sealed chamber gas pressure control unit 4-1; Described sealed chamber 1 top has gas outlet 1-4 on the enterprising gas port 1-3 of sealed chamber, sealed chamber, 1-4 upper end, gas outlet connecting smelting furnace gas pressure control unit 4-2 on the enterprising gas port 1-3 of described sealed chamber, sealed chamber, described seal cover 3 has seal cover air inlet 3-1 and seal cover gas outlet 3-2; Described seal cover air inlet 3-1 is connected by gas piping with the enterprising gas port 1-3 of sealed chamber, described seal cover gas outlet 3-2 is connected by gas piping with gas outlet 1-4 on sealed chamber, described gas temperature control unit 5 is arranged under sealed chamber on air inlet 1-1, detects in real time and the gas temperature of air inlet 1-1 under regulating inflow sealed chamber; Under described sealed chamber gas pressure control unit 4-1, sealed chamber, under the material bottom of air inlet 1-1, sealed chamber 1, smelting furnace 2, sealed chamber, gas outlet 1-2 forms the first gas return path, and the masterpiece that the first gas return path produces upwards is used for material bottom; On the material top of described smelting furnace gas pressure control unit 4-2, the enterprising gas port 1-3 of sealed chamber, smelting furnace 2, sealed chamber, gas outlet 1-4 forms the second gas return path, and the second gas return path produces downward masterpiece for material top.
Described smelting furnace is graphite crucible, cold-crucible, metallic crucible, silica crucible or ceramic crucible.
As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, as follows: a kind of high-temperature material flow control method, uses above-mentioned device, have following steps:
A (), before melting, pumps the foreign gas in device, make to be in vacuum state in sealed chamber 1 and smelting furnace 2: before melting, take off seal cover 3, added by material in smelting furnace 2, build seal cover 3; Now, have space between material and smelting furnace 2, the first gas return path is communicated with the second gas return path; Sealed chamber gas pressure control unit 4-1 to close under sealed chamber gas outlet 1-2 under air inlet 1-1 and sealed chamber; Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit 4-2 closes the enterprising gas port 1-3 of sealed chamber, opens gas outlet 1-4 on sealed chamber; Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit 4-2 controls the speed of exhaust of the second gas return path, and the sealed chamber 1 in the first gas return path forms vacuum state jointly by the second gas return path and smelting furnace 2;
B (), in fusion process, molten state material is in by the state of lifting in smelting furnace, can not flow out smelting furnace bottom outlet: in fusion process, molten state material contacts completely with smelting furnace 2, and the first gas return path is not communicated with the second gas return path; Gas outlet 1-2 under air inlet 1-1, closedown sealed chamber under sealed chamber gas pressure control unit 4-1 unlatching sealed chamber; Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit 4-2 opens gas outlet 1-4 on sealed chamber, closes the enterprising gas port 1-3 of sealed chamber; Gas temperature control unit 5 controls the first gas return path gas temperature; The gas pressure intensity that sealed chamber gas pressure control unit 4-1 controls the first gas return path is malleation (P
1> P
0), the gas pressure intensity that smelting furnace gas pressure control unit 4-2 controls the second gas return path is negative pressure (P
2< P
0).(P
0for standard atmospheric pressure, P
1for pressure in sealed chamber, P
2for pressure in smelting furnace)
The material power be subject to upwards has the holding power of smelting furnace 2 pairs of materials
the frictional force f of smelting furnace 2 pairs of materials
1, f
2, smelting furnace bottom orifice gas lifts power F to material
1.Material is subject to the gravity G that downward power has object, and smelting furnace 2 internal upper part gas is to the gas pressure F of material
2.By controlling the first gas return path and the second gas return path controls material top and the bottom pressure F
1, F
2, what material was subject to makes a concerted effort
then material is in by the state of lifting at fusion process, can not flow out smelting furnace 2 bottom outlet.
(c1), in melting end injection process, realize molten state material and spray startup control: in course of injection, the first gas return path is not still communicated with the second gas return path; Air inlet 1-1 under gas outlet 1-2, closedown sealed chamber under sealed chamber gas pressure control unit 4-1 unlatching sealed chamber; Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit 4-2 opens the enterprising gas port 1-3 of sealed chamber, closes gas outlet 1-4 on sealed chamber; The gas pressure intensity that sealed chamber gas pressure control unit 4-1 controls the first gas return path is negative pressure, the gas pressure intensity that smelting furnace gas pressure control unit 4-2 controls the second gas return path is malleation, make material top in smelting furnace form malleation, in smelting furnace, negative pressure is formed at material bottom.Material top and the bottom pressure F is controlled by the first gas return path and the second gas return path
1, F
2size, adjustment F
1, F
2make the F that makes a concerted effort suffered by material
close> 0, direction downwards, realize molten state material and spray from smelting furnace bottom outlet.
(c2) in melting end injection process, realize molten state material injection flow and flow control: in course of injection, the first gas return path is not still communicated with the second gas return path; Air inlet 1-1 under gas outlet 1-2, closedown sealed chamber under sealed chamber gas pressure control unit 4-1 unlatching sealed chamber; Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit 4-2 opens the enterprising gas port 1-3 of sealed chamber, closes gas outlet 1-4 on sealed chamber; The gas pressure intensity that sealed chamber gas pressure control unit 4-1 controls the first gas return path is negative pressure, the gas pressure intensity that smelting furnace gas pressure control unit 4-2 controls the second gas return path is malleation, make material top in smelting furnace form malleation, in smelting furnace, negative pressure is formed at material bottom.Adjust the gas pressure F of the first gas return path and the second gas return path
1, F
2size, make suffered by material make a concerted effort F
close> 0, direction, and adjust material top and the bottom pressure extent downwards, accurately control injection flow velocity and the flow of material, the molten state material exact flow rate size in the various field that is applied.
(c3), in melting end injection process, realize molten state material and spray stopping control: in course of injection, the first gas return path is not still communicated with the second gas return path; Gas outlet 1-2 under air inlet 1-1, closedown sealed chamber under sealed chamber gas pressure control unit 4-1 unlatching sealed chamber; Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit 4-2 opens gas outlet 1-4 on sealed chamber, closes the enterprising gas port 1-3 of sealed chamber; Gas temperature control unit 5 controls the first gas return path gas temperature; The gas pressure intensity that sealed chamber gas pressure control unit 4-1 controls the first gas return path is malleation, the gas pressure intensity that smelting furnace gas pressure control unit 4-2 controls the second gas return path is negative pressure, make material top in smelting furnace form negative pressure, in smelting furnace, malleation is formed at material bottom.Adjust the gas pressure size of the first gas return path and the second gas return path, thus control material top and the bottom pressure F
1, F
2size, make suffered by material make a concerted effort F
closeupwards, under the pressure differential effect of material top and the bottom, slow down and stop spraying in > 0, direction.Realized high-precision flow, the flow velocity Untouched control of material by such mode, after molten state material sprays, add materials, repeat above action.
Claims (4)
1. a high-temperature material flow control apparatus, it is characterized in that, comprise sealed chamber (1), smelting furnace (2), seal cover (3), sealed chamber gas pressure control unit (4-1), smelting furnace gas pressure control unit (4-2), gas temperature control unit (5); Described smelting furnace (2) is in sealed chamber (1), and described seal cover (3) is connected with smelting furnace (2) top seal, and smelting furnace (2) bottom has bottom outlet; Described sealed chamber (1) lower side has gas outlet (1-2) under air inlet (1-1) under sealed chamber, sealed chamber, and under described sealed chamber, under air inlet (1-1), sealed chamber, gas outlet (1-2) connects sealed chamber gas pressure control unit (4-1); Described sealed chamber (1) top has gas outlet (1-4) on the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber (1-3), sealed chamber, gas outlet (1-4) upper end connecting smelting furnace gas pressure control unit (4-2) on the enterprising gas port of described sealed chamber (1-3), sealed chamber, described seal cover (3) has seal cover air inlet (3-1) and seal cover gas outlet (3-2); Described seal cover air inlet (3-1) is connected by gas piping with the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber (1-3), described seal cover gas outlet (3-2) is connected by gas piping with gas outlet on sealed chamber (1-4), described gas temperature control unit (5) is arranged under sealed chamber on air inlet (1-1), detects in real time and the gas temperature of air inlet (1-1) under regulating inflow sealed chamber; Under described sealed chamber gas pressure control unit (4-1), sealed chamber, under the material bottom of air inlet (1-1), sealed chamber (1), smelting furnace (2), sealed chamber, gas outlet (1-2) forms the first gas return path, and the masterpiece that the first gas return path produces upwards is used for material bottom; On the material top of described smelting furnace gas pressure control unit (4-2), the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber (1-3), smelting furnace (2), sealed chamber, gas outlet (1-4) forms the second gas return path, and the second gas return path produces downward masterpiece for material top.
2. high-temperature material flow control apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described smelting furnace (2) is graphite crucible, cold-crucible, metallic crucible, silica crucible or ceramic crucible.
3. a high-temperature material flow control method, uses device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, have following steps:
A (), before melting, pumps the foreign gas in device, make to be in vacuum state in sealed chamber (1) and smelting furnace (2): before melting, take off seal cover (3), added by material in smelting furnace (2), build seal cover (3); Now, have space between material and smelting furnace (2), the first gas return path is communicated with the second gas return path; Sealed chamber gas pressure control unit (4-1) to close under sealed chamber gas outlet (1-2) under air inlet (1-1) and sealed chamber; Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit (4-2) closes the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber (1-3), opens gas outlet (1-4) on sealed chamber; Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit (4-2) controls the speed of exhaust of the second gas return path, and the sealed chamber (1) in the first gas return path forms vacuum state jointly by the second gas return path and smelting furnace (2);
B (), in fusion process, molten state material is in by the state of lifting in smelting furnace, can not flow out smelting furnace bottom outlet: in fusion process, and molten state material contacts completely with smelting furnace (2), and the first gas return path is not communicated with the second gas return path; Sealed chamber gas pressure control unit (4-1) opens air inlet (1-1) under sealed chamber, close sealed chamber under gas outlet (1-2); Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit (4-2) is opened gas outlet on sealed chamber (1-4), is closed the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber (1-3); Gas temperature control unit (5) controls the first gas return path gas temperature; Adjust the gas pressure size of the first gas return path and the second gas return path, make be zero making a concerted effort suffered by material, in fusion process, material is in by the state of lifting, and can not flow out smelting furnace bottom outlet;
(c1), in melting end injection process, realize molten state material and spray startup control: in course of injection, the first gas return path is not still communicated with the second gas return path; Sealed chamber gas pressure control unit (4-1) opens gas outlet (1-2) under sealed chamber, close sealed chamber under air inlet (1-1); Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit (4-2) is opened the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber (1-3), is closed gas outlet (1-4) on sealed chamber; Adjust the gas pressure size of the first gas return path and the second gas return path, make to be greater than making a concerted effort suffered by material zero, direction is downward, drive material to flow out from smelting furnace (2) bottom outlet, realize spraying and start;
(c2) in melting end injection process, realize molten state material injection flow and flow control: in course of injection, the first gas return path is not still communicated with the second gas return path; Sealed chamber gas pressure control unit (4-1) opens gas outlet (1-2) under sealed chamber, close sealed chamber under air inlet (1-1); Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit (4-2) is opened the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber (1-3), is closed gas outlet (1-4) on sealed chamber; Adjust the gas pressure size of the first gas return path and the second gas return path, make to be greater than making a concerted effort suffered by material zero, direction is downward, and adjust material top and the bottom pressure extent, accurately control injection flow velocity and the flow of material;
(c3), in melting end injection process, realize molten state material and spray stopping control: in course of injection, the first gas return path is not still communicated with the second gas return path; Sealed chamber gas pressure control unit (4-1) opens air inlet (1-1) under sealed chamber, close sealed chamber under gas outlet (1-2); Smelting furnace gas pressure control unit (4-2) is opened gas outlet on sealed chamber (1-4), is closed the enterprising gas port of sealed chamber (1-3); Gas temperature control unit (5) controls the first gas return path gas temperature; Adjust the gas pressure size of the first gas return path and the second gas return path, thus control material top and the bottom pressure extents, make to be greater than making a concerted effort suffered by material zero, direction upwards, the flow velocity of material is reduced until be zero, and material sprays and stops.
4. high-temperature material flow control method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described material is macromolecular material, high-temperature metal, alloy or pottery.
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Cited By (1)
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CN111872405A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-11-03 | 西安索斯动力科技有限公司 | Suspension smelting gas atomization device and method for preparing metal powder |
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