CN105248711A - Black tea fermentation method and special black tea fermentation chamber - Google Patents
Black tea fermentation method and special black tea fermentation chamber Download PDFInfo
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- CN105248711A CN105248711A CN201510822955.XA CN201510822955A CN105248711A CN 105248711 A CN105248711 A CN 105248711A CN 201510822955 A CN201510822955 A CN 201510822955A CN 105248711 A CN105248711 A CN 105248711A
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Abstract
The invention provides a black tea fermentation method. The black tea fermentation method comprises the following steps: (1) spreading withered and rolled tea leaves; (2) fermenting the tea leaves for 60-90 minutes under the conditions that the temperature is 29.5-30.5 DEG C, the humidity is 94-96% and the oxygen concentration is 21.45-21.55%; (3) fermenting for 60-70 minutes under the conditions that the temperature is 27.5-28.5 DEG C, the humidity is 94-96% and the oxygen concentration is 21.15-21.25%; and (4) fermenting for 50-60 minutes under the conditions that the temperature is 25.5-26.5 DEG C, the humidity is 94-96% and the oxygen concentration is 20.85-20.95%. The invention further provides a special black tea fermentation chamber. Black tea processed by the method is uniformly fermented and the quality of the tea leaves in the same batch is uniform; processed dried tea has oily and moistened color and luster, rich and pleasant aroma, delicious and mellow taste and red soup color; and compared with the black tea processed by a constant-temperature and constant-humidity fermentation method, the quality is relatively good and the score is relatively high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Tea Processing technical field, be specifically related to a kind of fermentation of black tea method and black tea fermenting room.
Background technology
China's black tea market is rapidly heated in recent years, and from 2010 up till now, black tea increase of production speed is 15%, increases very fast in China's 6 large teas.On consumption market, black tea increases by 30%, and occupy first of 6 large teas, the developing target market potentiality of visible black tea are very large.In black tea processing, the operation of most critical is fermentation, and at present, fermentation of black tea mainly adopts steady temperature humidity in spontaneous fermentation and fermenting case (room) to ferment.These two kinds of each shortcomings of method, wherein: spontaneous fermentation exists because humiture is difficult to control easily to cause fermentation of black tea speed, and working (machining) efficiency is low, ferments uneven, and soup look shades, and quality is difficult to the shortcomings such as control; In fermenting case (room), the fermentation of steady temperature humidity exists because sweathouse permeability is poor, corresponding environmental condition can not be provided according to fermentation of black tea stage characteristic, easily cause and to cause because oxygen is not enough fermenting inside and outside black tea uneven, fragrance is low vexed, produces the shortcoming that tart flavour etc. affects tea leaf quality.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of controlled temperature control to wet the control black tea fermenting room of oxygen and fermentation of black tea method, the difference realizing environmental requirement needed for the fermentation of black tea stage carries out the requirement of stage temperature and humidity control control oxygen, solve the fermentation time caused because of temperature humidity and amount of oxygen deficiency in fermentation of black tea long, ferment uneven, quality problem rambunctious; Meanwhile, improve black tea processed finished products rate and efficiency, promote black tea quality.
The invention provides a kind of fermentation of black tea method, step is as follows:
(1) by through dark brownish greenly spreading out of withering, knead;
(2) temperature 29.5-30.5 DEG C, humidity 94-96%, oxygen concentration 21.45-21.55% time, ferment 60 ~ 90 minutes;
(3) temperature 27.5-28.5 DEG C, humidity 94-96%, oxygen concentration 21.15-21.25% time, fermentation 60-70 minute;
(4) temperature 25.5-26.5 DEG C, humidity 94-96%, oxygen concentration 20.85-20.95% time, fermentation 50-60 minute.
The fermentation of black tea first stage is theaflavin Formation period, adopts higher temperature and oxygen concentration to be conducive to the shortening that it forms the cycle, allows its peak period time of occurrence in advance, shortens fermentation time, improve black tea working (machining) efficiency; Second stage adopts suitable temperature and oxygen concentration to be conducive to the formation of theaflavin, thearubigin, improves the content of theaflavin, thearubigin, improves black tea quality; Phase III adopts access expansion fermentation, is to prevent thearubigin excessively Molecular Cloning greatly to theabrownin etc., ensureing the content of theaflavin, thearubigin in tealeaves, improve tea leaf quality.Simultaneously, mild temperature, oxygen concentration, humidity environment, can promote normally carrying out of fermentation, forms the key aroma material of black tea fragrance, especially there is the formation of the aromatic substances such as the phenmethylol of the strong fragrance of a flower and fruit perfume (or spice), benzyl carbinol, linalool oxide, improve black tea quality.
Preferably, in step (1), dark brownish green thickness is 30cm-40cm;
Preferably, described dark brownish green be that bud one leaf, bud two leaf or a bud three-leaf tea are blue or green.
Preferably, the actual conditions of step (2) is: when temperature 30 DEG C, humidity 95%, oxygen concentration 21.5%, ferments 60 ~ 90 minutes.
Preferably, the actual conditions of step (3) is: when temperature 28 DEG C, humidity 95%, oxygen concentration 21.2%, fermentation 60-70 minute.
Preferably, the actual conditions of step (4) is: when temperature 26 DEG C, humidity 95%, oxygen concentration 20.9%, fermentation 50-60 minute.
Under above-mentioned each optimum condition, the black tea performance prepared is best.
The present invention also provides a kind of black tea fermenting room, it is characterized in that: described black tea fermenting room is primarily of fermenting cellar main body, temperature and humidity control machine (4), oxygen generator (10), temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system (13) composition, temperature and humidity control machine (4), oxygen generator (10), temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system (13) are all outside fermenting cellar main body, and temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system (13) is electrically connected with temperature and humidity control machine (4) and oxygen generator (10) respectively; Water inlet pipe (2) and drainpipe (3) are connected on temperature and humidity control machine (4), temperature and humidity control machine (4) is also provided with three efferent ducts, be respectively warm-air pipe (5), blast pipe (7) and humidifier tube (9), three efferent ducts extend in fermenting cellar main body respectively; Oxygen generator (10) is provided with oxygen hose (11), and its other end extend in fermenting cellar main body; Fermenting cellar body interior is provided with puts tea frame (15), Temperature and Humidity sensor (16) and oxygen concentration detecting sensor (17), and described Temperature and Humidity sensor (16), oxygen concentration detecting sensor (17) are electrically connected with temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system (13).
Preferably, described humidifier tube (9) there is multiple aperture;
Preferably, described aperture is axially uniformly distributed at humidifier tube (9).
Preferably, be arranged with on fermenting cellar body interior both sides and put tea frame (15).
Preferably, described Temperature and Humidity sensor (16) and oxygen concentration detecting sensor (17) are arranged on the centre position of fermenting cellar body interior.
Preferably, described Temperature and Humidity sensor (16) and oxygen concentration detecting sensor (17) be placed on put tea frame intermediate layer surface on.
The invention provides the black tea manufacture technique that a kind of temperature humidity oxygen concentration three kind environmental factors maximum to fermentation of black tea process influence are controlled.Fermentation of black tea essence take polyphenol compound as main body generation enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation, and produce the coloured oxidation product theaflavin (TFS) of reaction generation, thearubigin (TRS) and the theabrownins (TB) such as a series of oxidation, polymerization, condensation; The chemical reaction of other compound of simultaneous, define the process of the distinctive color quality of black tea, in this process, the environmental factor of temperature, oxygen, humidity directly affects the formation of theaflavin (TFS), thearubigin (TRS) and theabrownin (TB) and conversion (theaflavin affects the lightness of millet paste and fresh refreshing degree; Thearubigin then decides concentration and the color and luster of millet paste).According to above fermentation of black tea essence, for which providing better controllable environment condition, improve fermenting speed, draw through fermentation time contrast test, the tea sample of same kind, the best duration that present invention process fully ferments is 3 ~ 4 hours, and the duration of steady temperature humidity fermentation process the best is 4 ~ 5 hours, fermentation time reduction 1 hours, improves working (machining) efficiency; Meanwhile, be more conducive to retaining or forming fragrance, flavour beneficial agents, improve yield rate, stabilizing quality product, reduce production cost, be suitable for standardized production.Meanwhile, by temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system, control the operation of temperature and humidity control machine, oxygen generator, the difference realizing environmental requirement needed for the fermentation of black tea stage carries out the requirement of stage temperature and humidity control control oxygen.
The fermentation of application this method processing black tea is even, and same batch of tea leaf quality is even, and the dry dark brown pool processed is glossy, gives off a strong fragrance joyful, the fresh alcohol of flavour, and soup look red is gorgeous, and feel quality compared with the black tea processed with steady temperature humidity fermentation process more excellent, score is higher.The application, according to fermentation of black tea essence and process, provides better controllable environment condition, improves yield rate, stabilizing quality product, reduces production cost, is suitable for standardized production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and forms a part for description, together with embodiments of the present invention for explaining the present invention, is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is fermenting cellar exterior wall plane;
Fig. 2 is the front view of fermenting cellar doors structure plane;
The right view of Fig. 3 position fermenting cellar doors structure plane.
Wherein, 1: fermenting cellar door, 2: water inlet pipe, 3: drainpipe, 4: temperature and humidity control machine, 5: warm-air pipe, 6: the hot blast mouth of pipe, 7: blast pipe, 8: exhaust pipe mouth, 9: humidifier tube, 10: oxygen generator, 11: oxygen hose, 12: the oxygen mouth of pipe, 13: temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system, 14: the humidification mouth of pipe; 15: put tea frame; 16: Temperature and Humidity sensor; 17: oxygen concentration detecting sensor.
Detailed description of the invention
Following embodiment is convenient to understand the present invention better, but does not limit the present invention.Experimental technique in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Fermentation of black tea method of the present invention is:
(1) dark brownish greenly will be placed in fermenter or fermenting vehicle through what wither, knead, spread out dark brownish green, dark brownish green thickness is 30cm ~ 40cm, is placed in fermentation fermenting case (room); Dark brownish green is that bud one leaf, bud two leaf or a bud three-leaf tea are blue or green;
(2) temperature 29.5-30.5 DEG C, humidity 94-96%, oxygen concentration 21.45-21.55% time, ferment 60 ~ 90 minutes;
(3) temperature 27.5-28.5 DEG C, humidity 94-96%, oxygen concentration 21.15-21.25% time, fermentation 60-70 minute;
(4) temperature 25.5-26.5 DEG C, humidity 94-96%, oxygen concentration 20.85-20.95% time, fermentation 50-60 minute.
Black tea fermenting room of the present invention forms primarily of fermenting cellar main body, temperature and humidity control machine 4, oxygen generator 10, temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system 13, temperature and humidity control machine 4, oxygen generator 10, temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system 13 are installed in outside fermenting cellar main body, and temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system 13 is electrically connected with temperature and humidity control machine 4 and oxygen generator 10 respectively; Temperature and humidity control machine 4 comprises heating machine, ultrasonic humidifier, cooler, fan assembly (not shown), water inlet pipe 2 and drainpipe 3 are connected on temperature and humidity control machine 4, utilize ultrasonic humidifier water to be become the humidity of steam to fermenting cellar main body and regulate; Temperature and humidity control machine 4 is also provided with three efferent ducts, is respectively warm-air pipe 5, blast pipe 7 and humidifier tube 9, the other end of warm-air pipe 5 is extend in fermenting cellar main body by the hot blast mouth of pipe 6, heats to fermenting cellar; The other end of blast pipe 7 is extend in fermenting cellar main body by exhaust pipe mouth 8, takes a breath to fermenting cellar; The hot blast mouth of pipe 6 and exhaust pipe mouth 8 are all positioned at the bottom of fermenting cellar main body; The other end of humidifier tube 9 extend in fermenting cellar main body by the humidification mouth of pipe 14, humidifier tube 9 is provided with axially equally distributed multiple aperture (not shown), steam is emerged and is carried out even humidification to fermenting cellar main body from the aperture humidifier tube 9, and the humidification mouth of pipe 14 is positioned at the top of fermenting cellar main body; Oxygen generator 10 is provided with an oxygen hose 11, and the other end of oxygen hose 11 extend in fermenting cellar main body by the oxygen mouth of pipe 12, carries out oxygen supply to fermenting cellar main body.
Aperture can be arbitrary shape, such as circular, square etc., and it is balanced that aperture is uniformly distributed the humidity that can make fermenting cellar inside.
Fermenting cellar body interior both sides are furnished with puts tea frame 15, puts the platy structure that tea frame 15 is multilayer, Temperature and Humidity sensor 16 and oxygen concentration detecting sensor 17 be placed on put tea frame 15 intermediate layer surface on; Temperature and Humidity sensor 16, oxygen concentration detecting sensor 17 are electrically connected with temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system 13.According to the requirement of fermentation of black tea technique, by the accurate control of temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system to fermenting cellar environment, improve black tea quality and yield rate.
The humiture data detected and oxygen concentration data are passed back in temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system 13 by Temperature and Humidity sensor and oxygen concentration detecting sensor, temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system 13 pairs of data analysis, make the humiture of fermenting cellar body interior and oxygen reach established standards by control temperature and humidity control machine and oxygen generator.
Temperature and Humidity sensor and oxygen concentration detecting sensor be placed on put tea frame 15 intermediate layer surface on can better react the indices putting tea frame.
Apply black tea that method of the present invention prepares and the same batch sample of steady temperature humidity zymotechnique contrasts, the comparing result of biochemical is see table 1, and sensory review's comparing result is see table 2.
The biochemical comparing result of the black tea that table 1 distinct methods prepares
Sensory review's comparing result of the black tea that table 2 distinct methods prepares
embodiment 1
Fermenter is placed into by dark brownish green for bud one leaf through withering, kneading, dark brownish green thickness 30cm ~ 40cm, be placed into and put on tea frame in fermenting cellar, fermenting cellar temperature, humidity and oxygen content degree is regulated to carry out temperature control control aerobe fermentation successively, the concrete Changing Pattern of sweat is see table 3, each adjustment fermenting cellar environment, trembles once to dark brownish green turning over, obtains black tea of the present invention after fermentation.
The adjustment of each parameter in table 3 sweat
Biochemical content in the black tea that the method for Application Example 1 prepares is see table 4.
Biochemical content in the black tea that the method for table 4 Application Example 1 prepares
embodiment 2
Fermenter is placed into by dark brownish green for bud one, two leaf through withering, kneading, dark brownish green thickness 30cm ~ 40cm, be placed into and put on tea frame in fermenting cellar, fermenting cellar temperature, humidity and oxygen content degree is regulated to carry out temperature control control aerobe fermentation successively, the concrete Changing Pattern of sweat is see table 5, each adjustment fermenting cellar environment, trembles once to dark brownish green turning over, obtains black tea of the present invention after fermentation.
The adjustment of each parameter in table 5 sweat
embodiment 3
A bud two through withering, kneading, three-leaf tea green grass or young crops are placed into fermenter, dark brownish green thickness 30cm ~ 40cm, be placed into and put on tea frame in fermenting cellar, fermenting cellar temperature, humidity and oxygen content degree is regulated to carry out temperature control control aerobe fermentation successively, the concrete Changing Pattern of sweat is see table 6, each adjustment fermenting cellar environment, trembles once to dark brownish green turning over, obtains black tea of the present invention after fermentation.
The adjustment of each parameter in table 6 sweat
embodiment 4
A bud two through withering, kneading, three-leaf tea green grass or young crops are placed into fermenter, dark brownish green thickness 30cm ~ 40cm, be placed into and put on tea frame in fermenting cellar, fermenting cellar temperature, humidity and oxygen content degree is regulated to carry out temperature control control aerobe fermentation successively, the concrete Changing Pattern of sweat is see table 7, each adjustment fermenting cellar environment, trembles once to dark brownish green turning over, obtains black tea of the present invention after fermentation.
The adjustment of each parameter in table 7 sweat
embodiment 5
A bud two through withering, kneading, three-leaf tea green grass or young crops are placed into fermenter, dark brownish green thickness 30cm ~ 40cm, be placed into and put on tea frame in fermenting cellar, fermenting cellar temperature, humidity and oxygen content degree is regulated to carry out temperature control control aerobe fermentation successively, the concrete Changing Pattern of sweat is see table 8, each adjustment fermenting cellar environment, trembles once to dark brownish green turning over, obtains black tea of the present invention after fermentation.
The adjustment of each parameter in table 8 sweat
embodiment 6
A bud two through withering, kneading, three-leaf tea green grass or young crops are placed into fermenter, dark brownish green thickness 30cm ~ 40cm, be placed into and put on tea frame in fermenting cellar, fermenting cellar temperature, humidity and oxygen content degree is regulated to carry out temperature control control aerobe fermentation successively, the concrete Changing Pattern of sweat is see table 9, each adjustment fermenting cellar environment, trembles once to dark brownish green turning over, obtains black tea of the present invention after fermentation.
The adjustment of each parameter in table 9 sweat
。
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a fermentation of black tea method, is characterized in that: step is as follows:
(1) by through dark brownish greenly spreading out of withering, knead;
(2) temperature 29.5-30.5 DEG C, humidity 94-96%, oxygen concentration 21.45-21.55% time, ferment 60 ~ 90 minutes;
(3) temperature 27.5-28.5 DEG C, humidity 94-96%, oxygen concentration 21.15-21.25% time, fermentation 60-70 minute;
(4) temperature 25.5-26.5 DEG C, humidity 94-96%, oxygen concentration 20.85-20.95% time, fermentation 50-60 minute.
2. fermentation of black tea method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), dark brownish green thickness is 30cm-40cm;
Preferably, described dark brownish green be that bud one leaf, bud two leaf or a bud three-leaf tea are blue or green.
3. fermentation of black tea method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the actual conditions of step (2) is: when temperature 30 DEG C, humidity 95%, oxygen concentration 21.5%, ferments 60 ~ 90 minutes.
4. fermentation of black tea method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the actual conditions of step (3) is: when temperature 28 DEG C, humidity 95%, oxygen concentration 21.2%, fermentation 60-70 minute.
5. fermentation of black tea method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the actual conditions of step (4) is: when temperature 26 DEG C, humidity 95%, oxygen concentration 20.9%, fermentation 50-60 minute.
6. a black tea fermenting room, it is characterized in that: described black tea fermenting room is primarily of fermenting cellar main body, temperature and humidity control machine (4), oxygen generator (10), temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system (13) composition, temperature and humidity control machine (4), oxygen generator (10), temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system (13) are all outside fermenting cellar main body, and temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system (13) is electrically connected with temperature and humidity control machine (4) and oxygen generator (10) respectively; Water inlet pipe (2) and drainpipe (3) are connected on temperature and humidity control machine (4), temperature and humidity control machine (4) is also provided with three efferent ducts, be respectively warm-air pipe (5), blast pipe (7) and humidifier tube (9), three efferent ducts extend in fermenting cellar main body respectively; Oxygen generator (10) is provided with oxygen hose (11), and its other end extend in fermenting cellar main body; Fermenting cellar body interior is provided with puts tea frame (15), Temperature and Humidity sensor (16) and oxygen concentration detecting sensor (17), and described Temperature and Humidity sensor (16), oxygen concentration detecting sensor (17) are electrically connected with temperature humidity Oxygen control programmable control system (13).
7. black tea fermenting room according to claim 6, is characterized in that: (9) have multiple aperture to described humidifier tube;
Preferably, described aperture is axially uniformly distributed at humidifier tube (9).
8. black tea fermenting room according to claim 6, is characterized in that: be arranged with on fermenting cellar body interior both sides and put tea frame (15).
9. black tea fermenting room according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described Temperature and Humidity sensor (16) and oxygen concentration detecting sensor (17) are arranged on the centre position of fermenting cellar body interior.
10. black tea fermenting room according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described Temperature and Humidity sensor (16) and oxygen concentration detecting sensor (17) be placed on put tea frame intermediate layer surface on.
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| CN105994728A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-10-12 | 梧州市中茗茶业有限公司 | Fermentation method of Liupao tea |
| CN106387138A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 四川中测量仪科技有限公司 | Novel quick high-efficient black tea fermentation machine |
| CN106417723A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-02-22 | 贵州黔茗茶业销售有限公司 | Nitrogen-charging black tea fermenting method |
| CN107691686A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2018-02-16 | 安徽中徽茶叶科技有限公司 | A kind of process using intelligent fermenting house fermented black tea |
| CN110583816A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-20 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Congou black tea segmented accurate oxygen control fermentation method and device |
| CN110637901A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-01-03 | 湖南太青山茶业有限公司 | Fermentation chamber convenient to control black tea fermentation condition |
| CN112155100A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-01-01 | 中粮营养健康研究院有限公司 | Agilawood black tea and making process thereof |
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| CN106417723A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-02-22 | 贵州黔茗茶业销售有限公司 | Nitrogen-charging black tea fermenting method |
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| CN110583816A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-20 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Congou black tea segmented accurate oxygen control fermentation method and device |
| CN110637901A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-01-03 | 湖南太青山茶业有限公司 | Fermentation chamber convenient to control black tea fermentation condition |
| CN112155100A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2021-01-01 | 中粮营养健康研究院有限公司 | Agilawood black tea and making process thereof |
| CN112155100B (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2022-04-08 | 中粮营养健康研究院有限公司 | Agilawood black tea and making process thereof |
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Application publication date: 20160120 |