CN105247258A - Refrigeration valve component, refrigeration valve and manufacturing method therefor - Google Patents
Refrigeration valve component, refrigeration valve and manufacturing method therefor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105247258A CN105247258A CN201480000198.1A CN201480000198A CN105247258A CN 105247258 A CN105247258 A CN 105247258A CN 201480000198 A CN201480000198 A CN 201480000198A CN 105247258 A CN105247258 A CN 105247258A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
- F16K27/04—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of sliding valves
- F16K27/044—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of sliding valves slide valves with flat obturating members
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Abstract
Provided are a refrigeration valve component, a refrigeration valve comprising the refrigeration valve component and a manufacturing method therefor, wherein the refrigeration valve component is connection pipes (C, D, E, and S) or a valve body (27), and is made of a copper-steel bimetal composite material having a multi-layer structure, and the copper-steel bimetal composite material comprises a first copper layer (130) which contacts with a refrigerant flowing through the refrigeration valve component, a steel layer (110) which is used as a structural support for the refrigeration valve component, and a first copper-steel based microalloy layer (120) which is located between the first copper layer (130) and the steel layer (110). The refrigeration valve component manufactured from the copper-steel bimetal composite material having a multi-layer structure can provide a higher compression strength and corrosion resistance capability and reduce the product cost due to introducing the steel layer material, which has a higher strength and a superior corrosion resistance and is less affected by welding heat treatment, as the structural support, compared with the existing copper refrigeration valves and the components thereof.
Description
Specification
Refrigeration valve member, refrigeration Fujian and its manufacture method
Technical field
[01] the present invention relates to refrigeration valve, and in particular to a kind of refrigeration valve member, refrigeration valve and its manufacture method based on sandwich construction copper base-steel bi-metal composite.Background technology
[02] refrigeration valve of the refrigeration system such as air-conditioning is mainly welded by copper valve body and some adapters.In general, refrigeration valve also includes the parts such as needle, bonnet, sliding block, and simply valve body and adapter is the main pressure part of refrigeration valve.Wherein, valve body can then use such as copper pipe processing using the forging processing of such as brass, adapter.In recent years, under the overall background that raw material copper valency goes up, the trend of copper refrigeration valve member generally existing thin-walled property, to reduce copper material usage amount, reduces product cost, but this will cause larger potential safety hazard, and labor is as follows.
[03] first, valve body and adapter are generally welded using the spelter solder of such as argentiferous.Welding, especially stove Welding implementation temperature it is higher, it is easy to cause freeze valve member microcosmic crystal grain grow up.However, the Hall Petch relationship formula in materialogy（Hall Petch relationship), the average crystal grain diameter increase of material reduces the yield strength for causing the material.Therefore, welding procedure cause the to freeze microcosmic crystal grain of valve member is grown up, and will cause the intensity of the refrigeration valve being finally made possibly lower than design strength, so as to influence the operation safety of refrigeration system.
[04] secondly, under refrigeration system application environment, also there is a kind of special forms of corrosion, i.e. ant nest and corrode in copper part（ant nestcorrosion)0So-called ant nest corrosion, refers to that the microstructure of material is destroyed and obtains the hole with the hole beaten like ant in below ground.In general, the auxiliary materials such as volatile oil, cleaning agent, the scaling powder remained in refrigeration valve process will not cause ant nest to corrode in itself, but these auxiliary materials after contacting and hydrolyze with oxygen by that can form low-grade carboxylic acid, so as to trigger ant nest to corrode.The actual (real) thickness for causing copper part is less than safe thickness during product design, and its by the hole that ant nest corrosion is produced
Specification
In perforated holes also will result directly in leakage so that influence refrigeration system service life and operation safety.The content of the invention
[05] in view of this, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that low manufacturing cost of such as how trying one's best processes the refrigeration valve for meeting security performance requirement.
[06] in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, according to an aspect of the present invention there is provided one kind refrigeration valve member, adapter or valve body of the refrigeration valve member for refrigeration valve, it is made up of the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of sandwich construction, and the copper base-steel bi-metal composite includes：First layers of copper, its by with flow through it is described refrigeration valve member refrigerant contact；Steel layer, it is the structural support of the refrigeration valve member；And the first microalloy layer based on copper steel, it is located between first layers of copper and the steel layer.
[07] for above-mentioned refrigeration valve member, in a kind of possible implementation, the steel layer can be stainless steel or carbon steel.
[08] for above-mentioned refrigeration valve member, in a kind of possible implementation, the port of the refrigeration valve member forms matcoveredn, to avoid the carbon steel from being corroded.In a kind of possible specific implementation, the protective layer is preferably copper protective layer, and thickness is about the μ π ι of 20 μ π ι ~ 80.
[09] for above-mentioned refrigeration valve member, in a kind of possible implementation, the copper base-steel bi-metal composite may also include the second layers of copper and the second microalloy layer based on copper steel, and second microalloy layer is located between the steel layer and second layers of copper.
[10] for above-mentioned refrigeration valve member, in a kind of possible implementation, first layers of copper and/or second layers of copper can be fine copper or copper alloy, and thickness is about the μ π ι of 20 μ π ι ~ 120.
[11] for above-mentioned refrigeration valve member, in a kind of possible implementation, the first microalloy layer can be in wavy extension between first layers of copper and the steel layer；And/or the second microalloy layer can be in wavy extension between second layers of copper and the steel layer.
[12] for above-mentioned refrigeration valve member, in a kind of possible implementation, the elemental composition of the first microalloy layer can change in gradient to first layers of copper and the steel layer respectively;And/or second micro- conjunction
Specification
The elemental composition of layer gold can change in gradient to second layers of copper and the steel layer respectively.
[13] for above-mentioned refrigeration valve member, in a kind of possible implementation, the elemental composition of the first microalloy layer and second microalloy layer can be centrosymmetric relative to the steel layer.
[14] for above-mentioned refrigeration valve member, in a kind of possible implementation, the thickness of first microalloy layer and/or second microalloy layer is about the μ π ι of 0.01 μ π ι ~ 5.
[15] in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of refrigeration valve, the refrigeration valve includes a valve body and at least one is taken over, wherein at least one part in the valve body and at least one described adapter is refrigeration valve member as described above.
[16] in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, according to another aspect of the invention there is provided a kind of manufacture method for being used to manufacture above-mentioned refrigeration valve, it includes：Nominal diameter, design pressure and maximum operation (service) temperature based on the refrigeration valve, calculate the minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) of the refrigeration valve member；Based on the minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) calculated, with reference to the machining deformation amount estimated, from the appropriate copper base-steel bi-metal composite as described above of thickness;Using Sheet Metal Forming Technology by the copper base-steel bi-metal composite processing into the refrigeration valve member；And by welding procedure by it is described refrigeration valve member with it is other refrigeration valve members connect into the refrigeration valve.
[17] for above-mentioned manufacture method, in a kind of possible implementation, the repeatedly load-unload technique that the Sheet Metal Forming Technology is carried out using mould.
[18] for above-mentioned manufacture method, in a kind of possible implementation, the welding procedure is included in being welded without silver brazing for the interior progress of continuous tunnel furnace.
[19] by introducing, intensity is higher, corrosion resisting property is more excellent and is used as structural support by the welding less steel layer material of Effects of Heat Treatment, the refrigeration valve and its part provided according to the present invention, compared with existing copper refrigeration valve and its part, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide higher compressive resistance and design pressure.
[20] according to below with reference to the accompanying drawings to detailed description of illustrative embodiments, further feature and aspect of the invention will be clear.Brief description of the drawings
Specification
[21] accompanying drawing for including in the description and constituting a part for specification together illustrates exemplary embodiment, feature and the aspect of the present invention with specification, and for explaining the principle of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of refrigeration valve copper base-steel bi-metal composite according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 shows the structural representation of refrigeration valve copper base-steel bi-metal composite according to another embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 show using refrigeration valve component processing according to embodiments of the present invention into four-way reversing valve schematic diagram.Embodiment
[22] various exemplary embodiments, feature and the aspect of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to accompanying drawing.Identical reference represents the same or analogous element of function in accompanying drawing.Although the various aspects of embodiment are shown in the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, it is not necessary to accompanying drawing drawn to scale.
[23] special word " exemplary " is meant " being used as example, embodiment or illustrative " herein.Here as
" exemplary " illustrated any embodiment should not necessarily be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
[24] in addition, in order to better illustrate the present invention, numerous details are given in embodiment below.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that without some details, the present invention can equally be implemented.In other example, it is not described in detail for method well known to those skilled in the art, means, element and circuit, in order to highlight the purport of the present invention.
[25] as described in the background section, the problem of yield strength is not enough after welding for copper refrigeration valve, generally ensures that refrigeration valve has larger design pressure by increasing the pipe thickness for the valve member that freezes, but this will substantially increase manufacturing cost.In view of this, the present inventor originally expects, can select the copper base-steel bi-metal composite with sandwich construction, and to manufacture the refrigeration valve member of including but not limited to valve body and adapter etc., and it is as follows to will be described in detail the inventive concept.
[26] on the one hand, can be by introducing that intensity is higher, corrosion resisting property is more excellent and by welding Effects of Heat Treatment
Specification
Less steel layer material is as structural support, to lift the design pressure of refrigeration valve and its part.Wherein, the mechanics and physical property of several frequently seen Steel material and copper product in room temperature, under such as 20 °C can be found in table 1 below.
[27] first, as shown in Table 1, including 304 stainless steels, 10 carbon steels, 316L stainless steels etc. Steel material tensile strength, hence it is evident that higher than the tensile strength of the copper product including fine copper and H62 brass etc..
[28] secondly, the research corroded for ant nest shows, the necessary condition that ant nest corrosion is produced is copper product, corrosive medium, moisture, this 4 key elements of oxygen exist simultaneously and it is a certain amount of to reach, the change of any of which key element can effectively improve the resistance to ant nest corrosion of material.Accordingly, due to introducing Steel material, namely changed for the copper product as one of 4 key elements for triggering ant nest corrosion, it will cause compared with the material of fine copper matter, the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of sandwich construction has the preferably corrosive power of resistance to ant nest.Also, due to the presence of the steel layer material as structural support, even if layers of copper material occurs in that ant nest corrodes, also hardly influence the overall security of refrigeration valve member that the copper base-steel bi-metal composite using sandwich construction is made and refrigeration valve.
[29] and, it can be seen from industrial practical experience, corrosion rate of the stainless steel under the low acid concentration of low temperature is extremely low, in the even current industrial production of 316L stainless steels be used for manufacture can directly contact low-grade carboxylic acid, can be specially acetic acid equipment most versatile material.Accordingly, when the steel layer material as structural support is stainless steel, because the ability that is acidproof, being specially resistance to low-grade carboxylic acid corrosion of stainless steel is apparently higher than copper product, the anti-corrosion capability that a Walk improves the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of sandwich construction can be entered, so that entering a Walk effectively reduces the refrigeration valve member being made using the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of sandwich construction and refrigeration valve in fortune
Specification
Potential safety hazard in row.
[30] furthermore, welding causes the microcosmic crystal grain of copper refrigeration valve member to grow up and be primarily due to, welding temperature, e.g., from about 1000 degree.C higher than copper material recrystallization complete temperature, e.g., from about 750 °C so that copper material welding when can soften, and copper material crystal grain occur recrystallization and cause crystal grain to be grown up.In general, the recrystallization start temperature and end temp of steel, especially stainless steel will be higher than copper material.Therefore, under current welding procedure, steel are influenceed smaller by welding heat treatment.
[31] so, have higher-strength, corrosion resisting property more excellent and by the welding less steel layer material of Effects of Heat Treatment due to introducing compared with layers of copper material, the refrigeration valve and its part being made using the copper base-steel bi-metal composite comprising layers of copper and steel layer can realize bigger pressure-resistant tolerance limit, and the lifting of pressure-resistant tolerance limit will bring more preferable Product Safety.
[32] on the other hand, can also be by introducing the microalloy layer based on copper steel between steel layer material and layers of copper material, to cause there is higher bond strength between steel layer material and layers of copper material, there is delamination phenomenon during the following process of including but not limited to punching press, welding etc. and follow-up military service with the valve member that avoids freezing, so as to enter the reliability that a Walk improves be processed into refrigeration valve.Wherein, microalloy layer is as the transition zone between steel layer and layers of copper, and the mechanism for improving interfacial bonding strength can mainly include at following 2 points.
[33] first, the elemental composition graded of microalloy layer alleviates the physical attribute difference of layers of copper and steel layer, as shown in Table 1, in room temperature, under e.g., from about 20 °C, fine copper, H62 brass, 304 stainless steels, 10 carbon steels and 316 stainless steels linear expansion coefficient it is mutually different, the difference between these coefficients of expansion causes the copper base-steel bi-metal composite comprising layers of copper and steel layer integrated structure easily delamination phenomenon occur after by larger thermal stress and/or mechanical stress.Introducing microalloy layer alleviates the physical attribute difference between steel layer material and layers of copper material as transition zone, it is possible to increase the physical attribute compatibility between layers of copper and steel layer, so as to be effectively improved the interfacial bonding strength of layers of copper and steel layer.
[34] secondly, microalloy layer it is microcosmic it is upper can have wavelike structure, be engaged with being respectively formed pinning in the interface to steel layer and the interface to layers of copper, so as to can also effectively improve the interfacial bonding strength of layers of copper and steel layer.
Specification
[35] Jin mono- Walk, the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of above-mentioned sandwich construction is in itself by with relatively low thermal conductivity, when this causes the refrigeration valve that cold-producing medium stream is made through the copper base-steel bi-metal composite using the sandwich construction, energy loss will be significantly reduced, so that more energy efficient environmental protection.Wherein, the low main cause of the copper base-steel bi-metal heat conductivity of above-mentioned sandwich construction has at following 2 points.
[36] first, as shown in Table 1, the room temperature thermal conductivity of 304 stainless steels only has 14w/ (about the 1/27 of m^, respectively fine copper and about the 1/8 of H62 brass;The room temperature thermal conductivity of 10 carbon steels is slightly higher, is 47w/ (m-k), but also be respectively fine copper about 1/8 and H62 brass about 1/2.Because steel layer material has a relatively low thermal conductivity, and steel layer material accounts for very important ratio in the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of above-mentioned sandwich construction, accounting about 30% ~ 98% on such as thickness, and this can effectively reduce the thermal conductivity of above-mentioned composite.
[37] secondly, in general, the interface of material internal can with thermal resistance, this be probably because：Interface between analog material makes the phon scattering of crystal boundary or interface unordered, rather than the elastic performance and variable density difference between analog material inhibit the shock energy for the heat for passing through interface.The above-mentioned copper base-steel bi-metal composite with sandwich construction contains multiple interfaces, and this reduces the thermal conductivity of copper base-steel bi-metal composite so as to Jin mono- Walk equivalent to multiple additional interface resistances are introduced.Therefore, compared with by the situation of copper steel material simple superposition, the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of sandwich construction will have lower thermal conductivity, for example be about 15w/ (m_k in itself：)〜 90w/(m¾.Wherein, so-called simple superposition refers to that the interface between a kind of perfect condition of hypothesis, i.e. layers of copper material, microalloy layer, steel layer material is desired contact, and additional interface resistance is not present in interlayer.
[38] furthermore, it is necessary to which explanation, the refrigeration valve member being made of the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of above-mentioned sandwich construction can be used for the refrigeration valve of any kind.For example, valve body and/or the adapter of the four-way reversing valve shown in Fig. 3 can be manufactured using the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of above-mentioned sandwich construction.
[39] wherein, four-way reversing valve is mainly in the coolant loop being made up of compressor, condenser, indoor heat converter and outdoor heat converter, the switching for carrying out cooling and warming.As shown in figure 3, four-way reversing valve is mainly made up of magnet coil, pilot valve 3, the three parts of main valve 2.Wherein, main valve 2 includes a columnar valve body 27, and it (is high pressure to have the normal open adapter D being connected with exhaust outlet of compressor thereon
Specification
Area）, the middle position adapter s being connected with compressor air suction mouth (is low-pressure area）The other position adapter E being connected with indoor heat converter, the other position adapter C being connected with outdoor heat converter, there is the sealing of end cap 24 at valve body two ends, internal welding is connected to valve seat 21, sliding block 22 and a pair of pistons 25 that also useful connecting rod 26 is connected, and valve seat and sliding block partner kinematic pair, piston and valve body then constitute another pair kinematic pair, and main valve inner chamber is separated into a left side by piston（E sides）, in, it is right（C sides）Three chambers.Pilot valve 3 includes circular casing 36, and its left end is welded with small valve body 34, and right-hand member, which is welded with, to be welded with the capillary d that is connected with main valve normal open adapter D (therefore pilot valve inner chamber is higher-pressure region on the upside of end socket 39, small valve body）, it is welded with small valve seat 31, small valve seat in lower-side hole and is provided with three step through-holes, and the capillary e/s/c that is connected with main valve left end cap, middle position adapter S and right end cap is respectively welded according to from left to right (therefore s is low-pressure area）Cannula cavity has the core iron 37 that can be horizontally slipped and suppresses the returning spring 38 in its hole, it is connected as a single entity also by rivet, then riveting is fixed on trailing frame 32 and reed 35 in core iron hole together, trailing frame left end has perforate, the cunning bowl 33 that bottom is provided with shrinkage pool is inlaid in the hole, then top pressure is sliding the top of bowl to reed, it, which makes to slide bowl lower surface, is close on small valve base surface, sliding bowl can be slided with core iron/dragging frame component on small valve base surface, sliding bowl constitutes a kinematic pair with small valve seat, its inner chamber（That is capillary s) is low-pressure area, and its back（That is pilot valve inner chamber）For higher-pressure region, therefore sliding bowl subjects the difference force produced therefrom, and the sealing of kinematic pair is mainly realized by the difference force.
[40] to sum up, by introducing, intensity is higher, corrosion resisting property is more excellent and is used as structural support by the welding less steel layer material of Effects of Heat Treatment, the refrigeration valve and its part provided according to the present invention, compared with existing copper refrigeration valve and its part, higher compressive resistance and design pressure can not only be provided, and also because thermal conductivity is significantly reduced and it is more energy efficient, more economical because reducing copper product usage amount.
Embodiment 1
[41] according to one embodiment of the invention, it can select the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of 3-tier architecture to process refrigeration valve member.As shown in figure 1, the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of the 3-tier architecture includes stainless steel layer 110, microalloy layer 120 and layers of copper 130.
[42] wherein, stainless steel layer 110 is located at outer layer as the structural support of whole refrigeration valve member.Such as upper table 1
Specification
Shown, stainless steel has higher intensity compared with copper product and is influenceed smaller by heat treatment is welded, therefore stainless steel layer 110 can effectively lift the design strength of refrigeration valve member, pipe thickness but without increase refrigeration valve member as structural support.
[43] and, because stainless steel layer 110 is located at outer layer, rather than layers of copper 130 is directly exposed in air, being prevented effectively from refrigeration valve member, environmental factor is corroded gets rusty because there was dampness in the air etc., so as to keep the freeze preferable outward appearance of valve member and performance.
[44] in a kind of possible implementation, by elemental compositions such as nickel, chromium, molybdenum, silicon, the titaniums inside stainless steel layer 110 of suitably arranging in pairs or groups, enable to stainless steel layer 110 that there is stronger corrosion resisting property and drawing ability.For example, in a kind of possible specific implementation, the proportion of the oligo-element composition inside stainless steel layer 110 can be respectively nickel 7.0% ~ 15.0%, chromium 14.0% ~ 22.0%, molybdenum 0 ~ 5.0%, silicon 0 ~ 1.5%, titanium 0 ~ 0.8%.
[45] in a kind of possible implementation, the thickness of stainless steel layer 110 can be determined according to the design pressure of the intensity of steel layer, the lumen wall diameter for the valve member that freezes and the valve member that freezes.For example, the thickness of stainless steel layer 110 can be 0.3mm ~ 5mm.
[46] layers of copper 130 is located at internal layer, it is ensured that welding procedure adjusts smaller relative to prior art.Also, because refrigerant is still to be contacted with layers of copper 130, the compatibility issue without considering refrigerant.
[47] in a kind of possible implementation, layers of copper 130 can select fine and close fine copper or copper alloy, such as brass.In the case where layers of copper 130 is from copper alloy, in a kind of possible specific implementation, the proportion of each essential element composition inside layers of copper 130 can be respectively copper 60.0% ~ 98.0%, zinc 0 ~ 40.0%, nickel 0 ~ 30.0%, manganese 0 ~ 15.0%, iron 0 ~ 3.0% etc., to cause layers of copper 130 to have stronger working ability, anti-corrosion capability and refrigerant compatibility.
[48] in a kind of possible implementation, the thickness of layers of copper 130 is about the μ π ι of 20 μ π ι ~ 120.So, when the copper base-steel bi-metal composite processing using the 3-tier architecture freezes valve member, it is ensured that welding procedure, and compatible existing refrigerant.
[49] the microalloy layer 120 based on copper steel is located at stainless steel layer 110 and the centre of layers of copper 130, is mainly used to
Specification
Improve stainless steel layer 110 and the interfacial bonding strength of layers of copper 130.As shown in figure 1, microalloy layer 120 can be in wavy extension in microstructure, to realize that pinning is engaged in the interface to stainless steel layer 110 and the interface to layers of copper 130.In addition, the elemental composition of microalloy layer 120 can change in gradient to stainless steel layer 110 and layers of copper 130 respectively, effectively to alleviate the physical attribute difference between stainless steel layer 110 and layers of copper 130.
[50] in a kind of possible implementation, the thickness of microalloy layer 120 is about the μ π ι of 0.01 μ π ι ~ 5.
[51] in a kind of possible implementation, the outer surface of stainless steel layer 110 in the 3-tier architecture copper base-steel bi-metal composite has relatively low surface roughness, is for example, at least V6 grades, so that the refrigeration valve member being made using the 3-tier architecture copper base-steel bi-metal composite is more attractive in appearance.
[52] in a kind of possible implementation, the outer surface of layers of copper 130 in the 3-tier architecture copper base-steel bi-metal composite has relatively low surface roughness, is for example, at least V6 grades, so that flow resistance during refrigeration valve member of the cold-producing medium stream through being made using the 3-tier architecture copper base-steel bi-metal composite is smaller.
Embodiment 2
[53] according to another embodiment of the present invention, the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of 5 Rotating fields is can select to process refrigeration valve member.As shown in Fig. 2 the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of 5 Rotating fields includes the first layers of copper 210, the first microalloy layer 220, carbon steel layer 230, the second microalloy layer 240 and the second layers of copper 250.Because the price of carbon steel is far below stainless steel, the copper base-steel bi-metal composites of the 5 Rotating fields more cost advantage compared with the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of above-mentioned 3-tier architecture.
[54] wherein, carbon steel layer 230 is located at intermediate layer as the structural support of whole refrigeration valve member.As shown in upper table 1, carbon steel has higher intensity compared with copper product and is influenceed smaller by welding heat treatment, therefore, carbon steel layer 230 can effectively lift the design strength of refrigeration valve member, pipe thickness but without increase refrigeration valve member as structural support.
[55] in a kind of possible implementation, by elemental compositions such as carbon, silicon, the manganese inside carbon steel layer 230 of suitably arranging in pairs or groups, enable to carbon steel layer 230 that there is stronger corrosion resisting property and drawing ability.For example, in a kind of possible specific implementation, the proportion of the oligo-element composition inside carbon steel layer 230 can divide
Specification
Wei not carbon 0.01% ~ 0.20%, silicon 0.10% ~ 1.5%, manganese 0.15% ~ 1.0%.
[56] in a kind of possible implementation, the thickness of carbon steel layer 230 can be determined according to the design pressure of the intensity of steel layer, the lumen wall diameter for the valve member that freezes and the valve member that freezes.For example, the thickness of carbon steel layer 230 can be 0.3mm ~ 5mm.
[57] it is similar with the microalloy layer 120 in the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of 3-tier architecture, first microalloy layer 220 and the second microalloy layer 240 are all based on the microalloy layer of copper steel, mainly to improve the interfacial bonding strength of the layers of copper 210 of carbon steel layer 230 and first and the second layers of copper 250.
[58] as shown in Fig. 2 the first microalloy layer 220 can be in wavy extension in microstructure, to realize that pinning is engaged in the interface to carbon steel layer 230 and the interface to the first layers of copper 210.And, the second microalloy layer 240 also can be in wavy extension in microstructure, to realize that pinning is engaged in the interface to carbon steel layer 230 and the interface to the second layers of copper 250.
[59] in addition, the elemental composition of first microalloy layer 220 changes in gradient to the first layers of copper 210 and carbon steel layer 230 respectively, the elemental composition of second microalloy layer 240 changes in gradient to carbon steel layer 230 with the second layers of copper 250 respectively, effectively to alleviate the physical attribute difference between layers of copper and steel layer.In a kind of possible implementation, the elemental composition of the first microalloy layer 220 and the second microalloy layer 240 can be centrosymmetric relative to carbon steel layer 230.
[60] similar with the layers of copper 130 in the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of 3-tier architecture, the first layers of copper 210 and the second layers of copper 250 can be respectively from fine and close fine copper or copper alloy, such as brass.In the case of from copper alloy, in a kind of possible specific implementation, the proportion of essential element composition inside copper alloy can be respectively copper 60.0% ~ 98.0%, zinc 0 ~ 40.0%, nickel 0 ~ 30.0%, manganese 0 ~ 15.0%, iron 0 ~ 3.0% etc., to cause the first layers of copper 210 and/or the second layers of copper 250 to have stronger working ability, anti-corrosion capability and refrigerant compatibility.
[61] in addition, the second layers of copper 250 is located at internal layer, it is ensured that welding procedure adjusts smaller relative to prior art.Also, because refrigerant is still to be contacted with the second layers of copper 250, without considering the simultaneous of refrigerant
Specification
[62] in a kind of possible implementation, the thickness of the first layers of copper 210 and the second layers of copper 250 can respectively may be about the μ π ι of 20 μ π ι ~ 120.So, when the copper base-steel bi-metal composite processing using 5 Rotating fields freezes valve member, it is ensured that welding procedure adjustment amplitude is smaller, and compatible existing refrigerant.
[63] in a kind of possible implementation, the port for the refrigeration valve member being made of the copper base-steel bi-metal material of above-mentioned 5 Rotating fields forms matcoveredn.Wherein, the port of refrigeration valve member may include for valve body with taking over the internal port being connected, and the outside port being connected for the connecting line with the refrigeration plant such as air-conditioning.Generally, internal port has welded completion before refrigeration valve is dispatched from the factory, and outside port then keeps for refrigeration plant producer to use.In a kind of possible specific implementation; can be by including but is not limited to the fast deposition method of cold spray process, hot spray process, spray deposition, ion plating method etc., the port of the refrigeration valve member being made in the copper base-steel bi-metal material using 5 Rotating fields forms about 20 μ π ι ~ thick 80 μ π ι protective layer.So, due to forming matcoveredn to cover the carbon steel that port is exposed, it can prevent the matrix of carbon steel from slowly producing red rust over time, so that the effectively overall service life of lifting refrigeration valve.In a kind of possible specific implementation; above-mentioned protective layer is preferably layers of copper; not influence the welding procedure for being currently used in manufacture refrigeration valve product to implement; cause that the potential difference between protective layer and refrigeration valve member is as small as possible simultaneously, so as to which the galvanic corrosion caused by potential difference is prevented effectively between protective layer and refrigeration valve member.
Embodiment 3
[64] as described above, the present invention proposes the copper base-steel bi-metal composite using sandwich construction to process refrigeration valve member, wherein：Structural support is used as using steel layer so that the intensity for the refrigeration valve member being processed into is far above existing copper refrigeration valve member, so as to provide higher compressive resistance and design pressure；And, transition zone between steel layer and layers of copper is used as using the microalloy layer based on copper steel, help to improve the interfacial bonding strength of the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of sandwich construction, it is to avoid interlaminar delamination peeling occur, so as to effectively lift the reliability for the refrigeration valve being finally made.
[65] according to one embodiment of the invention, in the design of refrigeration valve and its part, first need to carry out Intensity Design, namely will be according to given nominal diameter, design pressure and maximum operation (service) temperature, design suitable wall thickness, to ensure that refrigeration valve and its piece safety are reliably run, while also meeting the economy of product
Specification
It is required that.In general, the maximum operation (service) temperature of refrigeration valve is 130 °C, needs to consider allowable stress of the material under maximum operation (service) temperature in Intensity Design.
[66] because mainly using steel layer as structural support, layers of copper can be not counted in Strength co-mputation.Also, thin-wall part Intensity Design can generally use following minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) calculation formula：
2σαη - \ 2Ρ
[67] wherein, A represents minimum wall thickness (MINI W.), and unit can be mm (millimeters）.^ represents design pressure, unit can for MPa (MPa）. £>;Internal diameter is represented, unit can be mm.Allowable stress is represented, unit can be MPa.Represent welding coefficient.In the case of using Welding refrigeration valve member, such as will freeze valve body and at least one tube member progress Welding, confirm that solder penetrates into whole joint through examining Check, therefore welding coefficient can be equal to 1.0.
[68] it should be noted that minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) formula during thin-wall part Intensity Design has many modifications.For example, above-mentioned formula 1 is designed from the angle of internal diameter, those skilled in the art should be able to understand, can be also designed from the angle of external diameter, and use the formula being designed from the angle of external diameter.Which kind of in general, no matter it is both needed to include safety coefficient using design formula, during calculating.And, although result of calculation formula used in will slightly difference, but actual difference is little.Therefore, when implementing the present invention, minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) formula should be not limited to above-mentioned formula 1, those skilled in the art can flexibly be selected according to practical application scene and personal design custom completely it is existing known to any minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) formula.
[69] the next thermal conductivity of the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of measurement sandwich construction, and investigate energy saving of the composite relative to copper material according to this.Assuming that corrosion is not present with the layers of copper of refrigerant contact, and regard the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of the sandwich construction used as homogeneous material, then its thermal conductivity A can be drawn by formula below 2：
Λ = ρ·^ ·α(formula 2)
[70] wherein, Α represents thermal conductivity, and unit can be w/ (m.P represents density, and unit can be g/cm3." thermal diffusion coefficient is represented, unit can be mm2/s。 CpSpecific heat capacity is represented, unit can be J/g.K.
Specification
[71] on the copper base-steel bi-metal composite board of the sandwich construction of specific thicknesses, diameter/is intercepted), is 10mm disc-shaped sample.First, the quality of the sample is measured using the measuring instrument such as electronic balance, with reference to the volume of the sample, its density P is calculated.Then, the specific heat capacity of the sample at room temperature is measured using the measuring instrument such as differential scanning calorimeter, and uses such as laser method heat transfer analysis instrument（Can be specially Netzsch (resistance to speed）) etc. LFA427 measuring instrument determines half temperature rise curve at the sample back, calculates obtain the thermal diffusion coefficient of the sample at room temperature accordingly ".Finally, the thermal conductivity A of the sample at room temperature is calculated according to formula 2.
[72] in practical application, also the thermal conductivity of the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of the sandwich construction can quickly and easily be estimated using the estimation algorithm shown in equation below 3.(formula 3)
[73] wherein, Α, represent the thermal conductivity of steel layer, microalloy layer and layers of copper respectively, represent to assume to be not present between layers it is compound and by the thermal conductivity after steel layer, microalloy layer and layers of copper simple superposition,
The thickness of steel layer, microalloy layer and layers of copper is represented respectively.
[74] in addition, as described above, microalloy layer elemental composition can change in gradient to steel layer and layers of copper respectively, and microalloy layer additional thermal resistance interface is formed respectively to steel layer and layers of copper.Therefore, the thermal conductivity of microalloy layer at room temperature also should be between steel layer and the thermal conductivity of layers of copper.However, it is contemplated that the thinner thickness of microalloy layer, the μ π ι of e.g., about 0.01 μ π ι ~ 5, the thickness of microalloy layer can be superimposed and during actual estimation with the thickness of layers of copper according to the estimation in the thermal conductivity progress above-mentioned formula 3 of layers of copper.In other words, also can using the following copper base-steel bi-metal composite that the sandwich construction is more simply and easily estimated as the formula 4 of the modification of formula 3 thermal conductivity.< λ < Χ = ^+ ^ +^ <λ, (formula 4)
L + z2 +
[75] wherein, the thermal conductivity for representing to assume to be not present compound and microalloy layer and layers of copper between layers be close and by the thermal conductivity after steel layer, microalloy layer and layers of copper simple superposition.
Specification
Application examples 1
[76] using 3-tier architecture as shown in Figure 1 copper base-steel bi-metal composite processing refrigeration valve adapter, wherein steel layer 110 is that 304 stainless steels, layers of copper 130 are TP2 copper.Assuming that the design pressure P of the adapter is 4.5MPa, maximum inner diameter /);For 41.5111111,304 stainless steels are in maximum operation (service) temperature, the allowable stress that provides under such as 130 °C is 107^.Calculated through formula 1, with reference to certain safety coefficient, the minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) of the adapter/it is 0.90mm.
[77] based on the minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) 0.90mm calculated, with reference to the deflection of the drawing process of estimation（Reducing thickness）, can select the copper base-steel bi-metal composite strip of the thick 3-tier architectures of 1.3mm.Wherein, the thickness of layers of copper 130 is about 40 μ π！60 μ π ι, the thickness of microalloy layer 120 is about Ο Ι Ι μ π！〜 0.14μπι.
[78] then, design and manufacture mould.The copper base-steel bi-metal composite of the 3-tier architecture thick 1.3mm is punched into after the cake of appropriate size, the cake is processed into by adapter by repeatedly load-unload technique using mould.In general, layers of copper 130 will be with drawing attenuated.For example, in the adapter being finally made, the thickness of layers of copper 130 will be about the μ π ι of 30 μ π ι ~ 50.For the adapter being finally made, after being tested based on above-mentioned formula 2 and the thermal conductivity that calculates is about 27w/ (m, and be about 31w/ (m based on the thermal conductivity that above-mentioned formula 3 is estimated., it is apparent that estimated value is than actual test and the value that calculates is slightly higher.This may be primarily due to：In test process, although pulsed laser energy is perpendicular to specimen surface（Through-thickness）Apply, to ensure final most of heat transfer to the sample back side, but still there is minor heat to lose, so that thermal diffusion coefficient test result is more relatively low than actual value.
[79] hereafter, in continuous tunnel furnace, using without silver brazing by the adapter with valve body by being welded to connect.Due to selecting appropriate technological parameter, the weld strength without silver brazing is high, and thermal cycling test shows that each layering of adapter section is firmly combined with.For example, it is assumed that a circulation of thermal cycling test is included in 300 °C and is incubated 12 minutes, and room temperature is reduced in air-cooled 3 minutes by aerofoil fan.After 60 circulate, the microstructure of the adapter section is still without delamination, i.e. each be layered still is firmly combined with.
[80] compare in contrast, according to TP2 copper pipes, then the minimum thickness of layers of copper about 2.8mm, the usage amount of copper product is substantially much higher.As can be seen here, using the copper base-steel bi-metal composite wood of 3-tier architecture as shown in Figure 1
Specification
Material, can substantially reduce the usage amount of copper product, so that the cost of raw material of refrigeration valve is greatly reduced, with larger economy.
Application examples 2
[81] adapter is processed using the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of 5 Rotating fields as shown in Figure 2, wherein carbon steel layer 230 is 10 carbon steels, and the first layers of copper 210 and the second layers of copper 250 are TP2 copper.Assuming that the design pressure p of the adapter is 4.5MPa, maximum inner diameter ￡>;For 34.9111111,10 carbon steels are in maximum operation (service) temperature, the allowable stress that provides under such as 130 °C is 118^.Calculated through formula 1, with reference to certain safety coefficient, the minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) of the adapterFor 0.79mm.
[82] based on the minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) 0.79mm calculated, with reference to the deflection of the drawing process of estimation（Reducing thickness）, can select the copper base-steel bi-metal composite strip of 5 thick Rotating fields of 1.1mm.Wherein, the thickness of the first layers of copper 210 and the second layers of copper 250 can respectively may be about the μ π ι of 40 μ π ι ~ 60, and the thickness of the first microalloy layer 220 and the second microalloy layer 240 can respectively may be about the μ π ι of 0.16 μ π ι ~ 0.24.
[83] then, design and manufacture mould.The copper base-steel bi-metal composite of 5 thick 1.1mm Rotating fields is punched into after the cake of appropriate size, the cake is processed into by adapter by repeatedly load-unload technique using mould.In general, the first layers of copper 210 and the second layers of copper 250 will be with drawing attenuated.For example, in the adapter being finally made, the thickness of the first layers of copper 210 and the second layers of copper 250 will respectively may be about the μ π ι of 30 μ π ι ~ 50.For the adapter being finally made, the thermal conductivity tested and calculated based on above-mentioned formula 2 is about 76w/ (m, and be about 83w/ (m based on the thermal conductivity that above-mentioned formula 3 is estimated., it is apparent that similar with application examples 1, estimated value is than actual test and the value that calculates is slightly higher.This may be primarily due to：In test process, although pulsed laser energy is perpendicular to specimen surface（Through-thickness）Apply, to ensure final most of heat transfer to the sample back side, but still there is minor heat to lose, so that thermal diffusion coefficient test result is more relatively low than actual value.
[84] hereafter, in continuous tunnel furnace, using without silver brazing by the adapter with valve body by being welded to connect.Due to selecting suitable technological parameter, weld strength is high after this is implemented without silver brazing, and thermal cycling test also indicates that each layering of adapter section is firmly combined with.For example, it is assumed that a circulation of thermal cycling test is included in
Specification
300 °C are incubated 12 minutes, and are reduced to room temperature within air-cooled 3 minutes by aerofoil fan.After 60 circulate, the microstructure of the adapter section is still without delamination, i.e. each be layered still is firmly combined with.
[85] compare in contrast, if using TP2 copper pipes completely, the minimum thickness about 2.4mm of layers of copper, the usage amount of copper product is substantially much higher.As can be seen here, refrigeration valve member is processed using the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of 5 Rotating fields as shown in Figure 2, the usage amount of copper product can be substantially reduced, so that the cost of raw material of refrigeration valve is greatly reduced, with larger economy.
[86] it is described above; only embodiment of the invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in; change or replacement can be readily occurred in, should be all included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the described claims.
Practicality
[87] refrigeration valve member, refrigeration valve and its manufacture method based on sandwich construction copper base-steel bi-metal composite provided according to embodiments of the present invention, it can be applied to electrical apparatus industry field of machining and machinebuilding technology, the refrigeration system being particularly suitable for use in such as air-conditioning, the compressive resistance and design pressure of refrigeration valve can be effectively lifted, does not increase but or even the manufacturing cost of refrigeration valve can be reduced.
Claims (16)
- Claims1st, a kind of refrigeration valve member, is adapter or the valve body of refrigeration valve, it is characterised in that be made up of the copper base-steel bi-metal composite of sandwich construction, and the copper base-steel bi-metal composite includes：First layers of copper, its by with flow through it is described refrigeration valve member refrigerant contact；Steel layer, it is the structural support of the refrigeration valve member；AndThe first microalloy layer based on copper steel, it is located between first layers of copper and the steel layer.2nd, refrigeration valve member according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the steel layer is stainless steel.3rd, refrigeration valve member according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the steel layer is carbon steel.4th, refrigeration valve member according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the port of the refrigeration valve member forms matcoveredn.5th, refrigeration valve member according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the protective layer is copper protective layer.6th, refrigeration valve member according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the thickness of the copper protective layer is 20 μ π！〜 80μπι.7th, refrigeration valve member according to any one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that, the copper base-steel bi-metal composite also includes the second layers of copper and the second microalloy layer based on copper steel, and second microalloy layer is located between the steel layer and second layers of copper.8th, refrigeration valve member according to claim 7, it is characterised in that first layers of copper and/or second layers of copper are fine copper or copper alloy.9th, refrigeration valve member according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the thickness of first layers of copper and/or second layers of copper is the μ π ι of 20 μ π ι ~ 120.10th, refrigeration valve member according to claim 7, it is characterised in thatThe first microalloy layer is in wavy extension between first layers of copper and the steel layer；And/orThe second microalloy layer is in wavy extension between second layers of copper and the steel layer.11st, refrigeration valve member according to claim 7, it is characterised in that ClaimsThe elemental composition of the first microalloy layer changes in gradient to first layers of copper and the steel layer respectively；And/orThe elemental composition of second microalloy layer respectively to described the and layers of copper changes in gradient with the steel layer.12nd, refrigeration valve member according to claim 11, it is characterised in that the elemental composition of the first microalloy layer and second microalloy layer is centrosymmetric relative to the steel layer.13rd, refrigeration valve member according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the thickness of first microalloy layer and/or second microalloy layer is the μ π ι of 0.01 μ π ι ~ 5.14th, a kind of refrigeration valve, including a valve body and at least one adapter, it is characterised in that at least one part in the valve body and at least one described adapter is the refrigeration valve member according to any one of claim 1 to 13.15th, a kind of manufacture method of refrigeration valve, for manufacturing the refrigeration Fujian according to claim 14, it is characterised in that including：Nominal diameter, design pressure and maximum operation (service) temperature based on the refrigeration valve, calculate the minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) of the refrigeration valve member；Based on the minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) calculated, with reference to the machining deformation amount estimated, from the appropriate copper base-steel bi-metal composite of thickness；Using Sheet Metal Forming Technology by the copper base-steel bi-metal composite processing into the refrigeration valve member；And by welding procedure by it is described refrigeration valve member with it is other refrigeration valve members connect into the refrigeration valve.16th, manufacture method according to claim 15, it is characterised in that the repeatedly load-unload technique that the Sheet Metal Forming Technology is carried out using mould.17th, manufacture method according to claim 15, it is characterised in that the welding procedure is included in being welded without silver brazing for the interior progress of continuous tunnel furnace.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN109622347A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-16 | 浙江清华柔性电子技术研究院 | Flexible MEMS ultrasonic transducer and preparation method thereof |
| CN109671796A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-23 | 浙江清华柔性电子技术研究院 | Flexible blind type ultraviolet light detector and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109671796A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-23 | 浙江清华柔性电子技术研究院 | Flexible blind type ultraviolet light detector and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105247258B (en) | 2017-11-28 |
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