CN105245562A - Method for operating a cache arranged along a transmission path between client terminals and at least one server, and corresponding cache - Google Patents

Method for operating a cache arranged along a transmission path between client terminals and at least one server, and corresponding cache Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105245562A
CN105245562A CN201510387236.XA CN201510387236A CN105245562A CN 105245562 A CN105245562 A CN 105245562A CN 201510387236 A CN201510387236 A CN 201510387236A CN 105245562 A CN105245562 A CN 105245562A
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China
Prior art keywords
expression
cache
represent
request
segmentation
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CN201510387236.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
雷米·乌达耶
沙利纳(古根)·塔比
斯蒂芬妮·古阿什
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InterDigital CE Patent Holdings SAS
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Thomson Licensing SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/80—Responding to QoS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/61—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
    • H04L65/612—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for unicast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/65—Network streaming protocols, e.g. real-time transport protocol [RTP] or real-time control protocol [RTCP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
    • H04L65/765—Media network packet handling intermediate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/568—Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/568—Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
    • H04L67/5681—Pre-fetching or pre-delivering data based on network characteristics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/568—Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
    • H04L67/5682—Policies or rules for updating, deleting or replacing the stored data

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Cache (DANE) arranged between client terminals and at least one server, said cache (DANE) being configured to receive, from client terminals, requests for at least a first representation of a segment of a multimedia content available at several representations, comprising: - a communication module (10) configured to receiving, in a first period of time, a plurality of requests for a given segment from the client terminals, each request specifying one first representation and at least one alternative representation of said given segment; - a module of relevancy (15) configured to determining at least one main relevant requested representation amongst the representations of the requests received during the first period of time; and wherein the communication module (10) is further configured to request said main relevant representation from a remote server.

Description

The operation method of Cache and the Cache of correspondence
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to the self adaptation flow transmission technical field by such as but not exclusively HTTP (HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)), be specifically related to the operation to the high-speed cache arranged along the transmission path between client terminal and remote server.
Background technology
This section is intended to the various aspects introducing correlation technique to reader, and these aspects can be relevant to following description and/or claimed various aspects of the present invention.Believe that this discussion contributes to reader with background's information, so that understand various aspects of the present invention better.Therefore, should be appreciated that these statements should be read accordingly, and not as the accreditation to prior art.
The major technique of multimedia content delivery is become rapidly by the self adaptation flow transmission (switching or HAS also referred to as multiple bit rate) of HTTP.In the HTTP self adaptation flow host-host protocol used, foremost is transmit (HLS) from the HTTP situ flow of Apple, the level and smooth flow transmission of Silverlight from Microsoft (SSS), the Adobe dynamic flow from Adobe transmits (ADS), 3GPP and MPEG develops dynamic self-adapting flow transmission (DASH) (being standardized as ISO/IEC23009-1:2012) by HTTP.
When client terminal wishes mode playback of audio-visual content (or A/V content) with self adaptation flow transmission, first must obtain describing the file that how can obtain this A/V content.Usually this carries out via http protocol by obtaining description document (so-called inventory (manifest)) from URL (URL(uniform resource locator)), but also can pass through alternate manner (such as, broadcast, Email, SMS etc.) to realize.In advance produce and by remote server be sent to the inventory of client terminal substantially (in bit rate, resolution and other attribute) list the available expression (also referred to as example or version) of this A/V content.Represent and be associated with given quality scale (bit rate).
The segmentation (segment) (also referred to as piecemeal (chunk)) (being may have access to by the URL be separated) of duration such as the overall data stream of each expression to be divided into, these segmentations are configured such that client terminal can be switched to another quality scale from a quality scale smoothly between two segmentations.Therefore, video quality can change when playing, and interrupts hardly (also referred to as freezing).
At client-side, segmentation is selected in the measurement based on the available bandwidth of transmission path.Particularly, client terminal asks corresponding with the bit rate coding meeting measured bandwidth and therefore corresponding with the quality meeting measured bandwidth segmentation to represent usually.
When Cache is along transmission path between client terminal and remote server, an expression of given segmentation can store in the cache in a case where: another client has previously requested the same segment with identical expression, or content transmission network (CDN) has supplied this segmentation in the cache.Therefore, with segmentation from remote server situation compared with, faster to the response of the HTTP request for described given segmentation, and can avoid repeating transmission, effectively save network and server resource.
But, HTTP self adaptation flow transmission seem be not Cache friendly (or, compared with at least substantially switching (layeredbaseswitching) with the so-called layering about example H264-SVC, Cache friendly is poor).Really, if the expression R1 of the given segmentation of the first subscriber terminal requests, second client terminal (sharing a part and the Cache of transmission path with described first client terminal) (according to better quality or comparatively low quality) asks the expression R2 of described given segmentation, then Cache miss, cause load on the network segment between Cache and server higher, exist and cause congested risk.Then completely eliminate the advantage of high-speed cache, and Cache is current can not improve this situation.
In order to overcome this defect, known customer terminal can send the request for the given segmentation comprising the first (also referred to as preferably) expression and one or several alternative expression.When such request arrives HAS perception Cache (HASawarecache) (meaning that described Cache meets the HAS agreements such as such as MPEG-DASH), described Cache first transmits first when representing at high-speed cache and represents, or browses alternative expression when non-high-speed cache first represents.When high-speed cache, alternative expression for the moment, and Cache sends described alternative expression to client terminal.When first and alternative expression of current request are not all cached, forwarded upstream request.
But the expression stored in the cache is determined by request before.If the first subscriber terminal requests has represent the segmentation of R, then ask same segment and specify to represent that first (or preferred) that in fact R can receive as the subsequent clients terminal of alternative expression the request representing R instead of correspondence represents.Because subsequent client request is considered as being processed by Cache, thus other performance of segmentation can not be loaded into Cache (unless when do not allow R as some client terminal requests when alternative expression to first represent carry out high-speed cache).If represent that R is that low quality represents (such as because start to ask the first client terminal of given segmentation itself to experienced by bad network condition, and ask the expression of minimum quality), when resource and network condition can allow process better quality, all or most of client terminal can play low quality video.
Therefore, the first client terminal of given segmentation is asked can to affect by Cache to the response (and then affecting quality) of asking the subsequent clients terminal of same segment to provide.Thus, if the first client terminal does not represent the demand of most of client terminal unfortunately, then in the impact of described most of terminal by the request and behavior that are subject to the first client terminal.
The present invention overcome at least above-mentioned shortcoming.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to the method for operating in the Cache arranged between client terminal and at least one server, described Cache is configured at least the first request represented receiving the segmentation for content of multimedia from client terminal, described content of multimedia represents available with multiple
Described method comprises:
-in first time period, receiving the multiple requests for given segmentation from client terminal, each request specifies one first of described given segmentation to represent and at least one alternative expression;
-from the expression of the request received during first time period, determine that at least one asked principal phase is closed represent;
-close expression from the described principal phase of the given segmentation of remote server request.
In an embodiment consistent with the present invention, determine that asked principal phase is closed the step represented and comprised:
-determine first time period during the relevance scores of each expression of described given segmentation of specifying in the request that receives;
-selecting to have most high correlation divides numerical representation to close as the principal phase of described given segmentation to represent.
Particularly, with described given segmentation ask to represent that the relevance scores be associated can correspond to institute's required list and be shown in appointed number of times in the described request received by Cache.
Therefore, due to embodiments of the invention, high-speed cache can consider the statistics about client-requested, so that the client terminal to maximum number provides the overall more good quality of such as content of multimedia (such as A/V content), and keep the content that provides from Cache itself at high proportion simultaneously.
In the other side of described embodiment, each expression of the request of reception has priority level, and represent that requested number of times can by factor I weighting, described factor I depends on the priority level of described expression.
In the another aspect of described embodiment, described method can comprise:
-determine whether there is and do not ask principal phase to close expression as the first expression or all the other client terminals one or more as alternative expression;
-set up the list of the expression that described all the other client terminals one or more have been asked;
-the most auxiliary relevant expression of set up list is determined based on the mark of correlation, and relevantly to represent to auxiliary described in server request.
In addition, described method can also comprise when the described principal phase pass expression of next segmentation is not stored in described high-speed cache, closes represent from the described principal phase of the next segmentation of remote server request.
Described embodiment another in, method can also comprise:
-within the second time period, subtend client terminal sends each the number of times of expression of ask stored in the cache and counts, to obtain the hit mark represented for each request, as first represent send to the institute of client terminal ask the counting mode of expression be different from as alternative expression transmission ask the counting mode of expression;
-at least delete have minimum hit mark store expression.
In addition, first time period can start from given time, and terminates when Cache receives the request of predefine number from client.
The invention still further relates to the Cache arranged between client terminal and at least one server, described Cache is configured at least the first request represented receiving the segmentation for content of multimedia from client terminal, and described content of multimedia represents available with multiple.Described Cache comprises:
-communication module, is configured in first time period, receives the multiple requests for given segmentation from client terminal, and each request specifies one first of described given segmentation to represent and at least one alternative expression;
-correlation module, is configured to determine the expression of the request received during first time period that at least one asked principal phase is closed and represents;
And wherein, communication module is also configured to close to principal phase described in remote server request represent.
In an embodiment consistent with the present invention, described Cache also comprises:
-scoring module, is configured to the relevance scores of each expression of the described given segmentation of specifying in the request determining to receive during first time period;
-select module, be configured to select to have most high correlation and divide numerical representation to close as the principal phase of described given segmentation to represent;
Particularly, scoring module comprises at least one first counter, described first counter is configured to determine that each institute required list is shown in appointed number of times in the request that Cache receives, and described number of times corresponds to asks to represent the relevance scores be associated with described.
In the another aspect of described embodiment, each expression of the request of reception has priority level, and scoring module can also be configured to be weighted the requested number of times of expression by factor I, and described factor I depends on the priority level of described expression.
In addition, correlation module can also be configured to:
-determine whether there is and do not ask principal phase to close expression as the first expression or all the other client terminals one or more as alternative expression;
-set up the list of the expression that described all the other client terminals one or more have been asked;
-the most auxiliary relevant expression of set up list is determined based on the mark of correlation, and relevantly to represent to auxiliary described in server request.
In addition, communication module is also configured to, when the described principal phase pass expression of next segmentation is not stored in described high-speed cache, closes represent from the described principal phase of the next segmentation of remote server request.
In the another aspect of described embodiment, described Cache can also comprise:
-the second counter, be configured within the second time period subtend client terminal send stored in the cache each and ask the number of times of expression to count, and obtain for each hit mark of ask to represent, as first represent send to the institute of client terminal ask the counting mode represented be different from as alternative expression transmission ask the counting mode of expression;
-remove module, be configured at least delete have minimum hit mark store expression.
In example according to the invention, described Cache is HTTP self adaptation flow transmission perception Cache.
The invention still further relates to can from downloaded and/or record on a computer-readable medium and/or the computer program that can be performed by processor, described computer program comprises the code instructions of the step for realizing said method.
In addition, the invention still further relates to non-transitory computer-readable medium, described non-transitory computer-readable medium comprises record and the computer program that can be run by processor thereon, and described computer program comprises the code instructions of the step for realizing said method.
The particular aspects that the scope that set forth below is suitable with disclosed embodiment.Should be appreciated that and propose these aspects only in order to the brief overview of some forms of providing to reader the present invention to adopt, and these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.In fact, the present invention can contain the following many aspects do not described in detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
With reference to accompanying drawing, by following examples with perform example and understand better in a non limiting manner and illustrate the present invention, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that can realize client-sever network framework of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the client terminal example according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of the intelligent cache device example according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 shows the flow chart of method for operating the intelligent cache device of Fig. 3 according to described embodiment.
In Fig. 1 is to 4, the frame presented is pure function entity, need not correspond to physically separated entity.That is, these frames can be developed with the form of software, hardware, or realize in the one or more integrated circuits comprising one or more processor.
As possible, running through accompanying drawing uses same reference numerals to refer to identical or like.
Embodiment
Should be understood that, simplified accompanying drawing of the present invention and description, to illustrate to understand the relevant element of the present invention with clear, simultaneously in order to know object, eliminating other elements many existed in Typical Digital multimedia content delivery method and system.
According to specific embodiment, about HTTP self adaptation flow host-host protocol (or HAS), and especially in regard to MPEG-DASH, the present invention is described.Certainly, the invention is not restricted to this specific environment, can certainly consider and realize other self adaptation flow host-host protocol.
As shown in Figure 1, what one or more network N (present only in the accompanying drawings) was supported can realize client-sever network framework of the present invention comprises multiple client terminal CT, one or more http server SE, multiple intelligent cache device DANE and one or more succession Cache RNE.According to DASH, such server S E is called after source of media (MediaOrigin) also.Such as, server S E generation media present description (or MPD), i.e. so-called inventory.This is the source of contents distribution: content of multimedia can be derived from some external entities, and converts HAS form at source of media place.
Intelligent cache device DANE is the cache element in network N, is configured to understand transfer HAS content.Use MPEG-DASH term, intelligent cache device is considered as DASH aware network element (DANE).
Succession Cache RNE is the cache element in network N, does not know the data type wherein passed through, or does not at least understand HAS aspect.In MPEG-DASH term, succession Cache is considered as regular network element (RNE).
Client terminal CT wishes to obtain content of multimedia from one of http server SE.Described content of multimedia is divided into multiple segmentation.Suppose that content of multimedia sentences different expression at server S E available.When client-requested, http server SE can connect use HTTP self adaptation flow host-host protocol, by segmentation flow transmission to client terminal CT by one or more TCP/IP.
Each client terminal CT can be portable media device, mobile phone, flat board or portable computer, television set, Set Top Box, game station or integrated circuit.Certainly, client terminal CT may not comprise complete video player, and only comprises some sub-elements, such as, for the sub-element to media content demultiplexing and decoding, and may depend on external device (ED) and shows decode content to terminal use.In this case, client terminal CT is HAS perception Video Decoder, such as, and Set Top Box.
As shown in Figure 2, client terminal CT at least comprises:
-one or more connecting interface 1 (wired and/or wireless, such as, WiFi, Ethernet, ADSL, wired, mobile and/or broadcast (such as, DVB, ATSC) interface);
-communication module 2, comprises the protocol stack communicated with http server SE.Particularly, communication module 2 comprises TCP/IP stack well known in the art.Certainly, can be network and/or the communicator of any other type, client terminal CT can be communicated with http server SE;
-self adaptation flow transmission module 3, receives HTTP flow transmission content of multimedia from http server SE.Self adaptation flow transmission module 3 constantly selects the bit rate segmentation that matching network retrains and himself retrains better;
-video player 4, is suitable for decoding to content of multimedia and playing up;
-one or more processor 5, for performing the application and program that store in the nonvolatile memory of client terminal CT;
-storage device 6, such as, volatile memory, for cushion from http server SE receive segmentation, afterwards by these segment transmissions to video player 4;
-bandwidth estimator 7, is configured to the bandwidth of transmission path estimation;
-select module 8, be configured to the set of allowing expression determining that client terminal CT may ask.Select to allow expression in the available expression (listed in as association inventory) of the given segmentation of content of multimedia.Particularly, to allowing of given segmentation, module 8 represents that the determination of gathering can based on one or more performance criteria (Quality of experience etc. that the expression of such as, estimated bandwidth, the ability of client terminal, previously institute's demand staging, the terminal use of client terminal CT need);
-internal bus B, connects each module and well known to a person skilled in the art all devices for performing common customer termination function.
As shown in Figure 3, comprise according to the intelligent cache device DANE of described embodiment:
-one or more connecting interface 9 (wired and/or wireless);
-communication module 10, comprise and carry out by connecting interface 9 protocol stack that communicates, particularly, communication module can comprise Internet protocol stack, famous IP stack;
-memory module 11, such as, volatile memory and/or permanent memory, for storing the segmentation of the content of multimedia received from one or more server S E, to be sent to the client terminal CT asking this content of multimedia by segmentation;
-one or more processor 12, performs the application and program that are such as stored in memory module 11;
-control module 13, be formed as checking intelligent cache device DANE whether in the request (being sent by client terminal CT) that represents of high-speed cache request first (or preferred) first represent or an alternative expression when not having high-speed cache first to represent whether in high-speed cache list;
-browse module 14, being suitable for when not having high-speed cache first to represent, browsing alternative expression listed in the request of client terminal CT transmission according to preferred sequence.In modification, control module and browse module and can define an only module;
-internal bus B1, connects each module, processing unit and well known to a person skilled in the art all devices for performing general residential gateway function.
Hereinafter, assuming that given client terminal CT sends request in network N, to obtain the given segmentation of content of multimedia.Each request specifies first of described given segmentation to represent and one or more alternative expression, when first represents when the intelligent cache device DANE place receiving request is unavailable, browses this one or more alternative expression according to priority level.Really, priority level is associated with each expression of specifying in the request sent by client terminal CT, first (or preferably) represent that there is the highest priority level.As distortion or as a supplement, priority level is implied by the list of the expression of specifying in each request to be provided.Certainly, intelligent cache device DANE can also receive when not specifying any alternative expression only for some requests that first (or preferred) represents.
According to described embodiment, communication module 10 is also configured in first time period (by connecting interface 9) and receives multiple requests for given segmentation from client (CT).Described first time period can be such as periodically trigger or the given request for affiliated segmentation reception period (such as when the statement of described segmentation is not loaded in intelligent cache device DANE for described segmentation first request).In addition, such as described first time period can start from given time, and terminates from when the predefine amount requests of client or the given expression of the predefine number of described segmentation when intelligent cache device DANE have received.Other supplement in, described first time period can also be limited by the upper limit (such as a few microsecond), and preferably, the described upper limit can be less than the normal time delay for obtaining content from remote server SE.In modification, first time period can only be limited by constant value (such as a few microsecond).
In addition, the intelligent cache device DANE of Fig. 3 also comprises:
-correlation module 15, is configured to determine all expressions of the request received by intelligent cache device DANE during first time period that at least one asked principal phase is closed and represents.
-scoring module 16, the relevance scores of each expression of the given segmentation of specifying in the request received during being configured to determine first time period.For this reason, scoring module 16 can comprise the first counter 16A, described first counter be suitable for ask to represent that in the request that (expression namely appearing at the given segmentation at least one request received in first time period) receives at intelligent cache device DANE, appointed number of times counts.This number of times determined correspond to given segmentation ask to represent the relevance scores be associated.In the improvement of described preferred embodiment, each expression of the request of reception has priority level, and scoring module 16 can also be configured to use the priority factors of the priority level depending on described expression to be weighted the number of times that the request calculated represents.Therefore, ask to represent that the relevance scores be associated considers its priority level in each request with each.Certainly, in modification, the number of times of counting can use weighted factor to carry out weighting, its different and priority level of expression independent of correspondence.In improvement, at the end of first time period before reaching the predefine number from the request of client, the weighted average between the relevance scores that scoring module 16 can use the relevance scores calculated similarly for segmentation before to produce to obtain for given current fragment and segmentation before.The number that weighted value can be asked with client is proportional.Such improvement can take into account correlation before understanding, to prevent the impact compared with small set being subject to the early stage client that low quality can be asked to represent;
-select module 17, be configured to compare to given segmentation ask to represent the relevance scores of relevant acquisition.Described selection module is also configured to select to have relevance scores is the highest in the various marks obtained institute's required list principal phase be shown as given segmentation and closes and represent.
In the illustrated embodiment, correlation module 15, scoring module 16 and select module 17 to be different, and in the modification do not illustrated at accompanying drawing, these three modules can combine to form single module.In modification, select module 17 can be integrated in correlation module 15.
Once the highest relevance scores is selected by selection module 17, and be considered as principal phase by correlation module 15 and close expression, so communication module 10 is also configured to ask described relevant expression from remote server SE, and described relevant expression is not stored in the memory module 11 of described intelligent cache device DANE.
Now, the principal phase pass expression of selection is suitable for a large amount of client terminal CT.But, institute due to client terminal instruction in the request of client terminal ask expression not need between all client terminal CT overlap, so principal phase is closed represent that the subset of client terminal for considering can be unacceptable, the subset of the client terminal of described consideration is hereinafter called as all the other client terminals CT (namely do not ask principal phase to be closed represent as preferably expression or the client terminal CT as alternative expression).For these all the other client terminals, intelligent cache device DANE can download one or more additional representation (except the relevant expression selected) to meet the request of all the other client terminals described from server S E.
For this reason, minimize to make the number of such additional representation and make to meet maximization, correlation module 15 is also configured to:
-determine whether there is and do not ask principal phase to close expression as the first expression or at least one all the other client terminal CT as alternative expression;
-set up the list of the expression that at least one all the other client terminal CT has asked;
-the relevance scores that calculated based on scoring module 16, determines the maximally related expression (relevantly representing hereinafter referred to auxiliary) of the list of setting up.Then, the communication module 10 of intelligent cache device DANE can ask this auxiliary relevant expression;
-check can provide service to all the other client terminals CT by this auxiliary relevant expression.If can not, then correlation module 15 upgrades list and determines the most relevant new as previously indicated expression.When list for (there is not all the other client terminals CT, all requesting client can provide service by intelligent cache device DANE) process time empty stops.
For all client terminal CT that should be provided service, when determining some relevant expressions (principal phase is closed and represented and one or more auxiliary expression), send to the expression of each client terminal CT can according to its priority level by the communication module 10 of intelligent cache device DANE list from respective request ask to represent in select (when auxiliary relevant represent have than principal phase close one of to represent higher priority level, can to client terminal CT send auxiliary relevant represent instead of send principal phase close represent).
In modification, select module 17 can also be configured to selection and have secondary high correlation and divide numerical representation as auxiliary relevant expression, described time high correlation mark is calculated by scoring module 16.In this case, communication module 10 can also be configured to from the described auxiliary relevant expression of server S E request.
Should be understood that, according to the embodiment described, for each expression of the request received by intelligent cache device DANE during first time period, calculate relevance scores, described request is not stored in the memory module 11 of intelligent cache device DANE.When at least the first or alternative expression of given segmentation afterwards store, (described expression is specified during first time period in the request of client terminal CT transmission, and received by intelligent cache device DANE), then intelligent cache device DANE sends the expression of described storage to client terminal.Preferably, relevance scores can not be calculated for the expression of any storage, but other of request represents that (if present) is for determining the corresponding relevance scores represented.
In the modification of described embodiment, when receiving corresponding requests afterwards, can also for be stored in intelligent cache device DANE ask expression to calculate relevance scores.
In addition, in the improvement that described embodiment is other, communication module 10 can also be configured to, when the described principal phase for next segmentation (namely having the segmentation of time relationship with given segmentation) is closed in the memory module 11 representing and be not stored in described intelligent cache device DANE, ask the described principal phase for next segmentation to be closed from remote server SE and represent.
This can allow intelligent cache device DANE forecast demand, and can allow even any client terminal CT request have current be chosen as the next segmentation of the relevant expression represented before load this next segmentation.
In addition, when intelligent cache device DANE reaches its maximum storage capacity, described intelligent cache device must manage how to remove content, so that can the new content of high-speed cache.This can by evicting algorithm to perform, described in evict algorithm from and remove again the less content of requested chance.Known algorithm of evicting from relies on the date of the last cache hit of content or the frequency of cache hit content usually.In both cases, during the time period limited, without any the content of request, there is the comparatively high likelihood removed from Cache.
According to the present embodiment, the cache hit (when sending to client terminal CT the expression be stored in described intelligent cache device DANE, obtaining cache hit) of two types can be identified as:
-when client terminal has received first (or preferred) expression of specifying in its request from intelligent cache device DANE, reach the cache hit of the first kind;
-when client terminal has received the alternative expression of specifying in its request from intelligent cache device DANE, reach the cache hit of Second Type.
Particularly, intelligent cache device DANE is also equipped with and evicts module 18 from, described in evict module from and comprise:
-the second counter 18A, is configured within the second time period subtend client terminal CT and sends be stored in intelligent cache device DANE each and ask the number of times of expression to count.More specifically, use the first weight to be weighted first kind cache hit, and use the second weight to be weighted Second Type cache hit.In other words, the second counter 18A is distinguished the first kind and Second Type cache hit, and differently counts them.
-remove module 18B, to be configured to from memory module 11 at least delete and there is minimum hit to divide numerical representation.
Therefore, intelligent cache device DANE is configured to be counted cache hit by the mode different from more traditional situation.For given segmentation, count the first and second type cache hits with weight, this can allow the hit facilitating first (or preferred) for described segmentation to represent according to the hit for alternative expression.Can adjust weighted factor according to various system requirements.
In other improves, evict module 18 from and can consider the time variations of content towards the popularization of client terminal CT.Calculated the cache hit of the weighting of the expression for each storage by the second counter 18A in effective time section T.The hit mark of the expression of each storage is kept for a K number time period T.Time period T new each time completes, and just adds the hit mark of the expression of storage to mark list, and remove the oldest mark from described list.This allows on the sliding window of duration K*T, utilize the weighted average of hit mark to calculate the following criterion c of expression of each storage:
c = Σ p = 1 p = K w e i g h t [ p ] × s c o r e [ p ]
Wherein:
-p represents the index (p is higher, and the time period T corresponded to is nearer) of time period T in list;
-score [p] is the correspondence hit mark of the expression of given storage;
-weight [p] is the number along with p increases, and allows the importance associated of regulation time section.Weight [p] can be affine function (such as weight [p]=p) or other monotonic function (such as p any simply 2, √ p, log (p) etc.).
Compared to old request, this improvement can provide larger importance to the nearest request represented.Such as, during life event, request concentrates on Current Content naturally (may have the time delay that some are little), and no longer notes older content.
As shown in Figure 4, according to described specific embodiment, intelligent cache device DANE is configured to realize following machine-processed M, and described machine-processed M comprises the following steps:
-in the first time period such as limited before, receive (step S1) multiple HTTP request for given segmentation from different client terminal CT.Each HTTP request specifies one first to represent and an alternative expression list, when the intelligent cache device DANE receiving request does not have high-speed cache first to represent, can ask described alternative expression.Alternative expression can be listed by priority level or by preferred sequence;
-check first of (step S2) each request represents whether be stored in the memory module 11 of intelligent cache device DANE, and, if first represents by intelligent cache device DANE high-speed cache, then to corresponding client terminal CT transmit comprise ask first to represent response;
-when first represent be not cached, with preferred sequence (such as alternatively represent less desirable from what expect most and alternatively to represent) or browse with priority level (if present) alternative that (step S3) list in the request and represent;
-with preferred sequence (or with priority level) check that (step S4) asks alternative represent at least one whether be stored in the memory module 9 of intelligent cache device DANE;
-transmit (step S5) response to each corresponding client terminal CT, described response comprises during each corresponding client terminal CTD asks the described alternative expression of the segmentation of specifying, and described request is by intelligent cache device DANE high-speed cache;
-determine the relevance scores of each expression of described segmentation of specifying in (step S6) request, described request receives during first time period, but is not stored in the memory module 11 of intelligent cache device DANE.With described segmentation ask to represent that the relevance scores be associated corresponds to institute's required list and is shown in appointed number of times in the request that intelligent cache device DANE receives.In improvement, each expression of the request of reception has priority level, represents that requested number of times carrys out weighting by the factor I of the priority level depending on described expression;
-select (step S7) to have most high correlation to divide numerical representation to close as the principal phase of described segmentation to represent;
-when the expression of principal phase pass is not stored in described intelligent cache device DANE, ask the principal phase of (step S8) given segmentation to be closed from remote server SE and represent.
In addition, machine-processed M can also comprise: when the expression of principal phase pass is not stored in described intelligent cache device DANE, ask (step S9) for the described main relative request of next segmentation after given segmentation from remote server SE.
In addition, machine-processed M can also comprise:
-determine whether (step S10) exists not ask principal phase to close expression as the first expression or all the other client terminals CT as alternative expression;
-if present, set up the list of the expression of (step S11) at least one all the other client terminal CT request;
-the relevance scores that calculated based on scoring module 16 determines the most relevant expression (relevantly representing hereinafter referred to auxiliary) of the list that (step S12) sets up.Then, the communication module 10 of intelligent cache device DANE can ask this auxiliary relevant expression;
-check whether (step S13) this auxiliary relevant expression can provide service to all the other client terminals CT.If cannot, then correlation module 15 upgrades list, and determines the most relevant new expression as previously indicated.When list is for time empty (there is not all the other client terminals CT, all requesting client can provide service by intelligent cache device DANE), process stops.
Therefore, the priority level of the expression listed in each corresponding requests that intelligent cache device DANE can send according to client terminal, (step S14) response is transmitted to corresponding client terminal CT, the main phase that described response comprises given segmentation to represent or auxiliary phase to representing (when auxiliary relevant represent have than principal phase close one of to represent higher priority level, can to client terminal CT send auxiliary relevant represent instead of send principal phase close represent).
In addition, described machine-processed M can also comprise:
-within the second time period, subtend client terminal sends each the number of times represented of ask be stored in intelligent cache device DANE and carries out counting (step S15), as first represent the institute sent to client terminal CT ask the counting mode represented be different from as alternative expression transmission ask the counting mode of expression;
-at least delete (step S16) and there is minimum hit divide numerical representation.
Mechanism M can periodicity or the realization when receiving given request (asking for first of described segmentation when such as, the expression of required segmentation is not stored in intelligent cache device DANE) for required segmentation.
Should be understood that, do not deviating under prerequisite of the present invention, the order of step S1 to S16 can be changed at least in part.Such as, step S2 to S5 can perform concomitantly with step S6 to S8.
Should also be noted that intelligent cache device DANE can be integrated in agency, gateway or any other network equipment be applicable to.
Flow chart in accompanying drawing and/or block diagram illustrate system according to each embodiment of the present invention, the configuration of possible implementation of method and computer program product, operation and function.About this point, each frame in flow chart or block diagram can represent code module, section or part, comprises the one or more executable instructions for realizing specified.Shall also be noted that in some alternative realizations, the function marked in frame can occur not in accordance with the order marked in accompanying drawing.Such as, according to involved function, two frames illustrated continuously in fact can in fact side by side perform, or frame can perform according to reverse order sometimes, or frame can perform according to alternative sequences.Shall also be noted that the frame combination in each frame of block diagram and/or flow chart signal and block diagram and/or flow chart signal can be realized by execution specific function or the system based on specialized hardware of action or the combination of specialized hardware and computer instruction.Although clearly do not describe, current embodiment can use in the mode of any combination or sub-portfolio.
It should be recognized by those skilled in the art that the scheme of the principle of the invention can be implemented as system, method or computer-readable medium.Therefore, the scheme of the principle of the invention can adopt following form: all hardware embodiment, all software implementation (comprising firmware, resident software, microcode etc.) or be combined with the embodiment of software aspect and hardware plan, are all usually called " circuit ", " module " or " system " here.In addition, the scheme of the principle of the invention can adopt the form of computer-readable recording medium.Any combination of one or more computer-readable recording medium can be utilized.
Computer-readable recording medium can adopt the form of computer-readable program product, and computer-readable program product is embedded in one or more computer-readable medium and on it there be by the executable computer readable program code of computer realization.Be considered as used computer-readable recording medium to possess here the nonvolatile storage medium of the capability storing information wherein and the therefrom capability of obtaining information.Such as, computer-readable recording medium can be but be not limited to electricity, magnetic, optical, electrical magnetic, infrared or semiconductor system, device or equipment, or any applicable combination of said system, device or equipment.Will be appreciated that, although the following provide the how concrete example of the computer-readable recording medium can applying the principle of the invention, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that following is only be not schematically most enumerating: portable computer diskette; Hard disk; Random access memory (RAM); Read-only memory (ROM); Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EPROM (EPROM or flash memory); Portable, compact dish read-only memory (CD-ROM); Light storage device; Magnetic storage apparatus; Or any applicable combination of above-mentioned storage medium.

Claims (15)

1. the method for operating the Cache (DANE) be arranged between client terminal (CT) and at least one server (SE), described Cache (DANE) is configured at least the first request represented receiving the segmentation for content of multimedia from client terminal (CT), described content of multimedia represents available with multiple
It is characterized in that, described method comprises:
-in first time period, receiving (S1) multiple requests for given segmentation from client terminal (CT), each request specifies one first of described given segmentation to represent and at least one alternative expression;
-from the expression of the request received during first time period, determine that at least one principal phase that (S6, S7) asks closes expression;
-close expression from the described principal phase of remote server (SE) request (S8) given segmentation.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, the described step determining that asked at least one principal phase pass represents comprises:
-determine (S6) first time period during the relevance scores of each expression of described given segmentation of specifying in the described request that receives;
-select (S7) to have most high correlation to divide numerical representation to close as the principal phase of described given segmentation to represent.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein, with described given segmentation ask to represent that the relevance scores be associated corresponds to described institute required list and is shown in appointed number of times in the request that Cache (DANE) receives.
4. method according to claim 3, wherein, each expression of the request of reception has priority level, and represent that requested number of times is by factor I weighting, described factor I depends on the priority level of described expression.
5. the method any one of claim 2 to 4 described in claim, also comprises:
-determine whether (S10) exists not ask principal phase to close expression as the first expression or one or more all the other client terminals (CT) as alternative expression;
The list of the expression that-foundation (S11) described one or more all the other client terminals (CT) have been asked;
-the most auxiliary relevant expression of the list that (S12) sets up is determined based on relevance scores, and ask described auxiliaryly relevantly to represent to server (SE).
6. the method any one of claim 1 to 5 described in claim, also comprise: when the principal phase pass expression of next segmentation is not stored in described high-speed cache (DANE), ask the described principal phase of next segmentation to be closed from remote server (SE) and represent.
7. the method any one of claim 1 to 6 described in claim, also comprises:
-within the second time period, subtend client terminal (CT) sends each the number of times of expression of ask stored in the cache and carries out counting (S15), to obtain the hit mark represented for each request, as first represent the institute sent to client terminal (CT) ask the counting mode of expression be different from as alternative expression transmission ask the counting mode of expression;
-at least delete (S16) have minimum hit mark store expression.
8. one kind is arranged in the Cache (DANE) between client terminal (CT) and at least one server (SE), described Cache (DANE) is configured at least the first request represented receiving the segmentation for content of multimedia from client terminal (CT), described content of multimedia represents available with multiple
It is characterized in that, described Cache comprises:
-communication module (10), is configured in first time period, receives the multiple requests for given segmentation from client terminal (CT), and each request specifies one first of described given segmentation to represent and at least one alternative expression;
-correlation module (15), is configured to from the expression of the request received during first time period, determine that at least one asked principal phase is closed and represents;
And wherein, described communication module (10) is also configured to ask described principal phase to close expression to remote server (SE).
9. Cache according to claim 8, also comprises:
-scoring module (16), the relevance scores of each expression of the described given segmentation of specifying in the request received during being configured to determine first time period;
-select module (17), be configured to select to have most high correlation and divide numerical representation to close as the principal phase of described given segmentation to represent.
10. Cache according to claim 9, wherein, described scoring module (16) comprises at least one first counter (16A), described first counter (16A) is configured to determine that each institute required list is shown in appointed number of times in the request received by Cache (DANE), and described number of times corresponds to asks to represent the relevance scores be associated with described.
11. Caches according to claim 10, wherein, each expression of the request received has priority level, described scoring module (16) is also configured to be weighted the requested number of times of expression by factor I, and described factor I depends on the priority level of described expression.
12. according to Claim 8 to the Cache described in claim any one of 11, and wherein, described correlation module is also configured to:
-determine whether there is and do not ask principal phase to close expression as the first expression or one or more all the other client terminals (CT) as alternative expression;
-set up the list of the expression that described one or more all the other client terminals (CT) have been asked;
-the most auxiliary relevant expression of list of setting up is determined based on relevance scores, and ask described auxiliaryly relevantly to represent to server (SE).
13. according to Claim 8 to the Cache described in claim any one of 12, wherein, described communication module (10) is also configured to, when the principal phase pass expression of next segmentation is not stored in described high-speed cache (DANE), asks the described principal phase of next segmentation to be closed represent from remote server (SE).
14., according to Claim 8 to the Cache described in claim any one of 13, also comprise:
-the second counter (18A), be configured within the second time period subtend client terminal send be stored in Cache (DANE) each and ask the number of times of expression to count, and obtain for each hit mark of ask to represent, as first represent the institute sent to client terminal ask the counting mode represented be different from as alternative expression transmission ask the counting mode of expression;
-remove module (18B), be configured at least delete have minimum hit mark store expression.
Cache according to any one of 15. according to Claim 8 to 14, described Cache is HTTP self adaptation flow transmission perception Cache.
CN201510387236.XA 2014-07-04 2015-07-03 Method for operating a cache arranged along a transmission path between client terminals and at least one server, and corresponding cache Pending CN105245562A (en)

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