CN105228101B - Radiation pattern adaptive approach based on Doppler's characteristic of channel - Google Patents
Radiation pattern adaptive approach based on Doppler's characteristic of channel Download PDFInfo
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- CN105228101B CN105228101B CN201510563057.7A CN201510563057A CN105228101B CN 105228101 B CN105228101 B CN 105228101B CN 201510563057 A CN201510563057 A CN 201510563057A CN 105228101 B CN105228101 B CN 105228101B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
- H04W4/025—Services making use of location information using location based information parameters
- H04W4/027—Services making use of location information using location based information parameters using movement velocity, acceleration information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/24—Cell structures
- H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of radiation pattern adaptive approach based on Doppler's characteristic of channel, including：Step S1：There are two symmetrical main lobes for the antenna pattern of initial setting up antenna, detect whether antenna receives the signal that user sends in high ferro in real time；Step S2：Based on Doppler's characteristic of channel and geometry teaching model acquisition high ferro speed of service estimated value, the Minimum distance estimation, value and high ferro of rail and base station with minimum range by the time Estimate value of base station；Step S3：Reconstruct and prediction high ferro motion track, obtain the high ferro position at any given moment；Step S4：The antenna pattern of adaptive setting antenna so that there are one the main lobes of real-time tracking covering high ferro for antenna pattern；Step S5：When this high ferro is left, jump procedure S1 waits for high ferro process next time.Compared with prior art, the invention enables aerial radiation direction real-time trackings to cover high ferro, improves QoS, reduces power attenuation, highly practical.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication fields, more particularly, to a kind of aerial radiation direction based on Doppler's characteristic of channel
Figure adaptive approach.
Background technology
Maintaining the good QoS of customer of high ferro wireless communication system (Quality of Service, abbreviation QoS) is
It is very important.This will not only realize the demand of user in high ferro, also ensure high-caliber safety.Nowadays there are many height
Iron wireless communications application is positioned dependent on global positioning system (Global Position System, abbreviation GPS), and is not depended on
It is seldom in the method for GPS positioning.Although GPS can provide high ferro and base station (Base Station, abbreviation BS) under normal circumstances
Location information, however, there remains have other localization methods independent of GPS as spare.
Recently, in a communications system, using directional diagram adjustable antenna (being realized by the way of machinery or electronics) come real
Existing high coverage rate, reach the solution of good QoS of customer (Quality of Service, abbreviation QoS) by
It proposes.By obtaining the location information of user terminal, antenna main lobe real-time tracking target, without wasting energy in other directions
On.Under normal circumstances, base station and determining for user terminal location are needed by global positioning system (Global
Position System, abbreviation GPS).However in many scenes, GPS signal accurately can not be received or be decoded, typical
Environment is exactly high ferro scene.Due to the high-speed mobility of high ferro, influenced along the complexity of thread environment and by weather conditions,
GPS cannot effectively play its effect in many cases.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide one kind to be believed based on Doppler
The radiation pattern adaptive approach of road characteristic, the position of high ferro and BS is detected with only wireless communication signals,
Its key point is to be utilized to be estimated by sighting distance (Line of Sight, abbreviation LOS) propagation path between high ferro user and BS
The track of the Doppler frequency arrived, it is completely uncorrelated to GPS to estimate the position of high ferro and BS, it can be very good as being based on
The alternative of the traditional technology of GPS, suitable for that accurately can not receive or solve the wireless communications environment of code GPS signals.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of radiation pattern adaptive approach based on Doppler's characteristic of channel, for controlling and user in high ferro
The antenna of wireless communication, the antenna are set on the base station by rail, including：
Step S1：There are two symmetrical main lobe, each main lobe coverings for the antenna pattern of base station initial setting up antenna
The both sides of rail, base station detect whether antenna receives the signal that user sends in high ferro in real time；
Step S2：When antenna receives the signal that user sends in high ferro, there is high ferro process, it is special based on Doppler's channel
Property and geometry teaching model obtain the Minimum distance estimation, value and high ferro of high ferro speed of service estimated value, rail and base station with minimum
Distance by base station time Estimate value；
Step S3：According to the Minimum distance estimation, value and high ferro of high ferro speed of service estimated value, rail and base station with minimum
Distance is reconstructed by the time Estimate value of base station and prediction high ferro motion track, obtains the high ferro position at any given moment；
Step S4：The antenna pattern of antenna is adaptively arranged according to the high ferro position at any given moment for base station so that
There are one the main lobes of real-time tracking covering high ferro for antenna pattern；
Step S5：When antenna no longer receives the signal that user sends in high ferro, this time high ferro is left, jump procedure S1,
Wait for high ferro process next time.
The step S2 is specially：
21：According to Doppler's characteristic of channel and geometry teaching model, the Doppler frequency formula of LOS diameters is established, it is as follows：
In formula, υLOS(t) Doppler frequency of expression LOS diameters, the v expression high ferro speeds of service, d expression rails and base station
Minimum range, t0With minimum range by the time of base station, θ (t) is indicated in the base station that t moment is observed and high ferro expression high ferro
Between direct path and high ferro moving direction angle, fcIndicate that carrier frequency, c indicate the light velocity；
22：When antenna receives the signal Q that user in high ferro sends, there is high ferro process, obtained and user couple according to signal Q
The Doppler frequency track answeredIn the Doppler frequency trackOn take multiple and different moment Doppler frequency
Rate empirical value；
23：The high ferro for obtaining estimation by the Doppler frequency empirical value at multiple and different moment using least square method runs speed
Spend estimated valueThe Minimum distance estimation, value of rail and base stationHigh ferro is with minimum range by the time Estimate value of base station
Meet following formula：
In formula, subscript LS indicates least squares approximation results, arg min f (v, t0, d) and it indicates to make f (v, t0, d) and obtain minimum value
WhenValue, | | indicate two given variables between Euclidean distance, t ∈ [t1,tM] indicate that acquisition is more
General M observation time for strangling frequency empirical value, υ (t) indicate the Doppler frequency empirical value of t moment.
The step 22 is specially：
221：When antenna receives the signal Q that user in high ferro sends, there is high ferro process, when obtaining power according to signal Q
Prolong spectrum r (t, τ), meets following formula：
In formula, l indicates l paths, indicates that LOS diameters, LOS diameters are most short time-delay corresponding path when l=1, L indicates total
Number of path, al,tIndicate the plural number decaying of the l paths obtained from the snapshot moment t, al,tFrom reception signal Q
Extraction obtains, and δ () indicates that unit impulse function, τ indicate time delay, τlIndicate the time delay of l paths；
222：With how soon according to the plural number decaying a for extracting LOS diameters from the corresponding channel impulse response of r (t, τ) maximum value1,t；
223：By a1,tFourier transformation obtain Doppler frequency track corresponding to the userMeet following public
Formula：
In formula, υcdtIndicate the Doppler frequency range that can observe,a1,t
Impinge upon coherence time [t soon1,tn] in obtain,Expression makes f (υcdt) obtain maximum value when υcdtValue,
J indicates imaginary number；
224：The Doppler frequency track obtained from step 223In take the Doppler frequency at multiple and different moment
Empirical value.
In the step 22, the value number of Doppler frequency empirical value is three or three or more.
In the step 21, when there are frequency displacement υ between the carrier frequency and user of base stationextraWhen, formula (1) replaces with public affairs
Formula (6)：
In step s3, when base station is at coordinate origin, given time t, then the high ferro position at any given moment
(x, y) meets following formula：
In formula,Indicate respectively high ferro speed of service estimated value, rail and the Minimum distance estimation, value of base station and
High ferro is with minimum range by the time Estimate value of base station.
In the step S4, according to the length of high ferro come adaptively selected antenna so that the main lobe that antenna generates is complete
Cover whole high ferro.
The length L of the high ferroGMeet following formula：
In formula,Indicate high ferro speed of service estimated value,Indicate multiple high ferros corresponding to the user with most narrow spacing
Maximum value from the time Estimate value by base station,Indicate that multiple high ferros corresponding to the user pass through base with minimum range
The minimum value for the time Estimate value stood.
The antenna is rotary antenna or radiation of variable pattern antenna.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
1) position of high ferro and BS is detected with only wireless communication signals, key point is the LOS by estimation
The Doppler frequency track of diameter signal reconstructs and predicts the position of high ferro and BS, the directional aerial or rotary antenna battle array of BS
Row can be rotated to respective direction, to track covering high ferro, the user in high ferro be made to obtain satisfied QoS.
2) doppler characterization of communication channel is utilized, it is completely uncorrelated to GPS, and disobey and be disinclined to GPS positioning, therefore this hair
The bright alternative that can be very good as the traditional technology based on GPS, is suitable for arbitrary wireless communication scene.
3) present invention uses rotary antenna or radiation of variable pattern antenna, rather than fixed antenna, so as to
More flexible coverage area is obtained, realizes good QoS of customer and less power attenuation, therefore power attenuation is wanted
Than using the small of directional aerial, cost can be effectively reduced.
4) least square method is used, estimated value is obtained based on Doppler's characteristic of channel, the data precision estimated is high, profit
High ferro can be accurately covered in the main lobe of antenna.
5) in much actual measurement environment, the carrier frequency and user equipment of BS are likely to there are frequency displacement, this user equipment
Frequency displacement caused by the unstable of crystal oscillator, in order to reduce error, redesigned the Doppler frequency formula of LOS diameters, further
The precision of data is provided.
6) invention also contemplates that working as the case where high ferro is close from BS and whole high ferro can not be completely covered in narrow beam, lead to
The antenna for selecting wave beam bandwidth suitable according to the length of high ferro is crossed, to realize high coverage rate.
7) present invention need not add any equipment at user equipment end, while can be realized in a software form in BS, letter
It is single effective, it is easy to promote the use of in high ferro wireless communication engineering.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the method for the present invention overall flow figure；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that the method for the present invention is realized in a software form；
Fig. 3 is starting stage radiation pattern；
Fig. 4 is the radiation pattern when high ferro is close to BS；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the parameter Estimation geometrical model based on Doppler's characteristic of channel；
Fig. 6 is that the schematic diagram of high ferro is completely covered in the main lobe of antenna；
The schematic diagram for the power delay spectrum that Fig. 7 is measured between BS and high ferro；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the theoretical value and estimated value of the Doppler frequency track of LOS diameters.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The present embodiment is with technical solution of the present invention
Premised on implemented, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
Following embodiments.
Because the track of high ferro operation is substantially linear.The track of high ferro is often laid on overpass, it is therefore assumed that
In BS coverage areas, track is in a straight line.In high ferro scene, this is necessary being, because in most of feelings
Under condition, rail is required for avoiding taking a sudden turn.It is straight line that long 4 to 5 kilometers of rail, which can be approximately considered,.
Meanwhile there are LOS diameters between BS and user.In most of scene in high ferro, this is necessary being.Separately
Outside, LOS diameters account for major part in receiving signal.This is reasonable, because compared to reflection path or diffraction path, LOS
Diameter component only experienced free-space propagation loss, and this propagation loss will than loss caused by reflection, diffraction and scattering
It is much smaller.Since LOS diameters are often the most strong path components in channel, so when LOS diameter components reach, power this moment is most
Greatly, i.e., the power delay spectrum of channel obtains maximum value in the time delay.
Finally, the variation of high ferro speed often very little in base station range, can be ignored, therefore can be by high ferro
Speed see as it is constant.
The case where based on the above high ferro application scenarios, as shown in Figure 1, a kind of aerial radiation based on Doppler's characteristic of channel
Directional diagram adaptive approach, for controlling the antenna communicated with user radio in high ferro, antenna is set on the base station by rail, packet
It includes：
Step S1：There are two symmetrical main lobe, two symmetrical main waves for the antenna pattern of base station initial setting up antenna
Valve, which can be realized, covering in rail both direction, while the left and right sides of each main lobe covering rail, when high ferro is from any
It sails and on direction, can be covered by main lobe when initial, base station detects whether antenna receives user's hair in high ferro in real time
The signal sent.It is adaptive conducive to radiation pattern is entered as early as possible when high ferro is passed through.
Step S2：When antenna receives the signal that user sends in high ferro, there is high ferro process, it is special based on Doppler's channel
Property estimation and geometry teaching model estimated location movement and position relevant parameter, including high ferro movement speed, rail and base station
Between minimum range and high ferro with minimum range by base station when time, it is final obtain high ferro speed of service estimated value,
The Minimum distance estimation, value and high ferro of rail and base station are with minimum range by the time Estimate value of base station, these estimations of estimation
Value parameter is for reconstructing and predicting movement locus of the high ferro relative to base station, specially：
21：In geometrical model as shown in Figure 5, with a certain distance from BS has from rail, v indicates that the high ferro speed of service, d indicate
The minimum range of rail and base station, t0Expression high ferro with minimum range by the time of base station, in moment t observe by θ (t) expressions
Base station and high ferro between direct path and high ferro moving direction angle.According to Doppler's characteristic of channel, the more of LOS diameters are established
General Le frequency formula, it is as follows：
In formula, υLOS(t) indicate that the Doppler frequency of LOS diameters, Doppler frequency often use Greek alphabet υ (nu) to indicate, fcTable
Show that carrier frequency, c indicate the light velocity.Parameter v, d, t0All it is the unknown parameter for needing to estimate.
22：When antenna receives the signal Q that user in high ferro sends, there is high ferro process, obtained and user couple according to signal Q
The Doppler frequency track answeredIn the Doppler frequency trackOn take multiple and different moment Doppler frequency
Rate empirical value, Doppler frequency empirical value are the LOS diameter Doppler frequencies track that the signal received from BS is calculated, and are used for
It is used for estimating v, d, t as observation0, including following sub-step：
221：When antenna receives the signal Q that user in high ferro sends, there is high ferro process, when obtaining power according to signal Q
Prolong spectrum r (t, τ), following formula is obtained according to the common version of power delay spectrum (PDP) under multipath scene：
In formula, l indicates l paths.For the sake of convenient, when l=1, indicates that LOS diameters, LOS diameters are the corresponding road of most short time-delay
Diameter.L indicates total path number, al,tIndicate the plural number decaying of the l paths obtained from the snapshot moment t, δ ()
Indicate that unit impulse function, τ indicate time delay, τlIndicate the time delay of l paths, therefore, power delay spectrum r (t, τ) is by formula
(3) it obtains, wherein plural number decaying al,tIt is to extract to obtain from reception signal Q；
222：With how soon according to the plural number decaying a for extracting LOS diameters from the corresponding channel impulse response of r (t, τ) maximum value1,t,
Since LOS diameters often provide most high power in receiving signal, so a1,tThe corresponding channel of maximum value of PDP can be passed through
Impulse response obtains, a1,tInclude the information of amplitude and phase, channel impulse response IR is obtained from pilot frequency information, LTE, UMTS
There is pilot frequency information in；
223：The LOS diameters Doppler frequency individually observed can be obtained by maximizing Doppler power spectra, by a1,tFu
In leaf transformation obtain Doppler frequency trackMeet following formula：
In formula, υcdtIndicate the Doppler frequency range that can observe,It notes
It anticipates, in order to obtain the accurate estimation of Doppler frequency, a1,tSnapshot need in coherence time [t1,tn] in obtain.
[t1,tn] it is expressed as the coherence time of channel, it is believed that Doppler frequency remains unchanged in this coherence time.
Expression makes f (υcdt) obtain maximum value when υcdtValue, j indicate imaginary number；
224：The Doppler frequency track obtained from step 223In take the Doppler frequency at multiple and different moment
Empirical value.Wherein, the value number of Doppler frequency empirical value is three or three or more.
23：The high ferro for obtaining estimation by the Doppler frequency empirical value at multiple and different moment using least square method runs speed
Spend estimated valueThe Minimum distance estimation, value of rail and base stationHigh ferro is with minimum range by the time Estimate value of base station
Meet following formula：
In formula, subscript LS indicates least squares approximation results, arg min f (v, t0, d) and it indicates to make f (v, t0, d) and obtain minimum value
WhenValue, | | indicate two given variables between Euclidean distance, t ∈ [t1,tM] indicate that acquisition is more
General M observation time for strangling frequency empirical value, υ (t) indicate the Doppler frequency empirical value for the t moment that actual measurement obtains, υLOS(t)
Meet formula (1), i.e. υLOS(t) with t, v, t0, d it is related.
Wherein, step 21 is in environment is surveyed in application, and the carrier frequency and user equipment of BS are likely to that there are frequency displacements
υextra, the wherein frequency displacement of user equipment causes by the unstable of crystal oscillator.Therefore, exist when between the carrier frequency of base station and user
Frequency displacement υextraWhen, formula (1) replaces with formula (6)：
Step S3：According to the Minimum distance estimation, value and high ferro of high ferro speed of service estimated value, rail and base station with minimum
Distance is reconstructed by the time Estimate value of base station and prediction high ferro motion track, obtains the high ferro position at any given moment.Appoint
Benchmark of the high ferro position of meaning given time as the antenna pattern of adaptive setting antenna.
For example, when base station is at coordinate origin, given time t, then the high ferro position (x, y) at any given moment is full
Sufficient following formula：
In formula,Indicate respectively high ferro speed of service estimated value, rail and the Minimum distance estimation, value of base station and
High ferro is with minimum range by the time Estimate value of base station.
Step S4：The antenna pattern of antenna is adaptively arranged according to the high ferro position at any given moment for base station so that
There are one the main lobes of real-time tracking covering high ferro for antenna pattern.Antenna is rotary antenna or radiation of variable directional diagram day
Line mechanically or electronically adjusts aerial array so that radiation pattern can be completely covered high ferro with
And the mobile subscriber in high-iron carriage.Because using rotary antenna or radiation of variable pattern antenna, rather than fixed day
Line realizes good QoS of customer and less power attenuation so as to obtain more flexible coverage area.
In step S4, high ferro is with close to base station, in fact it could happen that and the case where whole high ferro can not be completely covered in main lobe, because
This is needed according to the length of high ferro come adaptively selected antenna so that and whole high ferro is completely covered in the main lobe that antenna generates, from
And realize high coverage rate.
In order to estimate the length of high ferro, need to analyze the reception signal from multi-user in high ferro.It can from these users
To obtainMultiple values, then the length L of high ferroGMeet following formula：
In formula,Indicate high ferro speed of service estimated value,Indicate multiple high ferros corresponding to the user with most narrow spacing
From the time Estimate value by base stationMaximum value,Indicate that multiple high ferros corresponding to the user are passed through with minimum range
The time Estimate value of base stationMinimum value.
Step S5：When antenna no longer receives the signal that user sends in high ferro, this time high ferro is left, jump procedure S1,
Wait for high ferro process next time.When not having high ferro to pass through, base station is in the standby mode detected in real time, reduces power consumption.
In practical application, respective antenna self-adapting program is set, as shown in Figure 2 in base station.Fig. 2 can separate three phases：
Starting stage：When there is not high ferro in BS coverage areas, which will keep antenna spoke as shown in Figure 3
Penetrate directional diagram.There are two main lobe, the both sides of each lobe covering rail for the radiation pattern.
Activate function phases：When high ferro along rail close to BS when, BS can detect the signal that user in high ferro sends.
Adaptation function will activate in this case.Fig. 4 shows the antenna when high ferro enters the coverage area of BS from the left side
Antenna pattern.
The parameter Estimation stage：In order to obtain the relevant position between high ferro and BS in the case where no GPS is assisted, it is based on
Geometrical model shown in Fig. 4, estimation obtain relevant position, high ferro length and speed and when high ferro passes through BS's with minimum range
Time interval.The motion track of geometric parameter based on estimation, high ferro easily can be reconstructed and be predicted.Since BS antennas can be with
Rotation, whole high ferro can be completely covered in main lobe, to realize BS antenna self-adaptives.Fig. 6 gives when high ferro passes through BS
When the stage simple example.
When realizing scheme proposed by the present invention, need at the ends BS through beamforming technique machinery directional rotating antenna or
Rotary antenna array；And user equipment end need not then add any equipment.And the program can be in a software form in BS realities
It is existing.
In order to prove the validity of algorithm in the above method, the example based on measured result is given.Fig. 7 gives actual measurement
The reconstruct PDPs for the channel observed in high ferro operational process.Abscissa and ordinate indicate time delay (arrival time) and see respectively
The snapshot subscript examined.It can be seen that LOS diameter signals are occupied an leading position really in PDP.The highlighted song changed over time in Fig. 7
Line is actually that high ferro approaches, by the time delay track with LOS diameters when leaving BS.
Fig. 8 shows that LOS diameter Doppler frequency empirical values, the value are based on the plural number decaying root obtained by LOS diameter components
It is calculated according to formula (4).In this example, Doppler frequency empirical value (is thought between the time by continuous 15 observation times
Be interposed between in channel coherency time) estimation obtain.Then it is calculated according to formula (2) Based on the above estimation, can calculate
Obtain theoretical Doppler frequency track.The Doppler frequency track of Estimated representation theories in Fig. 8, Measured are indicated
The Doppler frequency track of actual measurement.It can be seen that blue and red fitting is preferable.This shows that algorithm for estimating proposed in this paper can
With applied to the correct estimated value for solving unknown parameter.
To sum up, the Doppler frequency estimated by the line-of-sight propagation path between high ferro user and BS is utilized in this programme
Track.The high ferro speed of service, high iron phase can be accurately estimated by simple geometrical model and least square estimation method
Three-dimensional position and high ferro for BS pass through time when BS.These results can be used for calculating the high ferro at any given moment
Position relative to base station.According to the high ferro position of acquisition, the directional aerial or rotary antenna array of BS can rotate to
Respective direction makes the user in high ferro obtain satisfied QoS to track covering high ferro.The power attenuation of this scheme than
Using the small of directional aerial.In addition, since the program is independent of GPS, it is suitable for arbitrary wireless communication scene.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of radiation pattern adaptive approach based on Doppler's characteristic of channel, for control with user in high ferro without
The antenna of line communication, the antenna are set on the base station by rail, which is characterized in that including：
Step S1：There are two symmetrical main lobe, each main lobes to cover rail for the antenna pattern of base station initial setting up antenna
Both sides, base station detects whether antenna receives the signal that user in high ferro sends in real time；
Step S2：When antenna receives the signal that user in high ferro sends, there is high ferro process, based on Doppler's characteristic of channel and
Geometry teaching model obtains the Minimum distance estimation, value and high ferro of high ferro speed of service estimated value, rail and base station with minimum range
By the time Estimate value of base station；
Step S3：According to the Minimum distance estimation, value and high ferro of high ferro speed of service estimated value, rail and base station with minimum range
Time Estimate value reconstruct by base station and prediction high ferro motion track, obtain the high ferro position at any given moment；
Step S4：The antenna pattern of antenna is adaptively arranged according to the high ferro position at any given moment for base station so that radiation
There are one the main lobes of real-time tracking covering high ferro for directional diagram；
Step S5：When antenna no longer receives the signal that user sends in high ferro, this time high ferro is left, and jump procedure S1 is waited for
High ferro is passed through next time；
The step S2 is specially：
21：According to Doppler's characteristic of channel and geometry teaching model, the Doppler frequency formula of LOS diameters is established, it is as follows：
In formula, υLOS(t) indicate that the Doppler frequency of LOS diameters, v indicate that the high ferro speed of service, d indicate the minimum of rail and base station
Distance, t0With minimum range by the time of base station, θ (t) is indicated between the base station that t moment is observed and high ferro expression high ferro
The angle of direct path and high ferro moving direction, fcIndicate that carrier frequency, c indicate the light velocity；
22：When antenna receives the signal Q that user in high ferro sends, there is high ferro process, obtained according to signal Q corresponding to the user
Doppler frequency trackIn the Doppler frequency trackOn take the Doppler frequency at multiple and different moment to pass through
Test value；
23：The high ferro speed of service that estimation is obtained by the Doppler frequency empirical value at multiple and different moment using least square method is estimated
EvaluationThe Minimum distance estimation, value of rail and base stationHigh ferro is with minimum range by the time Estimate value of base stationMeet
Following formula：
In formula, subscript LS indicates least squares approximation results, arg min f (v, t0, d) and it indicates to make f (v, t0, d) obtain minimum value whenValue, | | indicate two given variables between Euclidean distance, t ∈ [t1,tM] indicate that how general acquisition is
M observation time of frequency empirical value is strangled, υ (t) indicates the Doppler frequency empirical value of t moment.
2. the radiation pattern adaptive approach according to claim 1 based on Doppler's characteristic of channel, feature
It is, the step 22 is specially：
221：When antenna receives the signal Q that user in high ferro sends, there is high ferro process, power delay spectrum r is obtained according to signal Q
(t, τ), meets following formula：
In formula, l indicates l paths, indicates that LOS diameters, LOS diameters are most short time-delay corresponding path when l=1, L indicates total path
Number, al,tIndicate the plural number decaying of the l paths obtained from the snapshot moment t, al,tIt is extracted from receiving in signal Q
It obtains, δ () indicates that unit impulse function, τ indicate time delay, τlIndicate the time delay of l paths；
222：With how soon according to the plural number decaying a for extracting LOS diameters from the corresponding channel impulse response of r (t, τ) maximum value1, t；
223：By a1, tFourier transformation obtain Doppler frequency track corresponding to the userMeet following formula：
In formula, υcdtIndicate the Doppler frequency range that can observe,a1,tSnapshot
In coherence time [t1,tn] in obtain,Expression makes f (υcdt) obtain maximum value when υcdtValue, j indicate
Imaginary number；
224：The Doppler frequency track obtained from step 223In take the Doppler frequency experience at multiple and different moment
Value.
3. the radiation pattern adaptive approach according to claim 1 based on Doppler's characteristic of channel, feature
It is, in the step 22, the value number of Doppler frequency empirical value is three or three or more.
4. the radiation pattern adaptive approach according to claim 1 based on Doppler's characteristic of channel, feature
It is, in the step 21, when there are frequency displacement υ between the carrier frequency and user of base stationextraWhen, formula (1) replaces with formula
(6)：
5. the radiation pattern adaptive approach according to claim 1 based on Doppler's characteristic of channel, feature
Be, in step s3, when base station is at coordinate origin, given time t, then any given moment high ferro position (x,
Y) meet following formula：
In formula,High ferro speed of service estimated value, the Minimum distance estimation, value and high ferro of rail and base station are indicated respectively
With minimum range by the time Estimate value of base station.
6. the radiation pattern adaptive approach according to claim 1 based on Doppler's characteristic of channel, feature
It is, in the step S4, according to the length of high ferro come adaptively selected antenna so that the main lobe that antenna generates is completely covered
Whole high ferro.
7. the radiation pattern adaptive approach according to claim 6 based on Doppler's characteristic of channel, feature
It is, the length L of the high ferroGMeet following formula：
In formula,Indicate high ferro speed of service estimated value,Indicate that multiple high ferros corresponding to the user are passed through with minimum range
The maximum value of the time Estimate value of base station,Indicate multiple high ferros corresponding to the user with minimum range by base station when
Between estimated value minimum value.
8. the radiation pattern adaptive approach according to claim 1 based on Doppler's characteristic of channel, feature
It is, the antenna is rotary antenna or radiation of variable pattern antenna.
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