CN105224455B - A kind of method for automatically generating character string type test case - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for automatically generating character string type test case, first, the data model of character string type is used as using a character array and a length attribute, define three atom functions, the character string function in C language standard storehouse is represented using the combination of three atom functions, then, obtained using symbolic execution technique in the constraint extraction process of a Program path, enter row constraint extraction for character string and character string function, obtain the character string comprising atom function representation and constrain；Finally, for the execution route of source program, character string constraint to every paths carries out constraint solving, during constraint solving, according to the determination value of the parameter of atom function, explain to obtain the structure of character string and value for atom function, until being met the constrained test case of path institute.Advantage is, applied to various character string functions are handled, reduces the cost that manual testing expends, improves the automaticity of software test.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the automatic generating test case technology in software test field, specifically one kind automatically generates character
The method of string type test case.
Background technology
With the arriving of Internet era, the software such as database, procotol is used widely, and character string type is frequent
Use as basic data type, and operated by the character string function in java standard library.
In the automatic generating test case technology of path-oriented, usual way is to obtain path using symbolic execution technique
The constraint of upper input variable, i.e. character expression, the variable-value of path constraint is then met using constraint solver.
1976, James C.King et al. proposed that symbolic execution technique is used for the correctness of determining program.
Symbolic execution technique refers to：During using semiology analysis analysis program, the program can use value of symbol as input, and
The occurrence used during non-general execution program.When reaching object code, analyzer can obtain corresponding path constraint, i.e.,
Output symbol expression formula, then obtain triggering the occurrence of object code by constraint solver, i.e., by symbol
The analysis of expression formula is judged program correctness.
In the prior art, the instrument of automatic generating test case can not generate the survey for meeting constraint to character string type automatically
Example on probation.Because character string type is a kind of conventional complex data type, there is structure attribute and numerical attribute, and usually
The formal operations called by character string function, character string function operation cause the constraint of character string to be nonlinear constraint, because
This existing automatic generating test case instrument can not support the automatic generating test case of character string.
The content of the invention
The test that can not support character string the invention aims to solve existing automatic generating test case instrument
Use-case automatically generates, it is proposed that a kind of method for automatically generating character string type test case, specifically comprises the following steps：
Step 1: for the execution route of source program, semiology analysis is used respectively to each sentence of every execution route
Technology enters row constraint extraction, obtains the character string constraint of each sentence；
Step 2: taking the character string of current statement to constrain, judge whether to include character string function, if comprising performing
Step 3；Otherwise step 4 is performed；Current statement initial value is first sentence；
Step 3: according to character string function represented semanteme in the paths, intermediate variable and atom function are used
Combine to represent the function；
First, the data structure symbol of character string type is generated, its structure symbol includes two attributes：
1) it is character member property, the set using " subscript " _ " charactor " as key-value pair；2) it is length attribute；
Then three atom functions, are defined：
(1) an i member is designated as under accessing in character string str, atom function is strAtomic1(str, i), parameter
Symbol is：Str and i；
(2) while subscript is accessed in character string str by down to up | up-down+1 | individual member, atom function are：
strAtomic2(str, down, up), pa-rameter symbols are：str,down,up；
(3) while the member of n undefined position in str is accessed, atom function is：strAtomic3(str, n), parameter
Symbol is：str,n；
Intermediate variable refers to the position of the parametric variable in addition to str in three kinds of atom functions, is value type.
Step 4: order chooses next statement return to step two, until current statement is tail sentence, all character strings are exported
Constraint, and be all numeric type symbols of intermediate variable, generate initial codomain；
Step 5: judge whether current value type symbol is the parameter of atom function, if going to step 6；Otherwise turn
To step 10；
The initial value of current value type symbol is optional one from all numeric type symbols in step 4.
Step 6: for current atom function parameter in initial codomain choosing value as the parameter determination value, perform step
Seven；
Specially：If current atom function is the first atom function strAtomic1(str, i), then it is second parameter
I selects a value in codomain, and execution terminates；
If current atom function is second of atom function strAtomic2(str, down, up), then be followed successively by second and third
Individual parameter
Down, up each one value of selection, execution in its codomain terminate；
If current atom function is the third atom function strAtomic3(str, n) is then second parameter n in its value
A value is selected in domain, execution terminates；
If the value in codomain was all selected and the parameter is not the numeric type symbol of first selection, select previous
Individual numeric type symbol goes to step 5 as current sign；If the value in codomain was all selected and the parameter is first
The numeric type symbol of individual selection, then algorithm failure, execution terminate.
Step 7: according to the parameter determination value of atom function, atom function is explained, if explaining failure, said
Bright parameter value mistake, goes to execution step 8；Otherwise step 9 is performed；
Specific explanations process is：If that currently select is the first atom function strAtomic1The parameter symbol of (str, i)
Number i, a value Vi is selected in i codomain, it is newly-built if in str character member set in the absence of subscript being Vi member
Under be designated as Vi member；Otherwise the member that position in str is Vi is taken；Then for the strAtomic in path constraint1(str,
I) member of position Vi in str is replaced with, execution terminates；
If that currently select is second of atom function strAtomic2(str, down, up), pa-rameter symbols down,
up；
Selective value Vdown, Vup are distinguished in down, up codomain, if in the absence of in str character member set
Mark is the member of the member in Vdown to Vup scope, then newly-built relevant position；Otherwise existing member, and right is taken
StrAtomic in path constraint2It is every in Vdown to Vup scope that (str, down, up) replaces with position in str
One member, execution terminate；
If that currently select is the third atom function strAtomic3The pa-rameter symbols n of (str, n), in n codomain
Middle selective value Vn, Vn str character member is then generated, corresponding subscript is respectively indexv1,indexv2,
...indexvn, for the strAtomic in path constraint2(str, down, up) replaces with str position in indexv1,
indexv2,...indexvnEach member, execution terminates；
During atom function is explained, if character member newly-built in the data structure of character string and existing character
Member conflicts, or the length attribute of data structure is undesirable, then atom function explains failure.
Step 8: after parameter value mistake, increased newly according to the pa-rameter symbols and parameter determination value selected in step 6
Constraint：Parameter current symbol can not take parameter current determination value；And change recovery extremely caused by atom function is explained into failure
Original state, return to step 6；
Step 9: using interval arithmetic method, the interval of symbol is reduced, step 5 is gone to after reducing successfully
Continue with the constraint of character late string；Otherwise, return to step eight；Until to all string processings in constraining current path
Finish, go to step 11；
Step 10: a value is chosen in the codomain of current value type symbol is used as its determination value；Go to step 9.
If the value in current sign codomain was all selected and current sign is not the numeric type symbol of first selection,
The numeric type symbol of previous choosing value is then returned to as current sign, and goes to step 5；If current sign codomain is all
Value was all chosen and current sign is the symbol of first selection, then algorithm fails, and execution terminates.
Step 11: if the pa-rameter symbols of all character strings constraint are obtained for determination value, with reference to variable and symbol
Relation forms test case, and Test cases technology terminates；
Advantages of the present invention is with good effect：
(1) a kind of method for automatically generating character string type test case, three kinds of atom functions of use of proposition represent
The method of the character string function occurred in tested program, it can apply to handle various character string functions.
(2) a kind of method for automatically generating character string type test case, can automatically generate the test of character string type
Use-case, the cost of manual testing's consuming can be reduced, improve the automaticity of software test.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of method flow diagram for automatically generating character string type test case of the present invention；
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of method for automatically generating character string type test case, can to the input parameter comprising character string type with
And the C language code called containing character string function carries out automatic generating test case, improves the automaticity of software test.
A kind of method for automatically generating character string type test case, first, use a character array and a length
Data model of the attribute as character string type, three atom functions are defined, C languages are represented using the combination of three atom functions
The character string function in java standard library is sayed, then, is obtained using symbolic execution technique in the constraint extraction process of a Program path,
Enter row constraint extraction for character string and character string function, obtain the character string comprising atom function representation and constrain；Finally, for
The execution route of source program, carries out constraint solving to the constraint of the character strings of every paths, during constraint solving, according to atom letter
The determination value of several parameters, explain to obtain the structure of character string and value for atom function, until being met path
The constrained test case of institute.
Specific steps as shown in figure 1, including：
Step 1: for a plurality of execution route of one section of source program, each sentence of every execution route is used respectively
Symbolic execution technique enters row constraint extraction, obtains the character expression of each sentence；
Possibility execution route in source program, also known as statement sequence；
Step 2: judge whether the character expression of current statement includes character string function, if comprising performing step
Three；Otherwise step 4 is performed；Current statement initial value is first sentence；
Step 3: for character string function, according to its represented semanteme in the paths, intermediate variable and atom are used
The combination of function is indicated；
For the character string type parameter in character string function, generation represents the data structure of character string type, its structure
Include two attributes：1) set using " subscript "-" charactor " as key-value pair, the character member property of character string is represented；2) character
The length attribute of string；
Then three atom functions, are defined：
(1) an i member is designated as under accessing in character string str, atom function is strAtomic1(str, i), parameter
Symbol is：Str and i；
(2) while subscript is accessed in character string str by down to up | up-down+1 | individual member, atom function are：
strAtomic2(str, down, up), pa-rameter symbols are：str,down,up；
(3) while the member of n undefined position in str is accessed, atom function is：strAtomic3(str, n), parameter
Symbol is：str,n；
Intermediate variable all refers to the parametric variable in addition to str in three kinds of atom functions, these parametric variables due to
Do not embodied in source program, be value type so generating intermediate variable to represent the position of the parametric variable.
Handled Step 4: order chooses next statement return to step two, until it is tail sentence to work as prosthomere sentence, output
Character expression set, and be all numeric type symbols of intermediate variable, generate initial codomain；
By all character expressions in every input path, according to path constraints, obtain including character string type and 3
The character string constraint of kind atom function representation；
Step 5: judge whether current value type symbol is the parameter of atom function, if going to step 6；Otherwise turn
To step 10；
The initial value of current value type symbol is optional one from all numeric type symbols in step 4.
Step 6: for current atom function parameter in initial codomain choosing value as the parameter determination value, perform step
Seven；
Specially：If current atom function is the first atom function strAtomic1(str, i), then it is its second ginseng
Number i selects a value in its codomain, and execution terminates；
If current atom function is second of atom function strAtomic2The second, (str, down, up), then it is followed successively by
Three parameters down, up each one value of selection, execution in its codomain terminate；
If current atom function is the third atom function strAtomic3(str, n) is then its second parameter n at it
A value is selected in codomain, execution terminates；
If the value in codomain was all selected and the parameter is not the numeric type symbol of first selection, select previous
Individual numeric type symbol goes to step 5 as current sign；If the value in codomain was all selected and the parameter is first
The numeric type symbol of individual selection, then algorithm failure, execution terminate.
Step 7: according to the parameter determination value of atom function, atom function is explained, if explaining failure, said
Bright parameter value mistake, goes to execution step 8；Otherwise step 9 is performed；
Specific explanations are：If that currently select is the first atom function strAtomic1The pa-rameter symbols i of (str, i),
A value Vi is selected in i codomain, if the member that subscript is Vi is not present in str character member set, under newly-built
It is designated as Vi member；Otherwise the member that position in str is Vi is taken；Then for the strAtomic in path constraint1(str,i)
The member of position Vi in str is replaced with, execution terminates；
If that currently select is second of atom function strAtomic2Pa-rameter symbols down, the up of (str, down, up),
Selective value Vdown, Vup are distinguished in down, up codomain, if in the absence of in str character member set
The member of the member, then newly-built relevant position that are marked in the scope for being Vdown to Vup；Otherwise existing member is taken；And
For the strAtomic in path constraint2(str, down, up) replaces with str position in Vdown to Vup scope
Each member, execution terminate；
If that currently select is the third atom function strAtomic3The pa-rameter symbols n of (str, n), in n codomain
Middle selective value Vn, Vn str character member is then generated, corresponding subscript is respectively indexv1,indexv2,
...indexvn, for the strAtomic in path constraint2(str, down, up) replaces with str position in indexv1,
indexv2,...indexvnEach member, execution terminates；
During atom function is explained, if character string member newly-built in the data structure of character string and existing word
The person of conspiring to create is accorded with to conflict, or the length attribute of data structure is undesirable, then atom function explains failure.
Step 8: after parameter value mistake, increased newly according to the pa-rameter symbols and parameter determination value selected in step 6
Constraint：Parameter current symbol can not take parameter current determination value, and change recovery extremely caused by atom function is explained into failure
Original state, perform step 6；
Step 9: using the method for interval arithmetic, the interval of symbol is reduced, step is gone to after reducing successfully
Five continue with the constraint of character late string；Otherwise, return to step eight；Until to current path constrain in all character strings at
Reason finishes, and goes to step 11；
Interval algorithm application reference number is：200810114262.5 the method for testing software of interval arithmetic " apply "；
Whether interval arithmetic is used to calculate meets to constrain and can provide current value to the value of current value type
Cause other symbol sections reduce result, therefore each step be numerical symbol selective value after, be required for carry out interval arithmetic
Reduced.
Step 10: a value is chosen in the codomain of current value type symbol is used as its determination value；Go to step 9.
If the value in current sign codomain was all selected and current sign is not the numeric type symbol of first selection,
The numeric type symbol of previous choosing value is then returned to as current sign, and goes to step 5；If current sign codomain is all
Value was all chosen and current sign is the symbol of first selection, then algorithm fails, and execution terminates.
Step 11: by constraint solving, all pa-rameter symbols in constraint expression formula are obtained for determination value, then combine
The relation of variable and symbol forms test case, and Test cases technology terminates；
A kind of method for automatically generating character string type test case, successively to the numerical parameter symbol in atom function,
Other numerical symbols carry out choosing value, if once choosing value fails for certain, and all values of current sign had all been attempted, then were returned to
A upper symbol, the value of a upper symbol is chosen again, choosing value next time is being carried out, if current sign is the first symbol for carrying out choosing value
Number, and all values all have attempted to, then and algorithm fails, and execution terminates.
Such as：It is given below the input comprising character string type and the code comprising character string function：
Case statement sequence 1->2->3, as input path, Test cases technology are carried out to the path：
First to inputting path 1->2->3 enter row constraint extraction, and the input path includes 3 sentences；
Character string function strlen (str) function is included in sentence 1, according to its parameter str, generates the number of character string type
According to structure, str_string is designated as, its character member set is sky, represents that the symbol of length attribute is designated as l, constraint extraction obtains
Character expression be str_string.l ＞ 3, string.l represents the length attribute of string.
Comprising condition it is strchr (str, c) in sentence 2！=null, according to the implication of this function：" in character string str
I-th of character is equal to c, and the character before i is not c, and i span is the length range of character string ", use atom
Function is indicated, and is introduced into a subfix i and symbol m for representing c positions in str, the symbol table that constraint extraction obtains
It is up to formula：
Str_string.l ＞ 0,0 ＜ i ＜ str_string.l, strAtomic1(str, i)=c and m ＜ i and
strAtomic2(str,0,m)≠c；
Comprising condition it is strchr (str, ' d')==null in sentence 2, according to the implication of this function：" character string
Each character in str is not ' d' ", it is indicated using atom function, the character expression that constraint extraction obtains is：
strAtomic2(str,0,str_string.l)≠'d'；
The process for entering row constraint extraction by symbolic execution technique terminates, and obtained path constraint is：
Str_string.l ＞ 3 and str_string.l ＞ 0 and 0 ＜ i ＜ str_string.l, strAtomic1
(str, i)=c, m ＜ i and strAtomic2(str, 0, m) ≠ c and strAtomic2(str,0,str_string.l)≠'
d'；
Then, constraint solving is carried out, atom function is included in path constraint, takes wherein first atom function
strAtomic1(str, i), belong to the first atom function, it is 5 that value, which is assumed parameter i therein,；
According to i value 5, first atom function is explained：Collect in character string str_string character member
The member that subscript is 5 is not present in conjunction, therefore newly-built character member on the position " 5 " in str_string, this member are designated as
str_string[5]；Then for first atom function strAtomic in path constraint1(str, i) is entered using this member
Row is replaced, and symbol i is replaced with 5；Path constraint after replacing it is：
Str_string [5]=c；The ＜ str_string.l of 0 ＜ 5；M ＜ 5；
Using the method for interval arithmetic, to carrying out interval arithmetic in path constraint, the interval of each symbol is entered
Row reduction；
Atom function is still included in path constraint, takes wherein first atom function strAtomic2(str, 0, m), category
In second of atom function, second parameter is it has been determined that be 2 to undetermined parameter m values；
According to m value 2, atom function is explained：In character string str_string character member set not
The member that subscript is 0,1,2, therefore the newly-built member in str_string be present, be designated as str_string [0], str_ respectively
String [1], str_string [2]；Then for the atom function strAtomic in path constraint2(str, 0, m) uses this
A little members are replaced and the symbol m in constraint are replaced with 2；Path constraint after replacing it is：
2<5, str_string [0] ≠ c, str_string [1] ≠ c, str_string [2] ≠ c；
Using the method for interval arithmetic, to carrying out interval arithmetic in path constraint, the interval of each symbol is entered
Row reduction；
Atom function is still included in path constraint, takes wherein first atom function strAtomic2(str,0,str_
String.1), second of atom function is belonged to, second parameter to undetermined parameter str_string.l it has been determined that take
It is worth for 5；
According to str_string.l value 5, second of atom function is explained：Character string str_string's
In character member set, existing subscript is 0,1,2,5 member, therefore newly-built 3,4 member in str_string, respectively
It is designated as str_string [3], str_string [4]；Because now str_string.l represents the length of character string, and previous existence
Into value cause character string member str_string [5] occurred, it means that string length is at least 6, therefore data knot
The length attribute of structure is undesirable, explains failure, it is necessary to carry out choosing value again for current symbol, and increases constraint str_
string.l≠5
Atom function is still included in path constraint, takes wherein first atom function strAtomic2(str,0,str_
String.1), second of atom function is belonged to, second parameter is it has been determined that to wherein undetermined parameter str_
String.l values are 7；
According to str_string.l value 7, second of atom function is explained：Character string str_string's
In character member set, existing subscript is 0,1,2,5 member, thus newly-built 3 in str_string, 4,6 member, point
Str_string [3], str_string [4], str_string [6] are not designated as；Then for the atom function in path constraint
strAtomic2(str, 0, str_string.1) is replaced and right using by the member of position 0 to position 6
Symbol str_string.l in constraint is replaced with 7；Path constraint after replacing it is：
7>3,5>0,0<5<7, str_string [0] ≠ ' d', str_string [1] ≠ ' d', str_string [2] ≠ '
D', str_string [3] ≠ ' d', str_string [4] ≠ ' d', str_string [5] ≠ ' d', str_string [6] ≠ '
d'
Using the method for interval arithmetic, to carrying out interval arithmetic in path constraint, the interval of each symbol is entered
Row reduction；
Atom function is now no longer included in path constraint, therefore the value type symbol in path is selected successively
Value, it is assumed that be for the value type symbol choosing value in path constraint：
str_string[0]:' a', str_string [1]:' c', str_string [2]:' 5', str_string [3]:'
0', str_string [4]:' z', str_string [5]:' k', str_string [6]:' 4', c:'k'；
c:' k' be expressed as input parameter char types variable c generation test case value for character ' k'.
The test case of obtained character string is：" ac50zk4 ", this test case meet input path 1->2->3 pact
Beam；Same process is carried out to remaining path of program successively, until the generation of all path testing use-cases finishes, test case is automatic
Generating process terminates.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. method for automatically generating character string type test case, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Step 1: for the execution route of source program, symbolic execution technique is used respectively to each sentence of every execution route Enter row constraint extraction, obtain the character string constraint of each sentence；Step 2: taking the character string of current statement to constrain, judge whether to include character string function, if comprising performing step Three；Otherwise step 4 is performed；Current statement initial value is first sentence；Step 3: according to character string function represented semanteme in the paths, the combination of intermediate variable and atom function is used To represent the function；Atom function includes 3, is respectively：(1) an i member is designated as under accessing in character string str, atom function is strAtomic1(str, i), pa-rameter symbols For：Str and i；(2) while subscript is accessed in character string str by down to up | up-down+1 | individual member, atom function are： strAtomic2(str, down, up), pa-rameter symbols are：str,down,up；(3) while the member of n undefined position in str is accessed, atom function is：strAtomic3(str, n), pa-rameter symbols For：str,n；Intermediate variable refers to the position of the parametric variable in addition to str in three kinds of atom functions, is value type；Step 4: order chooses next statement return to step two, until current statement is tail sentence, all character strings are exported about Beam, and be all numeric type symbols of intermediate variable, generate initial codomain；Step 5: judge whether current value type symbol is the parameter of atom function, if going to step 6；Otherwise step is gone to Rapid ten；Step 6: for current atom function parameter in initial codomain choosing value as the parameter determination value, perform step 7；Step 7: according to the parameter determination value of atom function, atom function is explained, if explaining failure, illustrates ginseng Number value mistake, goes to execution step 8；Otherwise step 9 is performed；Specific explanations process is：If that currently select is the first atom function strAtomic1The pa-rameter symbols i of (str, i), A value Vi is selected in i codomain, if the member that subscript is Vi is not present in str character member set, is designated as under newly-built Vi member；Otherwise the member that position in str is Vi is taken；Then for the strAtomic in path constraint1(str, i) is replaced For the member of position Vi in str, execution terminates；If that currently select is second of atom function strAtomic2The pa-rameter symbols down and up of (str, down, up), In down and up codomain distinguish selective value Vdown and Vup, if in str character member set be not present subscript be Vdown extremely The member of member in Vup scope, then newly-built relevant position；Otherwise existing member, and for path constraint is taken In strAtomic2(str, down, up) replaces with member of the position in Vdown to Vup scope in str, performs knot Beam；If that currently select is the third atom function strAtomic3The pa-rameter symbols n of (str, n), the selective value in n codomain Vn, Vn str character member is then generated, corresponding subscript is respectively indexv1,indexv2,...indexvn, for road StrAtomic in the constraint of footpath2(str, down, up) replaces with str position in indexv1,indexv2,...indexvn's Each member, execution terminate；During atom function is explained, if character member newly-built in the data structure of character string and existing character member Conflict, or the length attribute of data structure are undesirable, then atom function explains failure；Step 8: after parameter value mistake, increase new constraint according to the pa-rameter symbols and parameter determination value selected in step 6： Parameter current symbol can not take parameter current determination value；And change recovery to original shape caused by atom function is explained into failure State, return to step 6；Step 9: using interval arithmetic method, the interval of pa-rameter symbols is reduced, step 5 is gone to after reducing successfully Continue with the constraint of character late string；Otherwise, return to step eight；Until to all string processings in constraining current path Finish, go to step 11；Step 10: a value is chosen in the codomain of current value type symbol is used as its determination value；Go to step 9；Step 11: if the pa-rameter symbols of all character strings constraint are obtained for determination value, with reference to the relation of variable and symbol Test case is formed, Test cases technology terminates.
- 2. a kind of method for automatically generating character string type test case as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described The data structure symbol that character string type uses includes two attributes：1) it is character member property, using " subscript " _ " charactor " as key The set of value pair；2) it is length attribute.
- 3. a kind of method for automatically generating character string type test case as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described Step 6 is specially：Judge whether current atom function is the first atom function strAtomic1(str, i), if it is, A value is selected in codomain for second parameter i, execution terminates；Otherwise judge whether current atom function is second of atom Function strAtomic2(str, down, up), respectively selected in its codomain if it is, being followed successively by second and third parameter down, up One value, execution terminate；Otherwise, current atom function is the third atom function strAtomic3(str, n), for second ginseng Number n selects a value in its codomain, and execution terminates.
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