CN105221767B - 一种零摩擦硬密封蝶阀 - Google Patents
一种零摩擦硬密封蝶阀 Download PDFInfo
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- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/16—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
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- F16K1/22—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
- F16K1/221—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves specially adapted operating means therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/16—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
- F16K1/18—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
- F16K1/22—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
- F16K1/224—Details of bearings for the axis of rotation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/16—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
- F16K1/18—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
- F16K1/22—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
- F16K1/226—Shaping or arrangements of the sealing
- F16K1/2261—Shaping or arrangements of the sealing the sealing being arranged on the valve member
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/16—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
- F16K1/18—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
- F16K1/22—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
- F16K1/226—Shaping or arrangements of the sealing
- F16K1/2263—Shaping or arrangements of the sealing the sealing being arranged on the valve seat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/32—Details
- F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
- F16K1/42—Valve seats
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/44—Mechanical actuating means
- F16K31/53—Mechanical actuating means with toothed gearing
- F16K31/54—Mechanical actuating means with toothed gearing with pinion and rack
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Abstract
本发明公开一种零摩擦硬密封蝶阀,其特征在于该蝶阀包括阀门、阀体、阀座、蝶板、阀轴、导向槽、不完全齿轮、齿条、1号导向轴、2号导向轴、自润滑轴套、联动杆、间歇机构及驱动手柄和密封装置,阀体开有通孔,且在通孔处焊接有阀颈,同时阀体内圆周面焊接有阀座,阀座外圆面为圆锥面;所述蝶板为移动式蝶板,圆环状结构,在蝶板的外圆处安装有硬密封圈,所述的移动式是指蝶板能够先沿着阀体的轴向做平动,然后再以1号导向轴为中心转动,零摩擦地打开蝶板的运动结构方式;蝶板与1号导向轴相连接;所述1号导向轴安装在导向槽当中,同时1号导向轴穿过齿条,且1号导向轴与齿条连接处也为过盈配合;所述2号导向轴也安装在导向槽中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及阀门技术,特别是一种零摩擦硬密封蝶阀。
背景技术
硬密封蝶阀通常包括有阀体、阀杆、阀板和阀座,阀板在阀体内可作旋转运动,阀座镶在阀体的内圆周,阀座的内环面与镶在阀板的外圆周上的密封环组成密封副,在阀门关闭状态下依靠阀板的径向压缩和正向介质的轴向推力使密封环紧贴在阀座上,发生弹性变形,产生密封比压,实现阀板与阀体间的密封。已有技术中由于结构的原因,密封副间的密封比压固定不变,阀板开启和关闭时,密封副间总存在着摩擦,使得启闭阀门的力矩增大,启闭速度减慢,频繁的启闭也容易造成密封面磨损,密封性能下降,最终导致阀门泄漏。现在市场当中的三杆蝶阀可以在很大程度上解决磨损问题。三杆蝶阀的工作原理是由驱动机构驱动传动轴旋转,传动轴带动传动连杆,传动连杆带动传动板,传动板带动蝶板动作,并通过连杆机构实现阀门的启闭。由于特殊的连杆机构设计使得三杆蝶阀能够在开始打开时瞬时平动,然后再旋转打开,从而减小了蝶板外檐密封材料与阀座内圈的摩擦。但是三杆蝶阀仍存在着不足:1、三杆蝶阀在打开瞬间是平动,但平动不是沿着阀体轴线方向平动,且平动距离较小,不能完全实现零摩擦;2、蝶板动作不灵活,在开启和打开的过程中存在卡死现象;3、启闭不到位,容易造成泄漏。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明拟解决的技术问题是:提供一种零摩擦硬密封蝶阀。该蝶阀的蝶板可以沿着阀体轴向移动,密封副之间无摩擦(即零摩擦),且密封比压均匀,使用寿命长,驱动方式多样,同时结构简单,制造容易,成本低廉。
本发明解决所述技术问题的技术方案是:设计一种零摩擦硬密封蝶阀,其特征在于该蝶阀包括阀体、阀座、蝶板、阀杆、导向槽、不完全齿轮、齿条、1号导向轴、2号导向轴、自润滑轴套、联动杆、间歇机构及驱动装置和密封装置,所述阀体开有通孔,且在通孔处焊接有阀颈,同时所述的阀体内圆周面焊接有阀座,阀座外圆面为圆锥面;所述蝶板为移动式蝶板,圆环状结构,在蝶板的外圆处安装有硬密封圈,所述的移动式是指蝶板能够先沿着阀体的轴向做平动,然后再以1号导向轴为中心转动,零摩擦地打开蝶板的运动结构方式;蝶板与1号导向轴相连接;所述1号导向轴安装在导向槽当中,同时1号导向轴穿过齿条,且1号导向轴与齿条连接处为过盈配合;所述2号导向轴也安装在导向槽中,同时2号导向轴也穿过齿条,且2号导向轴与齿条连接处为过盈配合;所述导向槽焊接在阀体内壁上,导向槽包括槽体和端盖两部分,在端盖上连接有压缩弹簧,弹簧的另一端顶紧齿条,能够推动齿条沿着阀体轴向作平动,同时限制齿条轴向运动结束之后的轴向游动;所述齿条为直齿,且开有两个直径相同的通孔;所述阀杆的一端连接有通过键轴向定位的不完全齿轮,连接处的配合方式为过盈配合,通过键的配合阀杆能够将运动和力矩传递给不完全齿轮;所述不完全齿轮为只留有两个齿的直齿轮,不完全齿轮与齿条相啮合,在阀杆运动一段时间后不完全齿轮与齿条脱离啮合,使齿条运动一段时候后停止运动;所述联动杆由主动连杆和从动连杆铆接组成,联动杆一端与阀杆连接,另一端与间歇机构相连接;所述间歇机构为能够实现空行程的几何形状结构,间歇机构与蝶板相连接,使蝶板在平动时不会转动,而在平动结束之后,蝶板才能开始转动,打开蝶阀;所述驱动装置与阀杆连接;所述蝶板的转动轴线与密封副平面之间存在轴向偏心,蝶阀为单偏心结构。
与现有技术相比,本发明蝶阀的有益效果是:
1、效能提高。本发明蝶阀通过齿轮齿条和间歇机构的巧妙合,将一个周向旋转运动转化为了一个沿轴线的平动和一个旋转运动。从而实现了蝶板先平动一段距离与阀座密封副脱离,然后再在无摩擦的情况下旋转打开。这种独特的设计避免了阀板在转动时密封副之间产生摩擦力,可使阀门的使用寿命由目前的几千次提高到几十万次。并且开启阀板时,阀板两边的介质压力已卸掉大部分,所以启闭力矩大大减小,仅为一般蝶阀的10%左右,可使驱动装置和执行机构型号相应减少,从而降低了成本,节约了能源,同时提高了启闭速度。
2、易于制造。本发明蝶阀结构紧凑,且结构加工和装配容易,操作简单轻便,生产制造比较容易。
3、密封性好。本发明蝶阀阀门关闭时,蝶板转到原位置后,蝶板在齿轮齿条的作用下压向阀座密封副,直至蝶板压紧阀座密封副,能保证密封面之间均匀的密封比压,密封性能提高。
4、适用性广。本发明蝶阀的驱动方式多样,可采用电动、手动液动或气动方式驱动,使用非常方便。
附图说明
图1是本发明零摩擦硬密封蝶阀一种实施例的整体结构左视图;
图2是本发明零摩擦硬密封蝶阀一种实施例的图1中A-A剖面结构示意图;
图3是本发明零摩擦硬密封蝶阀一种实施例的图2中Ⅰ处局部放大结构示意图;
图4是本发明零摩擦硬密封蝶阀一种实施例的图1中B-B刨面结构示意图;
图5是本发明零摩擦硬密封蝶阀一种实施例的图1中C-C刨面结构示意图;
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及其附图进一步叙述本发明,但它不限制本发明申请的权利要求。
本发明设计的一种零摩擦硬密封蝶阀(以下简称蝶阀,参见图1-5),主体结构包括阀体1、阀座2、蝶板3、阀杆9、导向槽10′(槽体10、端盖22)、不完全齿轮11、齿条12、1号导向轴13、2号导向轴13.1、自润滑轴套14、联动杆15′、间歇机构17及其驱动装置和密封装置,所述阀体1开有通孔,且在通孔处焊接有阀颈8,同时所述的阀体1内圆周面焊接有阀座2,阀座2外圆面为圆锥面;所述蝶板3为圆环状结构,在蝶板3的外圆处安装有硬密封圈3.1(参见图3)的移动式蝶板,所述的移动式是指蝶板3能够先沿着阀体1的轴向做平动,然后再以1号导向轴13为中心转动,零摩擦打开蝶板的运动结构方式,蝶板3与1号导向轴13相连接,且蝶板3与1号导向轴13连接处通过过盈配合安装有自润滑轴套14,自润滑轴套14与1号导向轴13的配合关系为间隙配合,其主要功能是减小蝶板3在以1号导向轴13为中心转动打开时的摩擦力;所述1号导向轴13安装在导向槽10当中,同时1号导向轴13穿过齿条12,且1号导向轴13与齿条12连接处配合方式为过盈配合;所述2号导向轴13.1也安装在导向槽10当中,同时2号导向轴13.1也穿过齿条12,且2号导向轴13.1与齿条12连接处配合方式为过盈配合,1号导向轴13和2号导向轴13.1相配合能够保证齿条12沿着导向槽10平动;所述导向槽10焊接在阀体1内壁上,导向槽10′包括槽体10和端盖22两部分,在端盖22上连接有压缩弹3,弹簧3的另一端顶紧齿条12,能够推动齿条12沿着阀体1轴向作平动,同时限制齿条12轴向运动结束之后的轴向游动;所述齿条12为直齿,且开有两个直径相同的通孔;所述阀杆9的一端连接有通过键轴向定位的不完全齿轮11,连接处的配合方式为过盈配合,通过键的配合阀杆9能够将运动和力矩传递给不完全齿轮11;所述的不完全齿轮11为直齿轮,只留有两个齿,不完全齿轮11与齿条12相啮合,在阀杆9运动一段时间后不完全齿轮11与齿条12脱离啮合,使齿条12运动一段时间后停止运动;所述联动杆15′由主动连杆15和从动连杆16两个连杆通过铆接组成。联动杆15′一端与阀杆9连接,另一端与间歇机构17相连接;所述间歇机构17为能够实现空行程的几何形状结构,间歇机构17与蝶板3相连接,实现蝶板3在平动时不会转动,而在平动结束之后,蝶板3才能开始转动,打开蝶阀;所述驱动装置与阀杆9连接。
本发明所述阀体上带有阀座,阀座的内圆面为正圆锥面,密封件的外圆面为与所述阀座内圆面锥度相同的正圆锥面。
本发明所述导向轴与蝶板的连接为间隙配合连接,蝶板能够在阀体内绕1号导向轴旋转运动。
本发明所述蝶板与1号导向轴连接处通过过盈配合安装有自润滑轴套,自润滑轴套与1号导向轴为间隙配合。
本发明所述阀座的外圆面表面喷涂有密封材料。密封材料为公知技术。
本发明蝶阀的密封方式主要是通过已有的密封方式进行密封,主要方式为阀杆9与焊接有阀颈8的阀体1之间装有填料6,填料6通过填料压盖5被压紧,阀颈8的外端有上阀盖4和下阀盖18,上下阀盖4和18与阀颈8通过螺栓连接。
所述蝶阀的驱动装置与阀杆9连接。本发明蝶阀的驱动即可以手动驱动,也可以电动驱动。在本发明当中给出一种手动驱动装置,主要包括定位盘19、外手柄20、内手柄21,所述的定位盘19为开有齿的圆盘,通过螺栓连接在上阀盖18上;所述的外手柄20通过半圆键连接在阀杆9上;所述的内手柄21通过铆钉连接在外手柄20上,并与定位盘19相配合。工作方式,打开时按压内手柄21旋转打开,关闭时松开内手柄21关闭。
本发明蝶阀的工作原理(参见图1-5)和过程是:阀门开启时,阀门关闭状态如图5所示,蝶板3打开过程的运动方式如下,手握驱动手柄并按下内手柄21,转动手柄带动阀杆9转动,阀杆9上连接有不完全齿轮11,不完全齿轮11与齿条12啮合,从而推动齿条12向右平动,由于齿条12连接有1号导向轴13,并且蝶板3连接在1号导向轴13上,因此齿条12向右平动的过程当中会带动蝶板3沿着阀体1轴向向右平动,实现蝶板3平动的动作过程。在蝶板3平动的过程中,主动连杆15会跟这阀杆9一起转动,主动连杆15带动从动连杆16转动,从动连杆16带动间歇机构17转动。由于间歇机构17的作用,在蝶板3向右平动的过程中,蝶板3不会有转动。当不完全齿轮11最后一个齿脱离齿条12时,蝶板3平动到最右端,停止平动;与此同时,间歇机构17达到极限,在此之后,阀杆9带动主动连杆15,主动连杆15带动从动连杆16,从动连杆16通过间歇机构17带动蝶板3开始旋转,蝶板3旋转90度阀门打开。本发明蝶阀实现了蝶板3先平动再旋转打开的动作过程,从而实现了零摩擦。阀门关闭时,逆向旋转手柄,带动阀杆9反方向转动,阀杆9带动主动连杆15和不完全齿轮11转动,由于间歇机构17的作用,阀杆9在开始阶段有一段空行程,当间歇机构17到达极限位置,阀杆9通过主动连杆15、从动连杆16和间歇机构带动蝶板3反向旋转,阀杆9旋转一定角度之后不完全齿轮11与齿条12接触啮合,不完全齿轮推动齿条12向左平动,齿条12推动蝶板3向左平动,此时蝶板3既有平动又有转动。当蝶板3转动到竖直时,不完全齿轮11推动齿条12恰好将其压紧在阀座2之上,阀门关闭。
本发明蝶阀相对于其他蝶阀设计的区别特征之一是采用了齿轮齿条结构,因此该蝶阀也称之为齿轮齿条零摩擦硬密封蝶阀。同时,所述的零摩擦与无摩擦是相同的概念。
本发明未述及之处适用于现有技术。同时借鉴现有技术产生的不同具体实施方式均为本发明的具体实施方式。
Claims (5)
1.一种零摩擦硬密封蝶阀,其特征在于该蝶阀包括阀体、阀座、蝶板、阀杆、导向槽、不完全齿轮、齿条、1号导向轴、2号导向轴、自润滑轴套、联动杆、间歇机构及驱动装置和密封装置,所述阀体开有通孔,且在通孔处焊接有阀颈,同时所述的阀体内圆周面焊接有阀座,阀座外圆面为圆锥面;所述蝶板为移动式蝶板,圆环状结构,在蝶板的外圆处安装有硬密封圈,所述的移动式是指蝶板能够先沿着阀体的轴向做平动,然后再以1号导向轴为中心转动,零摩擦地打开蝶板的运动结构方式;蝶板与1号导向轴相连接;所述1号导向轴安装在导向槽当中,同时1号导向轴穿过齿条,且1号导向轴与齿条连接处也为过盈配合;所述2号导向轴也安装在导向槽中,同时2号导向轴也穿过齿条,且2号导向轴与齿条连接处为过盈配合;所述导向槽焊接在阀体内壁上,导向槽包括槽体和端盖两部分,在端盖上连接有压缩弹簧,弹簧的另一端顶紧齿条,能够推动齿条沿着阀体轴向作平动,同时限制齿条轴向运动结束之后的轴向游动;所述齿条为直齿,且开有两个直径相同的通孔;所述阀杆的一端连接有通过键轴向定位的不完全齿轮,连接处的配合方式为过盈配合,通过键的配合阀杆能够将运动和力矩传递给不完全齿轮;所述不完全齿轮为只留有两个齿的直齿轮,不完全齿轮与齿条相啮合,在阀杆运动一段时间后不完全齿轮与齿条脱离啮合,使齿条运动一段时候后停止运动;所述联动杆由主动连杆和从动连杆铆接组成,联动杆一端与阀杆连接,另一端与间歇机构相连接;所述间歇机构为能够实现空行程的几何形状结构,间歇机构与蝶板相连接,使蝶板在平动时不会转动,而在平动结束之后,蝶板才能开始转动,打开蝶阀;所述驱动装置与阀杆连接;所述蝶板的转动轴线与密封副平面之间存在轴向偏心,蝶阀为单偏心结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的零摩擦硬密封蝶阀,其特征在于所述阀体上带有阀座,阀座的内圆面为正圆锥面,硬密封圈的外圆面为与所述阀座内圆面锥度相同的正圆锥面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的零摩擦硬密封蝶阀,其特征在于所述1号导向轴与蝶板为间隙配合连接,蝶板能够在阀体内绕导向轴旋转运动。
4.根据权利要求1所述的零摩擦硬密封蝶阀,其特征在于所述蝶板与1号导向轴连接处通过过盈配合安装有自润滑轴套,自润滑轴套与1号导向轴为间隙配合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的零摩擦硬密封蝶阀,其特征在于所述阀座的外圆面表面喷涂有密封材料。
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