CN105221193B - Method for designing axial-flow turbine and single-side radial exhaust steam/gas system - Google Patents

Method for designing axial-flow turbine and single-side radial exhaust steam/gas system Download PDF

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CN105221193B
CN105221193B CN201410260919.4A CN201410260919A CN105221193B CN 105221193 B CN105221193 B CN 105221193B CN 201410260919 A CN201410260919 A CN 201410260919A CN 105221193 B CN105221193 B CN 105221193B
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axial
steam discharge
flow
turbine
gas system
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CN105221193A (en
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付经伦
刘建军
周嗣京
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Zhongke Hefei Medium Gas Turbine Research Institute Co., Ltd.
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Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for designing axial-flow turbines and single-side radial exhaust steam/gas systems. The method comprises the following steps: step S1, obtaining the design of axial-flow turbines and exhaust steam/gas pressure expanders, and building an axial-flow turbine outlet flow field database; step S2, obtaining the primary design of the exhaust steam/gas systems by using the axial-flow turbine outlet flow field database, and obtaining a primary design scheme of the exhaust steam/gas systems by using non-constant coupled flow field analysis results of the turbines and the exhaust steam/gas systems; and step S3, carrying out flow-solid coupling analysis on the turbines under the influence of non-axisymmetrical non-constant flow fields of the exhaust steam/gas systems to obtain the flow-solid coupling design scheme of the axial-flow turbines and single-side radial exhaust steam/gas systems. The method can be used for designing the turbines and the exhaust steam/gas systems of all the single-side radial exhaust steam/gas axial-flow steam turbines/gas turbines.

Description

A kind of axial-flow turbine and unilateral radial direction steam discharge/design of gas system method
Technical field
The invention belongs to turbine and steam discharge/gas systems technology field, it is related to a kind of axial-flow turbine and unilateral radial direction steam discharge/gas The method for designing of system.
Background technology
Unilateral radial direction steam discharge/gas system is usually used in high-power condensing turbine and Vessel personnel, for by turbine The leaving velocity kinetic energy of outlet is converted to pressure potential, reduces turbine back pressure under given steam discharge/gas system outlet pressure condition, increases Turbine goes out work(, improves the thermal efficiency of unit.In unilateral radial direction steam discharge/gas internal system, due to turbine steam discharge/gas from paraxial to turning It is changed into radially, thus producing non-axis symmetry flow field in turbine outlet, along with the pressure fluctuation of steam discharge/gas internal system, Turbine back pressure is all changed, turbine blade is acted on by low frequency unsteady aerodynamic force, shadow with circumferential position and time Ring the safety of turbine blade.Meanwhile, the Flow Field Distribution of turbine outlet also affects steam discharge/gas internal system flowing, causes row Vapour/gas system diffuser flow separates, and reduces and even completely loses the recovery ability that turbine is exported with leaving velocity kinetic energy, and also meeting Increase the unsteady pulsation amplitude of steam discharge/gas internal system flowing, impact turbine blade runs safety further.Research shows, Blade can vibrate under Aerodynamic force action, and the blade unstability being induced by flow induced vibrations and fatigue failure are to cause blade damage Principal element.Pneumatic by force interaction between axial-flow turbine and unilateral radial direction steam discharge/gas system, to generatine set heat efficiency with thoroughly Flat blade runs safety and all can produce material impact, takes into account the two in turbine and steam discharge/gas system pneumatic design phase internal non- The impact to each part aeroperformance and operation secure context for the permanent coupling flow field, is conducive to rationalization and using therebetween Unsteady coupling flow field, reduce the aerodynamic loss of turbine and steam discharge/gas system, reduce blade aerodynamic exciting force, improve blade Air damping, meets multi-part (i.e. turbine and steam discharge/gas system) in multiple physical field (i.e. pneumatic, structural strength, reliability simultaneously Property) aspect design requirement.And in existing through-flow method for designing, generally using turbine with gas extraction system as two independent part Part, and using the Aerodynamic of all parts as independent design object, do not consider steam discharge/gas system to turbine blade yet Run the impact of safety.The present invention extracts the multiple parameters of performance under impact multiple physical field (i.e. pneumatic, structural strength, reliability) As design object, turbine blade row and steam discharge/gas system multi-part are met with pneumatic and security objectives simultaneously and is set Meter, is had compared with conventional method for designing and is clearly distinguished from.
Content of the invention
(1) problem to be solved
The purpose of the present invention is to disclose a kind of axial-flow turbine and unilateral radial direction steam discharge/design of gas system method, takes into full account Unsteady between turbine and steam discharge/gas system couples flow field and this impact to blade safety for coupling flow field, simultaneously Meet and improve turbine and steam discharge/gas system aeroperformance and reduce the design requirement that turbine blade lost efficacy, reach raising axial-flow type The generatine set heat efficiency of steam turbine and gas turbine and the target running safety, the design method is applied to any one side footpath Turbine and steam discharge/gas system to the xial flow steam turbine of steam discharge/gas and gas turbine.
(2) technical scheme
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, a kind of axial-flow turbine of the present invention and unilateral radial direction steam discharge/design of gas system method, including Step is as follows:
Step s1: obtain axial-flow turbine and steam discharge/gas diffuser Design, build axial-flow turbine exit flow field data base;
Step s2: using axial-flow turbine exit flow field data base, obtain steam discharge/gas system Preliminary design, using to turbine With the unsteady coupling flow field analysis result of steam discharge/gas system, obtain steam discharge/gas system preliminary project;
Step s3: wind-structure interaction is carried out to the turbine under the influence of steam discharge/gas system non-axis symmetry Unsteady Flow, obtains Fluid structurecoupling design to axial-flow turbine and unilateral radial direction steam discharge/gas system.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention considers that secure side to the two aeroperformance and is run in turbine couple flow field unsteady with steam discharge/gas system The impact in face, is designed to turbine and steam discharge/gas system two part, meets multi-part (i.e. turbine and steam discharge/gas system) and exists The design requirement of multiple physical field (i.e. pneumatic and structural life-time) aspect.
The axial-flow turbine of the present invention and unilateral radial direction steam discharge/design of gas system method, one be both can guarantee that turbine and steam discharge/ Gas system has good aeroperformance simultaneously so that in the case of unit thermal parameter is constant, turbine goes out work(to be increased, and improves machine The group thermal efficiency;Two is to couple flow field with the unsteady non-axis symmetry in steam discharge/gas system by rationalization's turbine, weakens because of coupling The blade vibration that interflow field is caused, reduces the occurrence probability that flow induced vibrations cause unstability and failure accidents, improves unit operation peace Entirely.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is existing turbine and steam discharge/gas system pneumatic design cycle schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the axial-flow turbine of the present invention and unilateral radial direction steam discharge/gas system Pneumatic design method schematic flow sheet;
Fig. 3 is the embodiment flow chart obtaining axial-flow turbine and steam discharge/gas diffuser Design;
Fig. 4 is the embodiment flow chart obtaining steam discharge/gas system preliminary project;
Fig. 5 is the embodiment flow chart obtaining axial-flow turbine and the pneumatic design scheme of unilateral radial direction steam discharge/gas system;
Fig. 6 is that the axial-flow turbine of the present invention is illustrated with unilateral radial direction steam discharge/gas system Pneumatic design method specific embodiment Figure.
Specific embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference Accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
The axial-flow turbine of the present invention and unilateral radial direction steam discharge/design of gas system method, based on to turbine blade row and one side The impact to blade strength and life-span for the pneumatic by force interaction and this Coupled Flow between radial direction steam discharge/gas system it is proposed that A kind of new method for designing.This method for designing from pneumatic, structure, life-span many levels propose design object, to axial-flow turbine with Non-axis symmetry steam discharge/gas system carries out unsteady careful design as an entirety.In order to ensure turbine under actual motion environment With steam discharge/gas system there is good diffusion ability simultaneously, and improve the operation safety of turbine blade, to improve turbine in design Pneumatic efficiency, steam discharge/gas system pressure recovery coefficient, reduces turbine fluid exciting force, increases Turbine pneumatic and damps as overall design Target, proposes new design requirement to the pneumatic design of turbine blade row and unilateral radial direction steam discharge/gas system.Specific design will Ask: Turbine pneumatic efficiency >=90%;Steam discharge/gas system pressure recovery coefficient >=0.3;The vibration stress that blade fluid exciting causes Less than material allowable stress;Air damping during blade fluid exciting > 0.According to design requirement, on the one hand require turbine flow field and row Vapour/gas system flow field matches it is ensured that Turbine pneumatic efficiency and steam discharge/gas system pressure recovery capability are simultaneously preferable;Another Aspect requires under the two non-axis symmetry unsteady coupling flow, and the pneumatic exciting force that turbine blade is experienced is less, gas Dynamic damping is larger.By to axial-flow turbine and unilateral radial direction steam discharge/unsteady careful design of gas system, realize turbine and steam discharge/ The optimum pneumatic of gas system mates it is ensured that turbine and steam discharge/gas system have well pneumatic property and higher-security simultaneously.
Turbine blade is designed with steam discharge/gas system, full with steam discharge/gas system except requiring turbine blade in design In design that Football Association's body is through-flow to respective aeroperformance proposed requirement it is also contemplated that therebetween in esse by force pneumatic mutually Effect, takes into account influencing each other between the two flow field or limits, and this coupling flow field impact to blade strength and life-span.Foundation Fig. 2-Fig. 6 Axial-Flow turbine is summarised as step s1 with unilateral radial direction steam discharge/design of gas system flow process: obtains axial-flow turbine and row Vapour/gas diffuser Design, build axial-flow turbine exit flow field data base specifically includes step: step s11: to axial-flow turbine leaf Piece molded line, long-pending superimposing thread and steam discharge/gas diffuser molded line carry out coupling pneumatic design it is ensured that in turbine and steam discharge/gas diffuser coupling Under the influence of the field of interflow, obtain the axial-flow turbine pneumatic efficiency of design requirement, diffuser pressure recovery coefficient meets design simultaneously will Ask;Step s12: countershaft stream Turbine pneumatic efficiency, whether diffuser pressure recovery coefficient meets design requirement is judged, if Axial-flow turbine pneumatic efficiency, diffuser pressure recovery coefficient meet design requirement, that is, obtain axial-flow turbine and diffuser tentatively sets Meter scheme, then execution step s13;If axial-flow turbine pneumatic efficiency, diffuser pressure recovery coefficient do not meet design requirement, Return to step s11;Step s13: change diffuser back pressure, calculate axial-flow turbine and couple flow field with steam discharge/gas diffuser, build not With the axial-flow turbine exit flow field data base under backpressure condition.
Step s2: using axial-flow turbine exit flow field data base, obtain steam discharge/gas system Preliminary design, using to turbine With the unsteady coupling flow field analysis result of steam discharge/gas system, obtain steam discharge/gas system preliminary project;The described row of acquisition The concrete steps of vapour/gas system preliminary project include: step s21: in axial-flow turbine exit flow field Basis of Database, examine Consider the impact of axial-flow turbine exit flow field distribution, unilateral radial direction steam discharge/gas system is carried out with unsteady pneumatic design, meet row Vapour/gas system pressure recovery coefficient, inlet pressure circumference change relative magnitude and pressure unsteady pulsation amplitude design requirement;Step Rapid s22: couple flow field unsteady with steam discharge/gas system is analyzed to axial-flow turbine, countershaft stream Turbine pneumatic efficiency, steam discharge/ Whether gas system pressure recovery coefficient, steam discharge/gas entrance flow field circumference change relative magnitude and pressure unsteady pulsation amplitude are full Sufficient design requirement is judged, if axial-flow turbine pneumatic efficiency, steam discharge/gas system pressure recovery coefficient, steam discharge/gas entrance stream The field even degree of circumferential asymmetry and pressure unsteady pulsation amplitude meet design requirement, execution step s23;If axial-flow turbine is pneumatic Efficiency, steam discharge/gas system pressure recovery coefficient, steam discharge/gas entrance flow field circumference change relative magnitude and the unsteady pulsation of pressure Amplitude does not meet design requirement, then return to step s21;Step s23: obtain steam discharge/gas system preliminary project.
Step s3: wind-structure interaction is carried out to the turbine under the influence of steam discharge/gas system non-axis symmetry Unsteady Flow, obtains Fluid structurecoupling design to axial-flow turbine and unilateral radial direction steam discharge/gas system;Described non-to steam discharge/gas system non-axis symmetry The concrete measure of the turbine fluid structurecoupling design under the influence of steady flow field is described below: step s31: axial-flow turbine and steam discharge/ Under gas system non-axis symmetry nonstationary flow field action, obtain axial-flow turbine wind-structure interaction result;Step s32: countershaft stream is saturating Whether the pneumatic exciting force of flat blade and air damping meet design requirement and are judged, if axial-flow turbine blade aerodynamic excited vibration Stress and air damping meet requirement, then execution step s33, if the gentle dynamic damping of axial-flow turbine blade aerodynamic exciting dynamic stress It is unsatisfactory for requiring, then return to step s11;Step s33: obtain axial-flow turbine and set with unilateral radial direction steam discharge/gas system fluid structurecoupling Meter.
(1) turbine blade molded line, long-pending superimposing thread and steam discharge/gas diffuser molded line are carried out coupling pneumatic design it is ensured that two Under person's coupling flow, axial-flow turbine pneumatic efficiency, diffuser pressure recovery coefficient meet design requirement simultaneously.Step s12 Described in axial-flow turbine pneumatic efficiency, the design requirement of diffuser pressure recovery coefficient: a. turbine blade pneumatic efficiency >= 90%;B. diffuser pressure recovery coefficient >=0.5;
(2) change diffuser back pressure, calculate axial-flow turbine and couple flow field with steam discharge/gas diffuser, set up different back pressure bars Under part, turbine exit flow field data base.
(3) it is considered to the impact of turbine exit flow field distribution on the basis of turbine preliminary project, radially arrange to unilateral Vapour/gas system carries out unsteady, accurate pneumatic design, even to steam discharge/gas system pressure recovery coefficient, inlet pressure circumferential asymmetry Degree and pressure unsteady pulsation amplitude propose design requirement.Steam discharge described in step s21/gas system pressure recovery coefficient, The design requirement of inlet pressure circumference change relative magnitude and pressure unsteady pulsation amplitude is: a. steam discharge/gas system pressure is extensive Complex coefficient >=0.3;B. pressure distribution circumference change relative magnitude < 10%;C. unsteady pressure relative magnitude < 10%.
(4) analysis axial-flow turbine is unsteady with steam discharge/gas system couples flow field, investigates Turbine pneumatic efficiency, steam discharge/gas system Whether system pressure-recovery factor, steam discharge/even degree of gas entrance flow field circumferential asymmetry and pressure unsteady pulsation amplitude meet design Require.Axial-flow turbine pneumatic efficiency described in step s22, steam discharge/gas system pressure recovery coefficient, steam discharge/gas entrance flow field Circumference change relative magnitude and the design requirement of pressure unsteady pulsation amplitude: a. Turbine pneumatic efficiency >=90%;B. steam discharge/gas System pressure recovery coefficient >=0.3;C. pressure distribution circumference change relative magnitude < 10%;D. unsteady pressure is relative to width Value < 10%.As met design requirement, that is, obtain steam discharge/gas system preliminary project and determine, otherwise return to step (3);
(5) under turbine with steam discharge/gas system non-axis symmetry nonstationary flow field action, wind-structure interaction is carried out to turbine And design, investigate the pneumatic exciting force of turbine blade and whether air damping meets design requirement.Axial-flow turbine described in step s32 The design requirement of the gentle dynamic damping of blade aerodynamic exciting dynamic stress: a. blade maximum vibration stress < material allowable stress;B. pneumatic Damping>0, there is the probability<0.01% of tremor.If meet required, axial-flow turbine is solid with unilateral radial direction steam discharge/gas system stream Coupling Design completes, if being unsatisfactory for requiring, return to step (1), restarts new round design.
The above, the only specific embodiment in the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and appoints What be familiar with the people of this technology disclosed herein technical scope in it will be appreciated that the conversion expected or replacement, all should cover Within the scope of the comprising of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of axial-flow turbine and unilateral radial direction steam discharge/design of gas system method are it is characterised in that include:
Step s1: obtain axial-flow turbine and steam discharge/gas diffuser Design, build axial-flow turbine exit flow field data base;Described obtain Take axial-flow turbine and steam discharge/gas diffuser Design data, build axial-flow turbine exit flow field data base and specifically include step:
Step s11: countershaft stream turbine blade molded line, long-pending superimposing thread and steam discharge/gas diffuser molded line carry out coupling pneumatic design it is ensured that Couple under flow with steam discharge/gas diffuser in turbine, obtain axial-flow turbine pneumatic efficiency, the diffuser pressure of design requirement Recovery coefficient meets design requirement simultaneously;
Step s12: countershaft stream Turbine pneumatic efficiency, whether diffuser pressure recovery coefficient meets design requirement is judged, such as Fruit axial-flow turbine pneumatic efficiency, diffuser pressure recovery coefficient meet design requirement, that is, obtain axial-flow turbine and diffuser is preliminary Design, then execution step s13;If axial-flow turbine pneumatic efficiency, diffuser pressure recovery coefficient do not meet design requirement, Then return to step s11;
Step s13: change diffuser back pressure, calculate axial-flow turbine and couple flow field with steam discharge/gas diffuser, build different back pressure bars Axial-flow turbine exit flow field data base under part;
Step s2: using axial-flow turbine exit flow field data base, obtain steam discharge/gas system Preliminary design, using to turbine and row The unsteady coupling flow field analysis result of vapour/gas system, obtains steam discharge/gas system preliminary project;
Step s3: wind-structure interaction is carried out to the turbine under the influence of steam discharge/gas system non-axis symmetry Unsteady Flow, obtains axle Stream turbine and the fluid structurecoupling design of unilateral radial direction steam discharge/gas system.
2. method for designing as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that the described steam discharge/gas system preliminary project of obtaining Step includes:
Step s21: it is considered to the impact of axial-flow turbine exit flow field distribution in axial-flow turbine exit flow field Basis of Database, right Unilateral radial direction steam discharge/gas system carries out unsteady pneumatic design, meets steam discharge/gas system pressure recovery coefficient, inlet pressure week To change relative magnitude and pressure unsteady pulsation amplitude design requirement;
Step s22: couple flow field unsteady with steam discharge/gas system is analyzed to axial-flow turbine, countershaft stream Turbine pneumatic efficiency, Steam discharge/gas system pressure recovery coefficient, steam discharge/gas entrance flow field circumference change relative magnitude and pressure unsteady pulsation amplitude are No meet design requirement and judged, if axial-flow turbine pneumatic efficiency, steam discharge/gas system pressure recovery coefficient, steam discharge/gas enter The even degree of mouth flow field circumferential asymmetry and pressure unsteady pulsation amplitude meet design requirement, execution step s23;If axial-flow turbine Pneumatic efficiency, steam discharge/gas system pressure recovery coefficient, steam discharge/gas entrance flow field circumference change relative magnitude and pressure are unsteady Pulsation amplitude does not meet design requirement, then return to step s21;
Step s23: obtain steam discharge/gas system preliminary project.
3. method for designing as claimed in claim 1 it is characterised in that described to steam discharge/gas system non-axis symmetry nonstationary flow The step of the turbine fluid structurecoupling design under the influence of includes:
Step s31: under axial-flow turbine with steam discharge/gas system non-axis symmetry nonstationary flow field action, obtain axial-flow turbine stream solid Coupling analysis result;
Step s32: whether the pneumatic exciting force of countershaft stream turbine blade and air damping meet design requirement and judged, if axle The stream gentle dynamic damping of turbine blade pneumatic exciting dynamic stress meets requirement, then execution step s33, if axial-flow turbine blade aerodynamic The gentle dynamic damping of exciting dynamic stress is unsatisfactory for requiring, then return to step s11;
Step s33: obtain axial-flow turbine and unilateral radial direction steam discharge/design of gas system.
4. method for designing as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that the axial-flow turbine pneumatic efficiency described in step s12, expansion The design requirement of depressor pressure-recovery factor is: (a) axial-flow turbine blade aerodynamic efficiency >=90%;(b) diffuser pressure recovery Coefficient >=0.5.
5. method for designing as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that the steam discharge described in step s21/gas system pressure recovers The design requirement of coefficient, inlet pressure circumference change relative magnitude and pressure unsteady pulsation amplitude is: (a) steam discharge/gas system Pressure-recovery factor >=0.3;(b) inlet pressure distribution circumference change relative magnitude < 10%;C () unsteady pressure is relatively Amplitude < 10%.
6. method for designing as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that the axial-flow turbine pneumatic efficiency described in step s22, row The setting of vapour/gas system pressure recovery coefficient, steam discharge/gas entrance flow field circumference change relative magnitude and pressure unsteady pulsation amplitude Meter requirement is: (a) axial-flow turbine pneumatic efficiency >=90%;(b) steam discharge/gas system pressure recovery coefficient >=0.3;(c) inlet-pressure Power distribution circumference change relative magnitude < 10%;(d) unsteady pressure relative magnitude < 10%.
7. method for designing as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that the exciting of axial-flow turbine blade aerodynamic described in step s32 The design requirement of dynamic stress and air damping is: maximum pneumatic exciting dynamic stress < the material allowable stress of (a) axial-flow turbine blade; (b) air damping>0, there is the probability<0.01% of tremor.
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CN103244209A (en) * 2012-02-06 2013-08-14 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Diffuser end wall of turbine single-side exhaust system

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CN102373971A (en) * 2010-08-11 2012-03-14 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Integrated pneumatic design method of axial-flow turbine and single-side radial steam/gas discharging system
CN103244209A (en) * 2012-02-06 2013-08-14 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Diffuser end wall of turbine single-side exhaust system

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