CN105220176A - Eliminate the apparatus and method of magnesium electrolytic bath passive film - Google Patents
Eliminate the apparatus and method of magnesium electrolytic bath passive film Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the apparatus and method eliminating magnesium electrolytic bath passive film, device comprises dewatering bunker, the top of the horizontal one end of described dewatering bunker is communicated with feed-pipe, the bottom of the horizontal the other end of dewatering bunker is communicated with discharge nozzle, and described discharge nozzle is bending L shape, and the vertical portion of L shape is divided into discharge nozzle vertical section, the horizontal component of L shape is discharge nozzle traversing section, feed-pipe is also communicated with inlet pipe, and described inlet pipe is provided with intake valve, and feed-pipe is provided with feed valve.During use, the discharge nozzle of this device is stretched in the electrolyzer run, the discharging mouth of pipe extend into negative electrode place, by the dewatering bunker of magnesium chloride hexahydrate throwing device, utilize electrolytical heat to make it dewater, form magnesium chloride dihydrate and an aqueous magnesium chloride, then pass into from inlet pipe the negative electrode that hydrate to be blown into electrolyzer by rare gas element, react and negative electrode passive film is eliminated, recover the original current efficiency of electrolyzer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to smelting field of nonferrous metal, particularly for eliminating the apparatus and method of the negative electrode passive film of closing down magnesium electrolysis bath.
Background technology
Electrolysis of magnesium chloride technique is that magnesiothermy produces titanium sponge, and realize the key of whole process magnesium-chlorine circulation, the electrolysis of magnesium chloride is carried out in closing down magnesium electrolysis bath.Existing closing down magnesium electrolysis bath, comprise the polylith anode in electrolyzer and polylith negative electrode, anode and negative electrode are tabular, and staggered, and anode and cathode electrode plate are all immersed in the molten salt electrolyte containing magnesium chloride, and electrifying electrodes then carries out electrolysis to fused salt.
When electrolyzer normally works, the magnesium that cathode surface is separated out aggregates into oversize particle, or in the form of sheets, along with electrolysis is carried out, constantly has magnesium to depart from negative electrode and float to bath surface, and converge into one on surface.
But after electric tank working certain hour, its cathode surface can be passivated film at leisure and cover, after negative electrode passivation, the magnesium of separating out is roe shape, its appearance is easily wrapped up by fine magnesium oxide again, thus not easily collects, after magnesium granules enters ionogen, a part floats up to surface, but easily burn, another part enters tank room by chlorinated with chlorine with electrolyte circulation, and now the current efficiency of electrolyzer sharply declines, energy consumption significantly increases, the corresponding minimizing of magnesium output.
In order to eliminate negative electrode passive film, usually adopting the mode of poor groove at present, being namely allow magnesium chloride concentration in the electrolyte lower than 5%, but the problem of electrolyzer heat channel can be caused like this, reduce bath life.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of device eliminating the negative electrode passive film of closing down magnesium electrolysis bath, its structure is applicable to the internal structure of electrolyzer, the material being used for eliminating negative electrode passive film can be passed into electric tank cathode place and remove negative electrode passive film; A kind of method eliminating magnesium electrolytic bath passive film is also provided, adopts said apparatus, eliminate electric tank cathode passive film.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
Eliminate the device of magnesium electrolytic bath passive film, comprise dewatering bunker, the top of the horizontal one end of described dewatering bunker is communicated with feed-pipe, the bottom of the horizontal the other end of dewatering bunker is communicated with discharge nozzle, and described discharge nozzle is bending L shape, and the vertical portion of L shape is divided into discharge nozzle vertical section, the horizontal component of L shape is discharge nozzle traversing section, feed-pipe is also communicated with inlet pipe, and described inlet pipe is provided with intake valve, and feed-pipe is provided with feed valve.
Further, temp probe is provided with in described dewatering bunker.
Further, between described dewatering bunker and discharge nozzle vertical section, between described discharge nozzle vertical section and discharge nozzle traversing section, be respectively arranged with gusset, the spacing between described dewatering bunker and discharge nozzle traversing section lower-most point is 100 ~ 200mm.
Eliminate the method for magnesium electrolytic bath passive film, comprise the following steps that order is carried out:
The device of magnesium electrolytic bath passive film is eliminated described in A, employing claim 1,2 or 3, close described intake valve, open feed valve, by the mouth of pipe of described discharge nozzle traversing section, extend into the gap location between the negative electrode of the closing down magnesium electrolysis bath run, anode, adjust the height of the device of described elimination magnesium electrolytic bath passive film, make electrolyte levels distance 100 ~ 200mm in dewatering bunker and closing down magnesium electrolysis bath; Add magnesium chloride hexahydrate from feed-pipe, magnesium chloride hexahydrate is dewatered in described dewatering bunker, dewatering time is according to the ratio-dependent of every 10kg magnesium chloride hexahydrate dehydration 1 ~ 2h;
B, close described feed valve, open intake valve, pass into rare gas element from inlet pipe to dewatering bunker, the magnesium chloride hydrate after the air-flow of rare gas element drives dehydration enters discharge nozzle, and enters the gap between the negative electrode of the closing down magnesium electrolysis bath run, anode from the mouth of pipe of discharge nozzle traversing section.
Further, in described steps A, add the amount of magnesium chloride hexahydrate from feed-pipe, amass according to the negative electrode of closing down magnesium electrolysis bath and anode right opposite and determine, its ratio is 1m
2negative electrode and anode right opposite amass, and add 10 ~ 30kg magnesium chloride hexahydrate.
Further, before described steps A, also comprise the step producing magnesium chloride hexahydrate: melt chlorination magnesium salts is placed in open containers, is cooled to less than 40 DEG C in atmosphere, the time length is 2 ~ 3 days, and magnesium chloride salt-pepper noise forms magnesium chloride hexahydrate; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate fragmentation is formed the thin block of 3 ~ 5mm.
Further, the rare gas element passed in described step B is argon gas, and ar pressure is 0.13 ~ 0.15Mpa, and the ventilation time length is 2 ~ 4h.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the apparatus and method using the negative electrode passive film of this elimination closing down magnesium electrolysis bath, magnesium chloride hexahydrate is sent into after dewatering in the dewatering bunker of said apparatus, re-use the negative electrode place that material is blown into electrolyzer by rare gas element, follow-up reaction can impel negative electrode passive film to eliminate, and then recover the original current efficiency of electrolyzer, reduce energy consumption.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of device of the negative electrode passive film of elimination closing down magnesium electrolysis bath of the present invention;
In figure, Reference numeral is: feed-pipe 1, feed valve 11, inlet pipe 2, intake valve 21, discharge nozzle 3, discharge nozzle vertical section 31, discharge nozzle traversing section 32, gusset 33, dewatering bunker 4.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described:
Eliminate the device of magnesium electrolytic bath passive film, comprise dewatering bunker 4, the top of described horizontal one end of dewatering bunker 4 is communicated with feed-pipe 1, the bottom of the horizontal the other end of dewatering bunker 4 is communicated with discharge nozzle 3, and described discharge nozzle 3 is bending L shape, and the vertical portion of L shape is divided into discharge nozzle vertical section 31, the horizontal component of L shape is discharge nozzle traversing section 32, feed-pipe 1 is also communicated with inlet pipe 2, and described inlet pipe 2 is provided with intake valve 21, and feed-pipe 1 is provided with feed valve 11.
The device of this elimination magnesium electrolytic bath passive film, can be sent to electric tank cathode place by magnesium chloride hydrate, for eliminating electric tank cathode passive film.
When it uses, the discharge nozzle 3 of device is immersed in the molten salt electrolyte of closing down magnesium electrolysis bath, and allows the opening of discharge nozzle traversing section 32 be in gap location between the negative electrode of electrolyzer and anode.
For eliminate the material of magnesium electrolytic bath passive film be adopt magnesium chloride hexahydrate, i.e. MgCl
26H
2o.Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, before being sent to electric tank cathode, needs first to remove its partial crystallization water, causes electrolyzer abnormal in order to avoid mass crystallization water enters into ionogen.Obtain magnesium chloride dihydrate and/or an aqueous magnesium chloride after magnesium chloride hexahydrate dehydration, then magnesium chloride dihydrate and/or an aqueous magnesium chloride mixture are passed into electric tank cathode place.
As shown in Figure 1, dewatering bunker 4, for storing magnesium chloride hexahydrate, carries out point crystal water portion dehydration herein and dries.
The transverse ends of dewatering bunker 4 is communicated with feed-pipe 1 and discharge nozzle 3 respectively in upper and lower, feed-pipe 1 and discharge nozzle 3 lay respectively at the transverse ends of dewatering bunker 4, be in order to avoid the circulating direction of feed-pipe 1 and discharge nozzle 3 is on same through path, prevent material from directly entering discharge nozzle 3 from feed-pipe 1.
Magnesium chloride hexahydrate is when dewatering bunker 4 stores temporarily, and in electrolyzer, electrolytical heat upwards can arrive dewatering bunker 4 along discharge nozzle 3, makes magnesium chloride hexahydrate thermal dehydration.
According to the characteristic of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, when temperature is lower than 120 DEG C, magnesium chloride hexahydrate can dewater generation four aqueous magnesium chloride; When temperature is 120 ~ 230 DEG C, four aqueous magnesium chlorides can dewater and generate magnesium chloride dihydrate and/or an aqueous magnesium chloride, and during higher than 230 DEG C, magnesium chloride dihydrate and/or an aqueous magnesium chloride can generate basic magnesium chloride, hydrogenchloride and water.
Therefore should ensure that the temperature of dewatering bunker 4 is in less than 230 DEG C as far as possible, this temperature can realize with the electrolyte levels distance of electrolyzer by controlling dewatering bunker 4, when ionogen is immersed in the device bottom of elimination magnesium electrolytic bath passive film of the present invention, allow dewatering bunker 4 and electrolyte levels keep the distance of 100 ~ 200mm, the temperature of dewatering bunker 4 is in 180 ~ 230 DEG C herein.
Also can according to the size of electrolyzer, design discharge nozzle 3, in the size of short transverse, makes the spacing between described dewatering bunker 4 and discharge nozzle traversing section 32 lower-most point be 100 ~ 200mm.When discharge nozzle 3 lowest part pushes against bottom of electrolytic tank, dewatering bunker 4 is just in time positioned at the position exceeding electrolyte levels 100 ~ 200mm.
Preferably, also can pop one's head in by set temperature in dewatering bunker 4, the temperature in dewatering bunker 4 be monitored, is convenient to the height that setting device is arranged.
When after the magnesium chloride hexahydrate material dewatering in dewatering bunker 4, can close feed valve 11, open intake valve 21, input rare gas element by the inert gas source of outside to inlet pipe 2, air-flow blows to dewatering bunker 4 and is blown out along discharge nozzle 3 by the material after dehydration.
Described discharge nozzle 3 is bending L shape, being to adapt with the structure of electrolyzer, being convenient to the electrode gap place that discharge nozzle 3 mouth of pipe extend into anode, negative electrode.
So-called L shape, also comprises the distortion of L shape, and such as discharge nozzle vertical section 31 is not absolute vertical, and discharge nozzle traversing section 32 is not abswolute level, can be all with necessarily tilting or bending.
Magnesium chloride dihydrate and/or an aqueous magnesium chloride mixture are blown out by rare gas element, arrive the electrode gap place of anode, negative electrode, because temperature in ionogen fused salt is higher than 230 DEG C, basic magnesium chloride, hydrogenchloride and water are born in magnesium chloride dihydrate and/or aqueous magnesium chloride reaction, react with negative electrode passive film, make it eliminate, and then recover the original current efficiency of electrolyzer.
In addition, in order to increase the bulk strength of this device, between described dewatering bunker 4 and discharge nozzle vertical section 31, between described discharge nozzle vertical section 31 and discharge nozzle traversing section 32, gusset 33 can be respectively arranged with.
After this device immersion ionogen, because capillarity causes intraluminal fluid face too to exceed outside liquid level, the position that discharge nozzle vertical section 31 should be allowed to contact with liquid level has enough large internal diameter, prevents capillarity.Comparative optimization, discharge nozzle vertical section 31 is >=20mm with the internal diameter of electrolyte levels contact position.
Eliminate the method for magnesium electrolytic bath passive film, comprise the following steps that order is carried out:
The device of magnesium electrolytic bath passive film is eliminated described in A, employing claim 1,2 or 3, close described intake valve 21, open feed valve 11, by the mouth of pipe of described discharge nozzle traversing section 32, extend into the gap location between the negative electrode of the closing down magnesium electrolysis bath run, anode, adjust the height of the device of described elimination magnesium electrolytic bath passive film, make dewatering bunker 4 and electrolyte levels distance 100 ~ 200mm in closing down magnesium electrolysis bath; Add magnesium chloride hexahydrate from feed-pipe 1, magnesium chloride hexahydrate is dewatered in described dewatering bunker 4, dewatering time is according to the ratio-dependent of every 10kg magnesium chloride hexahydrate dehydration 1 ~ 2h;
B, close described feed valve 11, open intake valve 21, rare gas element is passed into dewatering bunker 4 from inlet pipe 2, magnesium chloride hydrate after the air-flow of rare gas element drives dehydration enters discharge nozzle 3, and enters the gap between the negative electrode of the closing down magnesium electrolysis bath run, anode from the mouth of pipe of discharge nozzle traversing section 32.
With in like manner aforementioned, the method for elimination magnesium electrolytic bath passive film of the present invention, adopts aforesaid device to carry out the elimination of negative electrode passive film.
It can be the intake valve 21 of first closing in inlet pipe 2, open feed valve 11, device bottom extend in the ionogen of the closing down magnesium electrolysis bath run, allow the mouth of pipe of discharge nozzle traversing section 32, between the gap extending into negative electrode and anode, magnesium chloride hydrate finally can be promoted to arrive cathode electrode place by rare gas element.
With in like manner aforementioned, magnesium chloride hexahydrate is added from feed-pipe 1, magnesium chloride hexahydrate enters into described dewatering bunker 4, the heat of electrolyzer can impel magnesium chloride hexahydrate to dewater, the distance controlling of dewatering bunker 4 and electrolyte levels is at 100 ~ 200mm, dewatering bunker 4 can be allowed to be in suitable temperature 180 ~ 230 DEG C, magnesium chloride hexahydrate dehydration generates magnesium chloride dihydrate and/or an aqueous magnesium chloride, the time that magnesium chloride hexahydrate dewaters in dewatering bunker 4 is determined according to the magnesium chloride hexahydrate amount added, can according to the ratio-dependent of every 10kg magnesium chloride hexahydrate dehydration 1 ~ 2h, such as adding 20kg magnesium chloride hexahydrate time length of then dewatering is 2 ~ 4h.
Through the magnesium chloride hydrate of dehydration, electric tank cathode place can be admitted to, concrete method is, close feed valve 11, open intake valve 21, pass into rare gas element from inlet pipe 2 to dewatering bunker 4, the air-flow of rare gas element drives magnesium chloride hydrate to enter discharge nozzle 3, arrives between negative electrode, anode electrode plate along discharge nozzle traversing section 32.
Magnesium chloride dihydrate and/or an aqueous magnesium chloride, under electrolytical high temperature, generate basic magnesium chloride, hydrogenchloride and water, and react with negative electrode passive film, passive film is eliminated, and then recover the original performance of electrolyzer.
In order to make negative electrode passive film scavenging process more efficient, preferably, can be control magnesium chloride hexahydrate input amount accurately.Can be in described steps A, add the amount of magnesium chloride hexahydrate from feed-pipe 1, amass according to the negative electrode of closing down magnesium electrolysis bath and anode right opposite and determine, its ratio be 1m
2negative electrode and anode right opposite amass, and add 10 ~ 30kg magnesium chloride hexahydrate.
So-called negative electrode and anode right opposite amass, namely be the shadow area of cathode electrode plate on anode electrode plate, the cathode electrode plate two sides of such as electrolyzer is all coated with passive film, then need to remove the passive film in two faces respectively, cathode electrode plate is 2 square metres in the shadow area of anode, then two faces of each cathode electrode plate need 20 ~ 60kg magnesium chloride hexahydrate respectively.
Magnesium chloride hexahydrate used in the present invention directly can purchase existing products in markets, preferably can utilize the ready-made magnesium chloride material in magnesiothermy production titanium sponge process.
Can be, before described steps A, also comprise the step producing magnesium chloride hexahydrate: melt chlorination magnesium salts is placed in open containers, is cooled to less than 40 DEG C in atmosphere, the time length be 2 ~ 3 days, and magnesium chloride salt-pepper noise forms magnesium chloride hexahydrate; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate fragmentation is formed the thin block of 3 ~ 5mm.
Utilize the characteristic of the easy moisture absorption of magnesium chloride, allow chlorination magnesium salts become magnesium chloride hexahydrate, and make thin block.
The rare gas element air pressure and the aeration time that promote magnesium chloride hydrate are determined according to the size of magnesium chloride hydrate and total amount, all magnesium chloride hydrates can be sent into electric tank cathode place, the situation of the thin block of 3 ~ 5mm is such as formed for magnesium chloride hexahydrate fragmentation, after its dehydration, argon gas can be adopted to deliver into electrode place, ar pressure is 0.13 ~ 0.15Mpa, and the ventilation time length is 2 ~ 4h.
With specific embodiment, the present invention is described below, the magnesium eletrolysis of such as certain titanium sponge factory adopts streamline closing down magnesium electrolysis bath technology, and its grooved majority is lower slot, and the right opposite of its negative electrode, anode electrode plate amasss as 1m
2, adopt the magnesium chloride of on-the-spot reduction distillation operation to produce magnesium chloride hexahydrate: the melt magnesium chloride 100kg getting reduction distillation operation, load in stainless steel container, after 2 days, temperature reduces to 35 DEG C, is broken for 3 ~ 5mm size, choosing 20kg wherein.
Close intake valve, open charging valve, the discharge nozzle traversing section of apparatus of the present invention is put into corresponding cathode electrode plate from the electrolyte circulation hole of electrolyzer; 20kg magnesium chloride hexahydrate is added the dewatering bunker of apparatus of the present invention from feed-pipe, magnesium chloride hexahydrate dewaters 2 hours in the dewatering bunker of device; Then close charging valve, open intake valve, pass into the argon gas of 0.14MPa pressure from inlet pipe, aeration time is 2 hours, and the magnesium chloride hydrate after dehydration is admitted to corresponding electrode place; Detect this cathode electrode plate Faradaic current afterwards, become the 6010A after process from 0A before treatment, (design current is 6250A), show that this negative electrode passive film is eliminated substantially completely.
Claims (7)
1. eliminate the device of magnesium electrolytic bath passive film, it is characterized in that, comprise dewatering bunker (4), the top of described dewatering bunker (4) horizontal one end is communicated with feed-pipe (1), the bottom of dewatering bunker (4) the horizontal the other end is communicated with discharge nozzle (3), described discharge nozzle (3) is bending L shape, the vertical portion of L shape is divided into discharge nozzle vertical section (31), the horizontal component of L shape is discharge nozzle traversing section (32), feed-pipe (1) is also communicated with inlet pipe (2), described inlet pipe (2) is provided with intake valve (21), feed-pipe (1) is provided with feed valve (11).
2. the device eliminating magnesium electrolytic bath passive film as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described dewatering bunker is provided with temp probe in (4).
3. the device eliminating magnesium electrolytic bath passive film as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, between described dewatering bunker (4) and discharge nozzle vertical section (31), between described discharge nozzle vertical section (31) and discharge nozzle traversing section (32), be respectively arranged with gusset (33), the spacing between described dewatering bunker (4) and discharge nozzle traversing section (32) lower-most point is 100 ~ 200mm.
4. eliminate the method for magnesium electrolytic bath passive film, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps that order is carried out:
The device of magnesium electrolytic bath passive film is eliminated described in A, employing claim 1,2 or 3, close described intake valve (21), open feed valve (11), by the mouth of pipe of described discharge nozzle traversing section (32), extend into the gap location between the negative electrode of the closing down magnesium electrolysis bath run, anode, adjust the height of the device of described elimination magnesium electrolytic bath passive film, make dewatering bunker (4) and electrolyte levels distance 100 ~ 200mm in closing down magnesium electrolysis bath; Add magnesium chloride hexahydrate from feed-pipe (1), make magnesium chloride hexahydrate dehydration in described dewatering bunker (4), dewatering time is according to the ratio-dependent of every 10kg magnesium chloride hexahydrate dehydration 1 ~ 2h;
B, close described feed valve (11), open intake valve (21), rare gas element is passed into dewatering bunker (4) from inlet pipe (2), magnesium chloride hydrate after the air-flow of rare gas element drives dehydration enters discharge nozzle (3), and enters the gap between the negative electrode of the closing down magnesium electrolysis bath run, anode from the mouth of pipe of discharge nozzle traversing section (32).
5. the as claimed in claim 4 method eliminating magnesium electrolytic bath passive film, is characterized in that, in described steps A, add the amount of magnesium chloride hexahydrate from feed-pipe (1), and amass according to the negative electrode of closing down magnesium electrolysis bath and anode right opposite and determine, its ratio is 1m
2negative electrode and anode right opposite amass, and add 10 ~ 30kg magnesium chloride hexahydrate.
6. the method eliminating magnesium electrolytic bath passive film as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, before described steps A, also comprise the step producing magnesium chloride hexahydrate: melt chlorination magnesium salts is placed in open containers, be cooled to less than 40 DEG C in atmosphere, time length is 2 ~ 3 days, and magnesium chloride salt-pepper noise forms magnesium chloride hexahydrate; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate fragmentation is formed the thin block of 3 ~ 5mm.
7. the method eliminating magnesium electrolytic bath passive film as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the rare gas element passed in described step B is argon gas, and ar pressure is 0.13 ~ 0.15Mpa, and the ventilation time length is 2 ~ 4h.
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| WO2020013679A1 (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2020-01-16 | Акционерное Общество "Усть-Каменогорский Титано-Магниевый Комбинат" Ао "Ук Тмк" | Method for producing magnesium and chlorine and electrolytic cell for implementing same |
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| CN112912545A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2021-06-04 | 乌斯季卡面诺戈尔斯克钛和镁种植股份有限公司 | Method for producing magnesium and chlorine and electrolytic cell for carrying out said method |
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