CN105209963A - Optical signal modulation pathway, electro-optic modulator and optical transmitter - Google Patents

Optical signal modulation pathway, electro-optic modulator and optical transmitter Download PDF

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CN105209963A
CN105209963A CN201480000566.2A CN201480000566A CN105209963A CN 105209963 A CN105209963 A CN 105209963A CN 201480000566 A CN201480000566 A CN 201480000566A CN 105209963 A CN105209963 A CN 105209963A
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optical signal
electrode
input
modulation path
phase
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CN105209963B (en
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万文通
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
    • G02F1/035—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect in an optical waveguide structure

Abstract

An optical signal modulation pathway, an electro-optic modulator and an optical transmitter. All electrodes on the optical signal modulation pathway except a reference electrode differ from the reference electrode in the material parameters of electro-optic crystals and/or the width of an electric field when the electric field acts in the transverse direction. The phases of input light signals varied by the other electrodes are greater than the phase of the input light signal varied by the reference electrode. In the case that a particular space is occupied by the entire optical signal modulation pathway, when a high level is accessed to the electrodes on the optical signal modulation pathway, as compared to the situation where only the reference electrode is present on the optical signal modulation pathway, the accumulated value of the phases of the input light signals that can be varied by the entire optical signal modulation pathway can be increased by increasing the phases of the input light signals varied, with no need of the increase in the number of electrodes or the length of individual electrodes.

Description

Optical signal modulation pathway, electro-optic modulator and optical transmitter
A kind of optical signal modulation path, electrooptic modulator and optical sender technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of photo communication, more particularly to a kind of optical signal modulation path, electrooptic modulator and optical sender.Background technology
The refractive index that electrooptic modulator is based primarily upon the general principle of the linear electro-optic effect in electro-optic crystal and anisotropic polymer, i.e. electro-optic crystal can change with the extra electric field applied.At present, electrooptic modulator the more commonly used in coherent optical communication system is NW3The Mach that crystal makes increases Dare modulator（Mach-Zehnder Modulator, Μ Ζ Μ), Λ 03The refractive index of crystal changes significantly depending on the voltage of the extra electric field of application.Μ Ζ Μ as shown in Figure 1 structure, 03Crystal is in two voltage signal ^ (0 and ^ up and down2(refractive index changes in the presence of 0, optical signal Ein(two-way is incident to LiNb0 above and below being divided into3In crystal, the two ways of optical signals phase of output is with LiNb03The change of crystal refractive index changes and () respectively.The optical signal that two beams change phase obtains output optical signal Κ after output end combining).
Electrooptic modulator includes two kinds of electrodes, a kind of DC electrode, and a kind of radio-frequency electrode, radio-frequency electrode is data modulation port, receives the analog electrical signal after amplification, realizes Electro-optical Modulation.From optical signal input mouthful to light signal output end, mouth is sequentially connected to form an optical signal modulation path multiple radio-frequency electrodes.A usual electrooptic modulator includes two optical signal modulation paths to realize the working method recommended, as shown in Figure 2, electrode on two optical signal modulation paths between the light input end and light output end of electrooptic modulator is divided into multistage, it is separate per segment electrode, change the length per segment electrode, so as to which optical signal has the change of a phase after the transmission of every segment electrode, electrode length is different, the phase that optical signal is changed after electrode it is of different sizes, the change of every optical signal modulation pathway electrode final output optical signal phase is exactly to the cumulative of the phase difference under optical signal collective effect per segment electrode.In the output end of modulator, the phase difference of the optical signal of two optical signal modulation paths reversely plays a part of recommending up and down.
When those skilled in the art realize the phase-modulation to optical signal using above-mentioned electrooptic modulator, find to have a disadvantage that：
Above-mentioned electrooptic modulator changes output light through every section of electricity using changing per the method for segment electrode length The size of the phase changed after the transmission of pole, this mode only changes the length of electrode, when every segment electrode equal length, in the case that other parameters are constant, if wanting accumulative the changed optical signal phase of the electrode for increasing every optical signal modulation path, need to increase the number of electrode, so the number of electrodes used in electrooptic modulator can be caused a lot；When every segment electrode length is not waited, in the case that other parameters are constant, if wanting accumulative the changed optical signal phase of the electrode for increasing every optical signal modulation path, need to increase the length of some or multiple electrodes, can so cause the electrooptical material increase spent by electrode in electrooptic modulator.The phase that the electrode of unit length can change optical signal in above-mentioned electrooptic modulator is a definite value, realize that the electrode of every optical signal modulation path of increase adds up the size of changed optical signal phase by increasing the number of electrode or changing the length of electrode, the size of optical signal modulation path can be increased, and then increase the size of electrooptic modulator, it is unfavorable for integrated.The content of the invention
In view of this, the embodiments of the invention provide a kind of optical signal modulation path, electrooptic modulator and optical sender.
First aspect of the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of optical signal modulation path, and applied to electrooptic modulator, the optical signal modulation path includes：
From optical signal input mouthful to light signal output end, mouth is sequentially connected at least two electrodes, and each electrode is used for the phase for changing input optical signal when outside input electrical signal is high level；
At least two electrode includes reference electrode, the reference electrode changes input optical signal phase minimum electrode when being outside input high level, phase on the basis of the phase that the reference electrode is changed, the electrode parameter of other electrodes is different from the electrode parameter of the reference electrode, the phase for the input optical signal that other electrodes are changed in outside input high level is more than reference phase, and the electrode parameter includes electric field width when material parameter and/or the electric field action direction vertical with input optical signal transmission direction of the electro-optic crystal of electrode；
Wherein, the material parameter for the refractive index of the electro-optic crystal of electrode the product cube with the electro-optic coefficient of the electro-optic crystal of electrode.
In the first possible implementation of first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention：
When the external electric signal that all electrodes are accessed all is high level, the phase ratio that the electrode pair input optical signal arranged according to the order of the mouth from light signal output end mouthful to optical signal input is changed is： 1:2:···2"- 2:2 "-wherein, η is the number of electrode.
With reference to the first possible implementation of first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, in second of possible implementation：
The ratio of the material parameter of the electro-optic crystal of the electrode arranged according to the order from light signal output end mouthful to optical signal input mouthful is： I:2:22 :···:2"—2 :2"—1, wherein, η is the number of electrode.
With reference to the first possible implementation of first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, in the third possible implementation：
The electric field action direction is vertical with input optical signal transmission direction, and the ratio of the electric field width of the electrode arranged according to the order of the mouth from light signal output end mouthful to optical signal input is：
1：!：!：... 1, wherein, η is the number of electrode.
2 4 2"- 1
In 4th kind of possible implementation of first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention：
Electric field action direction is vertical with input optical signal transmission direction,
^:^:^:•••:^^ = 1:2:4:…：2 ", wherein, rQ :r1 :r2 :... ^ represents the electro-optic coefficient of the electro-optic crystal of electrode, d respectively0 :d d2：... the electric field width of electrode is represented respectively,
ΝϋΝ\： N2:N-i represents the refractive index of the electro-optic crystal of electrode respectively, and n is the number of electrode.With reference to first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention the first possible implementation to the 4th kind of possible implementation of first aspect, in the 5th kind of possible implementation, at least two electrodes be sequentially connected including：
The number of electrode is identical with the bit wide of input electrical signal, each electrode accesses a data of input electrical signal, wherein, the m-bit data that m-th of electrode from light signal output end is accessed from input electrical signal lowest order, wherein, m is more than 0 and less than or equal to the positive integer of number of poles.
Second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of electrooptic modulator, and the electrooptic modulator includes：First optical signal modulation path, the first optical signal modulation path is optical signal modulation path described in first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention to the 5th kind of possible implementation any one of first aspect, first optical signal modulation path two ends are connected with optical signal input mouthful and light signal output end mouthful respectively Each electrode in first optical signal modulation path is respectively connected to a data of input electrical signal；Optical signal input mouthful, for receiving the optical signal before modulation；
Light signal output end mouthful, for exporting the optical signal after being modulated using input electrical signal.
In the first possible implementation of second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the electrooptic modulator also includes：
Second optical signal modulation path, the second optical signal modulation path is the optical signal modulation path described in first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention to the 5th kind of possible implementation any one of first aspect, second optical signal modulation path two ends are connected with optical signal input mouthful and light signal output end mouthful respectively, and each electrode in the second optical signal modulation path is respectively connected to a data of input electrical signal；The extra electric field of each electrode and each electrode of the second optical signal modulation path on the first optical signal modulation path is in opposite direction.
With reference to the first possible implementation of second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, in second of possible implementation, the electrooptic modulator also includes：
Two DC electrodes, described two DC electrodes are separately positioned on the optical signal input mouthful of the first optical signal modulation path and the second optical signal modulation path, for adjusting the operating voltage of modulator, so as to adjust the modulation format of modulator.
The third aspect of the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of optical sender, the transmitting terminal applied to coherent optical communication system.The optical sender includes：
Electrooptic modulator described in encoder, multiple amplifier chains and a second aspect of the present invention to second of possible implementation any one of second aspect；
The encoder is converted into input electrical signal and exported to multiple amplifier chains after input data is encoded；
The number of the amplifier chain is equal with the number of the electrode in the electrooptic modulator on signal modulation path, and each amplifier chain exports into the electrooptic modulator a coupled electrode after being used for a data amplification by input electrical signal.
In the possible implementation of the first of third aspect present invention, the optical sender also includes：One digital analog converter, the digital analog converter carries out the input electrical signal received from encoder after digital-to-analogue conversion, output to the multiple amplifier.
As shown in the above, the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages that： The embodiments of the invention provide a kind of optical signal modulation path, electrooptic modulator and optical sender, the optical signal modulation path include：From optical signal input mouthful to light signal output end, mouth is sequentially connected at least two electrodes, and each electrode is used for the phase for changing input optical signal when outside input electrical signal is high level；At least two electrode includes reference electrode, the reference electrode changes input optical signal phase minimum electrode when being outside input high level, phase on the basis of the phase that the reference electrode is changed, the electrode parameter of other electrodes is different from the electrode parameter of the reference electrode, the phase for the input optical signal that other electrodes are changed in outside input high level is more than reference phase, and the electrode parameter includes the refraction materials parameter and/or the electric field width when transverse direction is in electric field action direction of the electro-optic crystal of electrode.Electric field width of other electrodes from the material parameter of the electro-optic crystal of reference electrode and/or when transverse direction is in electric field action direction on optical signal modulation path in addition to reference electrode is different, the phase for the input optical signal that other electrodes are changed is more than the phase for the input optical signal that reference electrode is changed, in the case where whole optical signal modulation path takes up space necessarily, during so that the electrode on optical signal modulation path all accessing high level, compared with there was only reference electrode on optical signal modulation path, the phase size of the changed input optical signal of increase, the number of electrode need not be increased or increase the length of single electrode, the accumulated size of the phase for the input optical signal that the whole optical signal modulation path of increase can change can be achieved.Optical signal modulation via dimensions provided in an embodiment of the present invention are small, are easy to integrated, flexibility ratio height.Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, the required accompanying drawing used in embodiment or description of the prior art will be briefly described below, apparently, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is MZM structural representations in the prior art；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of electrooptic modulator in the prior art；
Fig. 3 (a) is that electric field action direction is longitudinal schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 (b) is that electric field action direction is horizontal schematic diagram；
A kind of structural representation of optical signal modulation path embodiment one of Fig. 4 present invention； Fig. 5 is a kind of structural representation of electrooptic modulator embodiment six of the invention;
Fig. 6 is a kind of structural representation of electrooptic modulator embodiment seven of the invention;
Fig. 7 is a kind of structural representation of optical sender embodiment eight of the invention.Embodiment
In order to be given at electrode take up space it is certain in the case of, increase the implementation of the accumulated size of the phase for the optical signal that whole optical signal modulation path can change, the embodiments of the invention provide a kind of electrooptic modulator and electrooptical modulation method, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated below in conjunction with Figure of description, it should be understood that, preferred embodiment described herein is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention.And in the case where not conflicting, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the application can be mutually combined.
As shown in figure 3, electric field added on electrode has two types：
Shown in first type such as Fig. 3 (a), the direction of electrode extra electric field is parallel with the direction of propagation of optical signal in electrode, and now electric field action direction is longitudinal direction, using formula（1) the phase ^ for the optical signal that single electrode is changed is calculated
rN3v ( Λ
(Shang enters shown in second of type such as Fig. 3 (b) φ=π, and the direction of electrode extra electric field is vertical with the direction of propagation of optical signal in electrode, and now electric field action direction is horizontal, using formula（2) the optical signal ^ that single electrode is changed is calculated
Wherein, it is linear electro-optic coefficient, N is the refractive index of electro-optic crystal, and V is the voltage of extra electric field, is the wavelength of input optical signal, Z is electrode length, and d is electric field width.
Certainly, the direction of extra electric field can have more than 0 with the direction of propagation of optical signal in electrode.And less than 90.Angle, now, the direction of extra electric field can be divided into parallel to the component of the direction of propagation of optical signal in electrode and in electrode the direction of propagation of optical signal component.The change of the phase of corresponding optical signal is the phase changed parallel to the electric field component of the direction of propagation of optical signal in electrode, and in electrode the electric field component of the direction of propagation of optical signal sum.
By being to be changed by changing the length Z of electrode to change electrode pair optical signal in the prior art Phase size, therefore, in the prior art, the direction of added external electric field is laterally, because when longitudinal direction is in the direction of extra electric field, the size for the phase that electrode pair optical signal is changed can not be changed by changing the length of electrode.Quantization is finely divided to the phase that optical signal modulation path is changed to optical signal only with realizing by changing electrode length Z in the prior art, a kind of method is, the length of each electrode is identical on optical signal modulation path, the phase of the optical signal changed is identical, it is accumulative to change phase, realize that the subdivision divided equally on optical signal modulation path to phase quantifies；Another way is that the length of each electrode is different on optical signal modulation path, and the phase of the optical signal changed is also different, adds up to change phase ^, realizes and the subdivision that phase is not divided equally is quantified on optical signal modulation path.Above two mode all realizes that the subdivision to phase quantifies only by the length I for changing electrode, when the direction of extra electric field is longitudinal direction, or optical signal modulation path is when taking up space certain, when can not realize that subdivision quantifies by changing length Ζ, the subdivision to phase is not provided in the prior art and quantifies other implementations.
By formula（And formula 1)（2) electrode parameter relevant with phase is can be seen that in addition to electrode length, also the refractive index of electro-optic crystal, the voltage V of electric field width d and extra electric field when transverse direction is in linear electro-optic coefficient extra electric field direction.The following embodiments of the present invention mainly discuss that electrode is different in the material parameter of electro-optic crystal, or extra electric field direction for it is horizontal when electric field width ^/difference, again or material parameter it is different and extra electric field direction for it is horizontal when electric field width d it is different, also or material parameter is different, DC Electric Field direction is different and realizes that the subdivision to phase on optical signal modulation path quantifies in the case of electric field width/difference when transverse direction is in extra electric field direction, to realize on the premise of not increasing number of poles or changing electrode length, increase size of the whole optical signal modulation path to accumulative the changed phase of optical signal.
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment one
Fig. 4 is a kind of structural representation of optical signal modulation path embodiment one of the invention, and the optical signal modulation path is applied to electrooptic modulator, and the optical signal modulation path includes：
From optical signal input mouthful to light signal output end, mouth is sequentially connected at least two electrodes, and each electrode is used for the phase for changing input optical signal when outside input electrical signal is high level.
Optical signal modulation path as shown in Figure 4, left end is connected with optical signal input mouthful, and right-hand member is connected with light signal output end mouthful, from the light signal output end mouthful of optical signal modulation path to optical signal input Port, electrodeβ., electrode, electrode β2..., electrode-common η electrode is sequentially connected composition optical signal modulation path.
In the optical signal modulation path, the number of electrode is identical with the bit wide of input electrical signal, each electrode accesses a data of input electrical signal, wherein, the m-bit data that m-th of electrode from light signal output end is accessed from input electrical signal lowest order, wherein, m is more than 0 and less than or equal to the positive integer of number of poles.
Each electrode being sequentially connected on optical signal modulation path, each electrode accesses a data of input electrical signal, from the output port of optical signal to the input port of optical signal, is sequentially ingressed into the lowest order of input electrical signal to highest order.As shown in figure 4, electrode β.The lowest order of input signal is accessed, electrode accesses the second of input signal, electrode β3Access input signal the 3rd, by that analogy, η of electrode access input signal（Highest order）.Each electrode changes the phase of input optical signal when the input electrical signal that it is accessed is high level.The size of the phase for the optical signal that whole optical signal modulation path is changed, is the cumulative of the optical signal phase that each electrode utilizes that accessed electric signal changed.
At least two electrode includes reference electrode, the reference electrode changes input optical signal phase minimum electrode when being outside input high level, phase on the basis of the phase that the reference electrode is changed, the electrode parameter of other electrodes is different from the electrode parameter of the reference electrode, the phase for the input optical signal that other electrodes are changed in outside input high level is more than reference phase, and the electrode parameter includes electric field width when material parameter and/or the electric field action direction vertical with input optical signal transmission direction of the electro-optic crystal of electrode.
Wherein, the material parameter for the refractive index of the electro-optic crystal of electrode the product cube with the electro-optic coefficient of the electro-optic crystal of electrode.The input optical signal phase that reference electrode is changed in outside input high level is minimum.As shown in figure 4, with electrode β.On the basis of exemplified by electrode, when the electric signal that electrode ^ is accessed is high level, the phase of the optical signal changed is %.Other electrodes：Electrodes β2..., electrode β-, it is different from electrode ^ electrode parameter, also, electrode, electrode β2..., electrode, when the electric signal accessed is high level, the phase of the optical signal changed, %, ^^ is more than %.
Needing exist for explanation is, electrode, electrode β2..., electrode is in the electric signal accessed During high level, the phase ^ of the optical signal changed, ^^, which is more than %, a variety of situations：The first situation：Electrode, electrode β2..., electrode, when the electric signal accessed is high level, the phase of the optical signal changed is simply more than, but, % does not have the proportionate relationship of certain rule between ^^；
Second of situation：Electrode, electrode β2..., electrode, when the electric signal accessed is high level, the phase of the optical signal changed, i is not only greater than, also,2, the proportionate relationship between .i-i is 2 "-1： 2"-2 :···2:1;
The third situation：Electrode, electrode β2..., electrode is when the electric signal accessed is high level, the phase of the optical signal changed, 1 is not only greater thanΨ., also, 2, between proportionate relationship be 1： 2 :···2"-2： 2"-1。
Need exist for explanation be, the change of the electrode pair input optical signal phase of optical signal modulation path is not limited only to above-mentioned three kinds of situations, the electrode that may be located in the middle of optical signal modulation path is when the electric signal accessed is high level, the phase of the input optical signal changed is maximum, when by electric signal that the electrode on interphase both sides is accessed being high level, the phase of the input optical signal changed is sequentially reduced；It can also be the electrode in the middle of optical signal modulation path when the electric signal accessed is high level, the phase of the input optical signal changed is minimum, when by electric signal that the electrode on interphase both sides is accessed being high level, the phase of the input optical signal changed increases successively.Here above-mentioned several situations are not limited only to, as long as on optical signal modulation path in the electrode of equal length, the electrode parameter of other electrodes is different from the electrode parameter of reference electrode, and when the electric signal accessed is high level, the phase of the input optical signal changed is more than reference phase, here no longer --- repeat.
During practical application, in order to easy to use, typically using the third situation, extra not outside the electrooptic modulator complicated coding of progress can obtain input electrical signal and output optical signal changes specific mapping relations between phase：When the electrode on optical signal modulation path is when the electric signal accessed is all high level, the phase ratio that the electrode pair input optical signal arranged according to the order of the mouth from light signal output end mouthful to optical signal input is changed is： I：2：…2"— 2 : 2"-wherein, η is the number of electrode.
The phase for the optical signal that reference electrode ^ is changed is, the phase φ for the optical signal that electrode is changedχ = 2φ0, electrode2The phase for the optical signal that phase %=4% ..., electrode of the optical signal changed are changed = 2" φ0.When the electrode on optical signal modulation path is when the electric signal accessed is all high level, that is, realize that the subdivision to phase on optical signal modulation path quantifies to meet natural coding Rule, φ=φ0 + φι + φ2 -\ h φη_。
Each electrode β on optical signal modulation path., electrodeβι, electrode β2..., electrode β-, electrode parameter it is different, the electrode parameter includes electric field width when material parameter and/or the electric field action direction vertical with input optical signal transmission direction of the electro-optic crystal of electrode, according to putting in order for the mouth from light signal output end mouthful to optical signal input, the size of the change of the single electrode pair optical signal phase on optical signal modulation path is incremented by double, (^： ^ ：^ ：... two ^^.Subdivision of the realization to phase on optical signal modulation path quantifies to meet the rule of natural coding, and extra complicated coding need not be now carried out to input electrical signal, you can obtain the specific mapping relations between input electrical signal and output optical signal phase.
Wherein, the material parameter for the refractive index of the electro-optic crystal of electrode the product cube with the electro-optic coefficient of the electro-optic crystal of electrode.
As shown in the above, the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages that：
From optical signal input mouthful to light signal output end, mouth is sequentially connected at least two electrodes, and each electrode is used for the phase for changing input optical signal when outside input electrical signal is high level；At least two electrode includes reference electrode, the reference electrode changes input optical signal phase minimum electrode when being outside input high level, phase on the basis of the phase that the reference electrode is changed, the electrode parameter of other electrodes is different from the electrode parameter of the reference electrode, the phase for the input optical signal that other electrodes are changed in outside input high level is more than reference phase, and the electrode parameter includes the refraction materials parameter and/or the electric field width when transverse direction is in electric field action direction of the electro-optic crystal of electrode.Electric field width of other electrodes from the material parameter of the electro-optic crystal of reference electrode and/or when transverse direction is in electric field action direction on optical signal modulation path in addition to reference electrode is different, the phase for the input optical signal that other electrodes are changed is more than the phase for the input optical signal that reference electrode is changed, in the case where whole optical signal modulation path takes up space necessarily, during so that the electrode on optical signal modulation path all accessing high level, compared with there was only reference electrode on optical signal modulation path, the phase size of the changed input optical signal of increase, the number of electrode need not be increased or increase the length of single electrode, the accumulated size of the phase for the input optical signal that the whole optical signal modulation path of increase can change can be achieved.Realize that the subdivision to the phase of optical signal modulation path quantifies to be described in detail to different electrode parameters with reference to specific example, in following examples, believe on optical signal modulation path according to from light The phase ratio that the electrode pair input optical signal that the order of number output port to optical signal input mouthful is arranged is changed is： I：2：…2Embodiment two by three electrodes to example IV to be connected exemplified by constituted optical signal modulation path, and connected the constituted optical signal modulation path of electrode of other numbers is similar therewith, here no longer --- repeat.Embodiment two
In embodiment two, the material parameter of the electro-optic crystal of each electrode is different on optical signal modulation path, realizes that the subdivision of the phase changed to optical signal modulation path quantifies：
At least two electrodes are sequentially connected, and the material parameter of the electro-optic crystal of each electrode is different, and the ratio of the material parameter of the electro-optic crystal of the electrode arranged according to the order of the mouth from light signal output end mouthful to optical signal input is： Ι ^ ^2 : · ·· ^"-2 ^"-1, wherein, η is the number of electrode.Wherein, the material parameter for the refractive index of the electro-optic crystal of electrode the product cube with the electro-optic coefficient of the electro-optic crystal of electrode.
Occupy formula（And formula 1)（2), it can be seen that when extra electric field is vertical or horizontal, the phase that electrode is changed is relevant all with the refractive index N of the electro-optic crystal of electrode and the electro-optic crystal of electrode electro-optic coefficient r, that is the refractive index N and electro-optic coefficient r of the electro-optic crystal of each electrode are different, and it is of different sizes that the phase of each electrode pair optical signal is changed.Due to phase and the refractive index N of electro-optic crystal cube and electro-optic coefficient r product be directly proportional, therefore, each electrode β on optical signal modulation path is set.,βρβ, the ratio of material parameter of electro-optic crystal be： r0N0 3： Γ,Ν " r2N2 3 rn_,N n= 1： 2： 22： · · ·： 2η, realize each electrode β., β β2... β-i believes that light the subdivision of the phase in modulation path quantifies to meet natural coding rule.
Assuming that electrode β.Electro-optic crystal refractive index be N., the phase change size to optical signal is to be connected by three electrodes exemplified by constituted optical signal modulation path, three electrode β are listed in table 1.And2Refractive index, and the size of phase that each electrode pair optical signal is changed.
The refractive index Different electrodes material parameter of the electrode of table 1 changes the size of phase
Bo r N 3
φ0 Bi
2 r N 3 2 Po
B2
A r N 3 ½0As can be seen from Table 1, electrode B.The size of the phase of the optical signal changed is that the size of the phase for the optical signal that electrode is changed is 2, electrode B2The size of the phase of the optical signal changed is., by setting electrode BQAnd B2The refractive index of different electro-optic crystals, realizes that being finely divided quantization to the phase changed on optical signal modulation path meets the natural law, makes electrodeB., Bi and the optical signal changed the size of phase be incremented by double.
The number of electrode is identical with the bit wide of input electrical signal, each electrode accesses a data of input electrical signal, wherein, the m-bit data that m-th of electrode from light signal output end is accessed from input electrical signal lowest order, wherein, m is more than 0 and less than or equal to the positive integer of number of poles.
Each electrode being sequentially connected on optical signal modulation path, each electrode accesses a data of input electrical signal, from the output port of optical signal to the input port of optical signal, is sequentially ingressed into the lowest order of input electrical signal to highest order.As shown in figure 4, electrode β.The lowest order of input signal is accessed, electrode accesses the second of input signal, electrode β3Access input signal the 3rd, by that analogy, η of electrode access input signal（Highest order）.The size of the phase for the optical signal that whole optical signal modulation path is changed, is the cumulative of the optical signal phase that each electrode is changed using received electric signal.
Table 2 by input electrical signal coding and optical signal in output end relative to the phase table of comparisons that input changes.Content in table 2, optical signal meets natural coding rule in output end after optical signal modulation path is modulated relative to the phase that input is changed.The input electrical signal of table 2 is encoded to be encoded with optical signal in output end relative to the phase input electrical signal that input is changed
Optical signal is in output end relative to the phase that input is changed
000 0
001
φ0 010
2%
Oil
100
101
110
111, φ
Needing exist for explanation is, changes the refractive index of the electro-optic crystal of electrode and can be realized by adding metal impurities or metallic compound in the electro-optic crystal to electrode, for example：Ferro element or magnesia of various concentrations etc. can be added in electro-optic crystal, the change to electro-optic crystal refractive index is realized.
As shown in the above, embodiment two also has the advantages that：
Embodiment two is different to the refractive index Ν and electro-optic coefficient r of the electro-optic crystal of each electrode on optical signal modulation path, then the refractive index of electrode pair input optical signal is different, therefore the size of the phase changed to optical signal is also different, when extra electric field is longitudinal direction, it can also realize that the change of the phase for each electrode pair optical signal that mouth is arranged from light signal output end mouthful to optical signal input meets natural coding rule；Simultaneously, due to the difference of the material parameter of the electro-optic crystal of electrode, it is multiplied from the change that light signal output end mouth arranges each electrode pair optical signal phase to optical signal input mouth, compared with prior art, number of poles needed for changing the phase of formed objects to optical signal is less, reduce the space shared by optical signal modulation path, and the cost spent.Embodiment three
In embodiment three, electric field width is different when the electric field action direction of each electrode is vertical from optical signal transmission direction on optical signal modulation path, realizes that the subdivision of the phase changed to optical signal modulation path quantifies：
At least two electrodes are sequentially connected, and the electric field width of each electrode is different, the electric field action side To it is vertical with optical signal transmission direction when, the ratio of electric field width is when the electric field action direction of the electrode arranged according to the order from light signal output end mouthful to optical signal input mouthful is transverse direction：
1：1:1:... 1, wherein, n is the number of electrode.
2 4 2"- 1
According to formula（2) understand, in extra electric field for laterally（Extra electric field direction is vertical with optical signal transmission direction）When, the phase that electrode is changed is relevant with the electric field width d of extra electric field, and the timing of other conditions one, the electric field width d of electrode is different, and the phase for the optical signal that electrode is changed is different.Due to phase and electric field width ^/be inversely proportional, therefore, each electrode β on optical signal modulation path is set., βρ β2The ratio of β-i electric field width is： ^：：^ :…^^ ^ : ^ :…：^, realizes each electrodeβ.,β1,β2 ...-i believe that light the subdivision of the phase in modulation path quantifies to meet natural coding rule.Explanation is needed exist for, above-mentioned extra electric field there can also be certain angle with the direction of input optical signal, but important on the direction vertical with optical signal transmission direction.
Assuming that electrode β.Electric field width be that the phase change size to optical signal is, be connected by three electrodes exemplified by constituted optical signal modulation path, three electrode β listed in table 3.、 £!And ￡2Electric field width, and the size of phase that each electrode pair optical signal is changed.
The electric field width of the electrode of table 3 is different
As can be seen from Table 3, electrode Β.The size of the phase of the optical signal changed is that the size of the phase for the optical signal that electrode is changed is 2%, electrode B2The size of the phase of the optical signal changed is., by setting electrode Β.And B2Different electric field width, realizes that being finely divided quantization to the phase changed on optical signal modulation path meets the natural law, makes electrode B., Bi and B2The size of the phase of the optical signal changed is incremented by double.
The number of electrode is identical with the bit wide of input electrical signal, and each electrode accesses a data of input electrical signal, wherein, m-th of electrode from light signal output end is accessed from input electrical signal lowest order The m-bit data risen, wherein, m is more than 0 and less than or equal to the positive integer of number of poles.Each electrode being sequentially connected on optical signal modulation path, each electrode accesses a data of input electrical signal, from the output port of optical signal to the input port of optical signal, is sequentially ingressed into the lowest order of input electrical signal to highest order.As shown in figure 4, electrode β.The lowest order of input signal is accessed, electrode accesses the second of input signal, electrode β3Access input signal the 3rd, by that analogy, η of electrode access input signal（Highest order）.The size of the phase for the optical signal that whole optical signal modulation path is changed, is the cumulative of the optical signal phase that each electrode is changed using received electric signal.
The coding of input electrical signal is identical with table 2 relative to the phase that input section is changed in output end with optical signal, description in reference implementation example one, optical signal meets natural coding rule in output end after optical signal modulation path is modulated relative to the phase that input is changed.
There is the above to understand that embodiment three has the advantages that：
When changing the phase of optical signal, the extra electric field width of electrode only need to be changed, it is simple to operate, without changing the length of electrode or increasing the number of electrode, realize and meet natural coding rule relative to the phase that input is changed in output end.Example IV
In embodiment two, the material parameter of the electro-optic crystal of each electrode and electric field width is different when electric field action direction is vertical from optical signal transmission direction on optical signal modulation path realizes that the subdivision of the phase changed to optical signal modulation path quantifies：
At least two electrodes are sequentially connected, and the material parameter of each electrode is different with electric field width, and the ratio of the material parameter of the electro-optic crystal of the electrode arranged according to the order of the mouth from light signal output end mouthful to optical signal input is： Electric field action direction is vertical with input optical signal transmission direction, and the ratio of electric field width is when the electric field action direction of the electrode arranged according to the order of the mouth from light signal output end mouthful to optical signal input is transverse direction： d0 Ά : d2 : ··· — 1；Make wherein,ηFor the number of electrode.
Assuming that electrode β.Electro-optic crystal refractive index be N., electric field width is that the phase change size to optical signal is to be connected by four electrodes exemplified by constituted optical signal modulation path, four electrode β β are listed in table 42The refractive index of sum, electric field width and each electrode pair light letter The size of number phase changed.The refractive index of table 4 and electric field width are different
As can be seen from Table 4, electrode Β.The size of the phase of the optical signal changed is %, and the size of the phase for the optical signal that electrode is changed is 2%, electrode B2The size of the phase of the optical signal changed is., electrode B3The size of the phase of the optical signal changed is 8, by setting electrode B. 、 Bi 、 B2And B3The refractive index and electric field width of different electro-optic crystals realize that being finely divided quantization to the phase changed on optical signal modulation path meets the natural law, makes electrode B. 、 Bi 、 B2And B3The size of the phase of the optical signal changed is incremented by double.
The number of electrode is identical with the bit wide of input electrical signal, each electrode accesses a data of input electrical signal, wherein, the m-bit data that m-th of electrode from light signal output end is accessed from input electrical signal lowest order, wherein, m is more than 0 and less than or equal to the positive integer of number of poles.
Each electrode being sequentially connected on optical signal modulation path, each electrode accesses a data of input electrical signal, from the output port of optical signal to the input port of optical signal, is sequentially ingressed into the lowest order of input electrical signal to highest order.As shown in figure 4, electrode β.The lowest order of input signal is accessed, electrode ^ accesses the second of input signal, electrode β3Access input signal the 3rd, by that analogy, η of electrode access input signal（Highest order）.The size of the phase for the optical signal that whole optical signal modulation path is changed, is the cumulative of the optical signal phase that each electrode is changed using received electric signal.
Table 5 by input electrical signal coding with optical signal in output end relative to the phase that input changes The position table of comparisons.Content in table 5, optical signal meets natural coding rule in output end after optical signal modulation path is modulated relative to the phase that input is changed.The input electrical signal of table 5 is encoded to be encoded with optical signal in output end relative to the phase input electrical signal that input is changed
Optical signal is in output end relative to the phase that input is changed
0000 0
0001
φ0
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
6 %
0111
7
1000
8 %
1001
1010
1011
l l ^o 1100
12
1101
1110
1111
15
In example IV, the specific set-up mode that electrode pair light believes width is changed jointly using two parameters of refractive index and electric field width, the combination set-up mode of other refractive indexes and two parameters of electric field width can also be used, as long as ensureing ^: ^ : ^ : · · · : ^ι^ = 1 : 2 : 4：…：2- 1, meet natural coding rule relative to the phase that input is changed in output end to realize.
The phase of the optical signal changed using refractive index and two parameter co- controlling electrodes of electric field width, is had the following advantages：
For only changing the refractive index of electrode, the material parameter operation for changing the electro-optic crystal of each electrode is more complicated, and needs the metal or metal mixture to different electrode various concentrations, complex operation；For the electric field width for only changing electrode, electric field width reduces at double, and electric field width is difficult be reduced to initial electric field width 1/4, even more small.Change the size that electrode pair optical signal phase is changed using two parameter summations of material parameter and electric field width of electro-optic crystal, the complexity for changing operation to electrode refractive index and electric field width can be simplified.
In example IV, four electrodes only change the refractive index of two electrodes, and the refraction index changing of two electrodes is consistent；Only need to the electric field width of two electrodes reducing initial electric field width d01/2nd, without changing into initial electric field width d.1/4 and 1/8, reduce the complexity of realization.Embodiment five
The electrode parameter includes electric field action direction, and the electrode length of electrode and the ratio of electric field width, the material parameter of electro-optic crystal are different, realize the subdivision of the phase changed to optical signal modulation path Quantify：
When electric field action direction is longitudinal direction（Electric field action direction is parallel with optical signal transmission direction）When, the change of electrode pair optical signal phase is unrelated with electrode length and electric field width.
At least two electrodes are sequentially connected, the material parameter of the electrode length of the electrode of each electrode and the ratio of electric field width, electric field action direction and electro-optic crystal is different, to cause the phase of the optical signal that each electrode changed to meet the rule of natural coding according to the order from light signal output end mouthful to optical signal input mouthful.
It is connected by four electrodes exemplified by constituted optical signal modulation path, four electrode β is listed in table 6.、 β2With3Electric field action direction, refractive index, the ratio of electrode length and electric field width, and the size of phase that each electrode pair optical signal is changed.The electrode length of the electrode of table 6 and the ratio of electric field width, electric field action direction and refractive index are different
As can be seen from Table 6, electrode β.With electrode ^ refractive index, electrode length is although identical with two parameters of ratio of electric field width, due to electrode β.Electric field action direction be longitudinal direction, the phase for the optical signal that electrode is changed is unrelated with electrode length and electric field width, therefore, electrode β.The phase of the optical signal changed is, rather than 2.When longitudinal direction is in electric field action direction, the phase for the optical signal that electrode is changed is relevant with electrode length and electric field width, in such as table 6, electrode and electrode Β2, electrode Β2In, the ratio of electrode length and electric field width is two times of ratio in electrode ^, then electrode Β2The size of the phase of the optical signal changed is changed two times of optical signal size by electrode.
By setting electrode, Bi, 8 when electric field action direction is different2And B3The material parameter and electric field width of different electro-optic crystals realize that being finely divided quantization to the phase changed on optical signal modulation path meets the natural law, makes electrode BQ 、 Bi 、 B2And B3The phase of the optical signal changed it is big It is small to be incremented by double.
On optical signal modulation path, the number of electrode is identical with the digit of input electrical signal, each electrode accesses a data of input electrical signal, wherein, the m-bit data that m-th of electrode from light signal output end is accessed from input electrical signal lowest order, wherein, m is more than 0 and less than or equal to the positive integer of number of poles.
Each electrode being sequentially connected on optical signal modulation path, each electrode accesses a data of input electrical signal, from the output port of optical signal to the input port of optical signal, is sequentially ingressed into the lowest order of input electrical signal to highest order.As shown in figure 4, electrode β.The lowest order of input signal is accessed, electrode ^ accesses the second of input signal, electrode β3Access input signal the 3rd, by that analogy, η of electrode access input signal（Highest order）.The size of the phase for the optical signal that whole optical signal modulation path is changed, is the cumulative of the optical signal phase that each electrode is changed using received electric signal.
The coding of input electrical signal is identical with table 5 relative to the phase that input section is changed in output end with optical signal, description in reference implementation example four, optical signal meets natural coding rule in output end after optical signal modulation path is modulated relative to the phase that input is changed.
Embodiment five also has the advantages that：
Electrode parameter also includes the action direction of electric field, can flexibly set the parameters of electrode, realizes each electrode on optical signal modulation path, meets natural coding rule relative to the phase that input is changed in output end.Embodiment six
Fig. 5 is a kind of structural representation of electrooptic modulator embodiment six of the invention, and the electrooptic modulator includes：
First optical signal modulation path 501, the first optical signal modulation path 501 is the embodiment of the present invention one to the optical signal modulation path described in embodiment five any one embodiment, first optical signal modulation path two ends are connected with optical signal input mouthful and light signal output end mouthful respectively, and each electrode in the first optical signal modulation path is respectively connected to a data of input electrical signal.
Optical signal input mouthful 502, for receiving the optical signal before modulation.
Light signal output end mouthful 503, for exporting the optical signal after being modulated using input electrical signal. In embodiment six, electrooptic modulator only has an optical signal modulation path, optical signal is transmitted to the first optical signal modulation path from the input port of electrooptic modulator, and the first optical signal modulation path is exported after being modulated using input electrical signal to optical signal from the light signal output end mouthful of electrooptic modulator.Embodiment seven
Fig. 6 is a kind of structural representation of electrooptic modulator embodiment seven of the invention, and the electrooptic modulator includes：
First optical signal modulation path 501, the first optical signal modulation path is that the embodiment of the present invention one to optical signal modulation described in embodiment five any one embodiment leads to, first optical signal modulation path two ends are connected with optical signal input mouthful and light signal output end mouthful respectively, and each electrode in the first optical signal modulation path is respectively connected to a data road of input electrical signal.
Second optical signal modulation path 601, the second optical signal modulation path is the embodiment of the present invention one to optical signal modulation path described in embodiment five any one embodiment, second optical signal modulation path two ends are connected with optical signal input mouthful and light signal output end mouthful respectively, and each electrode in the second optical signal modulation path is respectively connected to a data of input electrical signal.
Optical signal input mouthful 502, for receiving the optical signal before modulation.
Light signal output end mouthful 503, for exporting the optical signal after being modulated using input electrical signal.Optionally, the electrooptic modulator also includes：
Two DC electrodes 602 and 603, described two DC electrodes are separately positioned on the optical signal input mouthful of the first optical signal modulation path and the second optical signal modulation path, for adjusting the operating voltage of modulator, so as to adjust the modulation format of modulator.
DC electrode 602 and 603 is mainly used in adjusting the first optical signal modulation path and operating voltage or the operating point location of operating current on the second optical signal modulation path respectively, for adjusting the modulation format of electrooptic modulator.
Need exist for explanation be, the positive negative direction of the first optical signal modulation path or the second optical signal modulation path extra electric field voltage can be changed or change the positive and negative of input electrical signal and realize opposite in phase that the first optical signal modulation path and the second photo-signal channel are changed to optical signal, the effect of recommending of electrooptic modulator is realized.Certainly, the quantification manner of electrode pair phase can be with identical in the first optical signal modulation path and the second optical signal modulation path in electrooptic modulator, can also be different, does not enter here Row is specific to be limited, it would however also be possible to employ different quantification manners, and the working method recommended is not realized.Embodiment eight
Fig. 7 is a kind of structural representation of optical sender embodiment eight of the invention, and using the transmitting terminal with coherent optical communication system, the optical sender includes：
Encoder 701, multiple amplifier chain F.~F1With the electrooptic modulator 702 described in Do D^ and one embodiment six to embodiment seven.
The encoder 701 is converted into input electrical signal and exported to multiple amplifier chains after input data is encoded；
The number of the amplifier chain and the electrode B on a signal modulation path in the electrooptic modulator 701.〜：Number it is equal, each amplifier chain exports into the electrooptic modulator a coupled electrode after being used for a data amplification by input electrical signal.
Optionally, the optical sender also includes：
One digital analog converter, the digital analog converter carries out the input electrical signal received from encoder after digital-to-analogue conversion, output to the multiple amplifier Fo F^ and
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.So, if these modifications and variations of the present invention belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies, then the present invention is also intended to comprising including these changes and modification.

Claims (1)

  1. Claim
    1st, a kind of optical signal modulation path, it is characterised in that applied to electrooptic modulator, the optical signal modulation path includes：
    From optical signal input mouthful to light signal output end, mouth is sequentially connected at least two electrodes, and each electrode is used for the phase for changing input optical signal when outside input electrical signal is high level；
    At least two electrode includes reference electrode, the reference electrode changes input optical signal phase minimum electrode when being outside input high level, phase on the basis of the phase that the reference electrode is changed, the electrode parameter of other electrodes is different from the electrode parameter of the reference electrode, the phase for the input optical signal that other electrodes are changed in outside input high level is more than reference phase, and the electrode parameter includes electric field width when material parameter and/or the electric field action direction vertical with input optical signal transmission direction of the electro-optic crystal of electrode；
    Wherein, the material parameter for the refractive index of the electro-optic crystal of electrode the product cube with the electro-optic coefficient of the electro-optic crystal of electrode.
    2nd, optical signal modulation path according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
    When the external electric signal that all electrodes are accessed all is high level, the phase ratio that the electrode pair input optical signal arranged according to the order of the mouth from light signal output end mouthful to optical signal input is changed is： 1:2:···2"-2:2 "-wherein, η is the number of electrode.
    3rd, optical signal modulation path according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
    The ratio of the material parameter of the electro-optic crystal of the electrode arranged according to the order from light signal output end mouthful to optical signal input mouthful is： Ι^^2:···^"-2^"-1, wherein, η is the number of electrode.
    4th, optical signal modulation path according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
    The electric field action direction is vertical with input optical signal transmission direction, and the ratio of the electric field width of the electrode arranged according to the order of the mouth from light signal output end mouthful to optical signal input is： 1:-:-:^-, wherein, η is the number of electrode. 5th, optical signal modulation path according to claim 1, it is characterised in that include：Electric field action direction is vertical with input optical signal transmission direction,
    ^:^:^:•••:^^ = 1:2:4:…：2 ", wherein, r.:r1 :r2 :... ^ represents the electro-optic coefficient of the electro-optic crystal of electrode, do ' .d ^ respectively:-dn_, the electric field width of electrode, N are represented respectively.： N1 :N2 :N-i represents the refractive index of the electro-optic crystal of electrode respectively, and n is the number of electrode.
    6th, the optical signal modulation path according to claim 2-5 any one, it is characterised in that：The number of electrode is identical with the bit wide of input electrical signal, each electrode accesses a data of input electrical signal, wherein, the m-bit data that m-th of electrode from light signal output end is accessed from input electrical signal lowest order, wherein, m is more than 0 and less than or equal to the positive integer of number of poles.
    7th, a kind of electrooptic modulator, it is characterised in that the electrooptic modulator includes：
    First optical signal modulation path, the first optical signal modulation path is optical signal modulation path described in claim 1-7 any one, first optical signal modulation path two ends are connected with optical signal input mouthful and light signal output end mouthful respectively, and each electrode in the first optical signal modulation path is respectively connected to a data of input electrical signal；
    Optical signal input mouthful, for receiving the optical signal before modulation；
    Light signal output end mouthful, for exporting the optical signal after being modulated using input electrical signal.
    8th, electrooptic modulator according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the electrooptic modulator also includes：
    Second optical signal modulation path, the second optical signal modulation path is the optical signal modulation path described in claim 1-7 any one, second optical signal modulation path two ends are connected with optical signal input mouthful and light signal output end mouthful respectively, and each electrode in the second optical signal modulation path is respectively connected to a data of input electrical signal；
    The extra electric field of each electrode and each electrode of the second optical signal modulation path on the first optical signal modulation path is in opposite direction. 9th, electrooptic modulator according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the electrooptic modulator also includes：
    Two DC electrodes, described two DC electrodes are separately positioned on the optical signal input mouthful of the first optical signal modulation path and the second optical signal modulation path, for adjusting the operating voltage of modulator, so as to adjust the modulation format of modulator.
    10th, a kind of optical sender, it is characterised in that the transmitting terminal applied to coherent optical communication system.The optical sender includes：
    Electrooptic modulator described in encoder, multiple amplifier chains and a claim 7-9 any one；
    The encoder is converted into input electrical signal and exported to multiple amplifier chains after input data is encoded；
    The number of the amplifier chain is equal with the number of the electrode in the electrooptic modulator on signal modulation path, and each amplifier chain exports into the electrooptic modulator a coupled electrode after being used for a data amplification by input electrical signal.
    11st, optical sender according to claim 10, it is characterised in that the optical sender also includes：
    One digital analog converter, the digital analog converter carries out the input electrical signal received from encoder after digital-to-analogue conversion, output to the multiple amplifier.
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