CN105209287A

CN105209287A - Electrical energy storage and power management systems

Info

Publication number: CN105209287A
Application number: CN201480027209.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 拉蒙.A.卡马尼奥; 迈克尔.J.李
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-03-14
Filing date: 2014-03-12
Publication date: 2015-12-30
Also published as: AU2014240458A1; WO2014159491A2; JP2016521103A; SG11201507562RA; KR20150129326A; EP2969641A2; WO2014159491A3; CA2906442A1

Abstract

An electrical energy storage system includes a plurality of electrical energy storage modules with each module having an associated operating voltage and each module being capable of outputting electrical power at a variable current at the associated operating voltage. The system further includes a plurality of electrical power modulation circuits electrically connected to an associated one of the modules thereby allowing the associated module to be electrically isolated from the other modules. Each power modulation circuit includes an arrangement for receiving the operating voltage and current of the associated module, transforming the operating voltage and current, and outputting electrical power at a voltage that is independent of the module operating voltage of the associated electrical energy storage module. The system further includes an overall master controller electrically connected to each of the power modulation circuits of each module to control the electrical power output from each of the modules.

Description

Electrical power storage and electric power management system

Related application

This application claims the preceence of No. 61/786,003, the U.S. Provisional Application enjoying in application on March 14th, 2013, this application entirety is incorporated herein by reference.

Background technology

The electric drive trains that electronlmobil industry seeks to have efficiency and the power density increased constantly is unified cost actv. electrical energy storage system.For a long time, it is believed that such as using the motor comprising electrical motor that the stator of the electromagnet with the magnetic core formed by thin film soft magnetic materials and permanent super magnet rotor (such as cobalt rare-earth magnet and neodymium iron boron magnetic body) construct and/or electrical generator to have provides the efficiency much higher compared to conventional motors and the potentiality of power density.But, provide utilize completely the electric drive trains of these potential efficiency unify cost actv. electrical energy storage system be proved to be difficulty.

Generally controlled by the controller used from the battery voltage of battery pack for the change speed motor in electronlmobil, described battery pack is made up of the battery of multiple electrical interconnection usually.Described battery has usually based on the actuating battery voltage of used battery types, and total battery voltage is determined by battery configuration usually.Battery voltage generally increases by independent battery group in series being interconnected thus obtains the battery voltage wanted, and the battery that multigroup is connected in series generally is connected in parallel the current capacity increasing total battery pack.

A lot of electronlmobil uses Li-ion batteries piles now, this is because the ability that Li-ion batteries piles has higher power density and repeatedly recharges.In order to provide the performance characteristic needed for this type application, these Li-ion batteries piles are usually designed to and run under higher voltage and higher electric current.High-tension use can produce significant safety problem, and may there is the significant integrity problem relevant to the battery pack comprising a large amount of battery group be connected in parallel.But a lot of high-performance motor has best voltage operating point, this operating point can higher than the generally available voltage operating point of lithium-ion battery systems, because the size of Li-ion batteries piles and voltage may be limited due to security consideration.

Summary of the invention

In some respects, present disclose provides the electric power management system for electrical energy storage system and method.Described electrical energy storage system comprises multiple electrical power storage module, and wherein each electrical power storage module has relevant electrical power storage module running voltage.Each electrical power storage module can with the different electric current output power of being correlated with from running voltage.Described electrical energy storage system comprises multiple power modulation circuit, wherein each power modulation circuit is electrically connected to that associate in electrical power storage module, allows other electrical power storage module electric isolution of the thick storing module of electric energy and the electrical energy storage system associated thus.Each power modulation circuit comprises the running voltage of the electrical power storage module for receiving association and the layout of electric current, conversion operations voltage and current and the voltage output power at the electrical power storage module running voltage independent of relevant electrical power storage module.Described electrical energy storage system also comprises total master controller, its each power modulation circuit being electrically connected to each electrical power storage module with the electric power controlling each electrical power storage module and export and the electric power controlling total electrical energy storage system thus export.In some respects, each some Eng storage module comprises multiple independent battery, wherein the related battery operation voltage of each battery tool.

In some respects, independent battery is lithium ion battery.

In some respects, the battery forming the different electrical power storage module of energy storage system has different energy storage features.

In some respects, the battery forming the different electrical power storage module of energy storage system has different lithium ion chemical constitutions and different energy storage densities.

In some respects, the multiple batteries forming each electrical power storage module are all connected in series.

In some respects, each power modulation circuit comprises step-down/boost converter, its for the running voltage with electrical power storage module relation is converted to independent of and can higher than the voltage of the running voltage with electrical power storage module relation.

In some respects, the different electrical power storage module of electrical energy storage system has the different feature selected from the syndrome comprising different running voltages and different energy, inductance and current capacity.

In some respects, total master controller is motor controller and electrical energy storage system is the electrical energy storage system of the electrical motor for comprising the rotor with multiple rotor pole.

In some respects, electrical motor is brushless DC motor/electrical generator.

In some respects, total master controller comprises multiple independently controller.Each independently controller is electrically connected to relevant power modulation circuit to control the power modulation circuit of being correlated with and the electrical power storage module of being correlated with independently.Independently power modulation circuit coordinates with the single driving function producing driving motor.

In some respects, total master controller comprises multiple independently controller, and wherein each independently controller is electrically connected to relevant power modulation circuit to control the power modulation circuit of being correlated with and the electrical power storage module of being correlated with independently.Electrical motor comprises the stator with multiple independently stator modules, and wherein each independently stator modules comprises stator poles that the is multiple and interaction of rotor pole magnetic.Each stator modules is electrically connected to the independently controller of association and is electrically connected to the power modulation circuit of association and electrical power storage module thus to form multiple electricity independently sub-electrical motor, and it is each can run independently relative to other sub-electrical motors.

In some respects, each stator modules comprises one group of coil, its stator poles of charging.This group coil has one or more coil subgroup, and wherein each coil subgroup associates from the different magnetic phase of stator modules and all coils of each coil subgroup be electrically connected in series of composition.

In some respects, electrical motor provides electric power to vehicle.

In some respects, electrical motor is direct drive of wheel electrical motor.

In some respects, total master controller applies variable drive voltage to electrical motor.

In some respects, electrical motor be multiphase motor and total master controller by being applied to driving voltage and changing the voltage applying variable drive voltage that is applied to driving voltage and the function of current each phase to electrical motor going up pulse duration modulation mutually.

In some respects, total master controller to change electromotor velocity, the motor power (output) of request exports and efficiency, response, the life-span, smooth degree and maximum available power the mode of optimization change driving voltage and function of current.

In some respects, the increase that the increase of total master controller along with the speed of electrical motor and the motor power (output) along with request export increases driving voltage by using predetermined function.

In some respects, total master controller is applied to the driving voltage of electrical motor to control to be provided to the amount of the electric energy of electrical motor by using pulse duration modulation switching.Total master controller also changes the switch speed of pulse duration modulation in one or more mode of the speed of the motor power (output) output and electrical motor that change request.

In some respects, total master controller changes the switch speed that is applied to the pulse duration modulation of electrical motor and driving voltage to optimize life-span one or more of the efficiency of electrical motor, the power of electrical motor, the heat of electrical motor, the noise of electrical motor, the speed of electrical motor and torque and electrical energy storage system.

In some respects, the power modulation circuit of each electrical power storage module and total master controller allow only when total master controller request electric energy discharges from given electrical power storage module electric energy discharge from given electrical power storage module.

In some respects, each power modulation circuit comprises at least one pair of power terminal, and electric energy is discharged from relevant electrical power storage module by this power terminal.Power terminal is associated to the power modulation control circui of electrical power storage module to activate power terminal and to allow only to discharge electric energy when total master controller request electric energy discharges from electrical power storage module from electrical power storage module.

In some respects, total master controller comprises multiple independently controller.Each independently controller is electrically connected to the power modulation circuit of association to control the power modulation circuit of being correlated with and the electrical power storage module of being correlated with independently.Electrical energy storage system comprises at least one auxiliary electric energy storage module with relevant auxiliary electric energy storage module running voltage and by the auxiliary power modulation circuit of other electrical power storage module electric isolution of auxiliary electric energy storage module and electrical energy storage system.Auxiliary power modulation circuit comprise receive auxiliary electric energy storage module running voltage and auxiliary electric energy go out roughcast block electric current, change running voltage and electric current and the voltage and current exported independent of the auxiliary electric energy storage module running voltage of auxiliary electric energy storage module.Auxiliary electric energy storage module is electrically connected to given independent control that electrical power storage module is relevant and is controlled by it.

In some respects, each electrical power storage module comprises module housing, and it is for holding electrical power storage module and relevant power modulation circuit.Module housing comprises Heat Conduction Material that a long section protrudes and the end cap for the end that seals the material that a long section is protruded.

In some respects, described end cap provides water-stop and the material protruded has the aluminium comprising the protrusion being constructed to be attached to the heat radiation heat-delivery surface of support portion and the shape of cross section of at least one radiated flange.

In some respects, present disclose provides motor controller and the method for controlling the variable electrical motor being provided electric power by the power supply with operation power voltage.Controller comprises change of voltage and arranges, its receive from power supply operation power voltage, change running voltage and export and be applied to electrical motor and independent of the variable drive voltage of power supply running voltage.Controller also comprises switched arrangement, and it is switched by pulse duration modulation and applies variable voltage to electrical motor to control to be provided to the amount of the electric energy of electrical motor.Controller changes the switch speed of pulse duration modulation and changes variable drive voltage in one or more mode of the motor power (output) changing request output and electromotor velocity.

In some respects, controller changes the switch speed of pulse duration modulation and changes the variable drive voltage that is applied to electrical motor to optimize life-span one or more of the efficiency of electrical motor, the power of electrical motor, the heat of electrical motor, the noise of electrical motor, the speed of electrical motor and torque and power supply.

In some respects, controller changes the switch speed of pulse duration modulation and the change exported along with the motor power (output) of the change of the speed of electrical motor and request changes by using predetermined function the variable drive voltage being applied to electrical motor.

In some respects, power supply comprises at least one lithium ion battery.

In some respects, the disclosure comprises the battery module be used in electrical energy storage system.Battery module comprises at least one battery and the module housing for holding battery.Module housing comprises Heat Conduction Material that a long section protrudes and the end cap for the end that seals the material that this section protrudes.

In some respects, whose dense seam end cap provides and outstanding material has the aluminium comprising the protrusion being constructed to be attached to the heat radiation heat-delivery surface of support portion and the shape of cross section of at least one radiated flange.

In some respects, battery is lithium ion battery.

In some respects, battery is all connected in series.

In some respects, battery electrical interconnection is to provide battery voltage and battery pack also comprises power supply modulator circuit, and it is constructed to be controlled battery voltage to be entered, unless it is by peripheral control unit order from the outside of battery pack by peripheral control unit.

In some respects, battery module is configured in electrical energy storage system, this system there is multiple battery module and power modulation circuit be constructed to allow battery module lost efficacy and with system electric isolution.

In some respects, battery module comprises multiple battery group be connected in parallel, and each group be connected in parallel comprises at least one battery, and the battery group be connected in parallel is electrically connected in series another group.

In some respects, battery module comprises battery equilibrium and arranges, it is electrically connected to each of the battery group be connected in parallel, and the energy obtained from battery module can be obtained from the subgroup of the battery group be connected in parallel.

In some respects, battery equilibrium is arranged and is obtained energy from the battery group be connected in parallel, make battery module provide energy from the subgroup of the battery group be connected in parallel to the electric installation or other external electrical load being electrically connected to battery module between the used life of battery module, between the used life of battery module, be provided for the battery equilibrium function of battery module thus.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the schematic illustration of the electric power management system for energy storage system of unifying according to the electric drive trains of content of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is the schematic illustration of the power drive system according to content of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 is the viewgraph of cross-section of the motor of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is the block diagram of the stator section of the motor of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is the planar view of the stator core of stator section for providing Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is the planar view of two stator cores of the stator section of Fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is the schematic illustration of strength according to another of the power drive system of content of the present disclosure.

Fig. 8 be with according to the auxiliary electric energy storage module of relevance of the present disclosure and the schematic illustration of electrical power storage module.

Fig. 9 is the viewgraph of cross-section of the module housing of the electrical power storage module of Fig. 8.

Figure 10 is the diagram of circuit of the step exemplified with its method of control according to content of the present disclosure.

Figure 11 is the figure of the single-phase single magnetic cycle according to exemplary electric machine of the present disclosure, and wherein y-axis represents voltage, and x-axis represents the time.

Reference numeral similar in the accompanying drawings represents similar element.

Detailed description of the invention

Content of the present disclosure is substantially about electrical energy storage system, power drive system, controller and electric power management system.Content of the present disclosure also relates to control ratio as the layout of the larger battery system for the battery pack in elec. vehicle and method.The layout of the parts of content of the present disclosure also comprises electrical interconnection and the electric drive trains that controls to comprise the motor of electrical motor and/or the electrical generator of such as being powered by electrical energy storage system is unified electrical energy storage system and method.

See Fig. 1, the general total electricity management system 100 for the electrical energy storage system 102 according to content of the present disclosure will be described.Electrical energy storage system 102 comprises multiple electrical power storage module 104, wherein each electrical power storage module 104 tool related electrical power storage module running voltage V1.In the illustrative embodiment of Fig. 1, electrical energy storage system 102 comprises six electrical power storage modules 104, and they are represented by Reference numeral V1a to V1f respectively.Although electrical energy storage system 102 is described to have six modules, this is not regulation.Alternatively, described electrical energy storage system can comprise the module of any quantity wanted.

Electrical energy storage system 102 also comprises multiple power modulation circuit 106.In the illustrative embodiment of Fig. 1, electrical energy storage system 102 comprises six power modulation circuit 106, and they are represented by Reference numeral 106a to 106f.Each power modulation circuit 106a-f is electrically connected to of associating in electrical power storage module 104a-f and opens with other electrical power storage module electric isolution of electrical energy storage system 102 to allow the electrical power storage module 104 of each association.According to content of the present disclosure, power modulation circuit 106a-f can be included into the part of the illustrative electrical power storage module 104a-f of Fig. 1.As will be described in further detail below, this can provide significant security advantages to energy storage system.Alternatively, power modulation circuit can be used as discrete parts and provides, and these parts can be electrically connected to described electrical power storage module instead of be included as the integrated part of described module.

As will be described in further detail below, each power modulation circuit 106a-f comprises corresponding output and arranges 108a-f, and it is for receiving the electrical power storage module running voltage V1a-f of the electrical power storage module of auto correlation and electric current, the described running voltage of conversion and electric current and the output voltage V2 exported independent of electrical power storage module running voltage V1a-f and electric current.Electrical energy storage system 102 also comprises total master controller 110, and it is electrically connected to each of power modulation circuit 106a-f.In this embodiment, multipair electric conductor 111 (being represented by accompanying drawing table and 111a to 111f) is respectively applied for transferring electric power between controller 110 and power modulation circuit 106a-f.Controller 110 is constructed to the operation by using the communication bus 112 of interconnect controller 110 and power modulation circuit 106a-f to control power modulation circuit 106.Communication bus 112 can be the communication bus wanting arbitrarily type, such as, but is not limited to, CAN.By this structure, controller 110 can control to export from the electric power of each electrical power storage module, and thus control total electrical energy storage system 102 electric power export.Communication bus 112 also can be used for each situation communicated as the electrical power storage module of the part of energy storage management system.

According to aspects more of the present disclosure, each electrical power storage module 104 can comprise one or more electrical energy storage section 113 for store electrical energy.In a preferred embodiment, electrical power storage 113 can be not only the lithium ion battery with lithium ion battery chemical constitution and the cell pressure V3 wanted.Although various embodiment described herein uses lithium ion battery as the electrical energy storage section being used for store electrical energy in energy storage module using being described to, be understood that this is not regulation.Alternatively, any electrical energy storage section can be used, comprise the battery of other types, various types of cond, such as ultracapacitor, electrical power storage flywheel or any other electrical energy storage section.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, the different electrical power storage module 104 be included in electrical energy storage system 102 can have different electrical power storage modular character, such as different module running voltage V1.Such as, when electrical power storage module comprise battery as electrical energy storage section 113, the battery of an electrical power storage module can have the energy storage feature different compared to another electrical power storage module.These features can be different lithium ion chemical constitutions and/or different energy storage densities.In addition, the battery forming each electrical power storage module can interconnect in a different manner.Such as, all batteries of an electrical power storage module can be connected in series.Alternatively, the module running voltage V1 that the battery forming another electrical power storage module can be connected to provide electrical power storage module to want in the mode of any combination that is in parallel and that connect and current capacity.When the different electrical power storage module of system has different module running voltages, each output layout 108 can be used to the different module running voltage of different modules to be converted to identical output voltage V2.

The power modulation circuit 106a-f of total master controller 110 and each electrical power storage module 104a-f can be constructed to only ask from allowing electric energy to discharge from given electrical power storage module 104 during electrical power storage module 104 release current at total master controller 110.Such as, each electrical power storage module 104a-f can comprise a pair power terminal 114, and electric energy is discharged from relevant electrical power storage module 104 by this power terminal.Power terminal 114 can be controlled to start power terminal 14 by power modulation circuit 106 and allow only to ask to allow electric energy to discharge from electrical power storage module from during electrical power storage module release electric energy at total master controller 110.

Each electrical power storage module 104a-f also can comprise the charger 115 represented by Reference numeral 115a to 115f, and it charges for the electrical energy storage section for electrical power storage module.Charger 115a-f can be controlled by controller 110, and this controller can use communication bus 112 communicate with charger 115a-f and control the operation of charger 115a-f.Controller 110 can comprise external power input part 116, and it is for receiving from use charger 115a-f the electric power of the external source that electrical energy storage system 102 charges.Although charger 115a-f is described to be included in their corresponding electrical power storage modules, it should be understood that this is not regulation.Alternatively, charger can be arranged on multiple position, includes, but not limited to be included in controller 110 or is provided as the discrete parts being electrically connected to controller 110 and energy storage module 104a-f.

In a preferred embodiment, the output of power modulation circuit 106a-f arranges that each of 108a-f comprises the step-down/boost converter 117 represented by Reference numeral 117a to 117f, and it is controlled by controller 110.Similarly, controller 110 can use communication bus 112 to communicate with step-down/boost converter 117a-f and the operation of controlled hypotension/boost converter 117a-f.Step-down/boost converter 117a-f can be electrically connected to their corresponding electrical energy storage section 113 to receive their corresponding electrical power storage module running voltage V1a-f and this module running voltage is converted into output voltage V2, this output voltage independent of and can higher or lower than module running voltage V1a-f.

As Fig. 1 is illustrative, electric power management system 100 and electrical energy storage system 102 can be the systems for motor 118.Motor 118 can include, but not limited to electrical motor and/or the electrical generator with rotor assembly 120 and stator module 122.Controller 110 can be electric machine controller, and it regulates the operation of motor 118 based on incoming signal 124 and position signal 126.Incoming signal 124 can comprise motor torque or the power stage of request, the throttle signal in the situation of motor 118 running in vehicle, motor bike, scooter etc.Motor 118 also can comprise Hall transducer or arrange 128 for detection rotor assembly 120 relative to other position probing of the position of stator module 122.Described Hall transducer or other position probing arrange that 128 can produce the position signal 126 used by controller 110.When motor 118 runs in electric motor mode, the adjustable electric power being provided to motor 118 from electrical energy storage system 102 of controller 110.In addition, when motor 118 runs in generator mode, motor 118 can produce and can be provided to and the electric power be stored in electrical energy storage system 102.

Although position probing is arranged be described to Hall transducer, it should be understood that this is not regulation.Alternatively, any available and position probing easily provided can be used to arrange.Such as, when using high-frequency motor, capacitance-type encoder can be used.

Although motor 118 is primarily described as in this article be provided as DC brushless types, motor 118 can be provided as one of the motor of multiple other types and still in the scope of the present disclosure.This includes, but not limited to DC synchronous dynamo, variable reluctance or switched reluctance machines and induction machine.Such as, when motor 118 is provided as DC brushless types, the rotor pole of motor 118 can be provided as permanent magnet.When switched reluctance machines or induction machine, rotor pole may be provided in the protrusion of other magnet materials formed by the lamination of such as iron or preferably thin film soft magnetic materials.In other are arranged, rotor pole may be provided in electromagnet.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, controller 110 can apply variable driving voltage V4 and electric current to motor 118.As will be described in further detail below, controller 110 can using the motor torque of the speed of the motor according to the part as incoming signal 122 and/or request or power stage and the mode changed changes driving voltage V4 and electric current.Controller 110 can use predetermined function along with the increase of the speed of motor 18 and increase driving voltage V4 along with the motor torque of request or the increase of power stage.Controller 110 also can change driving voltage and electric current with optimize the efficiency of electrical motor, the power of electrical motor, the heating of electrical motor, the noise of electrical motor, the speed of electrical motor and torque, the life-span of electrical energy storage system or any other function of system one or more.

Controller 110 also can comprise switched arrangement 130, and it is for by using pulse duration modulation to switch the electric current that is applied to motor 118 and driving voltage V4 to control to be provided to the amount of the electric energy of motor 118.According to another aspect of the present disclosure, controller 110 can change the switch speed of switched arrangement 130 to change the switch speed being applied to the pulse duration modulation of motor 118.Controller 110 also can change switch speed for the pulse duration modulation of drive motor 118 and driving voltage.This method can be used for optimizing the efficiency of electrical motor, the power of electrical motor, the heating of electrical motor, the noise of electrical motor, the speed of electrical motor and torque, the life-span of electrical energy storage system or any other function of system one or more.

In a preferred embodiment, controller 110 control the power modulation circuit 106a-f of each electrical power storage module 104a-f each in step-down/boost converter 117a-f under the output voltage V2 wanted, export electric energy to make each module.This output voltage V2 is selected as the driving voltage V4 equaling to want.Controller 110 can use pulse duration modulation to control to be provided to the amount of the electric energy of motor 118 and described controller can be selected for pulse duration modulation the switch speed wanted.The switch speed of pulse duration modulation and driving voltage can change the operation optimizing motor.In order to realize it, and as will be described in further detail below, described motor and total system can by complete characterization or test to determine optimal drive voltage and the switch speed of pulse duration modulation the whole service scope for system.The result of this test can be incorporated into synopsis or operation function.These tables or function can be included in systems in which and can be used for controller 110, controller 110 can be selected and to use in the whole service scope of system any to the driving voltage of the pulse duration modulation wanted under stable condition and switch speed.

Motor 118 can be three-phase motor and controller 110 can use three electric conductors 132 to provide driving voltage V4 to motor 118.Although motor 118 is described to three-phase motor in this article, this is not regulation.Alternatively, described motor can utilize any quantity wanted phase and still in the scope of the present disclosure.As the skilled person will appreciate, according to structure described above, driving voltage is provided to depend on the quantity by phase in the motor to the quantity of the electric conductor 132 of electrical motor for being electrically connected controller to electrical motor.

Although controller is shown as single master controller in FIG, it should be understood that this is not regulation.Alternatively, controller can provide in every way.Such as, master controller can comprise multiple independently from control, and each independently controller is electrically connected to relevant power modulation circuit and controls relevant power modulation circuit and relevant electrical power storage module with independent.

Now, the general total electricity management system according to content design of the present invention is described according to Fig. 1.The concrete preferred embodiment of power drive system 200 hereafter will described according to Fig. 1 and 2 according to content of the present disclosure.In this embodiment, system 200 is used to the power drive system that elec. vehicle provides the change speed motor/electrical generator of electric power.

As above about described by electric power management system 100, system 200 comprises electrical energy storage system 102, and this electrical energy storage system 102 has six electrical power storage modules 104, and it is represented by Reference numeral 104a to 104f.Each electrical power storage module 104 has relevant electrical power storage module running voltage V1, and its branch is represented by Reference numeral V1a to V1f.As mentioned above, although electrical energy storage system 102 is described to comprise six modules, this is not regulation.Alternatively, electrical energy storage system can comprise the module of any amount.

The each of electrical power storage module 104a-f of system 200 also comprises relevant power modulation circuit 106, and it is represented respectively by Reference numeral 106a to 106f.As mentioned above, power modulation circuit 106a-f can be used to each relevant electrical power storage module 104 other electrical power storage module electric isolution with electrical energy storage system 102.Each also the comprising of power modulation circuit 106a-f exports layout 108, it is represented respectively by Reference numeral 108a to 108f, its for receive its relevant electrical power storage module electrical power storage module running voltage V1a-f, change described running voltage and export the output voltage V2a-f independent of electrical power storage module running voltage V1a-f.In this embodiment, the output of power modulation circuit 106a-f arranges that 108a-f comprises step-down/boost converter 117a-f respectively.The each of electrical power storage module 104a-f of system 200 also can comprise relevant charger 115, and it is represented respectively by Reference numeral 115a to 115f.

Each electrical power storage module 104 of system 200 also comprises multiple electrical energy storage section 113 for store electrical energy separately.In this particular embodiment, each electrical power storage module 104 comprises 78 independent lithium ion batteries, and this battery has nickel, cobalt and manganese oxide negative electrode, graphite anode and is about the cell pressure V3 of 3.7 watts.Described 78 batteries and 13 groups six the battery electrical interconnections be connected in parallel are to form 13 battery group be connected in parallel.Described 13 battery group in parallel have the nominal running voltage that is about 3.7 watts and they are connected in series to provide the nominal module running voltage V1 being about 48 watts.As mentioned above, although this embodiment is described to use the lithium ion battery interconnected with the module running voltage providing 48 watts, it should be understood that this is not regulation.Alternatively, any electrical energy storage section of wanting can be used and these parts can interconnect to provide any module running voltage wanted in any mode wanted.Such as, with describe 78 identical batteries above and can all be connected in series to provide the module with the module running voltage being about 288 watts.In addition, although whole being described to of the electrical power storage module of this specific embodiment has identical structure and module running voltage, this is not regulation.Alternatively, each electrical power storage module can have structure and the module running voltage of other electrical power storage modules of the system of being different from.

Although each power module is described to comprise single power modulation circuit 106, it should be understood that each module can comprise multiple power modulation circuit.Such as, above-described 78 batteries group's electrical interconnection that can be connected with 13 6 cell parallels.The group that 13 6 cell parallels connect each has its oneself power modulation circuit to allow other group's electric isolution be connected in parallel of each group of being connected in parallel and module.Relevant all 13 battery group be connected in parallel can be connected in series to provide the nominal module running voltage V1 being about 48 watts.

As above about described by system 100, system 200 also comprises total master controller 110, and it is electrically connected to each with the operation controlling power modulation circuit 106a-f of power modulation circuit 106a-f.But in system 200, controller 110 comprises six sub-controller 110a to 110f, they to be included in electrical power storage module 104a to 104f or separately as the integration section of electrical power storage module 104a to 104f.Master controller 110 controls and coordinates the operation of sub-controller 110a-f and each of sub-controller 110a-f is constructed to control their respective power modulation circuit 106a-f and step-down/boost converter 117a-f exports to make each electrical power storage module export at the output voltage V2a-f wanted the electricity wanted.As will be described in further detail below, these output voltages V2a-f can all have identical voltage, or alternatively, these output voltages can have different voltage.

System 200 also comprises motor 202.In this embodiment, motor 202 is provided as diameter clearance motor, and this motor has rotor assembly 204 and the stator module 206 of the periphery being positioned at motor 202.Motor 202 is brushless DC motor/electrical generators, and wherein rotor assembly 204 has multiple permanent magnet rotor pole, and they to be placed and motor 202 is for vehicle provides the direct drive of wheel electrical motor of electric power around the inner circumferential of rotor assembly 204.

As above about described by system 100, controller 110 regulates the operation of motor 202 based on incoming signal 124 and position signal 126.In this embodiment, incoming signal 124 comprises the motor torque of request and the power stage of such as throttle signal.Motor 202 also comprises Hall transducer or arranges 128 for detection rotor assembly 204 relative to other position probing of the position of stator module 206.Described Hall transducer or other position probing arrange the position signal 126 that 128 generation controllers 110 use.

In the arrangement of fig. 2, rotor assembly 204 is placed around the periphery of motor 202.That is, stator module 206 by rotor assembly 204 around.Although do not illustrate in Fig. 2, rotor assembly 204 can by bearings to rotate relative to stator module 206.Rotor assembly 204 and stator module 206 separate by diameter clearance 208.In alternative arrangement, rotor assembly 204 can be supported to be rotated about rotation axis 210 relative to stator module 206 by other suitable modes.Although motor 202 be described to have by rotor assembly around the spaced radial motor of stator module, this is not regulation.Alternatively, described motor can be the spaced radial motor of the stator module with surrounding rotor assembly.Alternatively, rotor assembly and stator module can axially be close to each other to form axially spaced-apart motor.

In the embodiment of fig. 2, rotor assembly 204 comprises 56 permanent magnets 212 contiguous to radial direction, and they form the rotor pole of rotor assembly 204.In some implementations, permanent magnet 212 is to super magnet or any other magnet material suitably or easily provided that can be provided as such as cobalt rare-earth magnet.Cross-sectional view as Fig. 3 is illustrative well, right each of permanent magnet 212 comprise be oriented to form northern rotor pole 212a the first magnet, be oriented the second time body forming southern rotor pole 212b.Contiguous described second magnet in position of described first magnet, makes two permanent magnets along being in substantially parallel relationship to the rotation axis 210 of motor 202 each other on one wire.Thus, when rotor assembly 204 rotates, described two permanent magnets limit the circular path about the vicinity of the rotation axis 210 of motor 202.As shown in Figure 3, described permanent magnet is located the inner circumferential towards spaced radial 208 around rotor assembly 204.Each continuous print permanent magnet is inverted 212, and south replaces around whole rotor assembly 204 from north orientation to make the magnet section of all vicinities.

Although permanent magnet can be provided as permanent super magnet to 212, other magnet material also can be used.In certain embodiments, the alternative permanent magnet of electromagnet uses together with rotor assembly 204.In addition, although the rotor assembly 204 of Fig. 2 is illustrated as comprise 56 magnets pair, it is envisioned that rotor assembly 204 can comprise the magnet pair of any amount.

Stator module 206 comprises multiple stator modules 214.In the arrangement of fig. 2, stator module 206 comprises 6 stator modules 214, and they are by representing for Reference numeral 214a to the 214f describing object in Fig. 2.Although stator module 206 is described to comprise 6 stator modules 214, other layout can be expected.Such as, the stator module comprising unnecessary 6 stator modules 214 or be less than 6 stator modules 214 is in the scope of the present disclosure.

Each stator modules 214 of motor 202 is independent of other stator modules 214 in stator module 206.More specifically, each stator modules 214 can be removed and is changed independently.In some implementations, stator modules 214 can be removed and motor 202 can run when not having whole stator modules 214.Such as, see the concrete layout of Fig. 2, motor 202 can when greater or less than six stator modules 214 run.That is, the motor 202 of Fig. 2 can run when one, two, three, four, five, six or seven stator modules 214.In addition, the stator modules used by symmetry or asymmetricly can be arranged.Such as, if employ two stator modules, stator modules 214a and 214b can be used to form the motor 202 of asymmetric version.Alternatively, module 214a and 214d can be used for the motor 202 forming symmetrical version.

In motor 202, at least one stator section 218 that each stator modules 214 comprises stator modules housing 216 and is contained in stator modules housing 216.Preferably, each stator section 218 is identical with the every other stator section of motor 202.In the arrangement of fig. 2, motor 202 is provided as three phase electric machine, and do not have individual stator modules 214 to comprise 6 stator sections 218, they illustrate respectively by Reference numeral 218a to 218f.

As Fig. 4 is illustrative well, each stator section 218 comprises magnetic core 220 and two absolute coils 222.Each magnetic core 220 is U-shaped magnetic core and a coil 222 is located round each leg of magnetic core 220.Because magnetic core 220 comprises the leg with constant cross-sectional plane, after coil 222 has been formed or has been wound around, electromagnetism pitch of the laps or coil 22 can slip over each leg of magnetic core 220.This allows each independent coil 222 to be wrapped in high power capacity economically and on very simple wire coiling machine.This before being installed on magnetic core 220 individually the ability of winding around 222 eliminate and use the expensive and wire coiling machine of complexity to realize the needs of complicated winding process, described winding process is generally used to manufacture traditional motor.

In this example, the round copper conductor with dielectric coat can be used to form coil 222.It is to be understood, however, that, any electrical conductor material of wanting and structure can be used.This comprises the electric wire that other conductive material (such as aluminium) beyond by copper removal are formed.This also comprises the wire rod with any shape of cross section (such as profiling electric wire or thin slice) wanted.

As Fig. 4 is illustrative, absolute coil 222 comprises two electrical leads 224, and it is for other coils of each coil of electrical interconnection and motor.By this structure, the electrical lead 224 of coil 222 can be interconnected by the various different mode wanted based on the particular demands of motor.Such as, in three phase electric machine, will comprise 6 pairs of coils for 12 coils, 222,6 stator section stator modules altogether, wherein two of these coil pair or two stator sections are associated with each.In such motor of lower-wattage version, interconnect in mode in parallel with every group of each two pairs of coils be associated.In such motor of higher-wattage version, with every group of each two pairs of coils be associated with the mode electrical interconnection of connecting.Compared with in such motor of moderate power version, can electrical interconnection with every group of each two pairs of coils be associated, make two groups occuping the parallel connection of the coil that two are connected in series.Therefore, multiple different stator modules and motor structure do not change any other parts in stator modules by using different structures to obtain to the electrical lead 224 of the coil 222 that interconnects simply.This provide and much identical parts can be used to construct the advantage of multiple motor structure.

In this embodiment, each stator section 218 also can comprise magnetic core ring 226, and it is attached to the side of U-shaped magnetic core in the end of each leg of U-shaped magnetic core.Magnetic core ring 226 can be constructed to Perfect Ring around the end of U-shaped magnetic core 220 to provide the stator pole faces 228 of expansion in each end of magnetic core 220.The end that the use of magnetic core ring 226 also allow for magnetic core 220 extends through magnetic core ring 226 thus the end of magnetic core 220 composition stator pole faces 228 at least part of.Magnetic core ring 226 also can be formed by thin film soft magnetic materials, powdery metal or any other magnetic material wanted.In a preferred embodiment, magnetic core ring is formed by the metal powder that can magnetically permeate being pressed into the shape wanted.As Fig. 4 is illustrative well, magnetic core ring 226 can have consistent thickness on the direction perpendicular to stator pole faces 228.Consistent thickness is used to allow magnetic core ring 226 to be easily also pressed into economically by powdered metal material.

Referring now to Fig. 5 and 6, the concrete structure for the exemplary magnetic core 220 of the specific embodiment of the motor 202 shown in Fig. 2 will describe in more detail.In this embodiment, each independent single type magnetic core 220 is wound in by the continuous print band made by thin film soft magnetic materials the shape wanted and is formed.In this example, described shape is oval substantially, represented by the coiling 230 in Fig. 5.These motors that can comprise the type of tape wound core are in US Patent 6,603,237,6,879,080,7,030,534 and 7,358, in No. 639 and PCT patent application PCT/US2010/048019, PCT/US2010/048027, and having a detailed description in No. PCT/US2010/048028, these files are all applicant and incorporated herein by reference.

Such as usually be used in without the film soft magnetic low-loss material of crystalline metal or nano crystal material and have in the thin continuous print band of consistent bandwidth.Shape also can be provided to be other magnetic materials a lot of of long continuous print band.For the purpose of this description, term tape wound core represents and comprises by being wrapped in by strip magnetic material in coil to form any magnetic core of magnetic core.

Because the thin film soft magnetic materials such as without crystal or nano crystal material is generally provided as the form of very thin band or ribbon (such as, parts per thousand inch or mil or be even less than mil), spool 230 can be made up of hundreds of Fig. 5 and the illustrative material layer of 6 center line 232 or coiling.Once be wound in the shape wanted, spool 230 can be annealed to remove issuable any stress in winding process.Spool 230 also soaks with the jointing material of such as very thin epoxy wicking, and epoxy wicking can be thermally cured that spool 230 is attached to hard parts.

Once be annealed, thin film soft magnetic materials can be stone and be highly brittle, and makes their little easily processing.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 and 6, spool 230 only needs an otch so that spool 230 is cut into two U-shaped parts.Each U-shaped part can provide a magnetic core 220.As illustrated in figure 6, described each U-shaped layer 234 be made up of multiple concentric thin film soft magnetic materials by cutting two U-shaped parts that spool 230 produces forms.

In some implementations, magnetic core 220 can be made up of nanocrystal, thin film soft magnetic materials.In other are implemented, any thin film soft magnetic materials can be used, and can comprise, but be not limited to, substantially be called ferrosilicon, without crystalline metal material, be similar to be similar in basic alloy composition by by some mode process to reduce the material without crystalline metallic material of the size of the crystal structure of material further, and any other membraneous material.Although the thin film soft magnetic materials of composition magnetic core 220 is mainly described to without crystalline metal or nano metal material, the disclosure is not limited to these concrete materials.Alternatively, any magnetic material that can be provided as thin continuous print band or ribbon can be used to be provided as tape wound core as described herein.

An advantage of above-mentioned core configurations is when being assembled into electromagnetic assembly mentioned above, and two stator poles that each single type magnetic core is formed to the leg by U-shaped magnetic core provide complete return path.This makes not need back iron to interconnect all stator poles with magnetic.Owing to not needing back iron, which reduce the inductance of the motor using this kind of core configurations.The inductance that the more high frequency which reducing the magnetic field related in magnetic core switches is assisted.

Another advantage of above-mentioned structure does not have parasitic interval in described magnetic core.That is, each layer of thin film soft magnetic materials extends to contrary end or the pole of U-shaped magnetic core always continuously from one end of U-shaped magnetic pole or pole.Therefore, this structure makes each layer of thin film soft magnetic materials orientation in suitable orientation pass through magnetic core with direct magnetic flux along the length direct magnetic flux of every layer of the such as illustrative thin film soft magnetic materials of arrow 236 of Fig. 6.

As mentioned above, the motor 202 of Fig. 2 comprises 56 to around the evenly spaced permanent magnet of rotor assembly 204, and each stator modules 214 comprises 6 stator sections 218.Stator section 218 in given stator modules 214 is furnished with the specific stator section space 250 between adjacent stators section 214.In this example, motor 202 is constructed to rotor pole and the stator poles ratio with four to three.That is, the given arc 252 of motor 202 built with four pairs of permanent magnets and three of given stator modules adjacent stator sections 218 be arranged in arc 252.Although for purposes of illustration, motor 202 will be described to rotor pole and the stator poles ratio of use four to three, and this is not regulation.Alternatively, the ratio that can to use between multiple rotor pole and stator poles any wants and still remaining within the scope of the present disclosure.

Arc 252 corresponds to 1/14th of the diameter of motor 202 because four equidistant permanent magnets to be arranged in arc 252 and motor comprise altogether 56 around the evenly spaced permanent magnet 212 of rotor assembly 204.This means if stator module is filled with evenly spaced stator section in stator section space 250, then exist and hold 42 spaces around the stator section 218 of stator module 206 altogether.Therefore, the motor with the structure of whole 42 stator sections 218 can have 7 stator modules, and each stator modules comprises 6 evenly spaced stator sections 218.

As mentioned above, whole stator modules can not be used according to the motor of content of the present invention.In addition, concrete stator modules design and electric machine design can make to be difficult to keep stator section interval constant in the end of adjacent stator modules between stator section.Such as, the thickness of the stator modules housing of two adjacent stator modules can not keep stator section interval constant in the end of adjacent stator modules between stator section for making.Therefore, concrete motor and stator modules relate to, or in specific electric machine design, use less stator modules can produce the stator poles gap being greater than stator section interval between stator section adjacent in associated stator module.

In the specific embodiment of Fig. 2, motor 202 only comprises 6 evenly spaced stator modules 214, and each stator modules only comprises 6 stator sections 218.This produces 36 stator sections altogether in stator module 206, even if 42 stator sections will be arranged in motor 202 when constant stator section space 250 uses whole stator section.In other words, 6 in 42 potential stator sections are omitted in motor 202.Use in stator module 206 be less than whole stator section 218 adjacent stators module end produce stator poles gap 254 between stator section.This stator poles gap 254 is greater than the stator section space 250 in stator modules 214 between adjacent stators section.In motor 202, the size in stator poles gap 254 is the twices in stator section space 250, because 6 potential stator sections are omitted and 6 stator modules are that proud stator module 206 evenly separates.These larger stator poles gaps can produce the problem about the time controlling the magnetic field switching stator section.But as hereafter will discussed in detail, the reason of modular design the use control method that describes of herein interpreted can be carried out in these larger stator poles gaps.

As mentioned above, each stator section of each stator modules 218 is preferably identical with the every other stator section of the every other stator modules of motor.This modular provides several advantage compared to traditional motor.

The first, by using certain stator section to design to all stator sections of specific motor, can manufacture in a large number economically for the coiling of stator section and magnetic core.When magnetic core is formed by thin film soft magnetic materials, because manufacture the relevant difficulty of magnetic core to using the material of these types, this is obviously advantage.Thin film soft magnetic materials use the electrical motor of magnetic core formed by thin film soft magnetic materials can provide obvious advantage compared to traditional iron core motors, because can run and not produce high core loss under unusual high-frequency.But commercialization is successfully in the motor to make these materials before manufacturing the relevant difficulty of the magnetic core of electrical motor to using these low-loss materials.

Except using identical Magnetic Core Design to all regular section of specific motor, identical Magnetic Core Design can be used for this motor family.This can realize by providing various coiling structure and various stator modules housing and the miscellaneous part relevant with identical Magnetic Core Design.Then each motor relevant to motor family can use a Magnetic Core Design and specifically coiling structure and specific stator modules housing.This also can increase the scale economics relevant with relevant motor family to producing specific magnetic core.

In another advantage of above-mentioned modular design, identical electric machine design can be used for providing the various motors with different power stages.Such as, when motor is used as the wheel hub motor of electric vehicle applications, identical basic electrical motor relate to can be used for providing there is suitable power stage enter gate vehicle, there is the middle-end vehicle of suitable power stage and there is the high-end vehicles of high-power output.In the concrete example of this method, the electric wheel hub electric motor of vehicle can be designed to include the space for maximum 6 stator modules.Enter gate vehicle and can provide two stator modules in the motor, middle-end vehicle can provide four stator modules in the motor, and high-end vehicles can provide six stator modules in the motor.This method makes identical basic electrical motor relate to the vehicle that can be used to all three kinds of power levels, this considerably reduces the cost of research and development Car design and Rail car manufacture.This method additionally provides unique ability electrical motor is upgraded to more performance-oriented electrical motor by increasing one or more stator modules afterwards.

The traditional electrical motor of major part is designed to run between 50 to 60Hz, because these are frequencies available in traditional AC electrical network.The reason that AC electric power is generally provided in these frequencies is that these frequencies are in the frequency capabilities of traditional iron core motors.Even in specific prior art electrical motor, frequency generally remains on below 400Hz.This is because traditional core material can not than this quickly response change magnetic field and do not produce a large amount of losses represented by the form of heat.

As mentioned above, low-loss AR film soft-magnetic material can be used to form the magnetic core of stator section according to the motor of disclosure design.Use low-loss AR film soft-magnetic material to allow to run in very high frequency to keep high efficiency to the core material of electrical motor simultaneously, and can run at exemplary 2500Hz or higher frequency.

As described with respect to figure 2, motor 202 comprises 6 stator modules 214a-f and electrical energy storage system 102 comprises 6 electrical power storage module 104a-f.According to another aspect of the present disclosure and as illustrative in fig. 2, each of stator modules 214a-f to be electrically connected in electrical power storage module 104a-f corresponding that to form 6 independently sub-electrical motor 260a-f respectively by electric conductor 258a-f.That is, stator modules 214a is electrically connected to electrical power storage module 104a to form sub-electrical motor 260a by using electric conductor 258a, stator modules 214b is electrically connected to electrical power storage module 104b to form sub-electrical motor 260b by electric conductor 258b, and by that analogy.By this structure, each of sub-electrical motor 260a-f can independent of other sub-motor running.

As mentioned above, each of electrical power storage module 104a-f comprises relevant sub-controller 110a-f.Each sub-controller 110a-f be constructed to control separately its relevant power modulation circuit 106a-f and electrical power storage module 104a-f with to or provide from its relevant stator modules 214a-f or receive electric power.Similarly, such a construction provides 6 electricity independently sub-electrical motor 260a-f, they separately can relative to other sub-electrical motor independent operatings.In this embodiment, total master controller 110 can be used to by communication bus 112 to be similar to the operation controlling and coordinate sub-controller 110a-f and sub-electrical motor 260a-f about the mode described by system 100.

In the embodiment of fig. 2, three electric conductors are used to each stator modules 214a-f to device association being electrically connected electrical power storage module 104a-f respectively, because motor 202 is described to three phase electric machine.Although motor 202 is described to three phase electric machine, this is not regulation.Alternatively, motor can have any amount of phase and the conductor of right quantity can be used each electrical power storage module 104 to be electrically connected to its relevant stator modules 206.

Although the structure of motor 202 is specifically described as the stator modules of the particular type comprising the stator section with particular type, this is not regulation.Alternatively, motor can be implemented as various structure.Such as, more traditional motor structure can be used and the coiling of affiliated motor or coil can be divided into the coiling group or coil group that want quantity, and one of each group and electrical power storage module associates to form sub-electrical motor.

As mentioned above, system 200 provides the power drive system comprising multiple independently sub-electrical motors 260, and sub-electrical motor 260 comprises stator modules 214 and electrical power storage module 104.In a preferred embodiment, each stator modules 214 can be identical with other stator modules in system and each electrical power storage module 104 can be identical with other electrical power storage modules of system.This modular structure provides several advantage compared to traditional power drive system.

The first, by using the electrical power storage modular design and the design of certain stator modules that are used for certain electric drive system, all parts of electrical power storage module and stator modules can more economical more substantial manufacture.Described in the situation that magnetic core is in the preceding article formed by thin film soft magnetic materials, because use the material of these types to manufacture the difficulty of magnetic core, this is obviously advantage.

The second, stator modules and electrical power storage module can be designed to easily remove and change.Compared to traditional power drive system, by providing multiple redundance in systems in which, this can improve maintainability and the reliability of this type system significantly.Such as, if there is unit failure (short circuit in such as motor windings or battery failures), can be closed to work under the performance reduced with the sub-electrical motor of the part relation of et out of order, compared to the sub-electrical motor of entire quantity, described performance is directly proportional to the quantity of the remaining sub-electrical motor worked on.The closedown with the sub-electrical motor of the parts of et out of order allows system work on and can not have the risk of further harm system, instead of needs to close whole system completely.This is such as due to failsafety, system uses and the shutdown system ash that causes causes in the application of the driver for vehicle of significant safety problem and can provide significant safety.This method is also by only requiring the electrical power storage module that the parts changing goldfish et out of order are correlated with or stator modules instead of removing and repair or change time and the cost that whole electrical motor or battery pack significantly reduce repairing.

As mentioned above, identical electric machine design provides the various motors with different power stages by the sub-electrical motor comprising varying number.This method additionally provides the ability by increasing one or more sub-electrical motor later electrical motor being upgraded to the uniqueness of more high-performance motor.In addition, identical electrical energy storage system design provides the various systems with different power storage capacity by the electrical power storage module comprising varying number.As hereafter will discussed in more detail, this method additionally provides the ability by increasing one or more extra electrical power storage module later electrical energy storage system being upgraded to the uniqueness of the system with higher storage power.

Modular design of the present disclosure also allows to use has the less electric parts of each electrical motor required for the battery pack of similar performance level and traditional drive system of single total electrical motor compared to using.Such as, if the step-down/boost converter associated with every sub-electrical motor and sub-controller can use to close use much smaller MOSFET required for single total electrical motor, controller and battery pack and/or other electric parts.This can reduce handoff loss and by allowing to use the more common-size that can manufacture more on a large scale and the more economical parts of the so uncommon parts wanted compared to more traditional design reduce the cost of electric parts.Use less MOSFET and/or other electric parts also can eliminate needs due to lower independent power level factory matching block.

As mentioned above, cluster is together in many ways based on the requirement of application to use multiple sub-electrical motor to allow the coil of total motor.This allows to be constructed to every sub-electrical motor is run at the driving voltage that the driving voltage more used than the conventional motors with identical output is much lower according to electrical motor of the present disclosure.Compared to traditional more high potential power drive system, this can provide significant security advantages.In addition, based on the concrete driving voltage for sub-electrical motor, compared to connecting required for single large battery pack to single large electrical motor, less electric conductor can be used by each electrical power storage model calling to its relevant stator modules.These less electric conductors can carry lower amperes and can provide the security advantages extra compared to traditional power drive system.

Use another significant advantage of modular driving-energy stocking system of the present disclosure to be that the correspondence of electrical motor and battery pack can be reduced in a large number, or eliminate even completely.This improves the efficiency of system by the circulation reduced or eliminated in electrical motor.

Although the independently sub-controller 110a-f of Fig. 2 is shown as the part comprised for electrical power storage module 104a-f, this is not regulation.Alternatively, sub-controller 110a-f may be provided in the discrete parts of some points be a little connected between electrical power storage module and stator modules.Alternatively, sub-controller 110a-f each can comprise the integration section of their the relevant stator modules 214a-f for motor 202 respectively, as shown in Figure 7.By this structure, be similar to and can be used to allow electric power to go out between the roughcast block 104a-f stator modules 214a-f relevant to them to flow at each electric energy to 111a-f about those the electric conductor described by Fig. 1.Because sub-controller 110a-f will produce the electric phase wanted in stator modules, electric conductor can be used 111a-f instead of the heterogeneous concrete electric conductor 258a-f using Fig. 2.

Said method also can be used for reducing or even eliminate to resistance balance or the needs of the other forms of balance of the group of series-connected cell that are connected in parallel.As mentioned above, if necessary, the group of the battery of each parallel connections can have its oneself power modulation circuit to allow other the battery group electric isolution be connected in parallel of each battery group of being connected in parallel and module.Then the power modulation circuit associated with the battery group be connected in parallel can be connected in series to provide module running voltage.According to this structure, each power modulation circuit associated to each battery group be connected in parallel by discharging unnecessary electric power or regulating at the charger arrow of module the amount of the electric power be stored in the relevant battery group be connected in parallel effectively to balance the battery group be connected in parallel between the used life of system.Alternatively, modular energy stocking system of the present disclosure can be used to the battery management system of the group be connected in parallel of the battery providing active balance to be connected in series.

As shown in Figure 8 and as mentioned above, electrical power storage module 104a comprises 78 batteries 113, and it has 13 groups 6 batteries in parallel.In this embodiment, electrical power storage module 104a comprises 14 inductions/electric discharge electric wire 262, and the voltage relevant to each battery group be connected in parallel responded to by the battery one that they are connected to interconnection.Induction/electric discharge electric wire 262 is also connected to sub-controller 110a, makes sub-controller 110a use sense to answer/to discharge electric wire 262 to make any one electric discharge of the battery group be connected in parallel independently.

The combination of induction/electric discharge electric wire 262 and sub-controller 110a provides balanced arrangement, and it is electrically connected to each of the battery group be connected in parallel, and the energy obtained from battery pack can be obtained from the subgroup of the battery group be connected in parallel.This structure additionally provides battery equilibrium and arranges, it can obtain energy from the subgroup of the battery be connected in parallel, and makes battery module be passed to electric installation by energy from the subgroup of the battery group be connected in parallel or be electrically connected in other external electrical load of battery module.

According to content of the present disclosure, above-mentioned battery equilibrium function can occur during use battery pack, provides battery equilibrium function thus between the normal used life of battery module.This allows the energy obtained from battery between battery equilibrium functional period to be used effectively, because the electric power obtained from battery between battery equilibrium functional period can be used to as being electrically connected to battery module and providing the device of electric power to provide electric power by battery module compared to traditional battery equilibrium layout.

As above about described by energy storage module 104a-f, each auxiliary electric energy storage module can comprise one or more electrical energy storage section 113 for store electrical energy.In a preferred embodiment, electrical energy storage section 113 can be the lithium ion battery with lithium ion battery chemical constitution and the cell pressure V3 wanted.Although various embodiment described herein is described to electrical energy storage section part lithium ion battery being used as store electrical energy in energy storage module, it should be understood that this is not regulation.Alternatively, any electrical energy storage section can be used, comprise the battery of other types, various types of cond, such as ultracapacitor, electrical power storage flywheel or any other electrical energy storage section.

In addition, different auxiliary electric energy storage modules can have different modular character, such as, and different module running voltages.Such as, when supplementary module comprises battery as its electrical energy storage section, the battery of a supplementary module can have the energy storage feature different compared to the battery of another supplementary module.These features can be different lithium ion chemical constitutions and/or different energy storage densities.In addition, the battery forming each supplementary module interconnects by various mode.Such as, all batteries of a module can be connected in series.Alternatively, the battery forming another module can provide the module wanted running voltage with any being connected that be in parallel and series connection.When the different module of system has different module running voltages, if wanted, the different module running voltage of disparate modules is converted to identical output voltage by each can be used for exporting layout.

As illustrated in the specific embodiment of Fig. 2, power drive system 200 comprises 6 auxiliary electric energy storage modules, and they are represented by Reference numeral 280a to 280f.The each of supplementary module 280a-f is electrically connected to relevant electrical power storage module respectively.Although each gold that this example show electrical power storage module 104a-f is connected to an auxiliary electric energy storage module, this is not restriction.Alternatively, can expect, any amount of auxiliary electric energy storage module can be connected to each of the electrical power storage module 104a-f of system.

The each of auxiliary energy storage module 280a-f of power drive system 200 comprises relevant power modulation circuit, and they are represented by Reference numeral 106g to 106l respectively.As mentioned above, power modulation circuit 106g-l can be used for other electrical power storage module electric isolution by each relevant auxiliary electric energy storage module and electrical energy storage system 102.Each also the comprising of power modulation circuit 106g-l exports layout, and they are represented by Reference numeral 108g-l respectively.Export arrange each be constructed to receive auxiliary electric energy storage module running voltage and conversion that Reference numeral V5a to V5f represents and output independent of the output voltage of electrical power storage module running voltage V5a-f.In this embodiment, the output of power modulation circuit 106g-l arranges that 108g-l comprises step-down/boost converter 117g-l respectively.The each of auxiliary electric energy storage module 280a-f also comprises relevant charger, they respectively drawings attached mark 115g to 115l represent.Alternatively, charger can be provided as the part of the part of the parts discrete with supplementary module or correlation energy storage module 104a-f or the sub-controller 110a-f of electrical power storage module 104a-f.

Each relevant sub-controller 110a-f 282a-f being electrically connected to electrical power storage module 104a-f by corresponding electric conductor of auxiliary electric energy storage module 280a-f transmits between the module of being correlated with to allow electric power.Each sub-controller 110a-f being also electrically connected to electrical power storage module 104a-f by communication bus 112 of auxiliary electric energy storage module 280a-f.This allows sub-controller 110a-f to control the step-down/boost converter 117g-l of auxiliary electric energy storage module 280a-f and the operation of their relevant power modulation circuit 106g-l.

As mentioned above, total master controller 110 controls and coordinates the operation of sub-controller 110a-f.Because supplementary module is connected to system, each of sub-controller is constructed to the step-down/boost converter controlling each power modulation circuit and its relevant auxiliary electric energy storage module and its relevant electrical power storage module.That is, sub-controller 110a is constructed to the step-down/boost converter 117a of the power modulation circuit 106a of control module 104a-f and the power modulation circuit 106g of supplementary module 280a and control module 104a and the step-down/boost converter 117g of supplementary module 280a.Sub-controller 110b-f controls the step-down/boost converter of power modulation circuit and their correlation modules.As mentioned above, sub-controller 110a-f makes each electrical power storage module and auxiliary electric energy storage module export the electricity output wanted at the output voltage V2a-f wanted.In the system comprising supplementary module, the output voltage of specific supplementary module 280 can be controlled as the identical output voltage of relative electrical power storage module 104.But, can all have identical voltage from the different output voltage V2a-f to associating of module, or alternatively, the output voltage V2a-f that the difference of module is right can have different voltage.

As mentioned above, this modular approach of electrical energy storage system allows supplementary module to be added the energy storage capacity increasing system.This method also removes and repairs or replace whole electrical energy storage system and provide more cost actv. to safeguard by allowing to remove and repairing or replace independent module instead of requirement to system.

As mentioned above, the chemical constitution forming the battery of supplementary module can be different from the chemical constitution of the battery of composition energy storage module 104.In a preferred embodiment, the rice card that supplementary module can be made up of high energy density cells, it has the energy storage capacity higher compared to energy storage module 104 but lower power capability.Energy storage module 104 can by having power capabilities but the battery of low-yield storage volume forms.By this method, energy storage module 104 can be used to any superpower requirement of disposal system, and compared to using the module of battery of more power capabilities, supplementary module can be stored and is provided more substantial energy under the longer time, and this energy can be used with more suitable speed.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, each electrical power storage module and/or auxiliary electric energy storage module can comprise the module housing 284 about the parts holding illustrative module in Fig. 8 and 9.Module housing 284 can comprise the salient 286 with the cross sectional form 288 wanted, and this salient has the length L wanted.As illustrated in Figure 9, shape of cross section 288 can comprise the perisporium 290 defining opening, and all parts of electrical power storage module can be placed in and be supported in this opening.As mentioned above, these electric parts can comprise power modulation circuit, export layout, sub-controller, electrical energy storage section, charger and step-down/boost converter.Salient preferably helps the Heat Conduction Material that the parts of electrical power storage module dispel the heat to make by permission module housing 284.In a preferred embodiment, described salient is the aluminium of the protrusion being anodised process, it is to be understood, however, that the material of protrusion can be any material wanted, such as heat-conducting plastic or any other suitable and can material.

Module housing 284 can comprise end cap 292 (as Fig. 8 illustrates well), and it is closed completely for sealing this long section projection ends and being formed.In a preferred embodiment, described end cap provides water tight seals, makes described module housing be hermetically sealed to protect the electric parts of electrical power storage module to be subject to humidity or the impact of other outer members.Embedding Material can be used to any remaining open spaces in packing module housing and formed end cap 292 with by electric seal parts in module.Embedding Material can be used to parts described in salient 286 inner support and can be used for airtight for electric parts in described module.Described Embedding Material can be heat conduction to help heat to remove and nonconducting with the short circuit between the electric parts avoiding module from the electric parts of module.Alternatively, thermal conductive gap pad can be used for helping to remove heat from the electric parts of module.

As Fig. 9 is illustrative well, the shape of cross section 288 protruding material can comprise the one or more heat-delivery surface 298 and the radiated flange 296 that are constructed to be attached to heat radiation support portion.In addition, take in the embodiment of the battery forms of such as lithium ion battery in electrical energy storage section 113, the electrical connection be included between the battery in each module can be that spot welding connects, and it can provide the good and failure-free of most probable to be electrically connected between battery.The battery be used in each module also can carry out factory's coupling based on some battery characteristics, described battery characteristics include, but are not limited to they cell pressure, impedance, they energy storage capacity and/or any other battery characteristics of most failure-free module is provided.

Refer again to Fig. 1, the disclosure is provided for the method and the motor controller (such as, controller 110) that control change speed motor (such as, motor 118).Described change speed motor provides electric power by the power supply (such as, electrical energy storage system 102) with power supply running voltage (such as, module running voltage V1a-f).Described system comprises change of voltage and arranges, it is for receiving from the electric current of power supply and power supply running voltage, conversion operation voltage and export and can be provided to electrical motor and independent of the electric current of power supply running voltage and variable drive voltage.In the embodiment in figure 1, change of voltage is arranged and is comprised step-down/boost converter 117a-f.Described controller also comprises switched arrangement, and it is by using pulse duration modulation to switch and applying transformation driving voltage to electrical motor to control to be provided to the amount of the electric energy of electrical motor.Switched arrangement is provided by the switched arrangement 130 on the controller 110 in the embodiment of Fig. 1.According to content of the present invention, described controller can make the switch speed of pulse duration modulation change and variable drive voltage can be changed in the mode changed according to the motor torque of at least speed of electrical motor and/or the motor power (output) output of request or request.

As mentioned above and according to content of the present disclosure, described controller can change pulse duration modulation switch speed and can change be applied to electrical motor voltage to optimize one or more operation characteristics of power drive system.These operation characteristics can comprise the efficiency of electrical motor, the power of electrical motor, the heat of electrical motor, the noise of electrical motor, the torque of electrical motor and speed, the life-span of power supply or the operation characteristic of any drive system wanted.Described controller can use predetermined function, and synopsis or other layouts wanted are to determine the driving voltage that uses in any situation in the range of operation of motor and switch speed.

Figure 10 is exemplified with according to its method 300 of control of the present disclosure.As step 302 represents, controller initially determines torque or the power stage of current power motor speed and position and request.As described in Figure 1, by position probing, these information arrange that 128 provide by position signal 126 with by incoming signal 124.Based on this information, the switch speed being applied to the driving voltage of electrical motor and the pulse duration modulation for driving voltage determined by controller, represented by step 304.As frame block 306 represents, described controller uses predetermined function to determine driving voltage and switch speed.These predetermined functions can take synopsis, formula or any other suitable and can form.Once driving voltage and switch speed are determined, controller makes to be converted into predetermined driving voltage, as Figure 30 8 represents from the electric current of power supply and output voltage.In the example of the system of Fig. 1, controller 110 makes step-down/boost converter 117 receive from the electric current of electrical energy storage section 113 and output voltage V2 and this output voltage is converted to predetermined driving voltage.Finally, as step 310 represents, controller uses predetermined switch speed to apply driving voltage to electrical motor.The pulse duration modulation applying driving voltage that this switched arrangement by the switched arrangement 130 using such as Fig. 1 is used in the switching of predetermined switch speed realizes.

As traditional motor, motor of the present disclosure produces counter electromotive force or inverse electromotive force, and the size of the voltage of inverse electromotive force is based on the rotative speed of motor or field switch speed.Generally, the voltage of inverse electromotive force is along with the increase of field switching frequency, and therefore the rotative speed of motor increases.The inverse electromotive force of given motor is also based on the concrete physique of motor.Such as, a. g. between rotor pole and stator poles, magnet type and size, for the formation of the number of turns on the type of the material of magnetic core, coil, coil interconnect arrangements, use back iron all significantly can affect the inverse electromotive force of concrete motor with the shape of magnetic connecting stator pole and magnetic core and size.

Figure 11 is the figure of the single magnet circulation of the single phase of exemplary electric machine, and wherein y-axis represents voltage, and x-axis represents the time.The voltage of the inverse electromotive force that the concrete example that inverse electromotive force curve 400 illustrates single circulation is therewith correlated with.In this example, described circulation is divided into the pulse spacing of 40 equal length, the pulse duration modulation of the driving voltage V6 that its drive voltage line 402 being used to into step represents.Each pulse spacing can have relevant pulse spacing voltage, the pulse spacing voltage V6a-e in illustrative five pulse spacings at first in such as Figure 11.When motor by as direct motor drive time, it is larger that driving voltage V6 can be controlled as the size being greater than inverse electromotive force.In addition, the voltage of the pulse of driving voltage V6 can be controlled to quite closely close to the optimal drive voltage curve 404 wanted, its can such as shape similar with inverse electromotive force curve 400 but size is larger a little.

According to content of the present disclosure, the various permission features of motor are optimized by the shape of the one-tenth step drive voltage line 402 of control Figure 11 thus the drive voltage line 402 of close proximity driving voltage curve 404. one-tenth steps best can by by being divided into the pulse spacing of the quantity of increase by circulation and making more closely close to optimal drive voltage curve 404.But, there is the energy signal that some associate with the pulse spacing voltage switching each pulse spacing.Therefore, there is the pulse spacing of optimal number, it can be used as and use enough pulse spacing with as much as possible close to motor inverse electromotive force characteristic and the pulse duration modulation that any given driving of the balance of handoff loss relevant for Ei voltage circulated with the pulse in switching each pulse spacing with restriction of inapplicable too many pulse spacing

As mentioned above, the inverse electromotive force of motor is based on the rotative speed of motor or field switching frequency.Therefore, significantly change along with the change of motor speed with the voltage curve of the inverse electromotive force of the given circular correlation of motor.Also as described above, also can there is the optimal drive voltage curve with any given circular correlation of motor, and this optimal drive voltage curve can be similar to the voltage curve of inverse electromotive force and larger in size.Therefore, the optimal drive voltage of given motor can marked change in the operational speed range of motor.

The pulse spacing of above-described optimal drive voltage curve and optimal number is determined by various mode and keeps within the scope of the present disclosure.Such as, concrete drive system and electric machine design can be completely tested and characterization to determine optimal drive voltage and the switch speed of the whole service scope of system.This can comprise the various driving voltage of use and pulse spacing combination experiment test is specifically related to determine the optimum value of the operation characteristic wanted of optimization system.Alternatively, some feature of system can be measured and these data can be used to set up the formula in the pulse spacing calculating optimal drive voltage curve and optimal number within the scope of the whole service of system.Some of described system can be measured spy's perseverance be the handoff loss relevant to the inductance of each group of the inductance of various parts of the inverse electromotive force of motor in the range of operation of switched arrangement, motor, motor, the position of stator modules and space or stator section spool.

Fully this method of characterization system or motor can even for the production tolerance of characterization motor in given electric machine design.In this case, each independent unit distinguishes relevant implication by being characterized individually to hold machine to any manufacture of machine.This method can be used to explain manufacturing errors, the resistance of a. g. between the stator poles of such as different stator modules and rotor pole, the difference in space between stator modules and stator section or the group of spool.

The data obtained by the feature of motor or system are by can being stored by the mode that controller uses.Described controller can use these data with the power of asking in the range of operation of the switch speed and motor of selecting the optimum value wanted of driving voltage and any given motor speed or torque input.Alternatively, the data obtained by the feature of motor or system can be used to set up publicity, and this formula can be used by controller at the run duration of system.Controller can use these publicities with the switch speed of the power or torque input and any given motor speed that calculate the optimum value of driving voltage and the request in the range of operation of motor wanted.

As mentioned above, the change speed motor comprising the magnetic core (magnetic core 220 of such as Fig. 4) be made up of thin film soft magnetic materials can run under higher field switching frequency at the motor compared to the traditional iron core of use.About 60Hz or the height of prior art electrical motor is more specifically compared to about 400Hz may be up to 2500Hz in the motor that these switching frequencies are powered compared to traditional AC.If use higher field switching frequency to allow given motor to run under wider rotative speed possible traditional field switching frequency lower compared to use.Although the scope of the rotative speed that the wider frequency limit employing such as 0-1500Hz or higher 0-2500Hz allows given motor structure wider, if use traditional motor control method, it can produce some challenges and potential efficiency.

If control method of the present disclosure contemplates can use very high pulse width modulation frequency.This electrical motor allowing these to control its method to be used to run under than superelevation motor frequency as described above.Such as, the maximum pulse width modulating frequency with 100,000Hz can be used to the motor of the field switchover operation scope controlling to have 0-2500Hz.This will allow 40 pulse spacings at the most, and motor runs under its maximum field switching frequency 2500Hz simultaneously.If use identical 100 when motor is at lower electromotor velocity (the field switching frequency of such as 100Hz), the pulse duration modulation switching frequency of 000Hz, this will cause pulse spacing of 1000 each electrical motors circulations to switch, its can produce significantly need not handoff loss.

As mentioned above, controller of the present disclosure is used in the switch speed of pulse duration modulation and driving voltage change with the operation characteristic optimizing motor.This can comprise use optimal number the pulse spacing exported to power or the torque of current power unit frequency or speed and request to balance handoff loss and to input relevant gain with providing the driving voltage of the optimal drive voltage input curve described close to Figure 11 as far as possible.Therefore, in above-described concrete example, when the field switching frequency of motor at 100Hz, the preferred switch speed for pulse duration modulation can be switch 40 pulse spacings of each circulation of electrical motor again.This is by corresponding 4000Hz but not the pulse width modulation frequency of 100,000Hz.When motor runs in this lower speed, the pulse width modulation frequency using this lower can significantly reduce to run the relevant handoff loss of motor in this lower speed.This can help the specific operation optimizing motor special significantly, the efficiency of such as motor.In addition, the driving voltage curve running relevant the best to lower speed can have compared to the driving voltage size lower significantly with running driving voltage size that motor is correlated with in higher speed.Therefore, as mentioned above, driving voltage is changed also can help very significantly close to the optimal drive voltage curve relevant to given motor running velocity when motor is in the specific operation characteristic of this given speed run-time optimizing motor.

Although the circulation of Figure 11 is described to be divided into 40 equidistant pulse spacings for illustrative purposes, this is not requirement.Alternatively, it should be understood that each circulation can be divided into and anyly want the pulse spacing of quantity and these pulse spacings do not need to have identical length in any given circulation.It should be understood that optimal number pulse spacing and can marked change with the optimal drive voltage of the concrete circular correlation of the concrete motor run under concrete frequency and the output wanted.Therefore, the disclosure is expected using any amount of pulse spacing and using any applicable driving voltage structure with the operation characteristic wanted optimizing motor.

The magnetic core with low loss material of such as thin film soft magnetic materials and use is used not to have the concrete core configurations of the back iron of the above-mentioned independently magnetic core of magnetic interconnection to significantly reduce the inverse electromotive force of such motor compared to traditional motor.This less inverse electromotive force allows more effectively to use field switching frequency faster together with the more low-loss core material of use.This allows wider frequency ranges of operation or rotational velocity range.Its method of above-mentioned control allows to use higher pulse width modulation frequency to make available higher frequency to hold such motor, simultaneously still keeps high efficiency to reduce handoff loss by the lower pulse width modulation frequency of use in lower speed/frequency.For given motor, the frequency of more wide region is used also to produce wider optimal drive voltage.Its method of upper lock control also allows the optimization to driving voltage under any given speed within the scope of the whole service of motor.

Above-mentioned controller also can be applied to the motor with multiple independently sub-electrical motor (motor 202 of such as Fig. 2).In this case, each sub-controller 110a-f can use its method of above-mentioned control to control its relevant sub-controller independently.That is, each independently sub-controller 110a-f can be used in and drive the switch speed of relevant stator modules 214a-f and driving voltage change to optimize the operation characteristic wanted of every sub-electrical motor.In addition, in order to offset any difference between each sub-electrical motor, the driving voltage of the change used to sub-electrical motor from sub-electrical motor and switch speed can be different for every sub-electrical motor.These differences can comprise, but be not limited to, the inductance of the parts of the size of a. g. between stator poles and rotor pole, composition every sub-electrical motor, from any other different in the position of the inverse electromotive force that the stator section that every group forms stator modules is correlated with, electric motor internal stator module or the feature of sub-electrical motor.Such as, the data that complete characterization motor and use obtain from these features can be used for compensating the difference sub-electrical motor with the said method of the operation controlling motor.

As above the method for characterization motor also can allow in motor, use single position probing to arrange and provide position signal with phase control device completely, and ignores the quantity of the stator modules be included in motor.By this method, from different stator modules each in the field of stator poles switch the relevant time difference by the characterization at motor during determined.These time differences will be used the part of the predetermined function of the sub-controller to control sub-electrical motor to be provided to total master controller as total master controller.Use these time differences, each operation of total master controller tunable sub-controller with the stator modules in small electromotor each position.

As mentioned above, whole stator modules can not be used according to the motor of content of the present disclosure.In addition, concrete stator modules relates to and electric machine design that the end of adjacent stator modules can be made to go out the stator section space keeping constant between stator section is very difficult.Therefore, concrete motor and stator modules design (such as, illustrative in Fig. 2) can produce stator poles gap 254, and it is greater than the stator section space 250 in motor 202.From above-mentioned for determining that the identical method of the time difference between different stator modules can be used to compensate these larger stator poles gaps.

Use multiple sub-electrical motor and the method that can compensate the different position of stator modules allows each stator modules to be positioned as making it can by relative to other stator modules phase shifts.In other words, when each stator modules is constructed to three-phase installation, each stator modules can be positioned as making three of described stator modules relative to other stator modules out-phase.This allows each stator modules effectively to increase by three and extra arrives electrical motor mutually.Such as, there is the device that six each electrical motors being used as the stator modules of three-phase installation can provide 18 phases altogether.This feature can be used to provide some advantage, such as has the electrical motor of the more smooth-going operation of less torque pulsation.

Above-mentioned controller method can be used to the combination of the feature of optimization system or any operation characteristic wanted.Such as, the efficiency of system can be in the optimised operation characteristic of the normal operation period of motor.In some high load capacity situation, optimised operation characteristic can be changed the power stage with optimization system.Other operation characteristics (temperature of such as relevant to the operation of system noise or motor or electrical power storage module) can be detected and controller can be constructed to optimize when these features reach certain level or control these features.In another example, the charge condition of electrical energy storage system can be detected and controller can by the output operated to drop to certain horizontal limit drive system at charge condition.

Although the characterization of motor is described as be in above before motor uses and completes, this is not regulation.Alternatively, motor various features can the monitored and feature of these potential changes can to determine the switch speed that uses and driving voltage in the involved characteristic data to being used by controller between the used life of motor.This permission system adapts to or is adjusted to the change of the various features that motor in motor use procedure may change.These features can include, but not limited to the temperature of motor, the resistance of each electric parts of motor, the impedance of all parts of motor or any other motor feature.If necessary, these features can be monitored continuously and upgraded continuously and be included in the characteristic data used by controller to determine that the pulse duration modulation switch speed that controller uses and driving voltage are to control motor.

Multiple enforcement of the present disclosure is described.However, it should be understood that, various remodeling can be made and do not depart from aim of the present disclosure and scope.

In a first example, each stator section of the stator modules of motor can have stator section space, its not corresponding concrete ratio relative to rotor pole space.In this example, each stator section can connect electric wire and controls with the controller associated by it or relative to the sub-controller of other stator sections.In fact this will allow the electricity of each stator section and its oneself to be associated.The specific features (comprising a. g., inductance, resistance, space and any other feature wanted) of each stator section can be passed through to use being controlled individually with best switch speed and optimal drive voltage curve specific to specific stator section to allow each stator section by fully characterization as described above.

In another example, although implement motor to be described as diameter clearance, brushless DC motor as above, this is not regulation.Alternatively, any motor wanted can be used, it comprise axial gap motor or any other be applicable to and can motor.Thus, other are implemented also in the scope of enclosing claim.

Reference numerals list

V1a-f module running voltage V2a-f output voltage V3 cell pressure

V4 driving voltage V5 supplementary module running voltage V6 driving voltage

V6a-f pulse spacing voltage L length

100 electric power management system 102 electrical energy storage system 104a-f electrical power storage modules

106a-f power modulation circuit 108a-f exports layout 110 controller 110a-f sub-controller

111a-f electric conductor 112 communication bus 113 electrical energy storage section 114 power terminal

115a-f charger 116 external power supply 117a-f step-down/boost converter 118 motor

120 rotor assembly 122 stator module 124 incoming signal 126 position signals

128 position probing arrange 130 switched arrangement 132 electric conductor 200 power drive systems

202 motor 204 rotor assembly 206 stator module 208 diameter clearances

The sub-problem of 210 rotation axis 212a-b permanent magnet 214a-f stator modules 216 fourth

218a-f stator section 220 magnetic core 222 coil 224 electrical lead

226 magnetic core ring 228 stator pole faces 230 coils, 232 layers of 234U shape layer

236 arc 254 stator poles gap, arrow 250 stator section spaces 252

258a-f conductor 260a-f electrical motor 280 supplementary module 282 electric conductor

284 module housing 286 salient 288 shape of cross section 290 perisporiums

292 end cap 296 radiated flange 298 heat-delivery surface 300 controller methods

302 step 304 step 306 frame block 308 step 310 steps

The driving voltage curve of 400 inverse electromotive force curves, 402 one-tenth steps

404 optimal drive voltage curves

Claims

1. an electrical energy storage system, comprising:

Multiple electrical power storage module, wherein each electrical power storage module has relevant running voltage, each electrical power storage module can under described relevant running voltage under variable current output power;

Multiple power modulation circuit, each power modulation circuit is electrically connected to a relevant electrical power storage module, allow other electrical power storage module electric isolution of electrical power storage module and the described electrical energy storage system of being correlated with thus, the electric current that each power modulation circuit comprises the electrical power storage module for receiving association and running voltage, the described running voltage of transformation and electric current and output power under the voltage of the running voltage independent of the electrical power storage module associated; And

Total master controller, it is electrically connected to each of the described power modulation circuit of each electrical power storage module and exports with each electric power of control from described electrical power storage module and control the electric power output of described total electrical energy storage system thus.

2. electrical energy storage system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each electrical energy storage system comprises multiple independent battery, and each battery has relevant battery operation voltage.

3. electrical energy storage system as claimed in claim 2, wherein said independent battery is lithium ion battery.

4. electrical energy storage system as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, the battery wherein forming the different electrical power storage module of described electrical energy storage system has different energy storage features.

5. the electrical energy storage system as described in claim 2,3 or 4, the battery wherein forming the different electrical power storage module of described electrical energy storage system has different lithium ion chemical constitutions and different energy storage densities.

6. the electrical energy storage system as described in claim 2,3,4 or 5, the multiple batteries wherein forming each electrical power storage module are all connected in series.

7. the electrical energy storage system as described in claim 1,2,3,4,5 or 6, wherein each power modulation circuit comprises step-down/boost converter, its for the running voltage of relevant electrical power storage module is transformed into independent of relevant electrical power storage module running voltage and its higher voltage comparable.

8. the electrical energy storage system as described in claim 1,2,3,4,5,6 or 7, the different electrical power storage module of wherein said electrical energy storage system has from the different feature comprising different running voltages and different energy, the syndrome of impedance and current capacity is selected.

9. the electrical energy storage system as described in claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8, wherein said total master controller is motor controller and described electrical energy storage system is the electrical energy storage system of the electrical motor for comprising the rotor with multiple rotor pole.

10. electrical energy storage system as claimed in claim 9, wherein said electrical motor is brushless DC motor/electrical generator.

11. electrical energy storage system as described in claim 9 or 10, wherein:

Described total master controller comprises multiple independently controller, and each independently controller is electrically connected to relevant power modulation circuit to control the power modulation circuit of being correlated with and the electrical power storage module of being correlated with independently; And

Described independently power modulation circuit coordinates with the single driving function produced for driving described electrical motor.

12. electrical energy storage system as described in claim 9 or 10, wherein:

Described electrical motor comprises stator, described stator has multiple independently stator modules, and each independently stator modules comprises the stator poles of multiple and described rotor pole magnetic interaction, each stator modules is electrically connected to relevant independently controller and is electrically connected to relevant power modulation circuit and electrical power storage module thus to form multiple electricity independently sub-electrical motor, and it is each can run independently relative to other sub-electrical motors.

13. electrical energy storage system as claimed in claim 12, wherein each stator modules comprises the coil assembly of charging to described stator poles, described coil assembly has one or more coil subgroup, and wherein each coil subgroup associates from the different magnetic phase of stator modules and all coils of each coil subgroup be electrically connected in series of composition.

14. electrical energy storage system as described in claim 9,10,11,12 or 13, wherein said electrical motor is powered to vehicle.

15. electrical energy storage system as claimed in claim 14, wherein said electrical motor is direct drive of wheel electrical motor.

16. electrical energy storage system as described in claim 9,10,11,12,13,14 or 15, wherein said total master controller applies variable drive electric current to described electrical motor.

17. electrical energy storage system as described in claim 9,10,11,12,13,14,15 or 16, wherein said total master controller applies variable drive electric current to described electrical motor.

18. electrical energy storage system as described in claim 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 or 17, wherein said electrical motor is multiphase motor and wherein said total master controller applies variable drive voltage and the function of current each phase to described electrical motor by the driving voltage applied of pulse duration modulation in each phase by the voltage changing the driving voltage applied.

19. electrical energy storage system as claimed in claim 18, wherein said total master controller with export along with the motor power (output) of the speed of described electrical motor, request and efficiency, response, the life-span, ride comfort and maximum available power one or more modes of carrying out changing of optimization change described driving voltage and function of current.

20. electrical energy storage system as claimed in claim 19, the increase that wherein said total master controller exports along with the increase of the speed of described electrical motor and the motor power (output) of request increases described driving voltage by using predetermined function.

21. electrical energy storage system as described in claim 15,16,17,18,19 or 20, wherein said total master controller passes through to use pulse duration modulation switching to be applied to the driving voltage of described electrical motor to control to be provided to the amount of the electric energy of described electrical motor, and wherein said total master controller changes the switch speed of described pulse duration modulation in one or more mode of the speed of the motor power (output) output and described electrical motor that change request.

22. electrical energy storage system as claimed in claim 21, wherein said total master controller changes the switch speed that is applied to the pulse duration modulation of described electrical motor and driving voltage to optimize life-span one or more of the efficiency of described electrical motor, the power of described electrical motor, the heat of described electrical motor, the noise of described electrical motor, the speed of described electrical motor and torque and described electrical energy storage system.

23. as the electrical energy storage system of claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,21 or 22, and wherein the power modulation circuit of each electrical power storage module and total master controller allow only to discharge electric energy when described total master controller request electric energy discharge from given electrical power storage module from given electrical power storage module.

24. electrical energy storage system as claimed in claim 23, wherein each power modulation circuit comprises at least one pair of power terminal, electric energy is discharged from relevant electrical power storage module by this power terminal, and described power terminal is associated to the power modulation control circui of described electrical power storage module to activate described power terminal and to allow only to discharge electric energy when described total master controller request electric energy discharges from given electrical power storage module from given electrical power storage module.

25. electrical energy storage system as described in claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,21,22,23 or 24, wherein:

Described total master controller comprises multiple independently controller, and each independently controller is electrically connected to relevant power modulation circuit to control the power modulation circuit of being correlated with and its relevant electrical power storage module independently;

Described electrical energy storage system comprises at least one auxiliary electric energy storage module with relevant auxiliary electric energy storage module running voltage and by the auxiliary power modulation circuit of other electrical power storage module electric isolution of described auxiliary electric energy storage module and described electrical energy storage system, the voltage that described auxiliary power modulation circuit comprises auxiliary electric energy storage module modulating voltage for receiving described auxiliary electric energy storage module and electric current, the described running voltage of conversion and electric current and exports independent of the auxiliary electric energy storage module running voltage of described auxiliary electric energy storage module; And

At least one auxiliary electric energy storage module described is electrically connected to the independent control that is associated with a given electrical power storage module and is controlled by this controller.

26. electrical energy storage system as described in claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,21,22,23,24 or 25, wherein each electrical power storage module comprises module housing, it is for holding described electrical power storage module and relevant power modulation circuit, and described module housing comprises the Heat Conduction Material of convex section and the end cap for the end that seals described convex section material.

27. electrical energy storage system as claimed in claim 26, wherein said end cap provides water-stop and the material of wherein said protrusion is the aluminium protruded, and it has the shape of cross section comprising at least one radiated flange and be constructed to the heat-delivery surface being attached to heat radiation support portion.

28. for the electric power management method of the electrical energy storage system as described in claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,21,22,23,24,25,26 or 27, and described electric power management method comprises:

Use each power modulation circuit to receive the electrical power storage module running voltage of described relevant electrical power storage module and electric current and change and export the voltage independent of the running voltage being associated with electrical power storage module; And

Described total master controller is used to export with the electric power of control from each electrical power storage module and control the electric power output of described total electrical energy storage system thus.

29. for controlling the motor controller of the change speed motor being provided electric power by the power supply with operation power voltage, and described controller comprises:

Change of voltage is arranged, its for receive from described power supply power supply running voltage, change described running voltage and export and be applied to described electrical motor and independent of the variable drive voltage of described power supply running voltage; And

Switched arrangement, it is by using pulse duration modulation to switch and applying described variable drive voltage to described electrical motor to control to be provided to the amount of the electric energy of described electrical motor,

Wherein said controller changes the switch speed of described pulse duration modulation and changes described variable drive voltage in one or more mode of the speed changing motor power (output) output and the described electrical motor of asking.

30. motor controllers as claimed in claim 29, wherein said controller changes the switch speed of described pulse duration modulation and changes the variable drive voltage that is provided to described electrical motor to optimize life-span one or more of the efficiency of electrical motor, the power of electrical motor, the heat of electrical motor, the noise of electrical motor, the speed of electrical motor and torque and electrical energy storage system.

31. controllers as described in claim 29 or 30, wherein said controller changes along with the speed of described electrical motor and exports along with the motor power (output) of described request and changes by using predetermined function change the switch speed of described pulse duration modulation and change the variable drive voltage being provided to described electrical motor.

32. controllers as described in claim 29,30 or 31, wherein said power supply comprises at least one lithium ion battery.

33. 1 kinds of controls are provided the method for the change speed motor of electric power by the power supply with power supply running voltage, described method comprises:

Use controller receive the power supply running voltage from described power supply and change and export variable drive voltage, this variable drive voltage is applied to described electrical motor and independent of described power supply running voltage; And

Use controller by using pulse duration modulation to switch and applying described variable drive voltage to described electrical motor to control to be provided to the amount of the electric energy of described electrical motor,

Wherein said controller changes the switch speed of described pulse duration modulation in one or more mode of the speed of the motor power (output) output and described electrical motor that change request and changes described variable drive voltage.

34. as the method for claim 33, and wherein said controller changes the switch speed of described pulse duration modulation and changes the variable drive voltage that is provided to described electrical motor to optimize life-span one or more of the efficiency of electrical motor, the power of electrical motor, the heat of electrical motor, the noise of electrical motor, the speed of electrical motor and torque and electrical energy storage system.

35. methods as described in claim 33 or 34, wherein said controller is applied to the variable drive voltage of described electrical motor and the switch speed of described pulse duration modulation along with the change that the change of the speed of described electrical motor and the motor power (output) of described request export uses predetermined function to change.

36. as the method for claim 33,34 or 35, and wherein said power supply comprises at least one lithium ion battery.

37. 1 kinds are used in the battery module in electrical energy storage system, and described battery module comprises:

At least one battery; And

For holding the module housing of described battery, described module housing comprises the end cap of the Heat Conduction Material of convex section and the end for the material that seals described convex section.

38. battery modules as claimed in claim 37, wherein said end cap provides water-stop and the material of wherein said protrusion is the aluminium protruded, and it has to comprise and is constructed to be attached to the heat radiation heat-delivery surface of support portion and the shape of cross section of at least one radiated flange.

39. battery modules as described in claim 37 or 38, wherein said battery is lithium ion battery.

40. battery modules as described in claim 37,38 or 39, wherein said battery is all connected in series.

41. battery modules as described in claim 37,38,39 or 40, wherein said battery electrical interconnection is to provide battery voltage and wherein said battery pack also comprises power modulation circuit, it is constructed to be controlled by peripheral control unit, described battery voltage can not be used, unless it is by described peripheral control unit order from the outside of described battery pack.

42. battery modules as claimed in claim 41, wherein said battery pack to be constructed to be used in the electrical energy storage system with multiple battery module and wherein said power modulation circuit be constructed to allow described battery module to lose efficacy and with described system electric isolution.

43. battery modules as described in claim 37,38,39,40,41 or 42, wherein said battery module comprises multiple battery group be connected in parallel, each group be connected in parallel comprises at least one battery, and described in the battery group that is connected in parallel in series be electrically connected to another group.

44. battery modules as claimed in claim 43, wherein said battery module comprises battery equilibrium and arranges, it is electrically connected to each of the battery group be connected in parallel, and the energy obtained from described battery module is obtained from the subgroup of the described battery group be connected in parallel.

45. battery modules as claimed in claim 44, wherein said battery equilibrium is arranged and is obtained energy from the subgroup of the described battery group be connected in parallel, make between the used life of described battery module, described battery module delivers power to the electric installation or other external electrical load being electrically connected to described battery module from the subgroup of the described battery group be connected in parallel, and provides battery equilibrium function thus between the used life of described battery module to described battery module.