CN105207759A - Pilot frequency multiplexing method with multiplexing factor of 4 in super-dense networking - Google Patents
Pilot frequency multiplexing method with multiplexing factor of 4 in super-dense networking Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种超密集组网中复用因子为4的导频复用方法，属于无线通信技术领域。设超密集组网中有L个小区，将每个小区分为用户数相等的4个区域，则每个区域所需的正交导频数目为；将超密集组网中用户数为Ki的第i个小区划分为4个区域，根据地图四色原理，对所有小区内的4个区域用四种不同的颜色进行着色，并用编号1、2、3、4表示四种不同的颜色，着色需遵循的原则是地图四色原理：有公共边的两个区域不能使用相同的颜色，按小区的着色对小区进行标记，然后进行导频分配，分配的方法是着色相同的区域使用同一套导频序列。本方法将图论中的四色原理应用到UDN导频分配中，使得使用相同导频序列的用户在地理位置上分隔开，有效减轻了导频污染。
The invention relates to a pilot multiplexing method with a multiplexing factor of 4 in an ultra-dense networking, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication. Suppose there are L cells in the ultra-dense networking, and each cell is divided into 4 areas with equal number of users, then the number of orthogonal pilots required in each area is ; In the ultra-dense networking, the i-th community whose number of users is K i is divided into 4 areas, and according to the map four-color principle, the 4 areas in all the areas are colored with four different colors, and numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent four different colors. The principle to be followed for coloring is the four-color principle of the map: two areas with common sides cannot use the same color, and the cells are marked according to the coloring of the cells, and then the pilots are allocated. , assigned by coloring the same region using the same set of pilot sequences. This method applies the four-color principle in graph theory to UDN pilot allocation, so that users using the same pilot sequence are geographically separated, effectively reducing pilot pollution.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种超密集组网中复用因子为4的导频复用方法，尤其涉及一种超密集组网中基于地图四色原理的复用因子为4的导频复用方法，属于无线通信技术领域。 The invention relates to a pilot multiplexing method with a multiplexing factor of 4 in an ultra-dense networking, in particular to a pilot multiplexing method with a multiplexing factor of 4 based on the four-color map principle in an ultra-dense networking, belonging to The field of wireless communication technology.
背景技术 Background technique
随着互联网及通信技术的高速发展及智能终端的大范围普及，未来无线移动业务将呈现爆炸式的增长。以传统语音业务为主的通信系统将无法满足人们对于多媒体高速数据业务的需求，现在的由宏基站和室内的小基站组成的异构网络已经不能满足上升的流量需求，而超密集组网(以下简称为UDN)通过更加“密集化”的无线网络设施部署获得更高的频率复用效率，从而在局部热点区域实现百倍量级的系统容量提升。然而，现有的宏基站部署已经十分密集，相邻小区之间的干扰已经十分强烈，进一步减小小区的半径将会使各个无线接入点之间的距离大大减小，导致小区间的干扰更加严重。 With the rapid development of the Internet and communication technologies and the widespread popularization of smart terminals, wireless mobile services will show explosive growth in the future. Communication systems based on traditional voice services will not be able to meet people's needs for multimedia high-speed data services. The current heterogeneous network composed of macro base stations and indoor small base stations can no longer meet the rising traffic demand. Ultra-dense networking ( UDN (hereinafter referred to as UDN) obtains higher frequency reuse efficiency through more "dense" deployment of wireless network facilities, thereby achieving a hundred-fold increase in system capacity in local hotspot areas. However, the existing macro base station deployment is already very dense, and the interference between adjacent cells is already very strong. Further reducing the radius of the cell will greatly reduce the distance between each wireless access point, resulting in inter-cell interference more serious.
在UDN中，无线接入点的数目比用户数还多，所以信道估计中一般采取用户发射导频，在接入点侧做信道估计，由于UDN中小区不再是规则的正六边形，且小区内的用户数也不是相同的，所以传统的按照小区进行导频复用的方案(即同一小区内使用正交导频，不同小区之间进行导频复用)在UDN中不适用，所以需要设计更适用于UDN的导频复用方案以抑制UDN中的导频污染。 In UDN, the number of wireless access points is more than the number of users, so in channel estimation, user transmission pilots are generally used, and channel estimation is performed on the access point side. Since the cells in UDN are no longer regular regular hexagons, and The number of users in a cell is not the same, so the traditional solution of pilot multiplexing by cell (i.e. using orthogonal pilots in the same cell and multiplexing pilots between different cells) is not applicable in UDN, so A more suitable pilot reuse scheme for UDN needs to be designed to suppress pilot pollution in UDN.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提出一种超密集组网中复用因子为4的导频复用方法，降低小区间复用同一导频的用户之间产生的导频污染问题。 The purpose of the present invention is to propose a pilot frequency multiplexing method with a multiplexing factor of 4 in an ultra-dense networking, to reduce the problem of pilot frequency pollution generated between users who reuse the same pilot frequency between cells.
本发明提出的超密集组网中复用因子为4的导频复用方法，包括以下步骤： In the ultra-dense networking proposed by the present invention, a pilot multiplexing method with a multiplexing factor of 4 comprises the following steps:
(1)设超密集组网中有L个小区，各小区的用户数分别为K1,K2,…,KL，记K＝max{K1,K2,…,KL}为所有小区中的最大用户数，设各小区内用户是均匀分布的，将每个小区分为用户数相等的4个区域，则每个区域所需的正交导频数目为 (1) Suppose there are L cells in the ultra-dense network, and the number of users in each cell is K 1 , K 2 ,…,K L , and K=max{K 1 ,K 2 ,…,K L } is all The maximum number of users in a cell, assuming that the users in each cell are uniformly distributed, and each cell is divided into 4 areas with equal number of users, then the number of orthogonal pilots required in each area is
(2)将超密集组网中用户数为Ki的第i个小区划分为4个区域，划分的方法是：各区域之间不存在相互包含的关系，同时使得每个小区的用户数大致相等，每个区域的用户数为或 (2) Divide the i-th cell with the number of users K i in the ultra-dense networking into four areas. The division method is: there is no mutual inclusion relationship between the areas, and at the same time, the number of users in each cell is approximately are equal, the number of users per region is or
(3)根据地图四色原理，对所有小区内的4个区域用四种不同的颜色进行着色，并用编号1、2、3、4表示四种不同的颜色，着色需遵循的原则是地图四色原理：有公共边的两个区域不能使用相同的颜色，着色过程如下： (3) According to the four-color principle of the map, color the four areas in all the districts with four different colors, and use numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 to represent the four different colors. The principle to be followed in coloring is map four Color principle: Two areas with common edges cannot use the same color, the coloring process is as follows:
(3-1)对一个小区的4个区域用1、2、3、4四种颜色进行着色； (3-1) 4 regions of a community are colored with 1, 2, 3, 4 four kinds of colors;
(3-2)给相邻两小区的各区域着色时，对相邻两小区中的一个小区的当前着色区域的待用颜色与相邻两小区中的另一个小区已经着色区域的颜色进行判断，若当前着色区域的待用颜色与相邻两小区中另一个小区已经着色区域的颜色不相同，则使用待用颜色对当前着色区域进行着色，若当前着色区域的待用颜色与相邻两小区中另一小区已经着色区域的颜色相同，则更换一种颜色，并重复本步骤，重新判断与相邻两小区中另一已经着色的区域颜色是否相同，直至当前选择颜色与相邻小区中另一小区的已经着色颜色不相同，使用当前选择颜色对当前着色区域进行着色； (3-2) When coloring each area of two adjacent sub-districts, the color to be used in the current coloring area of one of the two adjacent sub-districts and the color of the already colored area of another sub-district in the two adjacent two sub-districts are judged , if the to-be-used color of the current coloring area is different from the color of the already-colored area of another of the two adjacent cells, use the to-be-used color to color the current coloring area, if the to-be-used color of the current coloring area If the color of the colored area of another area in the area is the same, then change a color, and repeat this step, re-judging whether the color is the same as that of the other area that has been colored in the adjacent two areas, until the currently selected color is the same as that in the adjacent area. The colored color of another cell is different, use the currently selected color to color the current colored area;
(3-3)遍历超密集组网中所有小区的4个区域，直至所有小区内的4个区域完成着色； (3-3) Traverse the 4 areas of all cells in the ultra-dense networking until the 4 areas in all cells are colored;
(4)按小区的着色对小区进行标记，然后进行导频分配，分配的方法是着色相同的区域使用同一套导频序列。如图4所示的颜色值相同的区域可以使用相同的导频序列。因为着相同颜色的区域在地理位置上是相对分离开的，所以相互之间的干扰较小，因此可以有效地降低导频污染。 (4) Mark the cells according to the coloring of the cells, and then carry out pilot allocation. The allocation method is to use the same set of pilot sequences in the same coloring area. Areas with the same color value as shown in FIG. 4 may use the same pilot sequence. Because the areas with the same color are relatively separated geographically, the mutual interference is small, so the pilot pollution can be effectively reduced.
本发明提出的超密集组网中复用因子为4的导频复用方法，其优点是，本方法将图论中的四色原理应用到UDN导频分配中，使得使用相同导频序列的用户在地理位置上分隔开，有效减轻了导频污染。 The advantage of the pilot multiplexing method with a multiplexing factor of 4 in the ultra-dense networking proposed by the present invention is that this method applies the four-color principle in graph theory to the UDN pilot allocation, so that the same pilot sequence Users are geographically separated, effectively reducing pilot pollution.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为将一个小区划分为4个用户数相等的区域的示意图。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of dividing a cell into four areas with equal numbers of users.
图2为UDN场景图，图中加粗线条表示小区边界，数字1、2、3、4表示四种不同的颜色值的区域。 Figure 2 is a UDN scene diagram. The bold lines in the figure indicate the cell boundaries, and the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 indicate areas with four different color values.
图3为对所有小区的各区域进行着色的流程图。 Fig. 3 is a flow chart of coloring each area of all cells.
图4为对三个小区的场景进行导频分配的示意图。 Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of pilot allocation for a scenario of three cells.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
本发明提出的超密集组网中复用因子为4的导频复用方法，包括以下步骤： In the ultra-dense networking proposed by the present invention, a pilot multiplexing method with a multiplexing factor of 4 comprises the following steps:
(1)设超密集组网中有L个小区，各小区的用户数分别为K1,K2,…,KL，记K＝max{K1,K2,…,KL}为所有小区中的最大用户数，设各小区内用户是均匀分布的，将每个小区分为用户数相等的4个区域，如图1所示，则每个区域所需的正交导频数目为 (1) Suppose there are L cells in the ultra-dense network, and the number of users in each cell is K 1 , K 2 ,…,K L , and K=max{K 1 ,K 2 ,…,K L } is all The maximum number of users in a cell, assuming that the users in each cell are evenly distributed, each cell is divided into 4 areas with the same number of users, as shown in Figure 1, then the number of orthogonal pilots required for each area is
(2)将超密集组网中用户数为Ki的第i个小区划分为4个区域，划分的方法是：各区域之间不存在相互包含的关系，同时使得每个小区的用户数大致相等，每个区域的用户数为或 (2) Divide the i-th cell with the number of users K i in the ultra-dense networking into four areas. The division method is: there is no mutual inclusion relationship between the areas, and at the same time, the number of users in each cell is approximately are equal, the number of users per region is or
通过上述步骤(2)，第i个小区分成4个区域，如图1所示，每个区域的用户数相等，为或显然，所以步骤(1)中，每个区域分配的正交导频数即可保证每个区域内的用户使用的导频都是相互正交的，每个区域内不会存在导频污染。 Through the above step (2), the i-th cell is divided into 4 areas, as shown in Figure 1, the number of users in each area is equal, as or Obviously, So in step (1), each region is allocated The number of orthogonal pilots can ensure that the pilots used by users in each area are mutually orthogonal, and there will be no pilot pollution in each area.
(3)根据地图四色原理，对所有小区内的4个区域用四种不同的颜色进行着色，并用编号1、2、3、4表示四种不同的颜色，着色需遵循的原则是地图四色原理：有公共边的两个区域不能使用相同的颜色，对所有小区的各区域进行着色的流程图如图3所示。可以采取深度优先搜索算法(DFS)对其进行着色，着色过程如下： (3) According to the four-color principle of the map, color the four areas in all the districts with four different colors, and use numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 to represent the four different colors. The principle to be followed in coloring is map four Color principle: two areas with common sides cannot use the same color, and the flow chart of coloring each area of all plots is shown in Figure 3. It can be colored by depth-first search algorithm (DFS), and the coloring process is as follows:
(3-1)对一个小区的4个区域用1、2、3、4四种颜色进行着色； (3-1) 4 regions of a community are colored with 1, 2, 3, 4 four kinds of colors;
(3-2)给相邻两小区的各区域着色时，对相邻两小区中的一个小区的当前着色区域的待用颜色与相邻两小区中的另一个小区已经着色区域的颜色进行判断，若当前着色区域的待用颜色与相邻两小区中另一个小区已经着色区域的颜色不相同，则使用待用颜色对当前着色区域进行着色，若当前着色区域的待用颜色与相邻两小区中另一小区已经着色区域的颜色相同，则更换一种颜色，并重复本步骤，重新判断与相邻两小区中另一已经着色的区域颜色是否相同，直至当前选择颜色与相邻小区中另一小区的已经着色颜色不相同，使用当前选择颜色对当前着色区域进行着色； (3-2) When coloring each area of two adjacent sub-districts, the color to be used in the current coloring area of one of the two adjacent sub-districts and the color of the already colored area of another sub-district in the two adjacent two sub-districts are judged , if the to-be-used color of the current coloring area is different from the color of the already-colored area of another of the two adjacent cells, use the to-be-used color to color the current coloring area, if the to-be-used color of the current coloring area If the color of the colored area of another area in the area is the same, then change a color, and repeat this step, re-judging whether the color is the same as that of the other area that has been colored in the adjacent two areas, until the currently selected color is the same as that in the adjacent area. The colored color of another cell is different, use the currently selected color to color the current colored area;
(3-3)遍历超密集组网中所有小区的4个区域，直至所有小区内的4个区域完成着色； (3-3) Traverse the 4 areas of all cells in the ultra-dense networking until the 4 areas in all cells are colored;
(4)按小区的着色对小区进行标记，然后进行导频分配，分配的方法是着色相同的区域使用同一套导频序列。如图4所示的颜色值相同的区域可以使用相同的导频序列。因为着相同颜色的区域在地理位置上是相对分离开的，所以相互之间的干扰较小，因此可以有效地降低导频污染。 (4) Mark the cells according to the coloring of the cells, and then carry out pilot allocation. The allocation method is to use the same set of pilot sequences in the same coloring area. Areas with the same color value as shown in FIG. 4 may use the same pilot sequence. Because the areas with the same color are relatively separated geographically, the mutual interference is small, so the pilot pollution can be effectively reduced.
UDN场景下，各小区形状不再是传统的正六边形，而是不规则的多边形，同时每个小区的用户数也各不相同。根据地图四色定理——用数学语言表示为“将平面任意地细分为不相重叠的区域，每一个区域总可以用1、2、3、4这四个数字之一来标记而不会使相邻的两个区域得到相同的数字”。因此，将每个小区按用户的分布分为4个区域，使每个区域的用户数相等。然后按地图四色原理进行导频分配，使得使用相同导频的用户在地理位置上分隔开，以此降低导频污染。 In the UDN scenario, the shape of each cell is no longer a traditional regular hexagon, but an irregular polygon, and the number of users in each cell is also different. According to the four-color theorem of the map—expressed in mathematical language as "arbitrarily subdividing the plane into non-overlapping areas, each area can always be marked with one of the four numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 without so that two adjacent areas get the same number". Therefore, each cell is divided into 4 areas according to the distribution of users, so that the number of users in each area is equal. Then, the pilot distribution is carried out according to the four-color principle of the map, so that the users who use the same pilot are geographically separated, so as to reduce pilot pollution.
以下介绍本发明方法的一个实施例： An embodiment of the inventive method is introduced below:
假设有3个相邻的小区，每个小区的用户数分别为15、24、19，按所述方法进行导频分配的具体步骤是： Assuming that there are 3 adjacent cells, and the number of users in each cell is 15, 24, and 19 respectively, the specific steps for pilot allocation according to the method described are:
1、将每个小区按用户数分为4个区域，使得每个区域的用户数大致相等，对三个小区划分区域之后，第一个小区分得的四个区域的用户数分别为4、4、4和3，第二个小区内的四个区域的用户数均相等，都为6，第三个小区的四个区域内的用户数分别为5、5、5、4。 1. Divide each cell into 4 areas according to the number of users, so that the number of users in each area is approximately equal. After dividing the areas into three cells, the number of users in the four areas obtained from the first cell is 4, 4, 4, and 3, the number of users in the four areas in the second cell is equal to 6, and the number of users in the four areas in the third cell are 5, 5, 5, and 4 respectively.
2、将小区1的四个区域用四种颜色进行着色，1、2、3、4表示四种颜色值，每个区域的颜色均不相同。 2. Color the four areas of community 1 with four colors, 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the four color values, and the colors of each area are different.
3、对相邻的区域进行着色。着色需遵循的原则是地图四色原理：有公共边的两个区域不能使用相同的颜色，如图3所示。可以采取深度优先搜索算法(DFS)对其进行着色，具体实施步骤如图3的流程图所示： 3. Color adjacent areas. The principle to be followed in coloring is the four-color principle of the map: two areas with common edges cannot use the same color, as shown in Figure 3. The depth-first search algorithm (DFS) can be used to color it, and the specific implementation steps are shown in the flow chart of Figure 3:
(3-1)任一选择一种颜色对当前区域着色； (3-1) Choose any color to color the current area;
(3-2)检测其相邻区域，任选一种颜色作为待用颜色，判断待用颜色与其已经着色的相邻区域的颜色是否相同，若颜色不相同，则使用当前待用颜色对当前区域进行着色，若颜色相同，则更换颜色重新判断，直至与已经着色的相邻区域的颜色不相同时，则使用当前待用颜色进行着色； (3-2) Detect its adjacent area, choose a color as the color to be used, and judge whether the color to be used is the same as the color of the adjacent area that has been colored, if the colors are not the same, use the current color to be used for the current If the color is the same, change the color and re-judge until the color of the adjacent area that has already been colored is different, then use the current color to be used for coloring;
(3-3)对该区域完成着色后，检测下一个区域，判断着色能否继续进行，即判断是否存在一种颜色与其相邻各区域的颜色均不相同，若不存在，则返回步骤(3-2)，更换上一区域的颜色重新进行着色，若着色能继续进行，则选择一种颜色作为待用颜色，判断该待用颜色与已经着色的相邻区域的颜色是否相同，若颜色不相同，则使用当前待用颜色对当前区域进行着色，若颜色相同，则更换颜色后重新判断直至颜色不相同则进行着色； (3-3) After the area is colored, detect the next area to determine whether the coloring can continue, that is, to determine whether there is a color that is different from the colors of its adjacent areas, if not, return to step ( 3-2), replace the color of the previous area and re-color. If the coloring can continue, select a color as the color to be used, and judge whether the color to be used is the same as the color of the adjacent area that has been colored. If the color If they are not the same, use the current color to be used to color the current area. If the color is the same, change the color and re-judge until the color is not the same, then color it;
(3-4)重复步骤(3-3)至所有区域完成着色。按上述步骤着色后，即可使相邻的区域颜色不相同。 (3-4) Repeat step (3-3) until all areas are colored. After coloring according to the above steps, adjacent areas can be made to have different colors.
4、所有区域完成着色后，按按小区的着色对小区进行标记，然后进行导频分配，分配的原则是着相同颜色的区域可以使用同一套导频序列，如图所示的颜色值相同的区域可以使用相同的导频序列。因为着相同颜色的区域在地理位置上是相对分离开的，所以相互之间的干扰较小，因此可以有效地降低导频污染。 4. After all areas are colored, mark the cells according to the coloring of the cells, and then carry out pilot allocation. The principle of allocation is that areas with the same color can use the same set of pilot sequences, as shown in the figure. Regions can use the same pilot sequence. Because the areas with the same color are relatively separated geographically, the mutual interference is small, so the pilot pollution can be effectively reduced.
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