CN105207651B - The coaxial pulse of high impedance high voltage output forms line - Google Patents

The coaxial pulse of high impedance high voltage output forms line Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105207651B
CN105207651B CN201510599069.5A CN201510599069A CN105207651B CN 105207651 B CN105207651 B CN 105207651B CN 201510599069 A CN201510599069 A CN 201510599069A CN 105207651 B CN105207651 B CN 105207651B
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line
cylinder
switch
output
voltage
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CN105207651A (en
Inventor
张喜波
潘亚峰
刘胜
王俊杰
王刚
王利民
孙旭
李鹏辉
范红艳
林强
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Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology
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Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology
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Abstract

The invention belongs to technical field of pulse power, it is related to a kind of coaxial pulse of high impedance high voltage output and forms line, the purpose is to overcome the shortcomings of that traditional single line energy storage output voltage is low and Blumlein line two-wires energy storage insulation difficulty is big, the advantages of reliable and output voltage that insulate is high is being realized in same pulse shaping structure simultaneously.The present invention includes forming line segment, short switch section, output switch section and load patch totally four part compositions, 4 coaxial cylinders and insulation filling medium for forming line segment constitute 3 pulse-forming lines, only outside line is used for energy storage, and the wave impedance ratio of outside line, center line and interior lines is 4:3:12, the matching impedance of load is 4 times of the outer line impedence of energy storage, and matched output voltage is equal with forming micro USB piezoelectric voltage.The present invention uses the reliable single line energy storage mode that insulate, and but realizes the amplitude voltage output of one times of charging voltage;In addition, matching output impedance is more much higher than Blumlein line, to the matching transmission efficiency high of high resistance load.

Description

The coaxial pulse of high impedance high voltage output forms line
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of pulse power, is related to a kind of coaxial pulse of high impedance high voltage output and forms line.
Background technology
In technical field of pulse power, the method for producing high voltage pulse has many kinds, wherein single coaxial line (document 1:S.D.Korovin,V.V.Rostov,S.D.Polevin,Pulsed power-driven high-power microwave Sources, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.92, No.7;July 2004) and coaxial Blumlein lines (document 2: J.C.Martin,Nanosecond pulse techniques,Proceedings of the IEEE,Vol.80,No.6; June 1992) it is most common pulse-forming line.The small form factor requirements pulse-forming line energy storage of high power pulse device is maximum Change, the optimum impedance of pulse-forming line depends primarily on the dielectric constant of energy-accumulating medium.In general, the output of Blumlein lines Impedance ratio list coaxial line is high.Single coaxial line is made up of two coaxial cylinders being nested together of inner cylinder and outer barrel, load matched output Voltage magnitude is equal to the half of single coaxial line charging voltage.Coaxial Blumlein lines are enclosed on one by inner cylinder, middle cylinder and outer barrel three The coaxial cylinders composition risen, cylinder be high potential in charging process, inner cylinder and outer barrel equipotential, i.e., middle equal between cylinder and inner/outer tube Voltage difference be present, load matched output voltage amplitude is equal to charging voltage.Traditional single coaxial line and coaxial Blumlein lines are deposited In following deficiency:The output voltage of single coaxial line is low, coaxial Blumlein lines two-wire energy storage is big in the insulating pressure of charging process.
Coaxial two-stage reentries pulse-forming line (the patent number of accepting:201510262236.7) coaxial outside line energy storage is used, and The pulsewidth for realizing general coaxial line three times using the reentry structure of coaxial two-stage pulse-forming line exports, and load matched impedance is one As three times of coaxial line wave impedance, the technical scheme can produce wider pulse output, the energy to higher resistance value load passes Defeated efficiency high.The deficiency of the structure be in:Matched output voltage is low, is the half of charging voltage, being exported for high voltage needs For asking, the charging pressure for forming line is larger.
The content of the invention
To overcome the shortcomings of that traditional single line energy storage output voltage is low and Blumlein line two-wires energy storage insulation difficulty is big, this Invention provides a kind of coaxial pulse of high impedance high voltage output and forms line, and insulation is realized simultaneously in same pulse shaping structure The advantages of reliable and output voltage is high.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical problem is formed:
High impedance high voltage output coaxial pulse formed line, including be sequentially connected short switch section 1, formed line segment 2, Output switch section 3 and load patch 4, it is characterised in that:
The short switch section includes rear end cap 17 and short switch, the short switch include short switch anode 18, Short switch negative electrode 19 and insulation filling medium, the short switch negative electrode 19 are arranged on the inside of rear end cap and short switch anode 18 relative and holding certain intervals;
The formation line segment 2 is gradually reduced including 4 diameters and the metallic cylinder of equal length, end plate 21, insulation filling Medium and multiple 16,4 metallic cylinders of bar of drawing are to be coaxially disposed and formation line outer barrel 14 nested successively, cylinder B13, cylinder respectively A12 and inner cylinder 11;Wherein, cylinder B and inner cylinder electrically connect close to the end plate 21 that one end of short switch section is set by circumference, described End plate and cylinder B junction are the arc section that circumference is set;Cylinder A and cylinder B is set close to one end of output switch by circumference Arc section electrically connects;The insulation filling Filled Dielectrics form line outer barrel 14, cylinder between adjacent metal cylinder and end Insulation filling medium between B13 and two forms outside line, during the insulation filling medium between cylinder B13, cylinder A12 and two is formed Line, the insulation filling medium between cylinder A12, inner cylinder 11 and two form interior lines, the wave impedance ratio of the outside line, center line and interior lines It is worth for 4:3:12;
Circumference is provided with and drawn bar quantity identical guide hole 20 centered on inner cylinder center on the end plate, described to draw bar Through the guide hole 20 on end plate 21, and it is coaxial with guide hole 20;
The output switch section 3 includes output switch outer barrel 9 and the output switch being arranged in output switch outer barrel, described Output switch includes output switch anode 7, output switch negative electrode 8 and the switching gas being filled in output switch being oppositely arranged Medium, output switch anode 7 and output switch negative electrode 8 keep certain clearance distance;
The load resistance and insulation filling medium that the load patch 4 includes load outer barrel 6 and is arranged in load outer barrel, absolutely Edge filled media is filled between load resistance 5 and load outer barrel 6;
The formation line outer barrel 14 electrically connects close to one end of short switch section with rear end cap, and the formation line outer barrel 14 leans on One end of nearly output switch electrically connects with one end of output switch outer barrel, the other end and the load outer barrel of the output switch outer barrel One end electrical connection;
Described one end for drawing bar electrically connects with short switch anode, and the other end for drawing bar passes through guide hole 20 and cylinder A Electrically connected close to one end of short switch;
The inner cylinder electrically connects close to one end of output switch with output switch negative electrode;
One end of the load resistance electrically connects with output switch anode, the other end and the load outer barrel of the load resistance The other end electrical connection;
In charging process, form line outer barrel 14 and be grounded, during charging battery inner cylinder 11, cylinder A12 and cylinder B13 these three Metallic cylinder fills the equal high voltage U0 of amplitude with, and the threshold value of the short switch is U0, the threshold value of the output switch for- 2U0。
The matching resistance of above-mentioned load patch 4 is to form the outside line of line segment 24 times.
It is above-mentioned multiple to draw bar circumference uniform distribution centered on inner cylinder.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect is the present invention:
1st, single line energy storage insulation is reliable:Traditional Blumlein lines can also realize that high voltage exports one times of charging voltage, But use two-wire energy storage insulation difficulty big.The 2 integrated coaxial configuration of formation line segment of the present invention, contains 4 and is enclosed on one The metallic cylinder risen, 3 pulse-forming lines are constituted, only outside line is used for energy storage, and insulation is reliable.
2nd, output voltage is high:Present invention employs reentry structure and series connection output voltage stacking method so that matching output Voltage magnitude is equal with forming micro USB piezoelectric voltage, has reached the effect of traditional coaxial Blumlein lines, is advantageous to mitigate to shape Into the pressure of micro USB electricity.Traditional energy storage single line output voltage is low --- the half of charging voltage.
3rd, output impedance is high:The present invention matches output impedance to use as a result of structure and series connection export structure is reentried It is more much higher than traditional coaxial Blumlein lines output impedance in 4 times of the wave impedance of the outside line of energy storage, higher resistance value is loaded Energy transmission efficiency it is high.
4th, realize that pulse exports using output switch and short switch combination:Line trickle charge electric process is being formed, when short circuit is opened Close when gap voltage reaches threshold value U0 and turn on, and be not turned on when output switch gap voltage reaches U0;When between output switch Gap voltage just turns on when overturning to -2U0 rapidly.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the coaxial pulse of high impedance high voltage output of the present invention forms the structure chart of line.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention forms cross-sectional view of the cable architecture in the left position of interface 15.
Fig. 3 is the artificial circuit of embodiment pulse shaping line model.
Fig. 4 is embodiment simulation waveform result.
In figure, 1 short switch section, 2 formation line segments, 3 output switch sections, 4 load patch, 5 load resistances, 6 load outer barrels, 7 Output switch anode, 8 output switch negative electrodes, 9 output switch outer barrels, 10 right interfaces, 11 inner cylinders, 12 A, 13 B, 14 form line Outer barrel, 15 left interfaces, 16 draw bar, 17 rear end caps, 18 short switch anodes, 19 short switch negative electrodes, 20 perforates, 21 end plates (the moon Shadow part), port 22-22 ', port 23-23 ', 24- centre bores.
Embodiment
The present invention will be described with reference to embodiments, embodiment reference picture 3.
The progress finite element electromagnetic field mode of formation line segment 2 of line is formed to the coaxial pulse of high impedance high voltage of the present invention output Intend emulation, its left side of interface 15 is port 22-22 ', port 22 equivalent to short switch anode base, port 22 ' equivalent to Line outer barrel left side is formed, port 22-22 ' is connected with switch element switch 1, and switch 1 is short switch, its right interface 10 sides are port 23-23 ', and port 23 is equivalent to inner cylinder right side, and port 23 ' is equivalent to formation line outer barrel right side port The resistive element R that 23-23 ' passes through the switch element switch 2 and Ω of resistance 63LConnection, switch 2 are output switch, voltage Amplitude U0DC charging power supply pass through charging resistor RchIt is connected with the port discrete point 22 of simulation model.Line segment 2 is formed to emulate Model uses transformer oil medium, and design parameter is:Line segment length 1000mm is formed, forms line outer barrel 14 internal diameter 450mm, cylinder B 13 external diameter 304mm, internal diameter 264mm, cylinder A12 external diameter 196mm, internal diameter 190mm, the external diameter 58mm of inner cylinder 11.Form micro USB electricity 600kV, cylinder B 13 outer surface field strength 100kV/cm.Discharge process, the surface electric field intensity 130kV/cm's of inner cylinder 11, cylinder A12 is outer Surface electric field intensity 78kV/cm.The matched design impedance of load is 63 Ω, output voltage 600kV, pulsewidth 10ns.
Fig. 4 gives the simulation waveform of Fig. 3 circuits, and output pulse simulation result coincide with Theoretical Design, wherein, V (22), V (23) is respectively the voltage waveform of port discrete point 22 and 23, and description respectively forms line segment 2 in left side 15 and right side 10 Discharge scenario, V (RL) are load resistance element RLVoltage waveform.
The operation principle of pulse shaping process of the present invention is further described in conjunction with embodiment, accompanying drawing:
Form 4 coaxial cylinders of line segment and insulation filling medium constitutes 3 pulse-forming lines (outside line, center line and interior Line), it is assumed that cylinder B 13 charging voltage U0, it is τ (wherein τ=l ε to form line electrical lengthr 1/2/ c, l are the axial length to form line, C be vacuum in the light velocity, εrFor the relative dielectric constant of insulation filling medium).Short switch and output switch successively close, and open When electromagnetic wave transmits on the transmission line after closing is closed, the reflection of ripple will occur when running into the interface of impedance discontinuity and transmission is gone For.It is assumed that the cross section where end plate 21 is left interface 15, it is assumed that cylinder B 13 and the cross section where the electric connecting terminals of cylinder A 12 are Right interface 10.
When output switch is not closed, ripple includes in several specific ripple transport behaviors of non-continuous face:
1) short switch closure behavior.After short switch conducting, the transmission line that short-circuit voltage ripple is passed through is equivalent to interior center line Connected again with outside line after parallel connection.When the wave impedance ratio of outside line, center line and interior lines is 4:3:When 12, caused short-circuit voltage ripple (the left position of interface 15) while transmitted to inside and outside, center line, amplitude is respectively (- 3/8) (- U0)、(3/8)(-U0) and (5/8) (- U0)。
2) when output switch is not closed, transport behavior of the line voltage ripple at right interface 10 is formed.Internal and external line voltage wave is sent out Raw open-circuit reflection, amplitude and polarity all same.Short-circuiting reflection occurs for neutral voltage ripple, and amplitude is identical and opposite polarity.
3) transport behavior of the outside line voltage wave at left interface 15.Short switch now is in the conduction state, transmitted wave row The transmission line of warp is equivalent to interior middle line parallel.The voltage wave of certain moment outside line is (assuming that voltage wave amplitude Ux) to the left interface 15 transmit When, the transflector of ripple occurs:When the wave impedance ratio of outside line, center line and interior lines is 4:3:When 12, a part of voltage magnitude is (3/ 4)UxTransmitted wave to interior lines transmit;A part of voltage magnitude is (- 3/4) UxTransmitted wave transmit to the midline;Voltage magnitude for (- 1/4)UxBack wave return outside line.
4) transport behavior of the neutral voltage ripple at left interface 15.Switch now is in the conduction state, what transmitted wave was passed through Transmission line is equivalent to inside and outside line parallel.The voltage wave of certain moment center line is (assuming that voltage wave amplitude Uy) to the left interface 15 transmit when, The matching transmission of ripple occurs, center line areflexia ripple returns, and the voltage wave amplitude transmitted to internal and external line is (- 1) Uy
5) transport behavior of the line voltage ripple at left interface 15.Switch now is in the conduction state, what transmitted wave was passed through Transmission line is equivalent to China and foreign countries' line parallel.When the wave impedance ratio of outside line, center line and interior lines is 4:3:When 12, certain at moment interior lines electricity Ripple is pressed (assuming that voltage wave amplitude Uz) when interface 15 is transmitted to the left, the transflector of ripple occurs:A part of voltage magnitude is (1/4) Uz Transmitted wave to outside line transmit;A part of voltage magnitude is (- 1/4) UzTransmitted wave transmit to the midline;Voltage magnitude is (- 3/ 4)UzBack wave return interior lines.
According to t=0 moment short switch close after ripple transimiison analysis, obtain t=3 τ moment output switchs gap voltage- 2U0, now output switch generation over-voltage breakdown.Before and after output switch breakdown, biography of the line neutral voltage ripple at right interface 10 is formed Defeated behavior is constant, and transport behavior of the internal and external line at right interface 10 changes.After output switch closure, ripple is in non-continuous face Several specific ripple transport behaviors include:
6) output switch closure behavior.T=3 τ moment output switch closes, and caused amplitude is-U0Transmissive voltage ripple It is transferred on matched load;When the wave impedance ratio of outside line, center line and interior lines is 4:3:When 12, caused switched mirror ripple is (right The position of interface 10) to be transmitted to internal and external line, amplitude is respectively (3/4) U0(1/4) U0
7) the t=3 τ moment, (output switch now is on shape to transport behavior of the outside line voltage wave at right interface 10 State).The voltage wave of certain moment outside line is (assuming that voltage wave amplitude Up) when interface 10 is transmitted to the right, the transflector of ripple occurs:When outer Line, center line and the wave impedance of interior lines ratio are 4:3:When 12, a part of voltage magnitude is UpTransmission wave direction Load transportation;One Component voltage amplitude is (- 3/4) UpTransmitted wave to interior lines transmit;Voltage magnitude is (3/4) UpBack wave return outside line.
8) transport behavior of the line voltage ripple at right interface 10 (output switch now is in the conduction state).In certain moment The voltage wave of line is (assuming that voltage wave amplitude Uq) when interface 10 is transmitted to the right, the transflector of ripple occurs:A part of voltage magnitude is Uq Transmission wave direction Load transportation;When the wave impedance ratio of outside line, center line and interior lines is 4:3:When 12, a part of voltage magnitude for (- 1/4)UqTransmitted wave to interior lines transmit;Voltage magnitude is (1/4) UqBack wave return outside line.
The ripple transimiison analysis at each interface, total wave process of pulse shaping can be described as more than:
Form line outer barrel 14 to be grounded, inner cylinder 11, cylinder A12 and cylinder B 13 these three metallic cylinders are filled with during charging battery The equal high voltage of amplitude, energy storage is in outside line;In discharge process, short switch first turns on, when output switch gap electricity Pressure turns on when reaching 2 times of charging voltage, and pulse output occurs in now load.The matching impedance of load is the outer line impedence of energy storage 4 times, the output voltage amplitude of matched load is equal with forming micro USB piezoelectric voltage, and output pulse width is to form line electrical length 2 times.
1)t<0 moment, outside line initial voltage difference U0, center line, interior lines and load initial voltage difference are 0.
2) t=0 moment, short switch conducting, outside line occur from the step voltage ripple at left interface 15, amplitude (5/8) (- U0) so that outer line voltage is changed into (3/8) U0;There is the step voltage ripple from left interface 15, amplitude (3/8) (- U in center line0), make Obtain neutral voltage and be changed into (- 3/8) U0;There is the step voltage ripple from left interface 15, amplitude (- 3/8) (- U in interior lines0) so that it is interior Line voltage is changed into (3/8) U0
3) there is the step voltage ripple from right interface 10, amplitude (5/8) (- U in t=τ moment, outside line0) so that outside line electricity Buckling is (- 1/4) U0;There is the step voltage ripple from right interface 10, amplitude (- 3/8) (- U in center line0) so that neutral voltage becomes For 0;There is the step voltage ripple from right interface 10, amplitude (- 3/8) (- U in interior lines0) so that line voltage is changed into (3/4) U0
4) there is the step voltage ripple from left interface 15, amplitude (1/8) (- U in t=2 τ moment, outside line0) so that outside line Voltage is changed into (- 3/8) U0;There is the step voltage ripple from left interface 15, amplitude (- 3/8) (- U in center line0) so that neutral voltage It is changed into (3/8) U0;There is the step voltage ripple from left interface 15, amplitude (9/8) (- U in interior lines0) so that line voltage be changed into (- 3/8)U0
5) there is step voltage ripple, amplitude-U in t=3 τ moment, output switch conducting, matched load0;Outside line occurs from the right side The step voltage ripple at interface 10, amplitude (- 1/8) (- U0) so that outer line voltage is changed into (- 1/4) U0;Center line occurs from right interface 10 step voltage ripple, amplitude (3/8) (- U0) so that neutral voltage is changed into 0;There is the step from right interface 10 in interior lines Voltage wave, amplitude (3/8) (- U0) so that line voltage is changed into (- 3/4) U0
6) there is the step voltage ripple from left interface 15, amplitude (- 1/4) (- U in t=4 τ moment, outside line0) so that outside line Voltage is changed into 0;Center line occurs without the step voltage ripple from left interface 15, and voltage holding 0 is constant;Interior lines occur from left interface 15 The step voltage ripple come, amplitude (- 3/4) (- U0) so that line voltage is changed into 0.
7) there is step voltage ripple, amplitude U in t=5 τ moment, matched load0So that load voltage is changed into 0;Outside interior, neutralization Line occurs without the step voltage ripple from right interface 10, and voltage keeps 0 constant.
According to the analysis of pulse shaping wave process, matched load output voltage amplitude, which is equal to, forms micro USB piezoelectric voltage, polarity On the contrary, output pulse width is 2 τ;Discharge process center line bears Bi-Directional Pulsed Voltage Technique, and amplitude is 3U0/ 8, opposed polarity continues Time is 2 τ;Bi-Directional Pulsed Voltage Technique is born in interior lines, and amplitude is 3U0/ 4, the duration of opposed polarity is 2 τ.

Claims (3)

1. high impedance high voltage output coaxial pulse formed line, including be sequentially connected short switch section (1), formed line segment (2), output switch section (3) and load patch (4), it is characterised in that:
The short switch section includes rear end cap (17) and short switch, the short switch include short switch anode (18), Short switch negative electrode (19) and insulation filling medium, the short switch negative electrode (19) is arranged on the inside of rear end cap and short switch Anode (18) is relative and keeps certain interval;
The formation line segment (2) is gradually reduced including 4 diameters and the metallic cylinder of equal length, end plate (21), insulation filling Medium and it is multiple draw bar (16), 4 metallic cylinders are to be coaxially disposed and formation line outer barrel (14) nested successively, cylinder B respectively (13), cylinder A (12) and inner cylinder (11);Wherein, the end plate that cylinder B and inner cylinder are set close to one end of short switch section by circumference (21) electrically connect, the end plate and cylinder B junction are the arc section that circumference is set;Cylinder A and cylinder B is close to one end of output switch The arc section set by circumference electrically connects;The insulation filling Filled Dielectrics are between adjacent metal cylinder and end, shape Into between line outer barrel (14), cylinder B (13) and two insulation filling medium formed outside line, cylinder B (13), cylinder A (12) and two it Between insulation filling medium form center line, insulation filling medium between cylinder A (12), inner cylinder (11) and two forms interior lines, institute The wave impedance ratio for stating outside line, center line and interior lines is 4:3:12;
Circumference is provided with and drawn bar quantity identical guide hole (20) centered on inner cylinder center on the end plate, and the bar that draws is worn The guide hole (20) crossed on end plate (21), and it is coaxial with guide hole (20);
The output switch section (3) includes output switch outer barrel (9) and the output switch being arranged in output switch outer barrel, described Output switch includes output switch anode (7), output switch negative electrode (8) and the switch being filled in output switch being oppositely arranged Gas medium, output switch anode (7) and output switch negative electrode (8) keep certain clearance distance;
The load resistance and insulation filling medium that the load patch (4) includes load outer barrel (6) and is arranged in load outer barrel, absolutely Edge filled media is filled between load resistance (5) and load outer barrel (6);
The line outer barrel (14) that formed is electrically connected close to one end of short switch section with rear end cap, and the formation line outer barrel (14) is leaned on One end of nearly output switch electrically connects with one end of output switch outer barrel, the other end and the load outer barrel of the output switch outer barrel One end electrical connection;
Described one end for drawing bar electrically connects with short switch anode, and the other end for drawing bar leans on through guide hole (20) with cylinder A One end electrical connection of nearly short switch;
The inner cylinder electrically connects close to one end of output switch with output switch negative electrode;
One end of the load resistance electrically connects with output switch anode, and the other end of the load resistance is with loading the another of outer barrel One end electrically connects;
In charging process, formed line outer barrel (14) ground connection, during charging battery inner cylinder (11), cylinder A (12) and cylinder B (13) this Three metallic cylinders fill the equal high voltage U0 of amplitude with, and the threshold value of the short switch is U0, the threshold value of the output switch For -2U0.
2. the coaxial pulse of high impedance high voltage output according to claim 1 forms line, it is characterised in that:
The matching resistance of described load patch (4) is form line segment (2) outside line 4 times.
3. the coaxial pulse of the high impedance high voltage output according to any claim of claim 1 to 2 forms line, its It is characterised by:It is the multiple to draw bar circumference uniform distribution centered on inner cylinder.
CN201510599069.5A 2015-09-18 2015-09-18 The coaxial pulse of high impedance high voltage output forms line Expired - Fee Related CN105207651B (en)

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CN106712744B (en) * 2016-12-14 2020-01-24 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 Semicircular coaxial high-power pulse forming line
CN110190834B (en) * 2019-06-11 2024-05-03 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 Single-stage and multi-stage pulse forming wire based on glass fiber board and induction superposition device thereof

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CN102780473A (en) * 2012-07-31 2012-11-14 西北核技术研究所 Repetition rate pulse string generator based on Tesla transformers
CN104158430A (en) * 2014-08-19 2014-11-19 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 Ultra-compact high-voltage nanosecond pulse source

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CN104158430A (en) * 2014-08-19 2014-11-19 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 Ultra-compact high-voltage nanosecond pulse source

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