A kind of electrolyte containing phosphonitrile oroalkane sulfonyl imine lithium and use the battery of this electrolyte
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium secondary battery field, more specifically, the present invention relates to the lithium secondary battery that a kind of electrolyte containing phosphonitrile oroalkane sulfonyl imine lithium uses this electrolyte.
Background technology
Containing oroalkane sulfonyl imines and alkali metal salt thereof, particularly lithium salts, it is important fluoride ion compound, in the clean energy resource devices such as lithium ion battery, ultracapacitor and the aluminium electrolytic capacitor fields such as high-performance nonaqueous electrolyte material and efficient catalyst, all there is important commercial application and be worth.
At present, focus mostly in the fluorine-containing sulfimide of unitary (Coord.Chem.Revs., 1997,158,413.) about the research containing oroalkane sulfonyl imines, namely contain a sulfimide (-SO in anion structure
2nSO
2-) unit, as two (oroalkane sulfonyl) imines (H [(R
fsO
2)
2n], R
f=C
mf
2m+1, m=1-8) and alkali metal salt (M [(R
fsO
2)
2n], M=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs), wherein that representative is two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imine lithium (Li [(CF
3sO
2)
2n], be called for short LiTFSI).Due to CF in molecule
3strong electron attraction, and sulfimide moiety (-SO
2-N-SO
2-) conjugation delocalization, make [(CF
3sO
2)
2n]
-(TFSI
-) negative electrical charge high degree of dispersion in anion, and become the organic anion of weak coordination, so make HTFSI have extremely strong acidity and oxidation-reduction resistance energy, its alkali metal salt, ionic liquid have good chemistry and electrochemical stability.
On the other hand, nonaqueous electrolytic solution is one of critical material of the energy storage devices such as high specific energy lithium ion battery, its combination property, and as chemistry and electrochemical stability, fail safe etc., directly affect the use of lithium ion battery.At present, business-like lithium-ion battery electrolytes primarily of organic carbonate as dimethyl carbonate (CH
3oCOOCH
3, DMC), diethyl carbonate (C
2h
5oCOOC
2h
5, DEC), vinyl carbonate (EC) etc., and electrolyte conducting salt (mainly LiPF
6) composition.In this system, the inflammable and effumability of organic carbonate is major security risk (as burning, blast, leaks) (J.Electrochem.Soc., 2001,148,1100 of current lithium ion battery; Chem.Rev., 2004,104,4303).Meanwhile, traditional electrolyte matter conducting salt LiPF
6due to its chemical instability (comprising thermally labile and easily hydrolysis), make to use LiPF
6(secondary) lithium ion battery when working under high temperature (>55 DEG C), cycle performance and useful life greatly reduce (Electrochem.Communs, 2005,7,669).And in other common lithium salts, as lithium perchlorate (LiClO
4), LiBF4 (LiBF
4), trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium (Li [CF
3sO
3]), two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imine lithium (LiTFSI), di-oxalate lithium borate (LiBOB) etc., owing to there is the performance deficiency of different aspect respectively, as LiClO
4there is potential explosivity, LiBF
4conductivity is too low, Li [SO
3cF
3] and LiTFSI positive current collector material aluminium foil is corrosive, LiBOB solubility in carbonic ester is low, makes these lithium salts fail to obtain in lithium ion battery to widely use.Therefore, research and development chemical stability (as thermal stability, water stability etc.) are high, and chemical property is (as high conductivity, wide electrochemical window, does not have corrosivity etc. to aluminium foil) excellent novel conductive lithium salts electrolyte replaces traditional lithium salts LiPF
6it is the important research direction of exploitation large-sized power battery and large-scale energy storage electronic device.
Up to the present, about the research of group with imine moiety is containing a sulfimide (-SO containing focusing mostly on
2nSO
2-) in the chemical constitution of unit, there is not been reported for the oroalkane sulfonyl imines containing phosphazenium groups and related compound thereof.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problem existing for background technology, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electrolyte of phosphonitrile oroalkane sulfonyl imine lithium, this electrolyte has superior oxidation resistent susceptibility and security performance, makes lithium secondary battery have superior circulation, high-temperature storage and security performance under high voltage condition.
In order to realize technique scheme, the invention provides a kind of electrolyte containing phosphonitrile oroalkane sulfonyl imine lithium, comprise electric conducting lithium salt, non-aqueous organic solvent and additive, electric conducting lithium salt comprises phosphonitrile oroalkane sulfonyl imine lithium, and phosphonitrile oroalkane sulfonyl imine lithium general structure is:
wherein, M+ is Li, R1-5=-OR7 or-M [NSO2-R6]; R6 to be carbon number be 1-8 containing fluoroalkyl, the alkanes group of R7 to be carbon number be 1-10.
Described R1-5 is identical or different structure.
Described R
6for F, CF
3, CF
3cH
2, CF
2hCH
2, CF
3cF
2, CF
2hCF
2cH
2, CF
3cFHCF
2, CF
3cF
2cH
2, CF
3cF
2cF
2, HCF
2cF
2cF
2cH
2, CF
2hCF
2cF
2cF
2, (CH
2f)
2cH, (CF
3)
3c, CF
3cF
2cF
2cF
2, CF
3(CF
2cF
2)
2cF
2, HCF
2cF
2oCH
2cH
2cH
2, CF
3(CF
2cF
2)
3cF
2any one.
R
7for CH
3, CH
3cH
2, CH
3cH
2cH
2, (CH
3)
2cH, CH
3cH
2cH
2cH
2, CF
3, CF
3cH
2, CF
2hCH
2, CF
3cF
2, CF
2hCF
2cH
2, CF
3cFHCF
2, CF
3cF
2cH
2, CF
3cF
2cF
2, HCF
2cF
2cF
2cH
2, CF
2hCF
2cF
2cF
2, (CH
2f)
2cH, (CF
3)
3c, CF
3cF
2cF
2cF
2, CF
3(CF
2cF
2)
2cF
2, HCF
2cF
2oCH
2cH
2cH
2, CF
3(CF
2cF
2)
3cF
2any one.
Described electric conducting lithium salt also comprises LiBF
4, LiPF
6, LiPF
2o
2, LiAsF
6, LiClO
4, LiSO
3cF
3, LiB (C
2o
4)
2, LiBF
2c
2o
4, LiN (SO
2cF
3)
2, LiN (SO
2f)
2one or more.
Non-aqueous organic solvent is one or more in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate.
Described additive is vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, difluorinated ethylene carbonate, PS, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-butyl sultone, sulfuric acid vinyl ester, sulfuric acid propylene, one or more in ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite.
A kind of lithium secondary battery: comprise positive plate, negative plate, barrier film and the electrolyte containing phosphonitrile oroalkane sulfonyl imine lithium of the present invention and become; Positive plate and negative plate comprise active material, conductive agent, collector, the bonding agent that described active material and conductive agent is combined with described collector.
Positive pole comprises reversibly can embed/the positive electrode active materials of deintercalate lithium ions, and positive electrode active materials is preferably the composite metal oxide of lithium, and metal oxide comprises the oxide of nickel, cobalt, manganese element and any ratio combination thereof; Positive electrode active materials also comprise in chemical element further one or several, described chemical element includes Mg, Al, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B, Zr, Cr, Fe, Sr and rare earth element.Positive electrode active materials also comprises polyanion lithium compound LiM further
x(PO
4)
y(M is Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Ti, V, 0≤x≤5,0≤y≤5).
Negative pole comprises the negative active core-shell material that can accept or discharge lithium ion, and described negative active core-shell material comprises lithium metal, lithium alloy, crystalline carbon, agraphitic carbon, carbon fiber, hard carbon, soft carbon; Wherein crystalline carbon comprises native graphite, graphitized coke, graphitization MCMB, graphitized intermediate-phase asphalt-based carbon fiber; Described lithium alloy comprises the alloy of lithium and aluminium, zinc, silicon, tin, gallium, antimony metal.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
(1) phosphonitrile oroalkane sulfonyl imine lithium provided by the invention has good thermal stability and hydrolytic resistance, possess high conductivity and oxidizing potential, and the electrode material of extensive use has good compatibility in conventional carbonate solution.
(2) with two (oroalkane sulfonyl) imines ([(R of bibliographical information
fsO
2)
2n]
-) anion compares, imines anion one end in formula (I) connects phosphazenium groups, phosphazenium groups has conjugated structure, after replacing the fluorine atom of phosphonitrile ring further by strong electron-withdrawing group group fluoro-alkyl, more effectively can reduce the cloud density of imines anion, promote the ionizing power of imines anion, thus the conductivity of raising imine lithium electrolyte, dissociation constant and transport number.Phosphazenium groups has significant flame-retarding characteristic in addition, is widely used at polymeric material field, in imine lithium structure, introduce phosphazenium groups, and make lithium-ion battery electrolytes have good security performance, this technology is most important in electrokinetic cell system.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is illustrated below by exemplary embodiment.Should be appreciated that scope of the present invention should not be limited to the scope of embodiment.Any do not depart from purport of the present invention change or change and can be understood by those skilled in the art.Protection scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of claims.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation of electrolyte
(H in the glove box of argon atmosphere
2o<1ppm), be that EC (ethylene carbonate): DMC (dimethyl carbonate): EMC (methyl ethyl carbonate)=40: 40: 20 mixes with (five fluorine phosphonitriles) (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imine lithium (1.0M) in mass ratio by organic solvent, add the VC (vinylene carbonate) of total weight 1%, the PS (propane sultone) of 2%, the FEC (fluorinated ethylene carbonate) of 3%, the SN (succinonitrile) of 3%.Above-mentioned each raw material is added successively, stirs, namely obtain lithium secondary cell electrolyte of the present invention (free acid <15ppm, moisture <10ppm).
(2) preparation of anode pole piece
By mass percent be 3% Kynoar (PVDF) be dissolved in 1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone solution, by the LiCoO of mass percent 94%
2add above-mentioned solution with the conductive agent carbon black of 3% and mix, after the slurry of mixed system being coated on the two sides of aluminium foil, after oven dry, roll extrusion, obtaining anode pole piece.Other positive electrode LiMn
2o
4, LiFePO
4, LiNi
0.5co
0.3mn
0.2, LiNi
0.3co
0.3mn
0.3prepare in the same way.
(3) preparation of cathode pole piece
It is the SBR binding agent of 4% by mass percent, mass percent is in the water-soluble solution of CMC thickener of 1%, is that the graphite of 95% adds above-mentioned solution, mixes mass percent, after the slurry of mixed system being coated on the two sides of Copper Foil, after oven dry, roll extrusion, obtain cathode pole piece.Other negative material Li
4ti
5o
12prepare by similar method.
(4) making of lithium ion battery
The anode pole piece of above-mentioned preparation, cathode pole piece and barrier film are made square electric cell with winding method, adopts polymer packaging, pour into the electrolyte of above-mentioned preparation, after the technique such as changing into, make the lithium ion battery that capacity is 1600mAh.
(5) battery performance test
Loop test condition: charge and discharge cycles test is carried out to battery with the multiplying power of 1/1C discharge and recharge, graphite/LiCoO
2electrode system: 3.0 ~ 4.35V; Graphite/LiFePO
4electrode system: 2.75 ~ 3.9V; Li
4ti
5o
12/ LiCoO
2electrode system: 1.0 ~ 2.6V; Li
4ti
5o
12/ LiFePO
4electrode system: 1.0 ~ 2.0V; Graphite/LiNi
0.5co
0.3mn
0.2electrode system: 3.0 ~ 4.35V; Graphite/LiMn
2o
4electrode system: 3.1 ~ 4.3V; Li
4ti
5o
12/ LiNi
0.5co
0.3mn
0.2electrode system: 1.0 ~ 2.6V.
High-temperature storage test condition: first will change into complete battery under normal temperature state with 1C discharge and recharge once, then carry out High temperature storage after battery being full of electricity with 1C, after battery cools completely, the battery of taking-up is carried out discharge test with 1C.
Embodiment 2 ~ 16 is except following table parameter, and other parameters and preparation method are with embodiment 1.
Table 1 embodiment 2 ~ 16 and comparative example 1-10
A kind of method preparing phosphonitrile oroalkane sulfonyl imine alkali metal salt disclosed by the invention, easy and simple to handle, products collection efficiency and purity are all very high, are suitable for suitability for industrialized production.Prepared carbonic ester electrolyte all possesses quite high purity, meets the application requirement in field of electronic devices.
As can be seen from the result of embodiment 2 ~ 14 and comparative example 1 ~ 10, when solvent is identical with additive component, use the battery of phosphonitrile oroalkane sulfonyl imine lithium than using LiPF
6cycle performance of battery and storge quality to get well.From embodiment 1,9, the result of embodiment 15,16 and comparative example 1,5 can be found out, phosphonitrile oroalkane sulfonyl imine lithium and LiPF
6compound uses as electric conducting lithium salt, and the cycle performance of respective battery and storge quality are also than being used alone LiPF
6battery more superior.As can be seen from the result of embodiment 12 ~ 14 and comparative example 8 ~ 10, when in electrolyte prescription, additive is less, the chemistry of lithium salts and the impact of electrochemical stability on battery performance more obvious.The difference of the battery performance that embodiment 2 ~ 14 and comparative example 1 ~ 10 embody, main cause is that phosphonitrile oroalkane sulfonyl imine lithium compares LiPF
6there is more stable chemical property, in cell operations, especially at high temperature can keep the stability of self chemistry, can not PF be produced
5deng lewis acid impurity, and affect the useful life of battery.