CN105204008B - A kind of adaptive antenna Wave beam forming null method for widening extended based on covariance matrix - Google Patents

A kind of adaptive antenna Wave beam forming null method for widening extended based on covariance matrix Download PDF

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CN105204008B
CN105204008B CN201510664781.9A CN201510664781A CN105204008B CN 105204008 B CN105204008 B CN 105204008B CN 201510664781 A CN201510664781 A CN 201510664781A CN 105204008 B CN105204008 B CN 105204008B
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array
matrix
null
vector
antenna
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CN105204008A (en
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李文兴
赵宇
李思
毛云龙
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Harbin Engineering University
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/36—Means for anti-jamming, e.g. ECCM, i.e. electronic counter-counter measures

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of adaptive antenna Wave beam forming null method for widening extended based on covariance matrix.Pre-estimation is carried out to the interference signal orientation for reaching array antenna；So as to obtain covariance extended matrix, and sample covariance matrix is substituted with it；Null broadening region is determined, the steering vector correlation matrix in broadening region is built；By the corresponding characteristic vector of big characteristic value, in the general direction formation linear restriction of interference；Linear constraint minimal variance is solved, optimal weighting vector is obtained；Antenna array receiver data are weighted using optimal weighting vector, aerial array output data is obtained.The present invention can obtain wider deeper null in the case where array number is certain by constructing Virtual array, reach that the purpose of the interference disturbed occurs in suppression position, enhance the antijamming capability of adaptive antenna Beam-former.

Description

A kind of adaptive antenna Wave beam forming null broadening extended based on covariance matrix Method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the control field of adaptive array antenna, more particularly to it is a kind of based on covariance matrix extend from Adapt to antenna beam formation null method for widening.
Background technology
Adaptive antenna beam forming technique is weighted by the reception data to array antenna, and adaptive is expecting Sense forms constant gain, in jamming bearing formation null, is widely used in radar, and sonar, mobile communication etc. is led Domain.When interference is quick moves the either vibration of carrier platform or relatively slow adaptive weight value updating speed, weight vector instruction Practice data and the possible mismatch of application data, interference is possible to effectively to suppress, and this can cause adaptive beamforming device Performance be decreased obviously.
Cause the problem of weight vector training data is with application data mismatch for the quick motion of interference, null broadening technology is led to Cross and be formed about wider null in interference, effectively suppress the interference signal quickly moved.Mailloux, which is proposed, utilizes one Individual matrix is sharpened the method (bibliography for carrying out null-broadening to covariance matrix:Covariance matrix augmentation to produce adaptive array pattern roughs[J].Electronics Letters, 1995,31(10):771-772), this method causes null depth shallower, and array gain declines.Alon Amar, which are proposed, to be based on Null method for widening (the bibliography of linear restriction (LCSS)：A linearly constrained minimum variance beamformer with a pre-specified suppression level over a pre-defined broad null sector[J],Signal Processing,2015,109(1):165-171), it can add while null-broadening Deep null, its array gain is higher than the method that Mailloux is proposed, but this method needs to consume more array freedom.
In practical application, due to factors such as size, costs, the array number of array antenna is generally extremely limited, now, Alon The LCSS null method for widening that Amar is proposed, the null width and depth that can be reached can be all restricted because of array number, and It is unable to reach ideal situation.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of resulting in higher output Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio, based on covariance matrix extension Adaptive antenna Wave beam forming null method for widening.
A kind of adaptive antenna Wave beam forming null method for widening extended based on covariance matrix, is comprised the following steps,
Step one：Pre-estimation is carried out to the interference signal orientation for reaching array antenna；
Step 2：Build extension covariance matrix
Step 3：Being directed to vector respective extension is
Step 4：Null broadening region Θ is determined, the steering vector correlation matrix C in broadening region is builtΘ, sweared to being oriented to Measure correlation matrix and carry out feature decomposition, N after expansion2Taken out in individual characteristic valueThe corresponding characteristic vector of individual big characteristic value
Step 5：ByConstitute linear restrictionIts binding occurrence
Step 6：Linear constraint minimal variance is solved, optimal weighting vector is obtained
Step 7：Antenna array receiver data are weighted using optimal weighting vector W, aerial array output number is obtained According to.
Beneficial effect：
The present invention is directed to adaptive antenna when there is interference position disturbance, the problem of output performance declines.Present invention side Method, is extended by covariance matrix, adds the free degree of adaptive antenna, can form more linear restrictions, and then obtain Obtain wider and deeper null.
The present invention constructs Virtual array, equivalent to the array number for adding antenna array, there is extra processing gain, from And obtain higher output Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 realizes step schematic diagram for the present invention's；
Fig. 2 is the adaptive beam figure after null broadening；
Fig. 3 is output Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio curve when fast umber of beats changes；
When Fig. 4 is the change of array input signal-to-noise ratio, corresponding array exports Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio curve.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method, the null broadening performance of adaptive antenna Wave beam forming is improved, from And improve adaptive array antenna performance.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：
The present invention comprises the following steps：
(1) general orientation of the interference to reaching array antenna carries out pre-estimation；
(2) extension covariance matrix is built,And sample covariance matrix R is substituted as new association side with it Poor matrix.
(3) being directed to vector respective extension is
(4) determine null broadening region Θ and build the steering vector correlation matrix in broadening region, to steering vector phase Close matrix and carry out feature decomposition, N after expansion2Taken out in individual characteristic valueThe corresponding characteristic vector of individual larger characteristic value
(5) again byLinear restriction is constituted, its binding occurrence is corresponded to
(6) solving the optimal weight vector of linearly constrained minimum variance beamformer has
(7) antenna array receiver data are weighted, obtain aerial array by beam forming using optimal weighting vector W Output data.
Wherein：
(·)*：Represent conjugation；
Θ：Represent wave beam null broadening region；
R：Represent the second order covariance matrix of array antenna received data；
Representing matrix enlargement oprator, that is, the covariance matrix after extending；
I：Represent unit matrix.
Represent Kronecker product；
a(θ)：Represent the steering vector of actual array；
b(θ)：The corresponding virtual array steering vector of representing matrix enlargement oprator；
N：Represent array antenna array element number；
Represent null broadening region, the characteristic vector of steering vector correlation matrix.
b(θd)：Represent the corresponding virtual array steering vector of desired signal.
In step 2, covariance matrix is extendedPass through a unit matrix I and the conjugation R of sample covariance matrix*Do gram Kronecker product is obtained.
In step 2, covariance matrix is extendedBetter performance can be obtained by 10dB diagonal loading.
The present invention is not only applicable to single user adaptive antenna beam forming, is also applied for Multi User Adaptive antenna beam Shaping.
The present invention relates to a kind of control method of adaptive antenna, specifically for adaptive antenna wave beam into Shape device is when interference position is disturbed, the problem of hydraulic performance decline, it is proposed that it is a kind of based on covariance matrix extend it is adaptive Antenna beam formation null method for widening, this method can be obtained by constructing Virtual array in the case where array number is certain Deeper broader null, improves the interference free performance of adaptive antenna.
The present invention comprises the following steps：Kronecker product is done with unit matrix and sample covariance matrix first, so that Sample covariance matrix is substituted to covariance extended matrix, and with it, then using feature decomposition technology, passes through big characteristic value correspondence Characteristic vector, interference general direction formation linear restriction, null-broadening, reach suppression position there is the interference disturbed Purpose.The present invention can obtain wider deeper null in the case where array number is certain, reach suppression by constructing Virtual array There is the purpose of the interference disturbed in position processed, enhances the antijamming capability of adaptive antenna Beam-former.
Reference picture 1, specific implementation step of the invention is as follows:
Embodiment：
Step 1：The general orientation of interference to reaching array antenna carries out pre-estimation；
Step 2：Extension covariance matrix is built,
Step 3：Vector is directed to accordingly to replace with
Step 4：Determine null broadening region Θ and build the steering vector correlation matrix C in broadening regionΘ, to its carry out Feature decomposition, is obtained
WhereinCharacteristic value diagonal matrix is represented,Represent and characteristic value diagonal matrixCorresponding eigenvectors matrix.
Step 5：N after expansion2Taken out in individual characteristic valueThe corresponding characteristic vector of individual larger characteristic valueFormed Linear restriction, has
Step 6：According to linearly constrained minimum variance, the optimal weight vector for meeting formula (3) (4) composition is solved, is had
Step 7：Antenna array receiver data are weighted, obtain antenna array by beam forming using optimal weighting vector W Row output data.
The method of the present invention is verified using following emulation：
Simulated conditions：Assuming that 1 desired signal incidence angle is 0 °, signal to noise ratio snr=0dB, 3 independent interference incidence angles point Wei not be -50 °, 20 ° and 60 °, it is dry to make an uproar than INR=30dB, it is also separate between desired signal and interference, it is selective with -50 ° and Null-broadening centered on 60 °, adaptive antenna is 10 array element uniform straight line arrays, and fast umber of beats is 200, by method proposed by the present invention The LCSS null method for widening (bibliography proposed with Alon Amar：A linearly constrained minimum variance beamformer with a pre-specified suppression level over a pre-defined broad null sector[J],Signal Processing,2015,109(1):165-171) contrasted.
In Fig. 2, method null width proposed by the present invention is 20 °, and the LCSS method null width that Alon Amar are proposed is 10 °, compare two method directional diagrams.Fig. 3 is output Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio curve when fast umber of beats changes.Fig. 4 changes for input signal-to-noise ratio When output Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio curve.It can be seen that, on the premise of main lobe width is close, LCSS methods are 10 ° in null width When, null depth about -70dB, and method proposed by the present invention null width be 20 ° when, null depth about -140dB, no matter It is that null width or null depth improve one times.This prove set forth herein method compared with LCSS methods, can obtain Obtain wider deeper null.From Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, either change fast umber of beats and still change input signal-to-noise ratio, the present invention is carried The output Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio of method is consistently higher than LCSS methods.It follows that the present invention is compared with LCSS methods, due to constructing void Matroid member, equivalent to the array number for adding antenna array, can build more constraintss, obtain deeper broader null, Higher output Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio can be obtained again.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of adaptive antenna Wave beam forming null method for widening extended based on covariance matrix, it is characterised in that：Including Following steps,
Step one：Pre-estimation is carried out to the interference signal orientation for reaching array antenna；
Step 2：Build extension covariance matrix Representing matrix enlargement oprator, that is, the covariance square after extending Battle array；I represents unit matrix；R represents the second order covariance matrix of array antenna received data
Step 3：Being directed to vector respective extension isB (θ) representing matrix enlargement oprator is corresponding virtual Array steering vector；A (θ) represents the steering vector of actual array；b(θd) represent that the corresponding virtual array of desired signal is oriented to arrow Amount；Step 4：Null broadening region Θ is determined, the steering vector correlation matrix C in broadening region is builtΘ, to steering vector phase Close matrix and carry out feature decomposition, N after expansion2The r big corresponding characteristic vectors of characteristic value are taken out in individual characteristic value
Step 5：ByConstitute linear restrictionIts binding occurrence
Step 6：Linear constraint minimal variance is solved, optimal weighting vector is obtained
Step 7：Utilize optimal weighting vectorAntenna array receiver data are weighted, aerial array output number is obtained According to.
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CN106707250B (en) * 2017-01-24 2019-05-21 西安电子科技大学 Radar array Adaptive beamformer method based on mutual coupling calibration
CN107894597B (en) * 2017-10-27 2021-01-01 西安电子科技大学 Self-adaptive zeroing method based on linear virtual array element
CN107979404B (en) * 2017-10-27 2020-08-11 西安电子科技大学 Adaptive beam forming method based on virtual array null broadening
CN109143190B (en) * 2018-07-11 2021-09-17 北京理工大学 Broadband steady self-adaptive beam forming method for null broadening
CN109239681B (en) * 2018-10-24 2020-09-18 西安空间无线电技术研究所 Robust filtering method for motion interference
CN109557513A (en) * 2018-12-17 2019-04-02 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 Method and system for suppressing non-stationary interference in dynamic environment
CN109814134A (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-05-28 哈尔滨工程大学 It is a kind of based on the virtual antenna array extended method for prolonging pushing manipulation
CN111241470B (en) * 2020-01-19 2023-08-18 河北科技大学 Beam synthesis method and device based on self-adaptive null widening algorithm

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