CN105201492A - Method for comprehensively recognizing sedimentation hiatal surfaces in ultra-thick seam - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively recognizing sedimentation hiatal surfaces in ultra-thick seam Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for comprehensively recognizing sedimentation hiatal surfaces in an ultra-thick seam. The sedimentation hiatal surfaces in the ultra-thick seam are comprehensively recognized according to five parameters acquired through coal petrography and coal quality analysis, microelement analysis, organic matter stable carbon isotope analysis, one-dimensional continuous wavelet transformation of log data and Milankovitch cycle analysis of the log data; growth control factors of the sedimentation hiatal surfaces are explained from the origin essentially through recognition of Milankovitch cycles in the ultra-thick seam, the root cause of growth of the sedimentation hiatal surfaces is found out, and the accuracy and the credibility of the sedimentation hiatal surfaces are greatly improved. Besides, weight scoring is performed according to sensitivity of different recognition methods, the recognized sedimentation hiatal surfaces are correspondingly assigned, the scores obtained with all the methods are added up, and the reliability of the sedimentation hiatal surfaces is described quantitatively. The recognition method is convenient and flexible and has better practicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that the aspects such as a kind of a set of lithotype and coal quality feature, trace element analysis, log data processing comprehensively identify thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface, be especially suitable for the identification that thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface is piled up in original place.
Background technology
In coal seam thickness classification, the coal seam that thickness in monolayer is greater than 8m is called " thick sandstone " (poplar rises, Han Dexin, 1979).The coal seam that much thickness is huge has been found, such as single coal seam thickness 244.7m of Chinese Er'lian Basin Shengli Coalfield, the single coal seam thickness 200m in Cole goldfield, the Soviet Union neat good guest coalfield etc. in world wide.As everyone knows, be the process of continuous compacting and raw hydrocarbon in the evolutionary process from peat to coal seam, material constantly reduces, compacting, shows as thickness and constantly reduces, and compression factor is approximately 11:1 (Thomas, 1980).Accordingly, form the thick sandstone that thickness in monolayer is greater than 8m, the individual layer peat thickness of needs is at least 88m; So, form the coal seam of thickness in monolayer 244.7m, then need individual layer peat thickness 2691.7m.At present, individual layer peat thickness the thickest is in the world about 20m (Bruenig, 1990), and this thickness is far from enough to form the huge coal seam of thickness, and this is also the huge challenge to " by ancient for the present opinion " geology thought.Therefore, the origin mechanism of thick sandstone is focus and the difficult point of coal geology research for a long time always.
Jarrettetal. (2011) are thought, people are to origin cause of formation ubiquity one misunderstanding of thick sandstone for a long time, namely think " thick sandstone is formed by a peat paleo-bog body, and be continuously, etc. time peat build up record." in fact, there is many dissimilar discontinuity surfaces (hiatalsurfaces) in thick sandstone, can identify according to lithotype and coal quality feature and expose discontinuity surface (" exposure " hiatalsurface) and flood discontinuity surface (" drowing " hiatalsurface) (Jerrettetal., 2011), or mark off non-organic matter interval (inorganicparting), oxidation interval (oxidizedparting) and degraded-non-oxide organic interval (degradativenon-oxidizedorganicparting) (Sheareretal., 1994), visible, the formation of thick sandstone is the complex be formed by stacking by multiple coal seam and discontinuity surface, the too much phase peat paleo-bog of the growth be namely once interrupted in areal, and multiple ancient peat body is mutually stacked, and finally form thick sandstone (Sheareretal., 1994, Jerrettetal., 2011).
The existence of sedimentary discontinuity in thick sandstone, make us recognize the complex that thick sandstone is made up of multiple peat paleo-bog body and discontinuity surface, each peat paleo-bog body represents the peat paleo-bog of first phase successive sedimentation; Evolution between peat paleo-bog then defines dissimilar sedimentary discontinuity.These understanding well explain the forming process of thick sandstone, help us to explain that peat bog that is modern and ancient times is grown by the geology thought of " by ancient for the present opinion ", also explains the contradiction that individual layer peat thickness now is far from enough to be formed thick sandstone.
The method of existing identification thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface, the lithotype and coal quality test analysis of main dependence field intensive sampling and a large amount of sample amounts, namely at exposure discontinuity surface/oxidation interval place, show as that inertinite, chitin group and mineral matter volumn concentration are higher, mirror is lazy smaller; Flooding discontinuity surface/degraded-non-oxide organic interval, vitrinite's volumn concentration is higher, and inertinite, chitin group and mineral matter volumn concentration are lower, mirror is lazy larger.
At present, very weak to the research in thick sandstone internal discontinuity face in world wide, the research (Sheareretal., 1994 that only have two scholars to publish thesis to discuss this aspect; Jerrettetal., 2011), and all rely on intensive coal seam sampling and quantitative lithotype and coal quality test data to identify qualitatively.
Its reliability of the result that single method identifies is worth discussion, and needs to rely on field intensive sampling and great many of experiments test, and sampling condition is harsh, testing cost is high, there is all Multiple Constraints.
In addition, further achievement in research is not had to announce in current world wide.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, providing the method for a set of comprehensive identification thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface; The method comprehensively adopts lithotype and coal quality analysis, trace element analysis, carbon isotope analysis, One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform, reservoir rock and caprock identification five parameters, the sedimentary discontinuity of comprehensive identification thick sandstone inside, recognition result reliability is high, and can its reliability of quantitative description; When some Parameter Conditions is difficult to possess, other parameter can be relied on to identify, recognition methods is convenient, flexible, has good practicality.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A method for comprehensive identification thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface, comprises the following steps:
A. data prepares
1) thick sandstone is according to determining deviation system intensive sampling from bottom to top, and each sample carries out lithotype and coal quality test, trace element test and the test of organic stable carbon isotope respectively;
2) log data of systematic collection thick sandstone layer position;
B. sedimentary discontinuity identification
1) lithotype and coal quality according to sample is tested, trace element is tested and organic stable carbon isotope test data, carry out sedimentary discontinuity identification by lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, and draw recognition result respectively;
(2) thick sandstone compensated neutron log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method is analyzed, identify sedimentary discontinuity, draw analysis result;
(3) analysis of reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method is carried out to the gamma ray log data of thick sandstone: if reservoir rock and caprock can not be identified, then do not use the method; If reservoir rock and caprock can be identified, then calculate in thick sandstone thickness and the number of the coal deposit cycle that the precession of the equinoxes, slope, the eccentricity that comprise control respectively;
C. recognition result process
1) situation of reservoir rock and caprock can not be identified
By the sedimentary discontinuity result of lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, the identification of log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, according to scoring criteria assignment respectively, log data is carried out reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method assignment and is 0, draw the PTS of each sedimentary discontinuity, and then obtain the degree of reliability of each sedimentary discontinuity;
2) situation of reservoir rock and caprock can be identified
By the sedimentary discontinuity result of lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, the identification of log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, according to scoring criteria assignment respectively;
Calculate the number by the coal deposit cycle of the precession of the equinoxes of reservoir rock and caprock, slope and eccentricity control in thick sandstone, compared with the cycle number limited with the sedimentary discontinuity of lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, the identification of log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method;
If the coal deposit cycle number that the precession of the equinoxes in thick sandstone, slope and eccentricity 3 parameters are grown have one similar with a certain method recognition result in lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, the micro-diagnostic method of feature, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, then corresponding with it log data is carried out reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method assignment and is 1, draw the PTS of each sedimentary discontinuity, and then obtain the degree of reliability of each sedimentary discontinuity;
If the coal deposit cycle number that in thick sandstone, the precession of the equinoxes, slope and eccentricity 3 parameters are grown is all dissimilar with the recognition result of lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, the micro-diagnostic method of feature, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, then log data is carried out reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method assignment and is 0, draw the PTS of each sedimentary discontinuity, and then obtain the degree of reliability of each sedimentary discontinuity.
In described steps A 1) a determining deviation be: when coal seam thickness is less than or equal to 50 meters, spacing is 0.2-0.5m, and when coal seam thickness is more than 50m, sampling interval expands 1m to; If reservoir rock and caprock can be identified before sampling, then ensure that in the coal deposit cycle thickness that the precession of the equinoxes controls, hits is no less than 3.
The concrete recognition methods of described lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method is: water enters type discontinuity surface and shows as " two high one low ", and water moves back type discontinuity surface and shows as " two high three low "; Because the differences such as different regions coal-forming geological environment, coal-forming material type are all larger, be difficult to determine the standard value of absolute " height " and " low ", approximate range can only be determined, namely " two high one low " Zhi Gao vitrinite volumn concentration >50%, high mirror are lazy than >1, low inertinite volumn concentration <50%; " one high two low " refers to high inertinite volumn concentration >50%, and low mirror is lazy than <1, low vitrinite volumn concentration <50%; Inorganic mineral components volumn concentration and discontinuity surface type do not have inevitable corresponding relation, but often show as relative high level or low value at discontinuity surface place, by the impact of coalforming period detrital material supply, its volumn concentration height does not have specific standards value, but is defined as high level or low value with the number of test points of its top, bottom according to carrying out the qualitative height compared.
The lazy ratio size than Shi Meizhong vitrinite/inertinite volumn concentration of described mirror.
The concrete recognition methods of described feature trace element diagnostic method is: water enters type discontinuity surface and shows as " three is low ", and water moves back type discontinuity surface and shows as " three is high "." three is high " refers to high-micro-element Rb/Sr ratio, high-micro-element Th/U ratio, high-micro-element Sr/Ba ratio; " three is low " refers to low micro-Rb/Sr ratio, low micro-Th/U ratio, low micro-Sr/Ba ratio.Because trace element in coal self content is very micro-, and mass percentage changes greatly in different coal class, be difficult to unification quantification standard value and carry out quantitative description, " height " mentioned here and " low " are compared relative to the test point numerical value of its top, bottom.
The concrete recognition methods of described organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method is: water enters type discontinuity surface and shows as organic stable carbon isotope δ
13c value lightens, and namely numerical value diminishes; Water moves back type discontinuity surface and shows as organic stable carbon isotope δ
13c value becomes heavy, and namely numerical value becomes large.
The concrete recognition methods of described log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method is: carry out One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform analysis to the compensated neutron log data of thick sandstone, parameters a=32, f=0.025, the position that local maximum line (localmaximalines) and water enter type discontinuity surface fits like a glove.
The concrete recognition methods of described log data reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method is: utilize the reservoir rock and caprock contained in thick sandstone gamma ray log data identification coal seam, calculate cycle length and the number of the precession of the equinoxes, slope and the eccentricity control comprised in producing coal respectively, and then carry out check analysis with the interface of lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, the identification of log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, increase the reliability that interface identifies.
Described scoring criteria is:
The recognition methods of forefathers is comparatively single, is only a kind of recognition methods of this method system, and fails inherently to make an explanation to recognition result, the poor reliability of recognition result; The present invention is on the basis of inheriting forefathers' recognition methods, add the methods such as micro-test analysis, organic stable carbon isotope test analysis and the analysis of many means log data information excavating, employing multi-method, multi-angle carry out comprehensive identification and the existence and the reliability thereof that judge thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface, and explained the governing factor of sedimentary break surface development from the origin cause of formation by reservoir rock and caprock identification, namely have found in " source " of sedimentary discontinuity, substantially increase recognition result accuracy and confidence level; Meanwhile, the present invention carries out weight assignment according to the sensitiveness of different recognition methods, and carries out corresponding assignment to the sedimentary discontinuity identified, and the accumulative PTS drawing various method, the reliability describing each sedimentary discontinuity of quantification.
The present invention comprehensively adopts lithotype and coal quality diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, log data reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method, comprehensively identify the sedimentary discontinuity of thick sandstone inside, recognition result accuracy is high, reliability is strong; And when some Parameter Conditions does not possess, other parameter can be relied on to identify, recognition methods is convenient, flexible, has good practicality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface type and grows schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is thick sandstone lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method and sedimentary discontinuity figure;
Fig. 3 is thick sandstone trace element, Carbon Isotope Characteristics and sedimentary discontinuity figure;
Fig. 4 is the continuous one-dimensional wavelet transform diagnostic method of thick sandstone compensated neutron log and sedimentary discontinuity figure;
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Preferred forms of the present invention, can carry out according to following 3 key steps:
A. data prepares
1) thick sandstone according to a determining deviation from bottom to top system intensive sampling (when coal seam thickness is less than or equal to 50 meters, spacing is 0.2-0.5m, and when coal seam thickness is more than 50m, sampling interval expands 1m to; If can reservoir rock and caprock be identified before sampling, then ensure that in the coal deposit cycle thickness that the precession of the equinoxes controls, hits is no less than 3), each sample carries out lithotype and coal quality test, trace element test and the test of organic stable carbon isotope respectively;
2) log data of systematic collection thick sandstone layer position;
B. sedimentary discontinuity identification
1) lithotype and coal quality according to sample is tested, trace element is tested and organic stable carbon isotope test data, carry out sedimentary discontinuity identification by lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, and draw recognition result respectively;
2) thick sandstone compensated neutron log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform is analyzed, identify sedimentary discontinuity, draw analysis result;
3) analysis of reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method is carried out to the gamma ray log data of thick sandstone, if can not reservoir rock and caprock be identified, then do not use the method; If reservoir rock and caprock can be identified, then calculate in thick sandstone thickness and the number of the coal deposit cycle that the precession of the equinoxes, slope, the eccentricity that comprise control respectively;
C. recognition result process
1) situation of reservoir rock and caprock can not be identified
By the sedimentary discontinuity result of lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, the identification of log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, according to scoring criteria assignment respectively, log data is carried out reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method assignment and is 0, draw the PTS of each sedimentary discontinuity, and then obtain the degree of reliability of each sedimentary discontinuity;
2) situation of reservoir rock and caprock can be identified
By the sedimentary discontinuity result of lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, the identification of log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, according to scoring criteria assignment respectively;
Calculate the number by the coal deposit cycle of the precession of the equinoxes of reservoir rock and caprock, slope and eccentricity control in thick sandstone, compared with the cycle number limited with the sedimentary discontinuity of lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, the identification of log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method;
If the coal deposit cycle number that the precession of the equinoxes in thick sandstone, slope and eccentricity 3 parameters are grown have one similar with a certain method recognition result in lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, the micro-diagnostic method of feature, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, then corresponding with it log data is carried out reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method assignment and is 1, draw the PTS of each sedimentary discontinuity, and then obtain the degree of reliability of each sedimentary discontinuity;
If the coal deposit cycle number that in thick sandstone, the precession of the equinoxes, slope and eccentricity 3 parameters are grown is all dissimilar with the recognition result of lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, the micro-diagnostic method of feature, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, then log data is carried out reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method assignment and is 0, draw the PTS of each sedimentary discontinuity, and then obtain the degree of reliability of each sedimentary discontinuity.
Scoring criteria is:
The present invention includes 3 major parts, one is the division of sedimentary discontinuity type, and two is the identification of sedimentary discontinuity, and three is sedimentary discontinuity reliability evaluations.
One, sedimentary discontinuity Type division
The basis of forefathers' research combines the feasibility of sedimentary discontinuity identification, and the present invention has divided two kinds of typical sedimentary discontinuities:
(1) water enters type discontinuity surface
In Peat Accumulation process, water level rises gradually, water body is deepened, Peat Accumulation is caused to occur undercompensation, water body is deepened to make forming Environment comparatively moist and deflection reducing environment, water level reduces gradually afterwards, Peat Accumulation changes isostatic compensation even overcompensation gradually into, in this transitional period, peat may be piled up continuously, may be replaced by lacustrine facies (marine facies) mud stone deposition to lake (sea) direction, this turnover face is called " water enters type discontinuity surface " (water-transgressivehiatalsurface).(as shown in Figure 1)
(2) water moves back type discontinuity surface
In Peat Accumulation process, water level declines gradually, water body shoals, and causes Peat Accumulation to occur overcompensation, and water body shoals and makes forming Environment comparatively dry and deflection oxidation environment, and even part peat exposes oxidation; Afterwards, water level raises gradually, Peat Accumulation gradually transition is isostatic compensation even undercompensation, in this transitional period, peat may be piled up continuously, direction, onshore also may stop because of exposure piling up, and this turnover face is called " water moves back type discontinuity surface " (water-regressionhiatalsurface).(as shown in Figure 1)
Fig. 1 is thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface type and grows schematic diagram, and figure Oxford gray is coal seam, and light gray is non-coal deposit thing; Can see in figure, left side water body is relatively shallow, coal seam thickness comparatively large (coal seam major developmental is in the more shallow peat moor environment of water body); Water body is deepened to the right, coal seam bifurcated, thinning gradually, and pinching disappears gradually.That is the distribution of thick sandstone is limited, to the periphery bifurcated, pinching gradually.Coal seam stretch out and bifurcated is caused by the depth of water body, with regard to coal-forming marsh, show as the change of the depth of water body, dry wet, redox environment.In figure, water enters discontinuity surface and represents that water body rises large face most, and cause forming Environment water shallow place migration to the left, right side is covered darker area by water body, the non-coal deposit of growing, although left side or coal seam deposition, all have relevant embodiment, can identify in lithotype and coal quality, geochemistry etc.In figure, water moves back discontinuity surface and represents water body decline largest face, may cruelly spill near coal seam, water shallow place, left side, and oxidation Decomposition occurs; Although and do not come out on the right side of coal seam, in lithotype and coal quality, geochemistry etc., all have embodiment, can identify.The above-mentioned sedimentary discontinuity of comprehensive identification, is main contents of the present invention.
Two, sedimentary discontinuity recognition methods
(1) lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method
Theoretical foundation: the maceral kind of coal and content are the basic sign of the reflection coal origin cause of formation.It is generally acknowledged, vitrinite be by the root of plant, stem, leaf cover water reduce condition under, through gelling formed; Inertinite is formed through fusainization under drier oxidizing condition by plant remains.The microenvironment that if peat bog is water level is high, cover water and humidity, peat process is based on gelling, and after the peat of formation changes coal-forming, vitrinite is just high; If otherwise peat bog water level is low, dry microenvironment is in the majority, peat process is based on fusainization, and after the peat transformation coal-forming of formation, inertinite is just high.Therefore, in coal, mirror is lazy than (V/I) size, and reflect the overall looks of the overall or certain limit internal oxidition-reducing environment of peat bog, and then can judge the degree that peat bog is moist-dry, V/I also can be described as moist coefficient.
Recognition methods: water enters type discontinuity surface and shows as " two high one low ", it is then on the contrary that water moves back type discontinuity surface, shows as " two high three low "." two high one low " Zhi Gao vitrinite volumn concentration, high mirror are lazy than (V/I), low inertinite volumn concentration; " one high two low " refers to high inertinite volumn concentration, and low vitrinite volumn concentration, low mirror are lazy than (V/I).Inorganic mineral components volumn concentration and discontinuity surface type do not have inevitable corresponding relation, but often show as relative high level or low value at discontinuity surface place.
Instance analysis: for BC area thick sandstone, 4 water can be identified and enter type sedimentary discontinuity, numbering is followed successively by T1, T2, T3, T4 and 3 water move back type discontinuity surface, numbering is followed successively by R1, R2, R3, and showing as 3 water from bottom to top enters-and the water derotation returns and enters cycle (see Fig. 2) with half water.Fig. 2 is thick sandstone lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method and sedimentary discontinuity schematic diagram, the reducing environment that Tu Zhong vitrinite percentage composition higher reflection water body is darker, inertinite percentage composition is higher then reflects the oxidation environment that water body is more shallow, the lazy ratio of mirror is higher, then reflect the more inertinites of vitrinite fewer, then reflect the comparatively dark and oxidation environment of water body.Namely water enters type discontinuity surface and shows as high vitrinite volumn concentration, the lazy ratio of high mirror, low inertinite volumn concentration; It is then just the opposite that water moves back type discontinuity surface; Often there is extreme value in inorganic component volumn concentration, play aid illustration effect near discontinuity surface.
(2) feature trace element diagnostic method
Theoretical foundation: responsive geologic climate trace element parameter rubidium/strontium ratio (Rb/Sr), thorium/uranium ratio (Th/U), strontium/barium ratio (Sr/Ba) can as having a humid climate-good index of arid and oxidation-reduction conditions, reducing condition (water body is darker) Rb/Sr, Th/U, Sr/Ba ratio of warmer climate humidity is relatively low, and oxidizing condition (water body is more shallow) Rb/Sr, Th/U, Sr/Ba ratio of hot climate arid is relatively high.
Recognition methods: water enters type discontinuity surface and shows as " three is low ", it is then on the contrary that water moves back type discontinuity surface, shows as " three is high "." three is high " refers to high Rb/Sr ratio, high Th/U ratio, high Sr/Ba ratio; " three is low " refers to low Rb/Sr ratio, low Th/U ratio, low Sr/Ba ratio.
Instance analysis: for BC area thick sandstone, can identify 3 water and enter type sedimentary discontinuity, numbering is followed successively by T1, T2, T3 and 3 water move back type discontinuity surface, and numbering is followed successively by R1, R2, R3, roughly showing as 3 water from bottom to top enters-and the water derotation returns.(see Fig. 3)
(3) organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method
Theoretical foundation: organic carbon isotope δ in coal seam
13c value can represent temperature and humidity condition during peat deposits, and namely along with temperature raises, the drying that weather becomes, peat moor environment oxidisability strengthens, δ
13c becomes heavy; When atmospheric humidity is lower, CO in stomatal conductance and cell
2concentration is low, thus causes plant cellulose δ
13c value increases, and then causes δ in coal
13c becomes heavy.
Recognition methods: water enters type discontinuity surface and shows as δ
13c value lightens (value diminishes), and it is then on the contrary that water moves back type discontinuity surface, shows as δ
13c value becomes heavy (value becomes large).
Instance analysis: for BC area thick sandstone, 4 water can be identified and enter type sedimentary discontinuity, numbering is followed successively by T1, T2, T3, T4 and 3 water move back type discontinuity surface, and numbering is followed successively by R1, R2, R3, and roughly showing as 3 water from bottom to top enters-and the water derotation returns.Fig. 3 is thick sandstone trace element, Carbon Isotope Characteristics and sedimentary discontinuity schematic diagram, responsive geologic climate trace element parameter rubidium/strontium ratio (Rb/Sr) in figure, thorium/uranium ratio (Th/U), strontium/barium ratio (Sr/Ba) can as having a humid climate-good index of arid and oxidation-reduction conditions, side reflects the water body depth or advance and retreat.Feature trace element ratio Rb/Sr, Th/U, Sr/Ba are relatively low, and the comparatively deep water reducing condition of instruction warmer climate humidity, represents water and move back type discontinuity surface; Feature trace element ratio Rb/Sr, Th/U, Sr/Ba are relatively high, and the shallow water oxidizing condition of instruction hot climate arid, represents water and move back type discontinuity surface.
(4) log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method
Theoretical foundation: wavelet transformation is the partial transformation of the frequency in space (time), can information extraction from signal effectively, by flexible and shift operations function, multiple dimensioned explication de texte can be carried out to function or signal, and then solve the indeterminable a lot of problem of Fourier transformation.By to log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform, " similar " degree of two data can be characterized, and then data volume is divided into the part of several " similar ".Thick sandstone Formation period, the advance and retreat degree of water body is comparatively large to the composition influence of coal, and some then leave corresponding record in this responsive log data, by certain analysis, as One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform, then can by these information revertings out.
Recognition methods: carry out One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform analysis to the compensated neutron log data of thick sandstone, parameters a=32, f=0.025, the position that local maximum line (localmaximalines) and water enter type discontinuity surface fits like a glove.
Instance analysis: for BC area thick sandstone, can identify 4 water and enter type sedimentary discontinuity, numbering is followed successively by T1, T2, T3, T4 (see Fig. 4).Fig. 4 is the continuous one-dimensional wavelet transform diagnostic method of thick sandstone compensated neutron log and sedimentary discontinuity schematic diagram, by carrying out continuous one-dimensional wavelet transform to the compensated neutron log data of thick sandstone, parameters a=32, f=0.025, log data is put forward the block section being divided into 4 " similar ", type discontinuity surface is entered in its line of demarcation just with water corresponding good.
(5) log data reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method
Theoretical foundation: usually grow containing coal seam and change relatively stable period at Basin Tectonic, it is to the change of depositional environment, and especially the change of weather is both responsive, easily preserves deposition information again.In numerous deposition information, stratigraphic cycles is one of information that is important, that easily identify, and it is little of several centimetres, large to rice up to a hundred.Gamma ray curve has good record to paleo-climate change, is the substituted index that reflection inland dry basin climate index is good.The present invention utilizes gamma ray curve thick sandstone to carry out quickly diaphragm filter spectrum analysis, therefrom extracts its reservoir rock and caprock geological information; If reservoir rock and caprock can not be identified, then do not use the method; If can reservoir rock and caprock be identified, the thickness of the cycle of sedimentation that the precession of the equinoxes comprised in calculating thick sandstone respectively, slope, eccentricity control and number, the result of the sedimentary discontinuity that checking lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method identify.
Recognition methods: utilize the reservoir rock and caprock contained in thick sandstone gamma ray log data identification coal seam, the cycle length that analysis coal seam comprises and cycle number, and then carry out check analysis with the interface of lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, the identification of One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, increase the reliability that interface identifies.
Instance analysis: for BC area thick sandstone and coal seam, adjacent area thereof, because reservoir rock and caprock is a macroscopical Climate Cycles, at the regional level, change is little, in order to improve accuracy of identification, this has been got 10 intervals at BC area thick sandstone and coal seam, adjacent area thereof and has carried out reservoir rock and caprock identification, and the coal seam length deposited in each interval precession of the equinoxes, slope and eccentrically connecting is averaged, to reduce accidental error.BC area and coal seam, adjacent area in the precession of the equinoxes control coal seam average length turning interval be 1.55m, coal seam average length turning interval of slop control is 3.07m, eccentricity control coal seam average length turning interval be 7.32m (table 1).In this exemplary plot 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, thick sandstone thickness is 11.30m, have identified 3.5 cycles altogether, then average each turning interval, length was 11.3m ÷ 3.5=3.22m, be similar to coal seam average length turning interval of slop control, can think the control of the growth of sedimentary discontinuity in this thick sandstone by slope period change in reservoir rock and caprock.And then inherently explain the governing factor of sedimentary break surface development, add the confidence level of the sedimentary discontinuity of identification of the present invention.
Three, sedimentary discontinuity reliability evaluation
The 5 kinds of sedimentary discontinuity recognition methods that the present invention relates to, status inside whole identification system is differed identical, lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method are direct criterion, One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method is indirect discrimination method, and reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method is checking diagnostic method.The parameter that lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method are used all has direct corresponding relation with the humidity of coal-forming peat bog with arid, Redox Condition etc.; One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method analyzes log data to carry out the division of " similar " data segment, is indirect discrimination method; Reservoir rock and caprock criteria theorem is by identifying that the thickness that the water water inlet derotation comprised in thick sandstone is returned and cycle number verify the result of lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, the recognition methods of One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method kind.
Research finds that different method of discrimination is different to the sensitivity of discontinuity surface, and in order to describe the reliability of discontinuity surface more accurately, this research has carried out weight assignment (table 2) to various method of discrimination.For certain sedimentary discontinuity, can identify the method for deposition section, count 1 point, the meter can not identified 0 point, sue for peace after the score of various method is multiplied by weight, full marks are 100 points, and score is higher, illustrate that the reliability that this sedimentary discontinuity exists is larger.Example case study the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 1 thick sandstone grows different regions, basin reservoir rock and caprock Periodic identification statistical form
The weight assignment of all kinds of diagnostic method of table 2
Table 3 example thick sandstone discontinuity surface differentiates result table
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the comprehensive method identifying thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
A. data prepares
1) according to a determining deviation, system intensive sampling each sample carries out lithotype and coal quality test to thick sandstone respectively from bottom to top, trace element tests and organic stable carbon isotope is tested;
2) log data of systematic collection thick sandstone layer position;
B. sedimentary discontinuity identification
1) lithotype and coal quality according to sample is tested, trace element is tested and organic stable carbon isotope test data, carry out sedimentary discontinuity identification by lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, and draw recognition result respectively;
(2) analysis of One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method is carried out to thick sandstone compensated neutron log data, identify sedimentary discontinuity, draw analysis result;
(3) analysis of log data reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method is carried out to the gamma ray log data of thick sandstone, if can not reservoir rock and caprock be identified, then do not use the method; If reservoir rock and caprock can be identified, then calculate in thick sandstone thickness and the number of the coal deposit cycle that the precession of the equinoxes, slope, the eccentricity that comprise control respectively;
C. recognition result process
1) situation of reservoir rock and caprock can not be identified
By the sedimentary discontinuity result of lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, the identification of log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, according to scoring criteria assignment respectively, wherein log data reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method assignment is 0, draw the PTS of each sedimentary discontinuity, and then obtain the degree of reliability of each sedimentary discontinuity;
2) situation of reservoir rock and caprock can be identified
By the sedimentary discontinuity result of lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, the identification of log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, according to scoring criteria assignment respectively;
Calculate the number by the coal deposit cycle of the precession of the equinoxes of reservoir rock and caprock, slope and eccentricity control in thick sandstone, compared with the cycle number limited with the sedimentary discontinuity of lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, the identification of log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method;
If the periodicity that the precession of the equinoxes in thick sandstone, slope and eccentricity three parameters are grown have one similar with a certain method recognition result in lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, the micro-diagnostic method of feature, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, then corresponding with it sedimentary discontinuity log data reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method assignment is 1, draw the PTS of each sedimentary discontinuity, and then obtain the degree of reliability of each sedimentary discontinuity;
If the coal deposit cycle number that in thick sandstone, the precession of the equinoxes, slope and eccentricity 3 parameters are grown is all dissimilar with the recognition result of lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, the micro-diagnostic method of feature, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method, then log data is carried out reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method assignment and is 0, draw the PTS of each sedimentary discontinuity, and then obtain the degree of reliability of each sedimentary discontinuity.
2. the comprehensive method identifying thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described steps A 1) a determining deviation be: when coal seam thickness is less than 50 meters, be 0.2-0.5m, when coal seam thickness is more than 50m, sampling interval expands 1m to; If reservoir rock and caprock can be identified before sampling, then ensure that in the coal deposit cycle thickness that the precession of the equinoxes controls, hits is no less than 3.
3. the comprehensive method identifying thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete recognition methods of described lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method is: water enters type discontinuity surface and shows as " two high one low ", it is then on the contrary that water moves back type discontinuity surface, show as " two high three low ", " two high one low " Zhi Gao vitrinite volumn concentration >50%, high mirror are lazy than >1, low inertinite volumn concentration <50%; " one high two low " refers to high inertinite volumn concentration >50%, and low mirror is lazy than <1, low vitrinite volumn concentration <50%; Inorganic mineral components volumn concentration and discontinuity surface type do not have inevitable corresponding relation, but often show as relative high level or low value at discontinuity surface place, by the impact that coalforming period detrital material supply is how many, its volume basis does not have specific standards value containing value height, but is defined as high level or low value with the number of test points of its top, bottom according to the qualitative height compared.
4. the as claimed in claim 3 comprehensive method identifying thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface, is characterized in that, the lazy volumn concentration ratio size than Shi Meizhong vitrinite and inertinite of described mirror.
5. the comprehensive method identifying thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the concrete recognition methods of described feature trace element diagnostic method is: water enters type discontinuity surface and shows as " three is low ", and water moves back type discontinuity surface and shows as " three is high "; " three is high " refers to high-micro-element Rb/Sr ratio, high-micro-element Th/U ratio, high-micro-element Sr/Ba ratio; " three is low " refers to low micro-Rb/Sr ratio, low micro-Th/U ratio, low micro-Sr/Ba ratio; Because trace element in coal self content is very micro-, and mass percentage changes greatly in different coal class, be difficult to carry out quantitative description by quantification standard value, " height " mentioned here and " low " are compared relative to the test point numerical value of this abnormity point upper and lower.
6. the comprehensive method identifying thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete recognition methods of described organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method is: water enters type discontinuity surface and shows as organic carbon isotope δ
13c value lightens, and namely numerical value diminishes; Water moves back type discontinuity surface and then shows as organic carbon isotope δ
13c value becomes heavy, and namely numerical value becomes large.
7. the comprehensive method identifying thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete recognition methods of described log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method is: carry out One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform analysis to the compensated neutron log data of thick sandstone, parameters a=32, f=0.025, the position that local maximum line and water enter type discontinuity surface fits like a glove.
8. the comprehensive method identifying thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete recognition methods of described log data reservoir rock and caprock diagnostic method is: utilize the reservoir rock and caprock information contained in thick sandstone gamma ray log data identification coal seam, calculate the precession of the equinoxes of reservoir rock and caprock in thick sandstone, the coal seam thickness of slope and the interior deposition of eccentrically connecting and its number of cycle, with lithotype and coal quality component diagnostic method, feature trace element diagnostic method, organic stable carbon isotope diagnostic method, check analysis is carried out at the interface of log data One Dimension Continuous Wavelet Transform diagnostic method identification, increase the reliability that interface identifies.
9. the comprehensive method identifying thick sandstone inside deposition discontinuity surface as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described scoring criteria is:
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