CN105200245A - Method for efficiently separating tungsten and molybdenum - Google Patents
Method for efficiently separating tungsten and molybdenum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for separating tungsten and molybdenum. The method comprises the following steps: (1) firstly adding acid into a tungsten-molybdenum mixed solution to form mixed sediment of tungsten acid and molybdenum acid; (2) adding acid into the mixed sediment to dissolve the molybdenum acid; (3) dissolving tungsten acid sediment obtained by filtering by using ammonia water to obtain an ammonium tungstate solution and prepare APT; (4) extracting molybdenum in a molybdenum-containing solution by using an extraction agent or ion exchange resin, then desorbing or reversely extracting by using ammonia water to obtain a ammonium molybdate solution, and further preparing ammonium tetramolybdate; and (5) adding a proper amount of acid into ion exchange post solution or extraction raffinate, then returning to the mixed solution of the step (1) or the step (2). The separation method considers the production process of the tungsten-molybdenum product, so that the separated tungsten or molybdenum is directly used for preparing the products thereof; the separation effect is excellent; the operation process is simple and is liable to control; the industrial popularization and application are liable to implement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metallurgy of rare metal field, the technological method that particularly in tungsten smelting process, tungsten is separated.
Background technology
Foreign matter content in tungsten goods has a strong impact on its performance, be molybdenum, and for molybdenum product, tungsten is then the most difficult separation for the impurity element of the most difficult removing tungsten product.In order to improve the performance of tungsten goods, being separated completely of tungsten is necessary.Due to lanthanide contraction, tungsten and molybdenum have identical atomic radius and similar electronic structure, and show very close chemical property.Therefore, tungsten is in the frequent symbiosis of nature.The feature of current China tungsten resource is: the tungsten resource of high molybdenum accounts for about 50% of the white Chemical analysis reserves in the whole nation, and in Mo resource, high tungsten resource also accounts for about 1/3.As persimmon bamboo plantation ore deposit the biggest in the world, Mo/WO
3be about 2%; The association white tungsten reserves of Luanchuan In Henan molybdenum ore up to 620,000 tons (the second largest sheelite of China), wherein Mo/WO
3be about 10%; Ye Chang level ground, Luzhi County WO
3reserves 180,000 tons, Mo/WO
3be about 30-50%; Drift sand mountain, Inner Mongol molybdenum tungsten Mo/WO
3be about 300%.These ore deposit height tungsten, high molybdenums, the treatment process that long-term lacking is suitable.In order to well utilize these high tungsten height Mo resource, be badly in need of the efficient tungsten isolation technique of exploitation.
But the extremely similar chemical property of tungsten causes tungsten high efficiency separation to become the technical barrier of puzzlement tungsten metallurgy.Up to the present, various tungsten separation method has been worked out.(1) molybdenum in tungsten solution is mainly carried out sulfuration by method under suitable condition that remove molybdenum from tungstate solution, forms Thiomolybdate.Utilize thiomolybdate ion and tungstate ion nature difference, the precipitator method, extraction process or ion exchange method etc. can be utilized to be separated.These class methods, except the problem that there is sulphur pollution, also exist except the molybdenum degree of depth is inadequate, or the high Mo solution of inadaptable process, or the problem such as efficiency is not high.Current from tungstate solution the mainstream technology of removing tungsten deeply be utilize copper-containing compound adsorb MoS
4 2-be separated tungsten, this technology obtains widespread use in China.But when molybdenum tungsten ratio is more than 1/20, its effect is significantly deteriorated.Guanidine salt precipitation method is then that another does not need to carry out the method that tungsten separation is carried out in sulfuration.This method utilizes the isopoly-acid root of wolframate radical and tungsten and the qualitative difference of isopoly-acid root of molybdate and molybdenum, and in acid condition, tungsten and guanidinesalt generate precipitation and molybdenum still in solution, thus reach the object that tungsten is separated.But due to the industrial application of reason the limits this method such as the crystallisation problems of para-tungstate, the generation of tungsten polymerization plasma and these ion nature difference is little.(2) these methods above-mentioned then can not be applied to and remove micro-tungsten from molybdate solution.This new molybdenum tungsten for the removing of the degree of depth from molybdate solution micro-tungsten is separated a difficult problem, and many scholars have done some researchs.Studies have found that primary amine has certain separating effect to molybdenum and tungsten.When adopting single-stage extraction operation, except tungsten rate just can reach 92.7%, but molybdenum damage has nearly 5%.Also utilize tungsten, molybdenum polymerizing power difference, adopt macropore basic anion exchange resin to be removed by the tungsten of trace in molybdate solution, except tungsten rate can reach 96%, molybdenum damages and is no more than 4%.But need first to adjust solution ph and place ability absorption in 5 ~ 12 hours.In addition, also there are the oxyhydroxide or hydrous oxide absorption method that adopt multivalent transition metal, reach one preferably except tungsten effect by adjustment solution system pH.
These methods are the removing of tungsten for trace or molybdenum substantially above, often well can not process all higher solution of tungsten content, thus need to develop corresponding magnanimity tungsten isolation technique.Also only have at present by adopting tungsten in transition metal salt selective precipitation tungsten mixing solutions, thus reach the effect being separated tungsten.Although this method has certain effect, but originally will be entered into the high density tungsten precipitation of solution by caustic digestion, these tungsten of subsequent recovery also need again to decompose tungstenic precipitation again, cause the unnecessary loss of raw material, the cost of whole separation tungsten is improved greatly.
Therefore, based on above analysis, develop new efficient tungsten isolation technique very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of tungsten separation method efficiently, be particularly suitable for process high density tungsten mixing solutions.The method considers the production technique of tungsten product, and make the tungsten separated or molybdenum be directly used in the preparation of its product, good separating effect, operating process is simple and easy to control, is easy to industrial application.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of tungsten separation method, comprises the steps:
(1) first is 1-3 to tungsten mixing solutions acid adding to solution ph, and reaction forms the mixed precipitation of wolframic acid, molybdic acid, is separated, washing;
(2) in mixed precipitation, continue acid adding, molybdic acid is dissolved, and wolframic acid continues to be retained in precipitation;
(3) filter the wolframic acid precipitation obtained, washing, with ammonia solvent, obtains ammonium tungstate solution, further obtained APT;
(4) what adopt extraction agent or ion exchange resin step (2) to be obtained extracts containing the molybdenum in molybdenum solution, then utilizes ammoniacal liquor desorb or back extraction to obtain ammonium molybdate solution, further obtained ammonium tetramolybdate;
(5) be back in the mixed solution of step (1) or (2) after liquid after ion-exchange or raffinate add appropriate acid.
Above-mentioned reaction mechanism is: first add acid and system pH is controlled between 1 and 3, tungsten and molybdenum will form wolframic acid and molybdic acid mixed precipitation simultaneously respectively.Decomposition reaction is carried out in the acid continuing to add high density again, and precipitate molybdic acid can be dissolved and be back in solution, then how high acid concentration is all can not dissolve for wolframic acid precipitation, thus reaches being separated of molybdenum and tungsten.
In the method for separation tungsten of the present invention, in step (1), in described tungsten mixing solutions, the mass ratio of tungsten and molybdenum is 0.1 ~ 10:1, preferred 0.2-3.2:1, and the concentration of tungsten and molybdenum is respectively 10 ~ 300g/L.
In the method for separation tungsten of the present invention, in step (1), solution ph is 1-2.5.
In the method for separation tungsten of the present invention, in step (1), temperature of reaction is 40-80 DEG C.
In the method for separation tungsten of the present invention, in step (1) and (3), described acid is sulfuric acid, one or more in hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.Wherein, the concentration of each acid is: the concentration of sulfuric acid is 1 ~ 16mol/L, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1 ~ 12mol/L, concentration of nitric acid 1 ~ 14mol/L.
In the method for separation tungsten of the present invention, in step (2), by the concentration and add-on controlling acid, molybdic acid is dissolved and enter into mixed solution, and wolframic acid is retained in precipitation.In the add-on of described acid and mixed precipitation, the mol ratio of molybdic acid is 2 ~ 10:1, preferred 3-8.2:1.
In the method for separation tungsten of the present invention, in step (2), acid concentration is higher, and the solute effect of molybdic acid is higher; But the too high requirement to equipment of acid concentration also corresponding raising, also can increase production cost, preferred concentration of the present invention is the sulfuric acid of 8-16mol/L.
In the method for separation tungsten of the present invention, in step (2), temperature of reaction is 65-90 DEG C.
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), tungsten powder can also be added again after the acid addition, the not molten molybdic acid of part is dissolved further, and wolframic acid be retained in precipitation.Or add acid and tungsten powder in mixed precipitation, the concentration and the add-on that control acid make molybdic acid dissolving enter into solution, and wolframic acid is retained in precipitation simultaneously.The add-on of described tungsten powder and the mol ratio of precipitate molybdic acid are 0.1 ~ 0.5:1.
In the method for separation tungsten of the present invention, in step (3), in gained wolframic acid precipitation, tungsten mass ratio significantly increases, and reaches 100 ~ 1000:1.In ratio larger explanation wolframic acid, molybdenum content is fewer, separation more thorough.Also be in like manner that in numerical value larger explanation molybdenum, tungsten content is fewer containing molybdenum tungsten mass ratio in molybdenum solution, separation about thorough.
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for described separation tungsten, comprises the steps:
(1) to tungsten mass ratio be 0.1 ~ 10:1 tungsten/Sodium orthomolybdate mixed solution in acid adding to solution ph be 1 ~ 3, stirring reaction, obtains the mixed precipitation of wolframic acid and molybdic acid;
(2) to acid adding in mixed precipitation, obtain containing molybdenum solution and wolframic acid precipitation; Wherein, in the add-on of acid and mixed precipitation, the mol ratio of molybdic acid is 2 ~ 10:1;
(3) wolframic acid precipitation ammonia solvent is obtained ammonium tungstate solution, obtain APT through evaporative crystallization;
(4) what adopt extraction agent or ion exchange resin step (2) to be obtained extracts containing the molybdenum in molybdenum solution, then utilizes ammoniacal liquor desorb or back extraction to obtain ammonium molybdate solution, sinks prepare ammonium tetramolybdate through acid;
(5) be back in the mixed solution of step (1) or (2) after liquid after ion-exchange or raffinate add appropriate acid.
Separation method of the present invention considers the production technique of tungsten product, and make the tungsten separated or molybdenum be directly used in the preparation of its product, good separating effect, operating process is simple and easy to control, is easy to industrial application.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of tungsten separation method, comprises the steps:
(1) first to tungsten concentration be 10g/L, tungsten mass ratio is add sulfuric acid in the tungsten/Sodium orthomolybdate mixing solutions of 0.2:1, stirring reaction, to control temperature of reaction be 60 DEG C and solution ph is 2.5, reacts 10 minutes, obtains wolframic acid and molybdic acid mixed precipitation after having reacted through filtration washing;
(2) in mixed precipitation, the sulfuric acid that concentration is 12mol/L is added, its add-on is 6:1 with the mol ratio of molybdic acid in precipitation, to control temperature of reaction be 70 DEG C and reaction times is 2 hours, after react through filtration washing obtain wolframic acid precipitation that tungsten mass ratio is 845:1 and molybdenum tungsten mass ratio be 667:1 contain molybdenum solution;
(3) wolframic acid precipitation ammonia solvent is obtained ammonium tungstate solution, obtain APT through evaporative crystallization, foreign matter content reaches GB 0 grade of product requirement;
(4) adopt ion exchange resin to be extracted by the molybdenum in solution, the desorb of load molybdenum resin ammoniacal liquor obtains ammonium molybdate solution, and sink through acid and prepare ammonium tetramolybdate, foreign matter content reaches GB 0 grade of product requirement;
(5) after ion-exchange, liquid returns the reaction for precipitating wolframic acid and molybdic acid again after adding sulfuric acid.
Embodiment 2
A kind of tungsten separation method, comprises the steps:
(1) first to tungsten concentration be 185g/L, tungsten mass ratio is add hydrochloric acid in the tungsten/Sodium orthomolybdate mixing solutions of 1.2:1, stirring reaction, to control temperature of reaction be 70 DEG C and solution ph is 1, reacts 90 minutes, obtains wolframic acid and molybdic acid mixed precipitation after having reacted through filtration washing;
(2) in mixed precipitation, the sulfuric acid that concentration is 16mol/L is added, its add-on is 5.5:1 with the mol ratio of molybdic acid in precipitation, to control temperature of reaction be 80 DEG C and reaction times is 3 hours, after react through filtration washing obtain wolframic acid precipitation that tungsten mass ratio is 897:1 and molybdenum tungsten mass ratio be 720:1 contain molybdenum solution;
(3) wolframic acid precipitation ammonia solvent is obtained ammonium tungstate solution, obtain APT through evaporative crystallization, foreign matter content reaches GB 0 grade of product requirement;
(4) adopt extraction agent to be extracted by the molybdenum in solution, the desorb of load molybdenum organic phase ammoniacal liquor obtains ammonium molybdate solution, and sink through acid and prepare ammonium tetramolybdate, foreign matter content reaches GB 0 grade of product requirement;
(5) raffinate returns the reaction for precipitating wolframic acid and molybdic acid again after adding sulfuric acid.
Embodiment 3
A kind of tungsten separation method, comprises the steps:
(1) first to tungsten concentration be 215g/L, tungsten mass ratio is add hydrochloric acid stirring reaction in the tungsten/Sodium orthomolybdate mixing solutions of 3.2:1, to control temperature of reaction be 80 DEG C and solution ph is 1.2, react 3 hours, after having reacted, obtain wolframic acid and molybdic acid mixed precipitation through filtration washing;
(2) in mixed precipitation, the hydrochloric acid that concentration is 12mol/L is added, its add-on is 3:1 with the mol ratio of molybdic acid in precipitation, also add tungsten powder simultaneously, its add-on is 0.5 with the mol ratio of molybdic acid in precipitation, to control temperature of reaction be 90 DEG C and reaction times is 2.5 hours, after react through filtration washing obtain wolframic acid precipitation that tungsten mass ratio is 927:1 and molybdenum tungsten mass ratio be 823:1 contain molybdenum solution;
(3) wolframic acid precipitation ammonia solvent is obtained ammonium tungstate solution, obtain APT through evaporative crystallization, foreign matter content reaches GB 0 grade of product requirement;
(4) adopt extraction agent to be extracted by the molybdenum in solution, the desorb of load molybdenum organic phase ammoniacal liquor obtains ammonium molybdate solution, and sink through acid and prepare ammonium tetramolybdate, foreign matter content reaches GB 0 grade of product requirement;
(5) raffinate returns the mixed precipitation reaction for decomposing wolframic acid and molybdic acid again after adding sulfuric acid.
Embodiment 4
A kind of tungsten separation method, comprises the steps:
(1) first to tungsten concentration be 123g/L, tungsten mass ratio is add hydrochloric acid in the tungsten/Sodium orthomolybdate mixing solutions of 1:1, stirring reaction, to control temperature of reaction be 40 DEG C and solution ph is 1.8, reacts 6 hours, obtains wolframic acid and molybdic acid mixed precipitation after having reacted through filtration washing;
(2) in mixed precipitation, the hydrochloric acid that concentration is 8mol/L is added, its add-on is 4.5:1 with the mol ratio of molybdic acid in precipitation, to control temperature of reaction be 65 DEG C and reaction times is 1.5 hours, and then add tungsten powder, its add-on is 0.4 with the mol ratio of molybdic acid in precipitation, to control temperature of reaction be 65 DEG C and reaction times is 2.0 hours, after react through filtration washing obtain wolframic acid precipitation that tungsten mass ratio is 745:1 and molybdenum tungsten mass ratio be 678:1 contain molybdenum solution;
(3) wolframic acid precipitation ammonia solvent is obtained ammonium tungstate solution, obtain APT through evaporative crystallization, foreign matter content reaches GB 0 grade of product requirement;
(4) adopt ion exchange resin to be extracted by the molybdenum in solution, the desorb of load molybdenum resin ammoniacal liquor obtains ammonium molybdate solution, and sink through acid and prepare ammonium tetramolybdate, foreign matter content reaches GB 0 grade of product requirement;
(5) after ion-exchange, liquid returns the reaction for precipitating wolframic acid and molybdic acid again after adding sulfuric acid.
Embodiment 5
A kind of tungsten separation method, comprises the steps:
(1) elder generation is 25 DEG C to temperature, sulfuric acid stirring reaction is added in the tungsten that tungsten concentration is 145g/L, tungsten mass ratio is 2.0:1/Sodium orthomolybdate mixing solutions, controlling solution ph is 2.5, reacts 4 hours, obtains wolframic acid and molybdic acid mixed precipitation after having reacted through filtration washing;
(2) in mixed precipitation, the nitric acid that concentration is 10mol/L is added, its add-on is 8.2:1 with the mol ratio of molybdic acid in precipitation, to control temperature of reaction be 75 DEG C and reaction times is 8.0 hours, after react through filtration washing obtain wolframic acid precipitation that tungsten mass ratio is 816:1 and molybdenum tungsten mass ratio be 736:1 contain molybdenum solution;
(3) wolframic acid precipitation ammonia solvent is obtained ammonium tungstate solution, obtain APT through evaporative crystallization, foreign matter content reaches GB 0 grade of product requirement;
(4) adopt extraction agent to be extracted by the molybdenum in solution, the desorb of load molybdenum organic phase ammoniacal liquor obtains ammonium molybdate solution, and sink through acid and prepare ammonium tetramolybdate, foreign matter content reaches GB 0 grade of product requirement;
(5) raffinate returns the reaction for decomposing wolframic acid and molybdic acid mixed precipitation again after adding sulfuric acid.
Embodiment 6
A kind of tungsten separation method, comprises the steps:
(1) first to tungsten concentration be 106g/L, tungsten mass ratio is add hydrochloric acid stirring reaction in the tungsten/Sodium orthomolybdate mixing solutions of 1.1:1, to control temperature of reaction be 55 DEG C and solution ph is 1.2, react 3 hours, after having reacted, obtain wolframic acid and molybdic acid mixed precipitation through filtration washing;
(2) in mixed precipitation, the sulfuric acid that concentration is 8mol/L is added, its add-on is 5.3:1 with the mol ratio of molybdic acid in precipitation, also add tungsten powder simultaneously, its add-on is 0.45 with the mol ratio of molybdic acid in precipitation, to control temperature of reaction be 85 DEG C and reaction times is 3.5 hours, after react through filtration washing obtain wolframic acid precipitation that tungsten mass ratio is 983:1 and molybdenum tungsten mass ratio be 766:1 contain molybdenum solution;
(3) wolframic acid precipitation ammonia solvent is obtained ammonium tungstate solution, obtain APT through evaporative crystallization, foreign matter content reaches GB 0 grade of product requirement;
(4) adopt extraction agent to be extracted by the molybdenum in solution, the desorb of load molybdenum organic phase ammoniacal liquor obtains ammonium molybdate solution, and sink through acid and prepare ammonium tetramolybdate, foreign matter content reaches GB 0 grade of product requirement;
(5) raffinate returns the reaction for precipitating wolframic acid and molybdic acid again after adding sulfuric acid.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a tungsten separation method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) first is 1-3 to tungsten mixing solutions acid adding to solution ph, and reaction forms the mixed precipitation of wolframic acid, molybdic acid, is separated, washing;
(2) in mixed precipitation, continue acid adding, molybdic acid is dissolved, and wolframic acid continues to be retained in precipitation;
(3) filter the wolframic acid precipitation obtained, washing, with ammonia solvent, obtains ammonium tungstate solution, further obtained APT;
(4) what adopt extraction agent or ion exchange resin step (2) to be obtained extracts containing the molybdenum in molybdenum solution, then utilizes ammoniacal liquor desorb or back extraction to obtain ammonium molybdate solution, further obtained ammonium tetramolybdate;
(5) be back in the mixed solution of step (1) or (2) after liquid after ion-exchange or raffinate add appropriate acid.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), in described tungsten mixing solutions, the mass ratio of tungsten and molybdenum is 0.1 ~ 10:1; And the concentration of tungsten and molybdenum is respectively 10 ~ 300g/L.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1) and (3), described acid is sulfuric acid, one or more in hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the concentration of each acid is: the concentration of sulfuric acid is 1 ~ 16mol/L, and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 1 ~ 12mol/L, concentration of nitric acid 1 ~ 14mol/L.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), in the add-on of described acid and mixed precipitation, the mol ratio of molybdic acid is 2 ~ 10:1, preferred 3-8.2:1.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), adds molybdenum powder more after the acid addition, the not molten molybdic acid of part is dissolved further, and wolframic acid is retained in precipitation.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), in mixed precipitation, adds acid and tungsten powder simultaneously, and the concentration and the add-on that control acid make molybdic acid dissolving enter into solution, and wolframic acid is retained in precipitation.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the add-on of described tungsten powder and the mol ratio of precipitate molybdic acid are 0.1 ~ 0.5:1.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), in the add-on of described acid and mixed precipitation, the mol ratio of molybdic acid is 2 ~ 10:1.
10. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) to tungsten mass ratio be 0.1 ~ 10:1 tungsten/Sodium orthomolybdate mixed solution in acid adding to solution ph be 1 ~ 3, stirring reaction, obtains the mixed precipitation of wolframic acid and molybdic acid;
(2) in mixed precipitation, continue acid adding, obtain containing molybdenum solution and wolframic acid precipitation; Wherein, in the add-on of acid and mixed precipitation, the mol ratio of molybdic acid is 2 ~ 10:1;
(3) wolframic acid precipitation ammonia solvent is obtained ammonium tungstate solution, obtain APT through evaporative crystallization;
(4) what adopt extraction agent or ion exchange resin step (2) to be obtained extracts containing the molybdenum in molybdenum solution, then utilizes ammoniacal liquor desorb or back extraction to obtain ammonium molybdate solution, sinks prepare ammonium tetramolybdate through acid;
(5) be back in the mixed solution of step (1) or (2) after liquid after ion-exchange or raffinate add appropriate acid.
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| CN106435224A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-02-22 | 湖南金源新材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing ammonium paratungstate from waste containing tungsten |
| CN108751259A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-11-06 | 厦门钨业股份有限公司 | A kind of method and its device of tungsten waste production ammonium metatungstate |
| CN109988923A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-09 | 厦门钨业股份有限公司 | A kind of tungsten separation method |
| CN111470537A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-07-31 | 厦门钨业股份有限公司 | Ammonium molybdate recovery method and method for removing impurity tungsten in ammonium molybdate |
| CN111659535A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-09-15 | 金堆城钼业股份有限公司 | Molybdenum-tungsten separation method |
| CN111893326A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-06 | 中南大学 | Method for extracting tungsten by two-step acid decomposition method |
| CN112899482A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-06-04 | 厦门钨业股份有限公司 | Treatment method of molybdenum removal slag |
| CN113800565A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2021-12-17 | 杭州临安慧尔钼业科技有限公司 | Method for preparing high-purity ammonium heptamolybdate by photooxidation conversion of filament-melting molybdenum-containing waste acid |
| CN114959261A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-30 | 北京科技大学 | Method for recovering tungsten, molybdenum, nickel and cobalt from multi-metal alloy in full-wet process |
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| CN114959261A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-30 | 北京科技大学 | Method for recovering tungsten, molybdenum, nickel and cobalt from multi-metal alloy in full-wet process |
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