CN105198843A - One-pot synthesizing method of 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-glyoxalic acid - Google Patents

One-pot synthesizing method of 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-glyoxalic acid Download PDF

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CN105198843A
CN105198843A CN201510616708.4A CN201510616708A CN105198843A CN 105198843 A CN105198843 A CN 105198843A CN 201510616708 A CN201510616708 A CN 201510616708A CN 105198843 A CN105198843 A CN 105198843A
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CN105198843B (en
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战付旭
郑庚修
姜守相
张启龙
杨倩
刘庆东
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University of Jinan
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    • C07D307/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/34Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
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Abstract

The invention relates to a one-pot synthesizing method of 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-glyoxalic acid and belongs to the technical field of medical intermediate preparation. The invention provides a novel method for synthesizing the 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-glyoxalic acid through two-step one port reaction of furfural and nitromethane. The one-pot synthesizing method of the 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-glyoxalic acid has the advantages that the reaction condition is mild, materials are low in cost and easy to obtain, and the method is suitable for industrial large-scale production.

Description

2-(呋喃-2-基)-2-氧代乙酸的一锅合成方法One-pot synthesis of 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid

技术领域:Technical field:

本发明属于化学合成技术领域,涉及一种重要的医药中间体2-(呋喃-2-基)-2-氧代乙酸的一锅法合成。 The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical synthesis and relates to a one-pot synthesis of an important pharmaceutical intermediate 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid.

背景技术:Background technique:

2-(呋喃-2-基)-2-氧代乙酸,又名呋喃酮酸是生产抗生素头孢呋辛的重要中间体之一,它具有如下结构: 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid, also known as furanonic acid, is one of the important intermediates in the production of the antibiotic cefuroxime. It has the following structure:

头孢呋辛是一种非经胃肠给药的广谱头孢素菌类抗生素,在生产中该药需经半合成来得到,而呋喃酮酸是其重要中间体之一。 Cefuroxime is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic for parenteral administration, which needs to be obtained by semi-synthesis in production, and furanonic acid is one of its important intermediates.

专利201010584693涉及了由2-呋喃甲酸合成呋喃酮酸的方法。该方法首先将2-呋喃甲酸与三氯化磷在搪瓷反应釜中进行氯代反应,得到呋喃甲酰氯。后者再在反应釜中与氰化钠进行氰化反应,最后进行水解可得到呋喃酮酸。该发明方法条件较为苛刻,而且用到了剧毒化合物氰化钠,具有较大的危险性。 Patent 201010584693 relates to a method for synthesizing furanonic acid from 2-furancarboxylic acid. In the method, 2-furancarboxylic acid and phosphorus trichloride are first chlorinated in an enamel reaction kettle to obtain furoyl chloride. The latter is then cyanided with sodium cyanide in the reactor, and finally hydrolyzed to obtain furanone acid. The conditions of the inventive method are relatively harsh, and the highly toxic compound sodium cyanide is used, which has great danger.

专利200910097425涉及了呋喃酮酸的合成方法。该方法是由亚硝酸钠和乙酰呋喃反应,经过肟化、重排、水解来得到呋喃酮酸。本发明采用了58~60oC的肟化反应温度,糠酸的生成率小于1%,提高了产率。专利201210334531进一步改进了上述方法,加入金属盐催化这一肟化反应,使得最终呋喃酮酸的产率得到进一步提高。该方法同时提及可以在氧化完成之后,直接对所得溶液进行酸化,并用于下一步反应的新方法,具有较高的借鉴价值。 Patent 200910097425 relates to the synthesis method of furanonic acid. In the method, sodium nitrite and acetylfuran are reacted to obtain furanonic acid through oximation, rearrangement and hydrolysis. The present invention adopts the oximation reaction temperature of 58-60oC, the formation rate of furoic acid is less than 1%, and the yield is improved. Patent 201210334531 further improved the above method, adding metal salts to catalyze the oximation reaction, so that the final yield of furanonic acid was further improved. The method also mentions a new method that can directly acidify the obtained solution after the oxidation is completed, and use it for the next reaction, which has a high reference value.

然而上述方法用到的主要原料乙酰呋喃价格较高,成为生产呋喃酮酸的主要成本来源。因此寻求重新设计的合成路线,以价格更加便宜的糠醛作为原料来生产呋喃酮酸就成为非常有意义的事情。 However, the price of acetylfuran, the main raw material used in the above method, is relatively high, which becomes the main source of cost for the production of furanonic acid. Therefore, it is very meaningful to seek a redesigned synthetic route and use cheaper furfural as a raw material to produce furanonic acid.

发明内容:Invention content:

本发明提供了一种医药中间体2-(呋喃-2-基)-2-氧代乙酸的一锅法合成方法(如下式所示)。 The invention provides a one-pot method for synthesizing a pharmaceutical intermediate 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid (shown in the following formula).

具体步骤为:The specific steps are:

步骤1) step 1)

将糠醛(0.96~96.1g,10.0~1000mmol)溶于甲醇与水的混合溶液(甲醇与水,体积比1:4,20~2000mL)中,加入硝基甲烷(0.64~640mL,12.0~1200mmol,1.2eq)、碱(1.0~100mmol,0.1eq)和相转移催化剂(1.0~100mmol,0.1eq),室温进行反应5h。TLC检测反应完成之后,将反应液直接用于下一步反应。 Dissolve furfural (0.96~96.1g, 10.0~1000mmol) in a mixed solution of methanol and water (methanol and water, volume ratio 1:4, 20~2000mL), add nitromethane (0.64~640mL, 12.0~1200mmol, 1.2eq), base (1.0~100mmol, 0.1eq) and phase transfer catalyst (1.0~100mmol, 0.1eq), react at room temperature for 5h. After the completion of the reaction detected by TLC, the reaction solution was directly used for the next reaction.

步骤2) Step 2)

向步骤1)中的反应液中加入乙酸(4~400mL),调节体系中乙酸:甲醇:水的比例为1:1:4,之后向体系中加入铜盐(1.0~100mmol,0.1eq),升温至90oC,并向体系中鼓入空气进行反应3h。待反应完成,冷却到室温将体系中的乙酸和甲醇通过旋转蒸发仪脱除得到含有产品的悬浊液,之后使用盐酸调节溶液的pH值为3,得到2-(呋喃-2-基)-2-氧代乙酸的溶液,液相检测转化率为85~90%,该溶液可直接用于下一步反应,制备呋喃铵盐产品。 Add acetic acid (4~400mL) to the reaction solution in step 1), adjust the ratio of acetic acid:methanol:water in the system to 1:1:4, then add copper salt (1.0~100mmol, 0.1eq) to the system, The temperature was raised to 90oC, and air was blown into the system to react for 3h. After the reaction is completed, cool to room temperature and remove the acetic acid and methanol in the system by a rotary evaporator to obtain a suspension containing the product, then use hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to 3 to obtain 2-(furan-2-yl)- The solution of 2-oxoacetic acid has a liquid phase detection conversion rate of 85-90%, and the solution can be directly used in the next reaction to prepare furan ammonium salt products.

本发明的有益效果为:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

使用廉价易得的糠醛为主要原料,在温和的条件下经过两步一锅的反应,合成重要的医药中间体2-(呋喃-2-基)-2-氧代乙酸。本发明避开了之前工业上合成2-(呋喃-2-基)-2-氧代乙酸的常用方法,使得该产品的生产成本大大降低,并适合工业化规模的生产。 Using cheap and easily available furfural as the main raw material, the important pharmaceutical intermediate 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid was synthesized through a two-step one-pot reaction under mild conditions. The present invention avoids the previous common method for industrially synthesizing 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid, greatly reduces the production cost of the product, and is suitable for industrial scale production.

具体实施方式:Detailed ways:

实施例1:Example 1:

步骤1) step 1)

将糠醛(0.96g,10.0mmol)溶于甲醇与水的混合溶液(甲醇与水,体积比1:4,20mL)中,加入硝基甲烷(0.64mL,12.0mmol,1.2eq)、氢氧化钾(0.06g,1.0mmol,0.1eq)和苄基三乙基氯化铵(0.23g,1.0mmol,0.1eq),室温进行反应5h。TLC检测反应完成之后,将反应液直接用于下一步反应。 Dissolve furfural (0.96g, 10.0mmol) in a mixed solution of methanol and water (methanol and water, volume ratio 1:4, 20mL), add nitromethane (0.64mL, 12.0mmol, 1.2eq), potassium hydroxide (0.06g, 1.0mmol, 0.1eq) and benzyltriethylammonium chloride (0.23g, 1.0mmol, 0.1eq), react at room temperature for 5h. After the completion of the reaction detected by TLC, the reaction solution was directly used for the next reaction.

步骤2) step 2)

向步骤1)中的反应液中加入乙酸(4mL),调节体系中乙酸:甲醇:水的比例为1:1:4,之后向体系中加入一水合醋酸铜(0.20g,1.0mmol,0.1eq),升温至90oC,并向体系中鼓入空气进行反应3h。待反应完成,冷却到室温将体系中的乙酸和甲醇通过旋转蒸发仪脱除得到含有产品的悬浊液,之后使用盐酸调节溶液的pH值为3,得到2-(呋喃-2-基)-2-氧代乙酸的溶液,液相检测转化率为88%。 Add acetic acid (4mL) to the reaction solution in step 1), adjust the ratio of acetic acid:methanol:water in the system to 1:1:4, and then add copper acetate monohydrate (0.20g, 1.0mmol, 0.1eq ), the temperature was raised to 90oC, and air was blown into the system to react for 3h. After the reaction is completed, cool to room temperature and remove the acetic acid and methanol in the system by a rotary evaporator to obtain a suspension containing the product, then use hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to 3 to obtain 2-(furan-2-yl)- The solution of 2-oxoacetic acid has a liquid phase detection conversion rate of 88%.

实施例2:Example 2:

步骤1) step 1)

将糠醛(9.6g,100.0mmol)溶于甲醇与水的混合溶液(甲醇与水,体积比1:4,200mL)中,加入硝基甲烷(6.4mL,120.0mmol,1.2eq)、氢氧化钠(0.40g,10.0mmol,0.1eq)和十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(2.63g,10.0mmol,0.1eq),室温进行反应5h。TLC检测反应完成之后,将反应液直接用于下一步反应。 Dissolve furfural (9.6g, 100.0mmol) in a mixed solution of methanol and water (methanol and water, volume ratio 1:4, 200mL), add nitromethane (6.4mL, 120.0mmol, 1.2eq), sodium hydroxide (0.40g, 10.0mmol, 0.1eq) and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (2.63g, 10.0mmol, 0.1eq), react at room temperature for 5h. After the completion of the reaction detected by TLC, the reaction solution was directly used for the next reaction.

步骤2) step 2)

向步骤1)中的反应液中加入乙酸(40mL),调节体系中乙酸:甲醇:水的比例为1:1:4,之后向体系中加入氯化铜(1.3g,1.0mmol,0.1eq),升温至90oC,并向体系中鼓入空气进行反应3h。待反应完成,冷却到室温将体系中的乙酸和甲醇通过旋转蒸发仪脱除得到含有产品的悬浊液,之后使用盐酸调节溶液的pH值为3,得到2-(呋喃-2-基)-2-氧代乙酸的溶液,液相检测转化率为89%。 Add acetic acid (40mL) to the reaction solution in step 1), adjust the ratio of acetic acid:methanol:water in the system to 1:1:4, then add copper chloride (1.3g, 1.0mmol, 0.1eq) to the system , the temperature was raised to 90oC, and air was blown into the system to react for 3h. After the reaction is completed, cool to room temperature and remove the acetic acid and methanol in the system by a rotary evaporator to obtain a suspension containing the product, then use hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to 3 to obtain 2-(furan-2-yl)- The solution of 2-oxoacetic acid has a liquid phase detection conversion rate of 89%.

实施例3:Example 3:

步骤1) step 1)

将糠醛(96.1g,1000mmol)溶于甲醇与水的混合溶液(甲醇与水,体积比1:4,2000mL)中,加入硝基甲烷(640mL,1200mmol,1.2eq)、氢氧化钠(4.0g,100mmol,0.1eq)和四丁基氯化铵(27.8g,100mmol,0.1eq),室温进行反应5h。TLC检测反应完成之后,将反应液直接用于下一步反应。 Dissolve furfural (96.1g, 1000mmol) in a mixed solution of methanol and water (methanol and water, volume ratio 1:4, 2000mL), add nitromethane (640mL, 1200mmol, 1.2eq), sodium hydroxide (4.0g , 100mmol, 0.1eq) and tetrabutylammonium chloride (27.8g, 100mmol, 0.1eq), react at room temperature for 5h. After the completion of the reaction detected by TLC, the reaction solution was directly used for the next reaction.

步骤2) step 2)

向步骤1)中的反应液中加入乙酸(400mL),调节体系中乙酸:甲醇:水的比例为1:1:4,之后向体系中加入一水合醋酸铜(20.0g,1.0mmol,0.1eq),升温至90oC,并向体系中鼓入空气进行反应3h。待反应完成,冷却到室温将体系中的乙酸和甲醇通过旋转蒸发仪脱除得到含有产品的悬浊液,之后使用盐酸调节溶液的pH值为3,得到2-(呋喃-2-基)-2-氧代乙酸的溶液,液相检测转化率为89%。 Add acetic acid (400mL) to the reaction solution in step 1), adjust the ratio of acetic acid:methanol:water in the system to 1:1:4, then add copper acetate monohydrate (20.0g, 1.0mmol, 0.1eq ), the temperature was raised to 90oC, and air was blown into the system to react for 3h. After the reaction is completed, cool to room temperature and remove the acetic acid and methanol in the system by a rotary evaporator to obtain a suspension containing the product, then use hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value of the solution to 3 to obtain 2-(furan-2-yl)- The solution of 2-oxoacetic acid has a liquid phase detection conversion rate of 89%.

上述虽然结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术人员应该明白,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。 Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the examples, it is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1.一种一锅法合成2-(呋喃-2-基)-2-氧代乙酸的方法,以糠醛和硝基甲烷为原料,在碱性的甲醇-水溶液中,发生Adol-Henry反应,随后向反应体系中加入二价的铜盐和乙酸,并通入空气进行氧化,得到2-(呋喃-2-基)-2-氧代乙酸,包括以下步骤: 1. a method for one-pot synthesis of 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid, with furfural and nitromethane as raw material, in alkaline methanol-water solution, Adol-Henry reaction occurs, Add divalent copper salt and acetic acid in reaction system subsequently, and feed into air and carry out oxidation, obtain 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid, comprise the following steps: 步骤1)常温下,将糠醛和硝基甲烷溶于甲醇-水溶液中,向其中加入催化量的碱和相转移催化剂,常温进行反应,TLC检测反应进度,待糠醛反应完毕,直接用于下一步反应 Step 1) Dissolve furfural and nitromethane in methanol-water solution at room temperature, add a catalytic amount of alkali and a phase transfer catalyst to it, react at room temperature, check the progress of the reaction by TLC, and use it directly in the next step after the furfural reaction is complete reaction 步骤2)向1-(呋喃-2-基)-2-硝基乙醇的溶液中加入乙酸和水调节至适当比例,之后加入二价铜盐,通入空气加热到90oC进行反应,经TLC检测反应完成,旋转蒸发仪除去混合液中的甲醇和乙酸,以乙酸乙酯萃取水相三次,经活性炭脱色,蒸干得到2-(呋喃-2-基)-2-氧代乙酸粗品。 Step 2) Add acetic acid and water to the solution of 1-(furan-2-yl)-2-nitroethanol to adjust to an appropriate ratio, then add divalent copper salt, heat to 90oC with air for reaction, and detect by TLC After the reaction was completed, the methanol and acetic acid in the mixture were removed by a rotary evaporator, the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate, decolorized by activated carbon, and evaporated to dryness to obtain crude 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid. 2.如权利1要求所述的1-(呋喃-2-基)-2-硝基乙醇的合成方法,其特征是,步骤1)中糠醛、硝基甲烷、碱和相转移催化剂的摩尔比为1:1.2:0.1:0.1;甲醇和水的比例为1:4;反应温度为室温(25oC),反应时间为5h。 2. the synthetic method of 1-(furan-2-base)-2-nitroethanol as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, step 1) in the mol ratio of furfural, nitromethane, alkali and phase transfer catalyst It is 1:1.2:0.1:0.1; the ratio of methanol and water is 1:4; the reaction temperature is room temperature (25oC), and the reaction time is 5h. 3.如权利1要求所述的1-(呋喃-2-基)-2-硝基乙醇的合成方法,其特征是,步骤1)中的碱可以是碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾和碳酸铯等,其中以氢氧化钠为最佳。 3. the synthetic method of 1-(furan-2-base)-2-nitroethanol as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the alkali in step 1) can be sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide and cesium carbonate, among which sodium hydroxide is the best. 4.如权利1要求所述的1-(呋喃-2-基)-2-硝基乙醇的合成方法,其特征是,步骤1)中的相转移催化剂可以是苄基三乙基氯化铵(TEBA)、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基氯化铵、三辛基甲基氯化铵、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、十四烷基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)等,其中以十二烷基三甲基氯化铵为最佳。 4. the synthetic method of 1-(furan-2-yl)-2-nitroethanol as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the phase transfer catalyst in step 1) can be benzyltriethylammonium chloride (TEBA), tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium chloride, trioctylmethylammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride, Hexaalkyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB), etc., among which dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride is the best. 5.如权利1要求所述的2-(呋喃-2-基)-2-氧代乙酸的合成方法,其特征是,步骤2)中加入乙酸,调节甲醇:乙酸:水的体积比为1:1:4;加入的铜盐相对于步骤1)中糠醛的比例为10%;反应温度为90oC;反应时间为3h。 5. The synthetic method of 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in step 2), acetic acid is added to adjust methanol: acetic acid: the volume ratio of water is 1 : 1:4; the ratio of the added copper salt to furfural in step 1) is 10%; the reaction temperature is 90oC; the reaction time is 3h. 6.如权利1要求所述的2-(呋喃-2-基)-2-氧代乙酸的合成方法,其特征是,步骤2)中的铜盐可以是硫酸铜、氯化铜、溴化铜、硝酸铜、乙酸铜、碘化亚铜等,其中以乙酸铜为最佳。 6. The synthetic method of 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-oxoacetic acid as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the copper salt in step 2) can be copper sulfate, copper chloride, bromide Copper, copper nitrate, copper acetate, cuprous iodide, etc., among which copper acetate is the best. 7.如权利1要求所述的步骤1)中糠醛的摩尔量可以从10.0到1000mmol。 7. The molar amount of furfural in step 1) as claimed in claim 1 can be from 10.0 to 1000mmol.
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