CN105191871B - 一种人工养殖蟑螂的方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
本发明提供一种人工养殖蟑螂的方法,涉及特种养殖技术领域,建立蟑螂养殖所,养殖所内均匀铺设一层5cm的垫料,在垫料上放置一些废旧轮胎、砖瓦块、锯末和煤渣块,废旧轮胎、砖瓦块和煤渣块堆叠在一起,之间的间隙保留在3‑4cm,间隙内填充有垫料,并保持间隙容积50%的填充量,养殖所内湿度为25%,养殖所内空气相对湿度为73%,养殖所内温度保持在32℃。本发明的人工养殖蟑螂的方法,可提高蟑螂的成活率,人工投喂食料的同时,蟑螂还可以从垫料中获取所需的食物,避免因投喂不均而导致部分蟑螂死亡或生长缓慢。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及特种养殖技术领域,尤其涉及一种人工养殖蟑螂的方法。
背景技术
大部分人都很憎恨蟑螂,还有一些人花了相当多的时间和气力想除掉它们。但很少有人知道,蟑螂可以成为财富。
蟑螂烘焙后可以作为生肌止血,促进伤口愈合的的药物,见于古方。由于蟑螂可以作为药材、蛋白质资源以及畜禽和水产养殖的饲料,其具有良好的经济价值,因此人工进行大量养殖蟑螂。目前人工养殖蟑螂还不多,养殖技术也不够成熟,对于如何提高人工养殖的成活率和生长速率,还需要不断的总结与研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种人工养殖蟑螂的方法,以解决上述技术问题。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现:
一种人工养殖蟑螂的方法,其特征在于:
建立蟑螂养殖所,养殖所内均匀铺设一层5cm的垫料,在垫料上放置一些废旧轮胎、砖瓦块、锯末和煤渣块,废旧轮胎、砖瓦块和煤渣块堆叠在一起,之间的间隙保留在3-4cm,间隙内填充有垫料,并保持间隙容积50%的填充量,养殖所内湿度为25%,养殖所内空气相对湿度为73%,养殖所内温度保持在32℃;
蟑螂养殖所内的垫料每15天更换一次,更换养殖所内的垫料时,要先将养殖所内的蟑螂转移到其它养殖所内,转移蟑螂的方法是将两个养殖所连通,在原来的养殖所内放置蟑螂驱散剂,使蟑螂主动跑到另外一个养殖所内,蟑螂转移完成后,再将原来养殖所内的垫料更换掉;
蟑螂养殖过程中,每次投喂配合食料的重量为蟑螂体重的30%;
垫料是由如下重量份的原料制备而成:超微麸皮30份、豆渣45份、豆粕5份、山药多糖0.2份、冬瓜粉2.5份、矫味剂2份、纤维素粉8份、沙土150份、杉树皮8份、木屑6份、玉米芯5份、石膏3份、石灰3.5份、啤酒酵母15份、防腐剂2.5份;
垫料制备方法,步骤如下:
1)按比例称取超微麸皮30份、豆渣45份、豆粕5份、纤维素粉8份,混合后进行膨化,激活物料的全部有效成份,制得膨化物料;膨化条件为:温度85℃,压力1.5-4.0Mpa,转速50-80转/分,时间30-60分钟;
2)将膨化物料与山药多糖0.2份、冬瓜粉2.5份和矫味剂2份进行混合,再添加适量温水,水温42℃,搅拌使物料呈糊状;
3)将上述糊状物料在发酵罐内进行发酵,其中罐内温度32℃-45℃,压力2.0-3.8mpa,时间50-90分钟;
4)发酵完成后将物料取出烘干,然后粉碎成芝麻粒般大小的颗粒;
5)在将粉碎后的物料与沙土150份、杉树皮8份、木屑6份、玉米芯5份、石膏3份、石灰3.5份、啤酒酵母15份、防腐剂2.5份按比例混合均匀后,即制得垫料;
上述超微麸皮的制备方法如下:
1)将新鲜小麦麸皮过筛除杂后送入冷冻设备进行冷冻处理,在零下20℃环境下冷冻4-5小时;经过冷冻处理使麸皮稳定化,确保营养物质不流失;
2)将步骤1)中冷冻后的麸皮送入研磨机,连续研磨2小时,过200目筛,倒入反应釜中边搅拌边注入蒸气,在反应釜内的蒸气温度达到130℃的条件下,充分搅拌,使物料受热均匀,加热搅拌30-60分钟;
3)将步骤2)中加热后的物料放在冷冻床上,在0℃-2℃条件下冷藏24小时,使其结晶凝沉,使水分子从物料中析漓出来;
4)将步骤3)中析漓水分子后的物料块送入真空滚揉机,连续滚揉2小时,使物料块软化、破碎;
5)将滚揉后的物料送入烘干机,在65-70℃的环境下低温烘干,使其水分含量在14%以内;
6)将步骤5)中烘干的物料利用球磨机球磨至400目即成。
所述矫味剂是由以下重量份数的组分混制而成:硬脂醇9份、甘草粉0.2份、海藻酸钠2份、虾粉1.5份、丁香粉1.2份、β-环糊精0.4份、金银花提取物0.3份、紫甘薯花青素0.3份、肌苷酸钠0.3份。
所述蟑螂驱散剂是由如下重量份的原料制备而成:
槟榔7份、槐花12份、楝叶10份、鬼箭羽5份、鹤虱7份、罗望子12份、佛手6份、长生花3份、风茄花4份、苦楝皮9份、使君子8份、雷丸3份、川木通6份、枇杷叶10份、旱莲草12份、玄参8份,石苇10份、鱼腥草15份、碳粉12份、脂肪酸树脂7份、羟基丙烯酸树脂15份、醛酮树脂6份、醋酸丁酯12份、二甲苯5份、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯4份、百草霜45份;
按重量比称取槟榔7份、槐花12份、楝叶10份、鬼箭羽5份、鹤虱7份、罗望子12份、佛手6份、长生花3份、风茄花4份、苦楝皮9份、使君子8份、雷丸3份、川木通6份、枇杷叶10份、旱莲草12份、玄参8份,石苇10份、鱼腥草15份,混合后加入600份的水,煎煮30min,过滤,取药液,喷雾干燥制成药粉,将药粉与碳粉12份、脂肪酸树脂7份、羟基丙烯酸树脂15份、醛酮树脂6份、醋酸丁酯12份、二甲苯5份、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯4份、百草霜45份混合,加热至185℃搅拌混料,冷却后即得蟑螂驱散剂。
本发明使用蟑螂驱散剂对蟑螂进行转移,大大降低了转移蟑螂的工作量,蟑螂在驱散剂的作用下,被驱赶到另外一个养殖所内,整个转移过程中,蟑螂都是自行转移,避免了传统方式使用工具夹取,容易伤害到蟑螂的缺陷;蟑螂驱散剂主要采用中药提取成份,并与树脂类物质共同作用,达到驱离蟑螂的作用,树脂类物质对中药提取成份具有一定的包覆作用,避免中药提取物与蟑螂体表直接接触。
本发明的垫料疏松透气性好,可作为蟑螂栖息和繁殖场所,以及蟑螂幼虫初期生长的栖息场所,蟑螂在垫料栖息的同时可从垫料中采食,垫料可为蟑螂生长提供丰富的食料,克服了传统方式投喂食料不均匀,蟑螂不能随时采食的缺陷,大大提高了蟑螂的生长、繁殖速度,养殖成活率高。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的人工养殖蟑螂的方法,可提高蟑螂的成活率,人工投喂食料的同时,蟑螂还可以从垫料中获取所需的食物,避免因投喂不均而导致部分蟑螂死亡或生长缓慢。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明,但下述实施例仅仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非全部。基于实施方式中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得其它实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
人工养殖蟑螂的方法,
建立蟑螂养殖所,养殖所内均匀铺设一层5cm的垫料,在垫料上放置一些废旧轮胎、砖瓦块、锯末和煤渣块,废旧轮胎、砖瓦块和煤渣块堆叠在一起,之间的间隙保留在3-4cm,间隙内填充有垫料,并保持间隙容积50%的填充量,养殖所内湿度为25%,养殖所内空气相对湿度为73%,养殖所内温度保持在32℃;
蟑螂养殖所内的垫料每15天更换一次,更换养殖所内的垫料时,要先将养殖所内的蟑螂转移到其它养殖所内,转移蟑螂的方法是将两个养殖所连通,在原来的养殖所内放置蟑螂驱散剂,使蟑螂主动跑到另外一个养殖所内,蟑螂转移完成后,再将原来养殖所内的垫料更换掉;
蟑螂养殖过程中,每次投喂配合食料的重量为蟑螂体重的30%;
配合食料由如下重量份的原料制备而成:琼脂15份、麦胚粉120份、黄豆粉33份、酵母粉14份、蔗糖10份、山梨酸1.5份、尼泊金乙酯1.5份、抗坏血酸3.5份、维生素4份、甘草粉6份、黄粉虫份8份、豆腐渣6.5份、杨树皮干粉3份、杏鲍菇菌渣3份、鸡粪0.5份、鸡蛋黄6份、猪肝1.5份、庆大霉素0.001份、胆固醇0.005份、肌醇0.002份、甲壳素0.3份、抗菌肽0.3份;
将琼脂15份加入750份的水稀释,搅拌均匀,加热至沸腾维持10分钟,依次加入麦胚粉120份、黄豆粉33份、酵母粉14份、蔗糖10份、山梨酸1.5份、尼泊金乙酯1.5份、抗坏血酸3.5份、维生素4份、甘草粉6份,搅拌均匀后干燥、制粒,制得琼脂组合物;
取黄粉虫份8份、豆腐渣6.5份、杨树皮干粉3份、杏鲍菇菌渣3份、鸡粪0.5份、鸡蛋黄6份、猪肝1.5份均匀混合,加入50份的水,置于发酵罐中发酵36小时,发酵罐内的温度为45℃,压力为2.5mpa,然后用氮气排空发酵罐内的空气,排空过程中,持续搅拌发酵罐内的物料,保持氮气环境3小时;再将发酵罐抽真空,保持30min;再向发酵罐内冲入氮气将发酵罐内产生的其它气体完全排出,保持氮气环境3小时;再将发酵罐内抽真空,保持20min;将发酵罐内的物料取放置在混料装置中,依次加入庆大霉素0.001份、胆固醇0.005份、肌醇0.002份、甲壳素0.3份、抗菌肽0.3份,充分搅拌混合均匀,即得配合食料;
垫料是由如下重量份的原料制备而成:超微麸皮30份、豆渣45份、豆粕5份、山药多糖0.2份、冬瓜粉2.5份、矫味剂2份、纤维素粉8份、沙土150份、杉树皮8份、木屑6份、玉米芯5份、石膏3份、石灰3.5份、啤酒酵母15份、防腐剂2.5份;
垫料制备方法,步骤如下:
1)按比例称取超微麸皮30份、豆渣45份、豆粕5份、纤维素粉8份,混合后进行膨化,激活物料的全部有效成份,制得膨化物料;膨化条件为:温度85℃,压力1.5-4.0Mpa,转速50-80转/分,时间30-60分钟;
2)将膨化物料与山药多糖0.2份、冬瓜粉2.5份和矫味剂2份进行混合,再添加适量温水,水温42℃,搅拌使物料呈糊状;
3)将上述糊状物料在发酵罐内进行发酵,其中罐内温度32℃-45℃,压力2.0-3.8mpa,时间50-90分钟;
4)发酵完成后将物料取出烘干,然后粉碎成芝麻粒般大小的颗粒;
5)在将粉碎后的物料与沙土150份、杉树皮8份、木屑6份、玉米芯5份、石膏3份、石灰3.5份、啤酒酵母15份、防腐剂2.5份按比例混合均匀后,即制得垫料。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的仅为本发明的优选例,并不用来限制本发明,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (1)
1.一种人工养殖蟑螂的方法,其特征在于:
建立蟑螂养殖所,养殖所内均匀铺设一层5cm的垫料,在垫料上放置一些废旧轮胎、砖瓦块、锯末和煤渣块,废旧轮胎、砖瓦块和煤渣块堆叠在一起,之间的间隙保留在3-4cm,间隙内填充有垫料,并保持间隙容积50%的填充量,养殖所内空气相对湿度为73%,养殖所内温度保持在32℃;
蟑螂养殖所内的垫料每15天更换一次,更换养殖所内的垫料时,要先将养殖所内的蟑螂转移到其它养殖所内,转移蟑螂的方法是将两个养殖所连通,在原来的养殖所内放置蟑螂驱散剂,使蟑螂主动跑到另外一个养殖所内,蟑螂转移完成后,再将原来养殖所内的垫料更换掉;
蟑螂养殖过程中,每次投喂配合食料的重量为蟑螂体重的30%;
配合食料由如下重量份的原料制备而成:琼脂15份、麦胚粉120份、黄豆粉33份、酵母粉14份、蔗糖10份、山梨酸1.5份、尼泊金乙酯1.5份、抗坏血酸3.5份、维生素4份、甘草粉6份、黄粉虫粉8份、豆腐渣6.5份、杨树皮干粉3份、杏鲍菇菌渣3份、鸡粪0.5份、鸡蛋黄6份、猪肝1.5份、庆大霉素0.001份、胆固醇0.005份、肌醇0.002份、甲壳素0.3份、抗菌肽0.3份;
将琼脂15份加入750份的水稀释,搅拌均匀,加热至沸腾维持10分钟,依次加入麦胚粉120份、黄豆粉33份、酵母粉14份、蔗糖10份、山梨酸1.5份、尼泊金乙酯1.5份、抗坏血酸3.5份、维生素4份、甘草粉6份,搅拌均匀后干燥、制粒,制得琼脂组合物;
取黄粉虫粉8份、豆腐渣6.5份、杨树皮干粉3份、杏鲍菇菌渣3份、鸡粪0.5份、鸡蛋黄6份、猪肝1.5份均匀混合,加入50份的水,置于发酵罐中发酵36小时,发酵罐内的温度为45℃,压力为2.5mpa,然后用氮气排空发酵罐内的空气,排空过程中,持续搅拌发酵罐内的物料,保持氮气环境3小时;再将发酵罐抽真空,保持30min;再向发酵罐内冲入氮气将发酵罐内产生的其它气体完全排出,保持氮气环境3小时;再将发酵罐内抽真空,保持20min;将发酵罐内的物料取出放置在混料装置中,依次加入庆大霉素0.001份、胆固醇0.005份、肌醇0.002份、甲壳素0.3份、抗菌肽0.3份,充分搅拌混合均匀,即得配合食料;
垫料是由如下重量份的原料制备而成:超微麸皮30份、豆渣45份、豆粕5份、山药多糖0.2份、冬瓜粉2.5份、矫味剂2份、纤维素粉8份、沙土150份、杉树皮8份、木屑6份、玉米芯5份、石膏3份、石灰3.5份、啤酒酵母15份、防腐剂2.5份;
垫料制备方法,步骤如下:
1)按比例称取超微麸皮30份、豆渣45份、豆粕5份、纤维素粉8份,混合后进行膨化,激活物料的全部有效成分,制得膨化物料;膨化条件为:温度85℃,压力1.5-4.0Mpa,转速50-80转/分,时间30-60分钟;
2)将膨化物料与山药多糖0.2份、冬瓜粉2.5份和矫味剂2份进行混合,再添加适量温水,水温42℃,搅拌使物料呈糊状;
3)将上述糊状物料在发酵罐内进行发酵,其中罐内温度32℃-45℃,压力2.0-3.8mpa,时间50-90分钟;
4)发酵完成后将物料取出烘干,然后粉碎成芝麻粒般大小的颗粒;
5)在将粉碎后的物料与沙土150份、杉树皮8份、木屑6份、玉米芯5份、石膏3份、石灰3.5份、啤酒酵母15份、防腐剂2.5份按比例混合均匀后,即制得垫料;
上述超微麸皮的制备方法如下:
1)将新鲜小麦麸皮过筛除杂后送入冷冻设备进行冷冻处理,在零下20℃环境下冷冻4-5小时;经过冷冻处理使麸皮稳定化,确保营养物质不流失;
2)将步骤1)中冷冻后的麸皮送入研磨机,连续研磨2小时,过200目筛,倒入反应釜中边搅拌边注入蒸气,在反应釜内的蒸气温度达到130℃的条件下,充分搅拌,使物料受热均匀,加热搅拌30-60分钟;
3)将步骤2)中加热后的物料放在冷冻床上,在0℃-2℃条件下冷藏24小时,使其结晶凝沉,使水分子从物料中析漓出来;
4)将步骤3)中析漓水分子后的物料块送入真空滚揉机,连续滚揉2小时,使物料块软化、破碎;
5)将滚揉后的物料送入烘干机,在65-70℃的环境下低温烘干,使其水分含量在14%以内;
6)将步骤5)中烘干的物料利用球磨机球磨至400目即成;
所述矫味剂是由以下重量份数的组分混制而成:硬脂醇9份、甘草粉0.2份、海藻酸钠2份、虾粉1.5份、丁香粉1.2份、β-环糊精0.4份、金银花提取物0.3份、紫甘薯花青素0.3份、肌苷酸钠0.3份;
所述蟑螂驱散剂是由如下重量份的原料制备而成:
槟榔7份、槐花12份、楝叶10份、鬼箭羽5份、鹤虱7份、罗望子12份、佛手6份、长生花3份、风茄花4份、苦楝皮9份、使君子8份、雷丸3份、川木通6份、枇杷叶10份、旱莲草12份、玄参8份,石苇10份、鱼腥草15份、碳粉12份、脂肪酸树脂7份、羟基丙烯酸树脂15份、醛酮树脂6份、醋酸丁酯12份、二甲苯5份、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯4份、百草霜45份;
按重量比称取槟榔7份、槐花12份、楝叶10份、鬼箭羽5份、鹤虱7份、罗望子12份、佛手6份、长生花3份、风茄花4份、苦楝皮9份、使君子8份、雷丸3份、川木通6份、枇杷叶10份、旱莲草12份、玄参8份,石苇10份、鱼腥草15份,混合后加入600份的水,煎煮30min,过滤,取药液,喷雾干燥制成药粉,将药粉与碳粉12份、脂肪酸树脂7份、羟基丙烯酸树脂15份、醛酮树脂6份、醋酸丁酯12份、二甲苯5份、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯4份、百草霜45份混合,加热至185℃搅拌混料,冷却后即得蟑螂驱散剂。
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