CN105189931A - 使用钎焊表面纹理化的超合金箔进行的部件修复 - Google Patents
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Abstract
通过使用纹理化修复箔(30)来修复超合金部件,例如具有陶瓷热屏障涂层(41)的燃气涡轮发动机叶片(40)。热屏障涂层的退化区域被去除(14)并且底层超合金材料表面被制备(16)以用于再次涂覆。修复箔包括一层无硼钎焊材料(34)和具有纹理化表面(36)的一层超合金材料(32)。在有效地均质化钎料(20)的固溶热处理期间箔被钎焊(18)到经制备表面。热屏障涂层(46)的新区域利用通过箔表面的纹理所增强的结合被施加到箔上。
Description
本申请要求于2013年3月15日提交的美国临时专利申请号61/787,153(代理人案号2013P05676US)的权益。
技术领域
本发明大体涉及材料科学领域,并且更具体地涉及修复具有热屏障涂层(TBC)的超合金燃气涡轮发动机部件。
背景技术
燃气涡轮发动机的热气体路径部件通常由超合金材料形成。术语"超合金"在此被用作其在本领域中的普遍使用的含义;即,在高温时具有优异的机械强度和抗蠕变能力的高度抗腐蚀且抗氧化的合金。超合金通常包括高镍或钴含量。超合金的示例包括以如下商标和品牌名称出售的合金:哈司特镍合金、因科镍合金(例如IN738、IN792、IN939)、雷内合金(例如ReneN5、Rene80、Rene142)、海钠合金、MarM、CM247、CM247LC、C283、718、X-750、ECY768、282、X45、PWA1483和CMSX(例如CMSX-4)单晶体合金。
现代的燃气涡轮发动机具有超过公知超合金材料的安全操作温度的点火温度,因此例如燃烧室、过渡管和前排旋转叶片和静止叶瓣的部件通常通过被施加到超合金材料的暴露表面的热屏障涂层被进一步保护。一种这样的热屏障涂层系统包括金属粘合涂层,例如MCrAlY材料,其被施加到超合金材料并且被例如钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)的陶瓷绝热材料所覆盖。
在发动机的操作期间,燃气涡轮发动机部件的热屏障涂层公知地经历退化,例如腐蚀、侵蚀、氧化、开裂、碎裂等等。特定部件的特定区域会最易于经历退化,例如翼型的前边缘或旋转叶片的平台或尖端。发动机被周期性地拆卸并检测,并且退化部件被去除以便酌情翻新或更换。热屏障涂层材料的退化区域可以借助于机械或化学手段被去除,底层基体材料酌情被检测和修复,并且施加新的热屏障涂层。部件还可经历固溶热处理以便恢复超合金材料的机械性质。
附图说明
参考附图在下文说明中解释了本发明,附图示出了:
图1是示出用于修复具有热屏障涂层的部件的方法的步骤的流程图。
图2是可以用于图1的方法中的修复箔的部分横截面图。
图3是具有被修复的前边缘的燃气涡轮发动机叶片的透视图,通过使用剖切图来图释前边缘的材料层。
图4是包括粘合涂层材料层的修复箔的部分横截面图。
具体实施方式
虽然现有修复技术有效地用于使得一些燃气涡轮热气体路径部件返回到使用,但是经修复部件保持易受到与原始导致部件退化相同的退化类型的伤害。本发明人已经研发出不仅修复退化部件还能够降低经修复部件对在返回到使用后所经历的损坏条件的易伤性的工艺。有利地,当本发明的工艺被应用到离开服役的部件的退化区域时,因此对部件的最脆弱(先前退化的)区域精确地做出改进,从而将经修复部件的使用寿命潜在地延长到超出新部件所实现的程度。此外,本发明的工艺能够在新部件的制造期间被应用以便当从其他部件上的经历或从分析预测得知这样的脆弱区域时延长新部件的使用寿命。
参考图1描述了根据本发明的一种实施例的方法。本领域技术人员将意识到图1中示出的一些步骤是可选的并且可以不包括在另一些实施例中。例如超合金燃气涡轮叶片的部件离开服役(10)并且经受检测(12)。部件的热屏障涂层的退化区域通过任何公知工艺被去除(14)以便暴露底层超合金基体材料。在已经修复了任意暴露的且可修复的瑕疵之后,暴露的基体材料通过清洁被制备(16)。之后,修复箔通过钎焊(18)被附接到被制备的基体材料,如下文更全面地讨论的。钎焊步骤(18)也可以用于在钎焊材料流入暴露的基体材料表面中的小中断内时修复所述中断。钎料通过热处理被均质化(20),该热处理有利地与固溶热处理同时进行,该固溶热处理被用于恢复超合金基体材料的机械性质。新的更换热屏障涂层被施加到修复箔(22)上,并且部件返回服役(24)。
在图2中图释了可以用于本发明一种实施例的图1的步骤18中的修复箔30的实施例。箔30可以是包括与底层钎焊材料34连结的一层合金材料32的复合结构。箔30由于其较薄而有利地是柔性的,例如在一种实施例中是0.125"(3.175毫米)厚,从而允许其符合被修复的非平面表面。为了修复超合金燃气涡轮发动机部件,合金材料32可以是与部件或相容超合金材料相同的超合金材料,并且钎焊材料34可以是任意公知材料,包括无硼和硅的钎焊材料,如在共审未决美国专利申请号13/495,223(代理人案号2011P25126US01)中所述,该申请并入本文以供参考。
如图2中所示,箔30的与钎焊材料34相反的顶表面36可以被纹理化以便具有表面不平整,相比于在没有这种表面不平整时产生的至表面的类似粘合,该表面不平整被成尺寸且成形状为有效地提供与后施加的热屏障涂层的增强粘合。修复箔30的纹理化表面36可以由任意公知方法形成,例如通过蚀刻、电子束或激光雕刻或者通过使用有效地形成这种不平整的工艺而被铸造。一种这样的铸造工艺被描述在被受让给MikroSystems,Inc.的美国专利号7,411,204B2和相关专利中。替代性地,修复箔30可以使用火花等离子烧结工艺被形成,其中粉末钎焊材料34和粉末超合金材料32的相应层在模制设备的电极之间的压力和热量下被压实在一起,同时电流穿行在电极之间且通过粉末材料。由于电流导致在粉末的相邻颗粒之间发生局部加热,并且热和压力有效地将颗粒烧结在一起。与超合金粉末接触的电极使其表面制备成所需纹理化表面36的镜像,从而在箔30上形成纹理化表面36。
图3示出通过向叶片40的前边缘区域42施加修复箔30来修复的具有陶瓷热屏障涂层41的燃气涡轮发动机叶片40。图3以剖视图示出了前边缘42以便示出已制备的超合金基体材料44、上覆的修复箔30和新施加的热屏障涂层46的精整表面。公知的是,前边缘42经历热燃烧气体的直接撞击并且倾向于比叶片40的一些其他区域更快地退化。修复箔30被提前制备并且被切割成适当尺寸以便覆盖从前边缘42去除的退化的热屏障涂层的区域。修复箔30绕前边缘42包裹并且可以在钎焊连结工艺之前被钉在适当位置。替代性地,对于在要被修复的区域内具有冷却孔43的翼型,在钎焊之前,插头45可以被插入穿过箔30且进入底层冷却孔以便将箔30固定到底层已制备的基体材料44。在一种实施例中,插头45可以由陶瓷材料形成,该陶瓷材料防止钎焊材料在钎焊工艺期间进入孔43并且随后通过任意公知化学或机械工艺被去除。在另一实施例中,插头45可以由镍或有益于或至少无害于超合金基体材料44的其他金属或者合金形成。这样的金属或合金插头45可以在钎焊工艺期间熔化并且随后必要地话通过再次钻取冷却孔43被去除。
因为箔30具有有限厚度,所以其能够被钎焊(18)到基体材料44且然后被与原始涂层材料基本相同厚度的新的热屏障涂层46涂覆,而不会导致在底层箔30的边缘48处在精整表面内具有任意不均匀,从而维持了被修复部件的空气动力学性能如原始设计那样。由于在纹理化表面36和上覆的新的热屏障涂层46之间的改进的机械粘附,当与不具有这样的特征的原始叶片40相比时,翻新的前边缘区域42可以提供改进的服役性能。
钎焊材料34可以被选择成是无硼和硅的并且具有低于被用于恢复部件基体材料的材料性质的固溶热处理温度的熔化温度和范围。当使用包括降熔剂(例如钛、铪或锆或在底层超合金基体材料的成分中包括的其他材料)的钎焊材料时,固溶热处理有效地使得钎料均质化,以致在修复箔30的超合金材料32和底层基体44的材料之间不存在中断。
这种应用的三元合金可以具有在下述范围内的成分(这里公开的所有成分均是以重量百分比为单位):
Cr15-25%;
Ti15-25%;
剩余Ni。
这组中的具体钎焊合金可以具有下述成分:Cr16.3%、Ti21.2%、剩余Ni;或者Cr17.2%、Ti20.9%、剩余Ni。这些具体钎焊合金成分具有大约1205℃固相线温度,和大约1215℃的液相线温度,并且因此具有仅10℃的熔化温度范围。这样,它们在钎焊至Alloy247或Rene80时会是特别有用的。这组中的另一钎焊合金具有下述成分:Cr20%、Ti20%、Ni60%。
另一些钎焊合金可以具有下列范围内的成分:
Cr12-16%;
Ti13-16%;
Al0-2.5%;
Co2-4%;
W3-5%;
Mo0-2%;
Ta0-2%;
剩余Ni。
这组中的具体钎焊合金可以具有下述成分:Cr14.1%、Ti14%、Al2.1%、Co3.1%、W4.1%、Mo1%、Ta1%、剩余Ni。这个具体钎焊合金成分在钎焊至Alloy247时会是特别有用的。
另一些钎焊合金可以具有下列范围内的成分:
Cr15-18%;
Ti10-15%;
Al0-2.5%;
Co2-4%;
W3-5%;
Mo0-2%;
Ta0-2%;
剩余Ni。
这组中的具体钎焊合金可以具有下述成分:Cr17.57%、Ti13.54%、Al2.39%、Co3.24%、W3.47%、Mo1.15%、Ta0.83%、剩余Ni。这个具体钎焊合金成分呈现大约1205℃的固相线温度和大约1220℃的液相线温度,并且因此具有仅15℃的熔化温度范围。这样,其在钎焊至Alloy247或Rene80时会是特别有用的。
另一些钎焊合金可以具有下列范围内的成分:
Cr15-19%;
Ti8-10%;
Al0-2.5%;
Co14-18%;
Mo12-16%;
剩余Ni。
这组中的具体钎焊合金可以具有下述成分:Cr15.12%、Ti10%、Al2.12%、Co15.8%、Mo12.97%、剩余Ni。这个具体钎焊合金成分呈现大约1205℃的固相线温度和大约1223℃的液相线温度,并且因此具有仅18℃的熔化温度范围。这样,其在钎焊至Alloy247或IN939时会是特别有用的。
有效地用于使得这样的合金的钎焊接头均质化的典型固溶热处理可以是:
-以每分钟15-30℉的速率将组件加热到1472℉;
-保持在1472℉下达20分钟;
-以每分钟15-30℉的速率加热到2125℉;
-保持在2125℉20分钟;
-以每分钟1-30℉的速率加热到2192-2282℉;
-保持在2,192-2,282℉下达2-12小时;
-熔炉冷却到2,120-2,192℉;
-保持在2,120-2,192℉下高达20分钟;
-氩冷却到室温。
图4示出修复箔50的另一实施例,其具有一层粘合涂层材料52,例如MCrAlY材料,该材料被沉积在超合金材料54和钎焊材料58上。在这种实施例中,纹理化表面58被形成在粘合涂层材料52的顶表面上,从而为了机械附接到后施加的陶瓷绝缘层提供良好基础。在各种实施例中,钎焊材料34、56可以不超过200μm厚,超合金材料32、54可以是200-300μm厚,并且粘合涂层材料52可以是125-300μm厚。
虽然这里已经示出并描述了本发明的各种实施例,但是显而易见的是这样的实施例仅通过示例方式被提供。在不背离本发明的情况下可以做出大量修改、改变和替代。
Claims (20)
1.一种方法,包括:
从部件的修复区域去除热屏障涂层的退化部分以便显露出底层超合金基体材料;
向所述修复区域施加箔,该箔包括具有纹理化表面的一层合金材料和在所述合金材料的与所述纹理化表面相反的侧面上的一层钎焊材料,所述钎焊材料被设置成接触所述底层超合金基体材料;
使用钎焊热处理将所述箔附接到所述部件;以及
将新的热屏障涂层施加到所述合金材料的所述纹理化表面上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述合金材料包括超合金材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述一层合金材料包括邻近所述钎焊材料的一层超合金材料和在所述一层超合金材料上的包括所述纹理化表面的一层粘合涂层材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中在所述箔中,所述钎焊材料不超过200μm厚,所述超合金材料是200-300μm厚,并且所述粘合涂层材料是125-300μm厚。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述钎焊热处理与固溶热处理同时进行,该固溶热处理被用于恢复所述超合金基体材料的机械性质。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述钎焊材料包括三元合金,该三元合金包括以重量百分比为单位的成分:Cr15-25%、Ti15-25%、剩余Ni。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述钎焊材料包括在如下范围内的以重量百分比为单位的成分,所述成分处于以下范围内:
Cr12-18%;
Ti13-16%;
Al0-2.5%;
Co2-4%;
W3-5%;
Mo0-2%;
Ta0-2%;
剩余Ni。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述钎焊材料包括在如下范围内的以重量百分比为单位的成分,所述成分处于以下范围内:
Cr15-18%;
Ti10-15%;
Al0-2.5%;
Co2-4%;
W3-5%;
Mo0-2%;
Ta0-2%;
剩余Ni。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述钎焊材料包括在如下范围内的以重量百分比为单位的成分,所述成分处于以下范围内:
Cr15-19%;
Ti8-10%;
Al0-2.5%;
Co14-18%;
Mo12-16%;
剩余Ni。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
在去除热屏障涂层的所述退化部分的步骤之前使得所述部件离开在燃气涡轮部件中服役;
在向所述修复区域施加所述箔的步骤之前修复所述底层超合金基体材料;以及
与固溶热处理同时地执行所述钎焊热处理,该固溶热处理被用于恢复所述超合金基体材料的机械性质。
11.一种箔,包括:
包括纹理化表面的一层合金材料;以及
在所述合金材料的与所述纹理化表面相反的侧面上的一层钎焊材料。
12.根据权利要求11所述的箔,其中所述一层合金材料包括一层超合金材料。
13.根据权利要求11所述的箔,其中所述一层合金材料包括邻近所述钎焊材料的一层超合金材料和在所述一层超合金材料上的包括所述纹理化表面的一层粘合涂层材料。
14.根据权利要求13所述的箔,其中所述钎焊材料不超过200μm厚,所述超合金材料是200-300μm厚,并且所述粘合涂层材料是125-300μm厚。
15.根据权利要求11所述的箔,其中所述钎焊材料包括三元合金,该三元合金包括以重量百分比为单位的成分:Cr15-25%、Ti15-25%、剩余Ni。
16.根据权利要求11所述的箔,其中所述钎焊材料包括在如下范围内的以重量百分比为单位的成分,所述成分处于以下范围内:
Cr12-16%;
Ti13-16%;
Al0-2.5%;
Co2-4%;
W3-5%;
Mo0-2%;
Ta0-2%;
剩余Ni。
17.根据权利要求11所述的箔,其中所述钎焊材料包括在如下范围内的以重量百分比为单位的成分,所述成分处于以下范围内:
Cr15-18%;
Ti10-15%;
Al0-2.5%;
Co2-4%;
W3-5%;
Mo0-2%;
Ta0-2%;
剩余Ni。
18.根据权利要求11所述的箔,其中所述钎焊材料包括在如下范围内的以重量百分比为单位的成分,所述成分处于以下范围内:
Cr15-19%;
Ti8-10%;
Al0-2.5%;
Co14-18%;
Mo12-16%;
剩余Ni。
19.根据权利要求11所述的箔,其中所述钎焊材料包括以重量百分比为单位的Cr20%、Ti20%、剩余60%的成分。
20.一种燃气涡轮发动机部件,其包括根据权利要求11所述的箔和被置于所述纹理化表面上的一层热屏障涂层材料。
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