CN105189728A - Producing algae biomass having reduced concentration of contaminants - Google Patents

Producing algae biomass having reduced concentration of contaminants Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105189728A
CN105189728A CN201480022300.8A CN201480022300A CN105189728A CN 105189728 A CN105189728 A CN 105189728A CN 201480022300 A CN201480022300 A CN 201480022300A CN 105189728 A CN105189728 A CN 105189728A
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algae
waste water
flocculation
tank
anode
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Inventor
乔斯·L·桑切斯皮纳
尼古拉斯·埃克尔百利
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Originclear Inc
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Originclear Inc
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Priority claimed from US13/865,097 external-priority patent/US20130228464A1/en
Priority claimed from US13/872,044 external-priority patent/US20130288329A1/en
Priority claimed from US13/942,348 external-priority patent/US20130299434A1/en
Priority claimed from US14/109,336 external-priority patent/US20140106437A1/en
Application filed by Originclear Inc filed Critical Originclear Inc
Publication of CN105189728A publication Critical patent/CN105189728A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

The present invention is generally directed to a system for producing an algae biomass and wastewater that have reduced concentrations of contaminants. The algae and wastewater treated by the system of the present invention can be combined in a heterotrophic growth system in which the growth of the algae is increased due to the reduced concentration of contaminants. The algae grown in this manner also has a longer shelf life due to the lack of contaminants within the harvested algae.

Description

The algae bio matter that production Pollutant levels reduce
Background technology
In several industry, comprise in wastewater treatment industry and algal culture industry, the existing history from liquid suspension separate substance.The method realized involved by being separated can become along with required net result.Such as, in wastewater treatment industry, results needed normally can be discharged into the treated water in environment.On the contrary, in algal culture industry, main results needed may be the biomass that results can be used for energy generation.
In waste water industry, the long history of existing electricity flocculation.Find that it is the effective ways from fluid separate solid in the subordinate phase of regulation.This refuse stream contains all types of organic substance, and algae is considered to the nuisance that produced by high nitrate amount common in described stream.Therefore, the trial of exterminate bacteria does not comprise the integrity retaining described material usually, for other purposes of such as medicine or other high valuable stuff.
In electricity flocculation, as what commonly use in the treatment of waste water, interpolation metal ion or positively charged ion improve flocculation with the electroconductibility by improving matrix.Following positively charged ion has the electrode potential lower than H+, and is therefore considered suitable for as the ionogen positively charged ion in these methods: Li+, Rb+, K+, Cs+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Na+ and Mg2+ (sodium and lithium usually use owing to forming cheap salt).Other metal flocculates conbined usage to assist from wastewater sedimentation solid with electricity, such as ferriferous oxide and other oxygenant.These metals are very effective when going out solid from solution precipitation; But they make product and water itself be polluted by Inorganic chemical substance, and described Inorganic chemical substance must be removed or otherwise process subsequently in the 3rd waste treatment stage.
In practice, the electric current being used for electricity flocculation by waste water system is generally low, be usually less than 1amp, this is because described method be carry out in large pond and/or with waste treatment plant typical, may carry out for a large amount of fluid flow rates of every day millions of gallons combine.The current needs brought due to huge scale and the Ohm's law (I=V/R) of factory and process scale, long-time use high energy electricity flocculation system is unpractiaca.In addition, the deterioration of long playing electrolytic zinc-coated steel sheet and fouling, hamper the effective use of this technology under high current intensity under high currents.Therefore, as discussed above, the electroconductibility of waste streams must be improved by metal ion, to reduce energy requirement and to make method practical.
In algal product cultivation and results, Consideration is contrary, must obtain the property protected, and described product is irreversibly polluted in the use of metal because the biomass in suspension are quality.Therefore, great majority are made up of centrifugal, membrane filtration, dry air and possible chemical treatment and depolluting for the method that makes the algae in suspension dewater.
A kind of method of dewatering for making algae is called as dissolved air flotation (DAF).Usually, this flucculation process comprises and in series uses condensing agent, emulsifying agent or other chemical substance with the air curtain produced from pump or cyclonic separator.Although this method is generally more effective than centrifugation technique from the viewpoint of energy, it has the inherent defect needing chemical substance and independently tank.In addition, DAF system is subject to as the generation of the bubble in turbulent flow source in reactor as the validity of continuous system obstruction.The solution of this problem increases flotation scale, and this causes increasing floor space.
In the cell of results microorganism and microorganism such as algae, product shows the potentiality as the partially or completely surrogate at the manufacture a product petroleum derivative that uses in such as medicine, makeup, mechanicals, biofuel, synthetic oil, animal-feed and fertilizer or other chemical.But in order to make these surrogates become feasible, the method comprising the harvested cell of the recovery of product and the step of process in cell must be efficient and cost effective, so that the refining cost relevant to petroleum derivative is competed mutually.Being at present require great effort and produce low net energy gain for gathering in the crops microorganism such as algae with the extracting method finally produced as the product of oil replacement thing, making them for infeasible current alternative energy requirement.Method before these also can produce significant carbon footprint, is degrading Global warming and other environmental problem.These existing methods, when further amplification scale, produce even larger loss in efficiency due to the degraded of valuable intracellular members, and need than inputting from the microorganism economically viable larger energy of results or chemical at present.Such as, the per gallon cost of current microorganism biological fuel is about 9 times of fossil oil cost.
The viable cell of all protokaryons and eucaryon all has plasma membrane (plasmatransmembrane), and it surrounds their inclusion and plays the effect of the half porous barrier to outside atmosphere.Described plasma membrane plays the effect on border, cellular constituent is kept together, and stops foreign matter to enter.According to the theory (S.J.Singer and G.Nicolson, 1972, by reference to being incorporated herein) being called as fluid mosaic model of current acceptance, cytoplasmic membrane is namely found in oily in all cells by lipid bilayer or waxy substance is formed.Most of lipids in bilayer can be described as phosphatide more accurately, namely with the lipid that the bound phosphate groups of an end at each molecule is feature.
In the phospholipid bilayer of plasma membrane, be embedded with many various useful proteins, and the mineral substance albumen of other type is only attached to double-deck surface.Some albumen in these albumen, the albumen mainly exposed at least partly on the outside of film, is connected with carbohydrate and is therefore called as glycoprotein.Described albumen is relevant to the tissue part of the filament comprising cytoskeleton along the location of inner plasma membrane, and described filament helps them to be anchored on appropriate location.This arrangement mode of protein also relates to the hydrophobic of cell and hydrophilic area.
In cell, extracting method greatly can change along with the type of the organism related to, internal composition needed for them and their purity level.But once make cell rupture, these useful components will be released and usually be suspended in the liquid nutrient medium for holding live microorganism biomass, make to gather in the crops these useful matteies and become difficulty or highly energy-consuming.
At great majority at present from the method for product in algae harvested cell, dehydration must be performed so that from liquid nutrient medium or be separated from biomass waste (cellular material and fragment) and gather in the crops useful component.Time frame needed for liquid evaporation or the energy input needed for drying liquid substratum or the input of the chemical needed for separating substances, current method is poor efficiency.In addition, this quadrat method is limited to batch treatment usually, and is difficult to transformation to be adapted to continous processing system.
Therefore, for for make microorganism such as algae dehydration simple and effective program there is demand, they can be gathered in the crops, product in their cell can be reclaimed and used as the surrogate with price competitiveness of the oil needed for process industry product and petroleum derivative.
In addition, the bacterium existed in the vitality of the algae bio matter of results and biomass or the amount of other noxious pollutant closely related.Such as, pollutent such as bacterium, fungi, wheel animalcule, ciliate or disadvantageous algae bacterial strain can limit the life-span of the biomass of results.
If algae bio matter is contaminated, then it is usually not suitable for intended applications and is therefore dropped.Or, the change of described algae bio matter microbiotic, chemical or salinity, pH or other environmental factors can be processed, to make minimize contamination.The process of even now has some beneficial effects to the life-span extending algae bio matter, but the various various process being treated to use biomass add additional cost, time and complicacy.
Summary of the invention
Present invention relates in general to a kind of for the production of the algae bio matter of Pollutant levels reduction and the system of waste water.May be incorporated in heterotrophic growth system by the algae of system process of the present invention and waste water, described in described growing system, the growth of algae increases due to the Pollutant levels of described reduction.Owing to lacking pollutent, so the algae grown by this way also has the longer quality guaranteed period in the algae of results.
In some embodiments, the present invention performs as a kind of method of producing algae bio matter and the waste water reduced for the Pollutant levels of heterotrophic growth system.Growth medium containing the algae suspended is fed in the first flocculation tank.Described first flocculation tank comprises the reactor tube for producing electric field in described growth medium, and described electric field causes described algae to flocculate.The growth medium of the algae containing flocculation is transferred in the first flotation tank.Described first flotation tank comprises the tank containing multiple electrode, and described electrode causes bubble formation, and described bubble is attached to the algae of described flocculation and the algae of described flocculation is lifted to the surface of described growth medium.Described floating algae is transferred to heterotrophic growth system from the surface removal of described growth medium.Waste water is fed in the second flocculation tank.Described second flocculation tank comprises the second reactor tube for producing electric field in described waste water.Described second reactor tube comprises the negative electrode and anode that comprise titanium ruthenium alloy.When producing electric field, described anode causes the generation of free chlorine in fluid, causes ammonia to be oxidized to nitrite and nitrate.After by ammonia oxidation, waste water is transferred to heterotrophic growth system, make described waste water can play effect for the food of algal grown in described heterotrophic growth system.
In some embodiments, the present invention performs as a kind of device for removing ammonia from waste water.Described device comprises the reactor tube for producing electric field in containing the waste water of ammonia.In some embodiments, described reactor tube comprises at least one negative electrode and an anode.In some embodiments, described negative electrode and/or anode may comprise metal oxide (MMO) coating of mixing.Described anode may comprise MMO coating, and described negative electrode may comprise MMO coating, or described anode and negative electrode may comprise MMO coating.In some embodiments, described negative electrode and/or anode may comprise stainless steel.MMO can refer to by including but not limited to the oxide compound that the platinum metals of iridium and ruthenium is formed.In an example, anode and/or negative electrode may comprise the titanium core with MMO coating.Described reactor tube may comprise the negative electrode and anode that are made up of titanium ruthenium alloy.When producing electric field, anode causes the generation of waste water free chlorine, causes ammonia to be oxidized to nitrite and nitrate.Described device also comprises the flotation tank being connected to described reactor tube.Described flotation tank comprises the tank containing the multiple electrodes causing bubble formation.
In other embodiments, the present invention produces as a kind of the system execution being used for algae bio matter that the Pollutant levels of heterotrophic growth system reduce and waste water.Described system comprises the first device for removing ammonia from waste water.Described first device comprises the first reactor tube for producing electric field in containing the waste water of ammonia.Described first reactor tube comprises the first negative electrode and the first anode, its each or both may comprise titanium ruthenium alloy.When producing electric field, the described first anode causes the generation of waste water free chlorine, causes ammonia to be oxidized to nitrite and nitrate.Described system comprises the second device using dual stage process results algae.The second flocculation tank that the first stage that described second device comprises described dual stage process occurs wherein.Described second flocculation tank comprises the second reactor tube for producing electric field in the growth medium containing the algae suspended, and described electric field causes described algae to flocculate.The second flotation tank that the subordinate phase that described second device also comprises described dual stage process occurs wherein.Described second flotation tank comprises the second tank containing multiple second electrode, and described second electrode causes bubble formation, and described bubble is attached to the algae of described flocculation and the algae of described flocculation is lifted to the surface of described growth medium.Described second flotation tank is connected to described second flocculation tank, flow into described second flotation tank from described second flocculation tank to allow the algae of described flocculation.
This general introduction is provided to be the selection of the concept further described in embodiment in order to introduce in a simplified manner below.This general introduction is not intended to determine the key features of subject content required for protection or required feature.
Other feature of the present invention and advantage will be set forth in ensuing description, and a part will be apparent from described description, or can be understood by practice of the present invention.The features and advantages of the invention can utilize the means particularly pointed out in detail in the claims realize with combination and obtain.These and other feature of the present invention will become obvious more fully from the following description and the appended claims book, or can be understood by the practice of the present invention of setting forth below.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to describe the mode that can obtain above-mentioned and other advantage and disadvantage of the present invention, above providing with reference to the specific embodiment of the present invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings simple describe of the present inventionly to describe more specifically.Should be appreciated that, these figure depict only exemplary embodiment of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as restriction on its scope, and the use by accompanying drawing utilizes other to illustrate and to be described with details and to explain by the present invention, in the drawing:
Figure 1A shows the two benches algae harvesting apparatus with first stage flocculation tank and subordinate phase flotation tank;
Figure 1B shows the various side-views that may construct of the electrode in subordinate phase flotation tank;
Fig. 1 C shows the side-view of first stage flocculation tank;
Fig. 2 A shows the first stage flocculation tank during growth medium be filled with containing the algae suspended;
Fig. 2 B shows when the tank that flocculates with first stage during batch mode flocculation algae;
Fig. 2 C shows when the tank that flocculates with first stage during continuous flow modes flocculation algae;
Fig. 3 A-3D shows the use hydrogen gas bubbles of carrying out in subordinate phase flotation tank makes the algae of flocculation float to surface with the process making the algae of flocculation dewater;
Fig. 4 shows the actual enforcement of the two benches algae harvesting apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
How Fig. 5 can use two benches device to produce the algae bio matter of the Pollutant levels with reduction and the waste water of process, to strengthen the growth of algae during the heterotrophic growth stage if showing; And
Fig. 6 shows the first stage tank that how can use two benches device, with from waste water removal of pollutants.
Embodiment
In the continuous case in this part, set forth the concrete purposes of algae harvesting method and the device described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/865097 (" patent application ").In described patent application, describe a kind of device with first stage flocculation tank and subordinate phase flotation tank.This being described in hereinafter is reappeared under title " first stage flocculation tank " and " subordinate phase flotation tank ".This two benches harvesting method produces the algae bio matter that Pollutant levels reduce.
Described patent application also describes by using the electrode be made up of titanium ruthenium alloy, can use dual stage process process waste water, to remove ammonia and other pollutent from waste water.The use of electrode in two benches device of being made up of titanium ruthenium alloy is described hereinafter under title " further feature or variant ".
Find, the algae bio matter produced by two benches harvesting method can be used in the heterotrophic growth stage, during the described heterotrophic growth stage, uses the waste water of dual stage process process can supply required food to allow algae reproduction to algae.Waste water contains the required compound of the promotion algal grown of significant quantity, comprises oxygen, organic carbon and fertilizer.But untreated waste water is also containing the remarkable pollutent harmful to algae.Therefore, becoming the feasible option that can be used for the heterotrophic growth stage to make waste water, must process to reduce Pollutant levels to it.
Dual stage process can be used for cheapness and effectively processes waste water, makes to use it for the heterotrophic growth stage.Because the algae bio matter using dual stage process to produce compares the Pollutant levels with reduction with the algae bio matter of other method process of waste water and use with waste water, therefore the heterotrophic growth stage can carry out sooner and more effectively than former solution.
The embody rule in dual stage process and device promotion heterotrophic growth stage is described hereinafter under title " uses the waste water of process to strengthen the heterotrophic growth stage of algae ".
for the generality discussion of the dual stage process and device of gathering in the crops algae
Present invention relates in general to the device using dual stage process results algae.Described dual stage process comprises flocculated stage and water smoking.Flocculated stage carries out in first stage flocculation tank, wherein makes the algae flocculation be suspended in growth medium.Then the algae of flocculation is fed to subordinate phase flotation tank, uses electrode generates hydrogen gas and oxygen bubble in described flotation tank, described bubble is attached to the algae of flocculation, causes the algae of flocculation to float to surface.Then floating algae pad can be skimmed from the surface of growth medium.
The algae of gathering in the crops by this way is not contained in the objectionable impurities usually needed in other harvesting method.In addition, because do not use objectionable impurities in dual stage process, thus be rich in nutraceutical growth medium can be reused for subsequently algae results in.
Device of the present invention can be configured to various size.But, in many embodiments, device can be sized to and make it relatively portable, almost can use in any place to allow it.In this way, many mechanisms can utilize described device to produce algae bio matter, and without the need to the big area soil that such as usually needs in other harvesting method and/or a large amount of electric power.
Figure 1A shows the representative configuration of the device 100 using dual stage process results algae.Device 100 comprises two major partss: first stage flocculation tank 101 and subordinate phase flotation tank 102.
Growth medium containing the algae suspended is input in first stage flocculation tank 101.Almost can obtain this growth medium by any way.Such as, the special cell being used for growing algae in water can be connected to first stage flocculation tank 101, or the growth medium otherwise obtained directly can be fed to first stage flocculation tank 101.
By the algae flocculation (namely causing agglomerate to be formed) in first stage flocculation tank 101 suspended.As by what further describe hereinafter, the electric current produced by electrode can be used to cause this flocculation.Once algae be flocculated after required degree, the growth medium of the algae containing flocculation is fed in subordinate phase flotation tank 102.
Subordinate phase flotation tank 102 produces gas (hydrogen and the oxygen) bubble risen by growth medium.When rising, bubble is attached to the algae of flocculation and the algae of flocculation is lifted to surface.This process causes forming algae pad in the surface of growth medium.Finally, as by what further describe hereinafter, conveyer 115 and 116 can be used to collect algae.
Fig. 4 shows the actual executive mode of the device according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
first stage flocculation tank
As shown in Figure 1A, flocculation tank 101 comprises two major partss: the negative electrode 105 formed by outer cylinder (pipeline such as closed or pipe), and the anode 106 formed by the inner cylinder be included in outer cylinder (such as pipeline or other cylindrical shape closed).Or negative electrode can form inner cylinder and anode can form outer cylinder.Therefore, growth medium flows between negative electrode 105 and anode 106, as shown in the arrow in Figure 1A.Also other shape except cylinder can be used, as long as form fluid passage between the two elements.In addition, in some embodiments, multiple inner cylinder also may be used for anode 106.In some embodiments, the negative electrode 105 come in contact with growth medium and the surface of anode 106 can comprise groove (such as rifling), and it can reduce the appearance of piling up on the surface.
Fig. 1 C shows the cross-sectional side view of flocculation tank 101.As illustrated, between negative electrode 105 and anode 106, there is gap, growth medium is by described Clearance Flow.In some embodiments, the width in this gap can between 0.5mm to 200mm.In some embodiments, the gap between anode and negative electrode can be 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm or until the spacing of any iteration of 200mm.Each applying voltage to negative electrode 105 and anode 106 passes through growth medium to cause electric current.This electric current causes algae flocculation (namely reuniting together) suspended in growth medium.In some embodiments, when algae is by flocculation tank 101, cell is exposed to the electric field of magnetic field and the inducing cell current absorption causing cell to align.These effects can cause cell flocculation.
Fig. 2 A-2C shows this flocculation and can how to occur.As illustrated, the source 210 of the growth medium containing the algae suspended is connected to flocculation tank 101.Or, growth medium manually can be fed to flocculation tank 101.Shade Water Quality Assessment in Fig. 2 A is suspended in growth medium at first.
Fig. 2 B shows with the situation of batch mode process growth medium.In batch mode, flocculation tank 101 is filled with the growth medium containing the algae suspended at first.Then growth medium is made to stand the electric field produced by negative electrode 105 and anode 106, until there is the flocculation of desired level.In some embodiments, the size of the algae of flocculation can between 1mm to 4mm.Then, the growth medium of the algae with flocculation is transferred to subordinate phase flotation tank 102.Therefore, the growth medium that Fig. 2 B shows in flocculation tank 101 contains algae agglomerate, and it has been ready to transfer to flotation tank 102.
On the contrary, Fig. 2 C shows with the situation of continuous flow modes process growth medium.In continuous flow modes, algae can be flocculated (such as by applying electric current to growth medium) in the mode identical with batch mode.But growth medium can continuously flow into flocculation tank with the speed be applicable to, when making growth medium by the time arrive the opposite ends of flocculation tank, algae is fully flocculated.This illustrates in fig. 2 c, wherein have the flocculating degree similar to the growth medium in source 210 at the growth medium at left distal end place, and flocculating degree increases towards right end.
No matter for the mode of algae of flocculating, flocculation tank 101 can be configured with the control section for automatically determining the setting be applicable to, to guarantee that algae was fully flocculated before leaving flocculation tank 101.Such as, in batch mode, flocculation tank 101 can be determined process the time length be applicable to of growth medium or be applied to the voltage levvl be applicable to of negative electrode 105 and anode 106 automatically.Similarly, in continuous flow modes, flocculation tank 101 can determine the flow velocity be applicable to and the voltage levvl be applicable to being applied to negative electrode 105 and anode 106 automatically.
In at least one embodiment, it can be every ml volume 0.1ml/ second by the flow velocity of tank 101 of flocculating.But in other embodiments, flow velocity is at least every ml volume 0.5ml/ second or at least every ml volume 1.0ml/ second.In other embodiments, it is at least every ml volume 1.5ml/ second by the flow velocity of described volume.In other embodiments, every ml volume 1.5ml/ second is exceeded by the flow velocity of described volume.In other embodiment of at least one, coutroi velocity can be carried out by using pump or other fluid mobile handling machinery device control pressure be applicable to.
In some embodiments, the voltage of supply can open and close in repeatedly pulse, to cause the stretching, extension of alga cells and to relax.According to such embodiment, voltage can be higher and peak amperage is lower, and average current intensity keeps relatively low.In such embodiment, this conditioned disjunction controlled environment decreases the energy requirement of running gear, and decreases the wearing and tearing on one or more pairs of anode and negative electrode.In at least one embodiment, the frequency of pulse is at least about 500Hz, 1kHz, 2kHz or 30kHz.In other embodiments, frequency is lower than 200kHz, 80kHz, 50kHz, 30kHz, 5kHz or 2kHz.According to various different embodiment, the scope of pulse-repetition can be any combination of the highest above-mentioned and low-limit frequency.
In some embodiments, electricimpulse repeats with certain frequency, to generate an electromagnetic field in-between the electrodes and electric energy transfer.In embodiments, generating an electromagnetic field when there is the transfer of this pulsed electrical, causing alga cells to extend due to their polarity.According to other embodiment, the algae of suspension absorbs electricity input, and this causes inner cellular component and their liquid substance size expansion.In such embodiment, and due to expand, internal pressure is applied to plasma membrane, but in embodiments, this internal expansion is regarded as being only instantaneous because it pulsed electrical input closedown frequency mutually in removed.As mentioned above, in some embodiments, open and close electric frequency repeat fast component is rearranged, and to produce and/or the polar region that adds in alga cells.In some embodiments, the input of continuous print frequency produces further to be expanded the internal pressure caused by the internal composition expanded, and it finally produces magnetic/electrostatic attraction, causes processed Cell clumping/flocculation.
Although this specification sheets essentially describes the first stage during flocculation process and leaves complete alga cells, during flocculating, cracking alga cells is also possible.Such as, be applied to the voltage levvl/frequency of negative electrode 105 and anode 106 by change and/or change the time that alga cells stands the electric current formed between negative electrode 105 and anode 106, by alga cells cracking, the inclusion of alga cells can be discharged thus.Therefore, in some embodiments, device 100 can be used for making alga cells cracking, flocculation and dehydration.
subordinate phase flotation tank
Once after being flocculated by algae in growth medium, growth medium be transferred to flotation tank 102.Can in flotation tank 102, electrode be used to apply electric field to growth medium.Described electric field improves the phase boundary potential between solvent and solute and produces the hydrogen of micron-scale and the bubble of oxygen, and the algae of flocculation is lifted to surface by it.Algae forms pad on surface, allows easily to remove algae.In addition, algae pad comprises hydrogen and the oxygen of significant quantity.Algae can use under this gas exists, or can carry out other downstream processing to reclaim described gas.Such as, described gas can be recovered and for powering for device 100, thus minimizes the energy requirement of using appts 100.
Refer again to Figure 1A, flotation tank 102 comprises negative plate 111 and a series of stacking anode 112 and negative electrode 113 bar.Figure 1B shows the side-view of other structure of the electrode that can use in flotation tank 102.Such as, in the left upper of Figure 1B, show the structure described in Figure 1A.In some embodiments, plate can be used to replace bar.
Other structures various of electrode can be used.Such as, single negative electrode and Sole anode, two negative electrodes and Sole anode, single negative electrode and two anodes, two negative electrodes and two anodes, or other combination comprises one or more negative electrode and one or more anode.
As shown in fig. 1b, some embodiment provides the arrangement of electrodes that 2 take advantage of 3, and it has 2 vertical row, often row 3 electrodes.The electrode of top line and bottom row can be negative electrode, and middle row can comprise two anodes.Other such anode-cathode various can be used in the embodiment of flotation tank 102 to construct.In general, depend primarily on the size of flotation tank 102, the combination of the negative electrode between anode between 1 to 20 and 1 to 20 can be used.
Flotation tank 102 also comprises conveyer 115 (having rake 115a and 115b) and conveyer 116, and as by what further describe hereinafter, it for removing alga cells and sending collector 114 to from flotation tank 102.Just as known in the art, also can use other means for the surface removal algae from growth medium.
Fig. 3 A-3D shows flotation tank 102, to provide the example that the algae of flocculation how can be made to float to surface.Fig. 3 A shows the state of the flotation tank 102 when being passed in flotation tank 102 by the growth medium of the algae containing flocculation.Just as stated, for being separated the art methods difficulty, expensive and be usually harmful to algae of algae from growth medium, them are made to be not suitable for reclaiming the algae being intended for use some purposes.On the contrary, the invention provides a kind of simple and safe method for reclaiming alga cells.This method comprises use electrode 111,112 and in some cases 113, applies electric field to growth medium.
Fig. 3 C shows the state of flotation tank 102 after the alga cells of flocculation has floated to surface.Fig. 3 C residue growth medium that also show below floating agglomerate is limpid substantially, shows that this method height in being separated algae from growth medium is effective.Then growth medium intensive for nutrition can be reused.
Finally, Fig. 3 D shows the example how can removing floating alga cells.As illustrated, this removal can use rake 115a, 115b to carry out, and described rake rotates in the surface of growth medium, thus by alga cells rake to conveyer 116.Conveyer 116 rotates to transfer in collector 114 by the alga cells raked off, and it can be fetched for further process there.Therefore, this method produces the biomass of high dehydration, and it can be easily transported and use.
Fig. 3 A-3D generally speaking represents the described method (namely fully being flocculated by whole growth medium before any new alga cells of interpolation) of carrying out in a batch manner.But in some embodiments, this method can be carried out on a continuous basis, such as, by regularly adding the growth medium of the new algae containing flocculation.
Can by placement close to each other for electrode being promoted bubble formation on strategy.Such as, in some embodiments, to be interposed between negative electrode and anode between about 0.1 inch to about 36 inches, between about 0.2 inch to about 24 inches, between about 0.5 inch to about 12 inches, between about 0.5 inch to about 6 inches, about 3 to about 8 inches, about 1 inch to about 3 inches, or be variant and the combination of these scopes or the value within the scope of these.Segregation ratio may become along with the specific conductivity of growth medium and/or the power level being applied to electrode.Such as, the electroconductibility of salinity or growth medium is higher, hydrogen and/or the gap needed for oxygen production less.In some configurations, two or more negative electrodes are placed on the turbulent flow that can to increase near Sole anode around anode, produce the mixed effect improved, it may contribute to assembling and lifting alga cells.
The operating voltage of combination between about 1 to about 30 volt, about 1 to about 24 volt, about 2 to about 18 volts, about 2 to about 12 volts or within the scope of these and intermediate range can be applied.Such as, the voltage of about 4 volts, 6 volts, 8 volts, 10 volts, 12 volts, 14 volts, 16 volts, 18 volts, 20 volts, 22 volts, 24 volts, 26 volts, 28 volts, 30 volts and/or these voltage can be applied or contain the combination of scope of these voltages.Strength of current can change, and generally at about 1A to about 20A, about 2A to about between 15A, or be the combination within the scope of these or intermediate range.Real electric current reasonably can change along with the density of growth medium and relative electrical conductivity thereof.
In some configurations, may wish to provide pulse power to electrode.For pulse power, the frequency of pulse can change, and dutycycle is also like this.In this case, term dutycycle refers to the relative length of the opening and closing part of each power-up period, and the time length of opening part in such as cycle can be expressed as to the ratio of the total time in cycle, or the ratio opened partly to the time length of the closed portion in cycle in cycle, or open and close the time length by statement, or open or close the time length and total circulating continuancing time represents by statement.Unless otherwise stated or as apparent from context, otherwise dutycycle opens the time length to the ratio of closing the time length by what be recited as the cycle in this article.
Therefore, for the embodiment by electromagnetic field partially unrolling and closedown, dutycycle can be about 1:1, about 1:1.1, about 1:1.2, about 1:1.3, about 1:1.4, about 1:1.5, about 1:1.6, about 1:1.7, about 1:1.8, about 1:1.9, about 1:2, about 1:2.5, about 1:3, about 1:4, about 1:5, about 1:6, about 1:7, about 1:8, about 1:9 or about 1:10.In addition, the time length of dutycycle can become along with the flow velocity of growth medium, volume and/or feature.
other feature or variant
Electrode can be made up of other material of metal, matrix material or known imparting electroconductibility, and described material is such as but not limited to the allotropic substance of silver, copper, gold, aluminium, zinc, nickel, brass, bronze, iron, lead, platinum metals, steel, stainless steel, carbon and/or its combination.The limiting examples of conductive carbon allotropic substance can comprise graphite, Graphene, synthetic graphite, carbon fiber (iron strengthening), carbon structural nano and carbon laydown other form on silicon substrate.In some configurations, anode and/or negative electrode can play the effect of the sacrificial electrode used in flocculation and/or bubble generation process.Therefore, electrode can comprise consumable conducting metal, such as iron or aluminium.
In some embodiments, electrode (such as negative electrode 105,111,113 and anode 106,112) can be made up of the catalyst coated metal titanium that such as iridium oxide is coated with.Such metal can improve the efficiency of process.Such as, the titanium be coated with by using iridium oxide on anode, can promote the generation of bubble.
In addition, in some embodiments, the one or more electrodes in flotation tank 102 can comprise a large amount of perforation or surface tissue, and it allows growth medium to pass through.Such perforation or structure provide the increase of electrode upper limb number, and it may promote bubble formation.Such as, one or more anode can be formed as screen cloth, grid or other vesicular structure.Screen cloth can comprise than algae agglomerate typical in growth medium or the larger relatively large perforate of sludge granules thing.This structure can advantageously allow growth velocity faster because its allow growth medium and anode to produce hydrogen between larger interracial contact.When hope is flow through faster or when the electroconductibility of growth medium is low, this structure may be favourable.In addition, in some embodiments, growth medium can be imported in flotation tank 102 in the center of anode.In this way, growth medium flows out from the one or more holes in anode and is exposed to bubble.
Although flotation tank 102 is shown as independent high level tank by above-described device 100, also flotation tank can be formed as irrigation canals and ditches (such as in ground).Use irrigation canals and ditches can allow to process more substantial growth medium.
In some embodiments, algae being flocculated and/or floating efficiency, can improve by adding protic solvent to growth medium.Such as, growth medium can be injected with the dilute solution of protic solvent such as formic acid, propyl carbinol, Virahol, n-propyl alcohol, ethanol, methyl alcohol and acetic acid, such as the solution of about 0.05 volume %.At various time point, this solution can be mixed in growth medium.But, in some cases, when the electric field of flocculation process produces or to add protic solvent before batchwise process to be ready starting be useful.
Above-described device also can be used for such as culture environment of aquatic products, removing ammonia from waste water or other fluid.In order to realize the removal of ammonia, one or more anodes of flocculation tank 101 can be made up of titanium ruthenium alloy.By using titanium ruthenium alloy, in growth medium, produce free chlorine when voltage is applied to negative electrode and anode.Free chlorine allows ammonia oxidized, finally causes ammonia to be transformed into nitrate, nitrite and some nitrogen.
Find, normally preferred 30-50mA/cm 2between anodic current density maximize to the oxidation of NO3-N and NO2-N to make ammonia.But other current density also can use, and desirable density will depend on various different characteristics, the temperature of such as waste water.
Although remove ammonia from waste water mainly to carry out in flocculation tank 101, in such executive mode, flotation tank 102 still can be used for removing other undesired material, such as organic compound from waste water.
the waste water processed is used to improve the heterotrophic growth stage of algae
Fig. 5 shows the system 500 producing Pollutant levels the algae bio matter reduced and the waste water processed.System 500 is shown as comprising the first device 501 for the treatment of waste water and the second device 502 for the production of algae bio matter.Device 501 can construct in the mode identical with above-described device 100 with both devices 502.In other words, device 502 can be used for producing algae bio matter in the same manner as described above.
Above-described dual stage process is inherently from the material decreasing pollution thing processed.Such as, owing to not using Harmful chemicals in dual stage process, and due to the effect of flocculated stage, so the material of many dissimilar process will have the Pollutant levels of reduction.
In system 500, device 501 is modified with the amount of depolluting improved further the waste water processed in first stage flocculation pipe.This improvement is simply described as titanium ruthenium alloy to be used for one or more electrode above.Titanium ruthenium alloy produces free chlorine at electrode run duration, and it causes the oxidation of the ammonia in waste water as mentioned above.
In this way, can easily process to make it be suitable as the food of algae bio matter in the heterotrophic growth stage to waste water.The concentration of component (such as oxygen, organic carbon and fertilizer) needed for the availability of waste water and high algal grown thereof, waste water is the preferred foodstuff source of heterotrophism system.But process waste water, with other method making it be suitable for the heterotrophic growth stage, is in most of the cases proved to be not satisfied.
On the contrary, device of the present invention can be used for producing algae bio matter and making waste water depollute both, and they may be incorporated in heterotrophism system 503 subsequently.Heterotrophism system 503 can be dark system, and it can make algae grow continuously (such as because do not need light source).
Different from other method, the pollutent that uses the algae bio matter that produces according to the device of the present invention's structure and waste water to contain to reduce concentration (such as by the bacterium competed with algae, will the ammonia etc. of algae be damaged).In other words, the input to heterotrophism system 503 is purer, causes the growth of algae to improve.In addition, because algae bio matter has less contaminants, therefore it has the longer quality guaranteed period (such as when for generation of oil or other products).
Fig. 6 shows the first stage flocculation tank 101 be used to when processing waste water.Untreated waste water 601 is input to flocculation tank 101, it is exposed to the electric field between negative electrode 105 and anode 106 there.As set forth above, if one of electrode, be generally anode 106 and be made up of titanium ruthenium alloy, then produce free chlorine, it causes ammonia oxidized.In addition, electric field also can eliminate other pollutent such as bacterium, fungi etc. from waste water.After this process, export the waste water 602 with the Pollutant levels of reduction.
Waste water 602 directly can use after exporting from flocculation tank 101, if or need, it can continue to enter flotation tank 102, can remove other material there from waste water.In other words, the waste water processed can after passing through flocculation tank 101 or by acquisition after flotation tank 102.
In order to the feasible alternative thing making algae become other fuel source, be necessary the lipid content improving alga cells.Usually, this use needs the autophyting growth stage of external light source (such as the sun) to carry out.This demand limits the speed that algae can grow (lipid content namely improving them).
Current needs expensive fermentor tank (fermentor tank such as used in brewing industry) for the method growing algae in heterotrophism system.These fermentor tanks contribute to the negative impact of limit pollution thing to alga cells, and help lend some impetus to the growth of required algae bacterial strain.But, due to having and the costliness that operates of these fermentor tanks, so the algae using such system to produce can not become the feasible alternative thing of other more cheap fuel source.
The invention provides one and costly need not need fermentor tank or this kind equipment, in heterotrophism system, grow the mode of algae.Because the algae bio matter of being produced by two benches device and waste water have the Pollutant levels of reduction, required algae naturally sooner and more effectively grow, and does not need miscellaneous equipment or additive.Therefore, the algae with desired fat content can be produced with much lower total cost.
Such as, one or more two benches devices can be used to produce heterotrophic growth stage required composition.In some cases, same device can be used for producing algae bio matter and the waste water processed.Same device be also used in alga cells grown into there is enough lipid contents after results (comprising cracking) alga cells.In this way, the demand running algae harvesting system is greatly reduced.
In tentative experiment, the algae using system of the present invention to be grown by heterotrophic fermentation, compared with the algae using autotrophy photosynthesis to grow, shows much higher cell density and lipid per-cent.In addition, the growth velocity of the algae using system of the present invention to grow is much higher.In particular studies, the algae of heterotrophic growth has lipid per-cent between 50% to 60%, more than the cell density of 100 grams/L with more than 10 grams/growth velocity of L/ days.On the contrary, the algae of autophyting growth shows lipid per-cent between 10% to 20%, lower than the cell density of 5 grams/L and the growth velocity lower than 1 gram/L/ days.
In typical execution, once the algae bio matter of heterotrophism (such as in heterotrophism system 503) reaches the concentration of 3 grams per liters and after having 60% lipid content, two benches device as above can be used to gather in the crops algae.This results can comprise flocculation and concentrated alga cells, and comprise cell described in cracking and/or hydrogenation in some cases.Then the cell of results can use in many different ways, comprises the raw material as hydrogenation pyrolysis refinery.
In some embodiments, the Pollutant levels of the reduction existed in the heterotrophic growth stage allow alga cells to reach more than the density of 150 grams/L.Under these density, whizzer can be used effectively to gather in the crops alga cells.Therefore, In some embodiments of the present invention, algae harvesting system can comprise the whizzer for gathering in the crops algae after the heterotrophic growth stage from waste water.
The present invention can embody in other specific forms and not deviate from its purport or essential characteristic.Described embodiment should be regarded as being only illustrative instead of restrictive in all respects.Therefore, scope of the present invention is indicated by claims instead of description above.Fall within all changes within the meaning of claims and equivalency range, by be comprised in claims scope within.

Claims (20)

1. produce a method for algae bio matter and the waste water reduced for the Pollutant levels of heterotrophic growth system, described method comprises:
Be fed in the first flocculation tank by the growth medium containing the algae suspended, described first flocculation tank comprises the reactor tube for producing electric field in described growth medium, and described electric field causes described algae to flocculate;
The growth medium of the algae containing flocculation is transferred in the first flotation tank, described first flotation tank comprises containing multiple tank causing the electrode of bubble formation, and described bubble is attached to the algae of described flocculation and the algae of described flocculation is lifted to the surface of described growth medium;
From the algae that the surface removal of described growth medium is floating, and the algae of removal is transferred to heterotrophic growth system;
Be fed to by waste water in the second flocculation tank, described second flocculation tank comprises the second reactor tube for producing electric field in described waste water, and described second reactor tube comprises negative electrode and anode;
After ammonia is oxidized, described waste water is transferred to described heterotrophic growth system, make described waste water can play effect for the food of algal grown in described heterotrophic growth system.
2. the process of claim 1 wherein that described first flocculation tank and described second flocculation tank are the same pots.
3. the method for claim 1, it also comprises:
After growth, the waste water containing the algae suspended is transferred in described first flocculation tank, with described algae of flocculating in described heterotrophic growth system in described algae;
The waste water of the algae containing flocculation is transferred in described first flotation tank, with the surface making the algae of described flocculation be lifted to described waste water; And
From the algae that the surface removal of described waste water is floating.
4. the method for claim 3, wherein after the lipid per-cent of alga cells is greater than 50%, transfers in described first flocculation tank, with described algae of flocculating by the waste water of the described algae containing suspending.
5. the method for claim 3, wherein after the cell density of alga cells is greater than 100 grams/L, transfers in described first flocculation tank, with described algae of flocculating by the waste water of the described algae containing suspending.
6. the process of claim 1 wherein that described heterotrophic growth system is dark system.
7. the process of claim 1 wherein by applying 30mA/cm 2to 50mA/cm 2between anodic current density, in described second reactor tube, produce described electric field.
8. the method for claim 1, it also comprises:
Before described waste water is transferred to described heterotrophic growth system, described waste water is transferred to the second flotation tank.
9. the method for claim 8, it also comprises: when described waste water is within described second flotation tank, removes material from described waste water.
10. the process of claim 1 wherein that one of described anode and negative electrode comprise titanium ruthenium alloy, wherein when described electric field is produced, described anode causes the generation of free chlorine in fluid, causes ammonia to be oxidized to nitrite and nitrate.
11. 1 kinds for removing the device of ammonia from waste water, described device comprises:
For producing the reactor tube of electric field in containing the waste water of ammonia, described reactor tube comprises negative electrode and anode, at least one in wherein said anode and/or described negative electrode comprises titanium ruthenium alloy, wherein when described electric field is produced, at least one in described anode and described negative electrode causes the generation of free chlorine in described waste water, causes described ammonia to be oxidized to nitrite and nitrate; And
Be connected to the flotation tank of described reactor tube, described flotation tank comprises the tank containing multiple electrode, and described electrode causes bubble formation.
The device of 12. claims 11, wherein by applying 30mA/cm 2to 50mA/cm 2between anodic current density produce described electric field.
13. 1 kinds of systems of producing algae bio matter and the waste water reduced for the Pollutant levels of heterotrophic growth system, described system comprises:
For removing the first device of ammonia from waste water, described first device comprises:
For containing the first reactor tube producing electric field in the waste water of ammonia, described first reactor tube comprises the first negative electrode and the first anode, at least one in the wherein said first anode and described first negative electrode comprises titanium ruthenium alloy, wherein when described electric field is produced, at least one in the described first anode and described first negative electrode causes the generation of free chlorine in described waste water, causes described ammonia to be oxidized to nitrite and nitrate;
For the second device using dual stage process to gather in the crops algae, described second device comprises:
The second flocculation tank that first stage of described dual stage process occurs wherein, described second flocculation tank comprises the second reactor tube for producing electric field in the growth medium containing the algae suspended, and described electric field causes described algae to flocculate; And
The second flotation tank that the subordinate phase of described dual stage process occurs wherein, described second flotation tank comprises the second tank containing multiple second electrode, described second electrode causes bubble formation, described bubble is attached to the algae of flocculation and the algae of described flocculation is lifted to the surface of described growth medium, described second flotation tank is connected to described second flocculation tank, flows into described second flotation tank to allow the algae of described flocculation from described second flocculation tank.
The system of 14. claims 13, wherein said first device also comprises: the first flotation tank being connected to described first reactor tube, and described first flotation tank comprises the first tank containing multiple first electrode, and described first electrode causes bubble formation.
The system of 15. claims 13, it also comprises:
Heterotrophic growth system, wherein places the algae of removing from described second flotation tank and the waste water removed from described first reactor tube.
The system of 16. claims 15, wherein said heterotrophic growth system is dark system.
The system of 17. claims 15, wherein said heterotrophic growth system fluid is connected to described second device, to allow described second device intrasystem for described heterotrophic growth described waste water and algae transferred to for gathering in the crops described algae.
The system of 18. claims 17, wherein said heterotrophic growth system is configured to, when described algae has the lipid per-cent being greater than 50%, the waste water containing algae be transferred to described second device.
The system of 19. claims 13, it also comprises:
The power supply of described electric field is produced, by applying 30mA/cm between described first negative electrode and the described first anode 2to 50mA/cm 2between anodic current density form described electric field.
The system of 20. claims 13, described second electrode package of wherein said second flotation tank is containing the first cathode layer, the second cathode layer and the anode layer between the first and second cathode layers.
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US13/865,097 US20130228464A1 (en) 2012-01-30 2013-04-17 Harvesting and Dewatering Algae Using a Two-Stage Process
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US13/872,044 US20130288329A1 (en) 2012-01-30 2013-04-26 Producing Algae Biomass Having Reduced Concentration Of Contaminants
US13/942,348 2013-07-15
US13/942,348 US20130299434A1 (en) 2012-01-30 2013-07-15 Removing Ammonia From Water
US14/109,336 US20140106437A1 (en) 2012-01-30 2013-12-17 Removing compounds from water using a series of reactor tubes containing cathodes comprised of a mixed metal oxide
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