CN105188614A - 可膨胀线圈脊椎植入物 - Google Patents

可膨胀线圈脊椎植入物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105188614A
CN105188614A CN201480014789.4A CN201480014789A CN105188614A CN 105188614 A CN105188614 A CN 105188614A CN 201480014789 A CN201480014789 A CN 201480014789A CN 105188614 A CN105188614 A CN 105188614A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
implant
sacculus
coil
height
gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201480014789.4A
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English (en)
Inventor
J.里希特
J.泰森
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DePuy Synthes Products Inc
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DePuy Synthes Products Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DePuy Synthes Products Inc filed Critical DePuy Synthes Products Inc
Publication of CN105188614A publication Critical patent/CN105188614A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
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Abstract

本发明公开了用于椎间盘、椎体和脊椎运动节段的替换或重建的盘绕脊椎植入物(10)，所述盘绕脊椎植入物包括多个环(16)以及在所述环之间的间隙，其中所述环由中空材料形成并具有穿过所述环(16)的侧壁(20)延伸至所述中空中心的多个孔(24)或纵向缝隙(26)。所述盘绕植入物(10)包括位于所述中空中心内的一个或多个球囊(30)、所述线圈环(16)之间和/或所述线圈(10)所围绕的中心空隙(19)内的间隙(18)。填充所述球囊(30)使所述线圈(16)膨胀，从而增加所述线圈(10)的高度。可从所述孔(24)或缝隙(26)配置骨移植材料或骨粘固剂。

Description

可膨胀线圈脊椎植入物
技术领域
本公开主要涉及脊椎植入物，具体地，涉及被构造为可膨胀线圈的植入物，其中球囊散布在该线圈的环之间或之内，当用流体充气时使线圈膨胀以促进脊椎重建，特别是在需要修正椎体、椎间盘以及至少一个脊椎运动节段(也称为脊椎功能单位)的损伤或病变时。
背景技术
在脊椎中，椎骨为脊柱提供了刚性和支撑，椎间盘可在运动期间提供柔性和减震性能。在一些个体中，椎间盘可由于创伤而受损和/或由于退变失去其完整性。退变和受损的椎间盘对脊椎的柔性和负载能力产生负面影响，可导致受检者疼痛和不适，可抑制受检者移动或举起物体的能力。
为了恢复退变或受损的椎间盘的功能，这种椎间盘通常通过手术至少部分地移除，并替换为人工椎间盘。人工椎间盘可采用植入物的形式，将相邻椎骨桥接起来并呈现出自然椎间盘的功能。这种植入物通常包括骨骼或促进骨骼生长的材料，在这种情况下该植入物通过新骨生长支持两个相邻椎骨的融合。因此，仍需要提供重建和保持脊椎自然对齐的用于替换椎间盘的植入物。
在一些情况下，骨癌或严重骨创伤使椎体的部分或全部移除变得必需。还需要提供植入物，以便进行椎体的三维重建以恢复失去的高度、填充空腔并提供重建椎骨的长期稳定性。
发明内容
本公开提供了脊椎植入物，该脊椎植入物可用于椎体重建和/或椎间盘替换。一般来讲，该植入物包括可膨胀线圈，并且该线圈包括顶部和底部，并且由具有第一端部、第二端部以及限定内腔的侧壁的中空管形成。第一端部和/或第二端部可以是开放的，也可以是闭合的。该线圈包括由中空管形成的多个环，并且垂直相邻的环在其各自的下侧壁和上侧壁之间具有间隙。因此该线圈包括多个环以及多个间隙。
在一些方面，植入物包括穿过延伸到内腔中的侧壁的多个孔。在一些方面，植入物包括穿过延伸到内腔中的侧壁的缝隙，而不是多个孔。该缝隙从第一端部纵向地延伸至第二端部，并且存在于已形成环的管的上表面或下表面。
植入物可包括散布在垂直相邻环之间的间隙从而占据该间隙的至少一个球囊。在一些方面，球囊容纳在内腔内，直到其被配置。该球囊可从内腔穿过间隙被配置到垂直相邻环之间的缝隙中。当处于垂直相邻环之间的间隙时，以及当填充时，球囊将线圈的环沿向上和向下的方向推开，从而使线圈膨胀。例如，随着球囊被填充并膨胀至其外向容量，球囊将推动位于该球囊正上方的环的下表面，从而向上推动该下表面(以及环)，并且球囊还会推动位于该球囊正下方的环的上表面，从而向下推动该上表面(以及环)。当线圈膨胀时，植入物的高度接近椎间盘高度和/或椎体高度，并且在一些方面，接近两个椎骨和至少一个椎间盘(例如，脊椎运动节段或脊柱功能单位)高度。在一些方面，脊椎运动节段包括两个相邻椎体、由它们的关节突形成的椎间关节、它们之间的椎间盘以及相关软组织。椎间盘和椎间关节(中线的每侧各一个)允许运动节段级别的屈曲、伸展、侧弯和旋转运动。所述至少一个球囊可为顺应性、半顺应性或非顺应性的。
中空管可由柔性金属构成，包括具有形状记忆能力的金属，实现了应力引发的超弹性、高达8％-10％张力的可逆变形。合适的金属包括钛、钢、铝或合金(诸如镍钛诺)。
骨移植材料或骨粘固剂可存在于内腔中，或可通过可释放地连接至第一端部并且还可操作地连接至骨移植材料或骨粘固剂供应源的工具的方式引入内腔中。因此，该工具可从供应源中取出骨移植材料或骨粘固剂，并且将其加入植入物的内腔中。骨移植材料可为自体松质骨、同种异体骨、脱矿骨基质(DBM)、成骨蛋白(BMP)、或它们的任何组合。骨粘固剂可包含磷酸钙或羟基磷灰石。
在一些方面，植入物包括多个球囊，包括2、3、4、5、6、7、8个或更多个球囊。这些球囊散布在各环之间的间隙中并且占据该间隙，包括这类球囊从内腔中配置后。这些球囊中的任一个可包括单个室或多个室。这些球囊可包括允许空气或流体进入室以填充球囊的开口。一种工具可以可释放地连接至该开口，并且此工具还可以可操作地连接至空气或流体供应源。加入(包括注入)该球囊中的流体可包括水、盐水、造影剂、水凝胶或骨粘固剂。流体在加入球囊室时可处于液态，并且在植入物植入后一旦加入球囊和/或体内，则可聚合、可结晶或能够固化。该一个或多个球囊可通过粘合剂的方式附连到环上，但在一些方面，并不使用粘合剂。
本公开还提供了用于扩充或重建椎体的方法、和用于修复或替换椎间盘的方法、以及用于重建脊椎运动节段的方法。这些方法通常包括将植入物(诸如，本文所述或所例示的任何植入物)植入椎体(如，椎体次全切手术在椎体中产生的空隙，由此移除部分椎骨)或椎间隙或移除的脊椎运动节段中；用一定量的流体填充球囊，该量足以从内腔配置球囊和/或使线圈膨胀并增加植入物的高度至所需高度；任选地，将骨移植材料或骨粘固剂从多个孔或缝隙和/或第一开口和第二开口配置到椎体或椎间隙中；以及任选地，从椎体或椎间隙中移除该可膨胀线圈。在配置骨移植材料或骨粘固剂的情况下，在配置骨移植材料或骨粘固剂后，可从椎体或椎间隙中移除线圈。
附图说明
在结合附图阅读时，通过下面的详细描述可最充分地理解本公开。需要强调的是，根据惯例，附图的各种特征结构未按比例绘制。相反，为了清晰起见，各种特征结构的尺寸随意放大或缩小。附图中包括以下图形：
图1A和图1B各自示出盘绕脊椎植入物的实施例的透视图，其不具有散布在线圈环之间的球囊；
图2A和图2B各自示出盘绕脊椎植入物的实施例的透视图，其具有散布在线圈环之间的球囊；
图3A示出具有定位于椎骨终板中心区域上的盘绕植入物的椎骨；
图3B示出具有各自定位于椎骨终板侧边区域的两个盘绕植入物的椎骨；
图4示出位于从椎体次全切手术移除的椎体的盘绕植入物；
图5A示出从线圈环的内腔配置球囊的剖面示图，其中侧壁中的缝隙相对狭窄；
图5B示出从线圈环的内腔配置球囊的剖面示图，其中侧壁中的缝隙相对较大，接近半管；并且
图6示出从线圈环形的内腔配置球囊的特写图，其中侧壁中的缝隙向下对准相邻环的上表面。
具体实施方式
与本公开的方面相关的各种术语在说明书和权利要求书中通篇使用。除非另外指明，否则此类术语被赋予本领域的通常含义。其他具体定义的术语应按照与本文所提供的定义相符的方式理解。
如通篇所用，单数形式“一个”、“一种”、“该”包括复数指代，除非另有明确说明。
术语“受检者”和“患者”可互换使用。患者可为任何动物，包括哺乳动物，诸如伴侣动物、实验动物和非人灵长类。优选人类。
本公开提供了为有需要的患者替换或重建椎间盘、替换或重建椎骨的至少一部分(诸如，椎体)、或者替换或重建脊椎运动节段的装置、系统和方法。该装置、系统和方法可应用于例如脊椎重建、修复或融合手术中。一种基本特征结构为具有散布在线圈间隙中的球囊的可膨胀线圈。较大的可膨胀线圈可用于重建椎体。较小的可膨胀线圈可在椎间隙中用于椎间盘替换。甚至更大的可膨胀线圈可用于重建跨至少两个椎体和至少一个椎间盘的脊椎运动节段。
可膨胀线圈的组件可使用任何合适的材料或材料组合制成。材料包括塑料、聚合物、金属和复合材料，优选为医用级或手术级，并且优选地为生物相容的，以及天然或人工骨。合适聚合物的非限制性例子包括聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚胺-酰亚胺(PAI)、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)、聚苯砜(PPSU)、聚甲醛(POM)和超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMW-PE)。合适金属的非限制性例子包括钛、钽、铝、手术级钢、以及合金，包括钛合金，诸如镍钛诺(镍钛合金)、Ti-6Al-4V(TAV)和Ti-6Al-7Nb(TAN)，以及钴铬合金。优选镍钛诺。碳也可用于制成植入物线圈的至少一部分。优选地，材料足够柔性以使得线圈可膨胀。
现在参见附图，其中类似的参考标号指代组成附图的各个图形中的类似元件，图1示出可膨胀线圈植入物10的一个例子。盘绕植入物10包括顶部12、底部14和多个可膨胀环16。由于植入物10为线圈，盘绕植入物10还包括散布在环16之间的多个间隙18。间隙18垂直取向于相邻环16之间。例如，每个环16包括具有上表面、下表面、外表面和内表面的侧壁20，并且每个间隙18位于环16的下表面的正下方以及在垂直平面内与上方环16最靠近的环16的上表面的正上方。间隙18位于垂直相邻的环之间，而不是水平相邻的环之间；中心空隙19位于水平相邻的环之间。盘绕植入物10包括通常位于顶部12上的第一端部11以及通常位于底部14上的第二端部13。第一端部11和第二端部13可包括尖头，或可以是平的，它们各自优选地为钝的。第一端部11和第二端部13可包括接合并钻入椎骨例如以帮助将植入物10固定到位的刃、倒钩或凸起。
盘绕植入物10的环16优选地为中空的，因此包括围绕内腔22(图5A和图5B)的管状侧壁20。管状侧壁20可包括基本上为圆形、椭圆形、四边形、五边形、六边形、七边形、或八边形的形状，但也可采用具有任何数量的边的形状。图1示出基本上为圆形形状的侧壁20。在一些方面，植入物10也可包括穿过侧壁20进入内腔22中的多个孔24。此外，在一些方面，第一端部11和第二端部13中的至少一个可包括开口15,17。
第一工具100可释放地接合植入物10的第一端部11或第二端部13中的任一者或两者。第一工具100可包括抓捕器或勒除器，或仅仅协调地被成形用于配合在开口15或17上方或内部，包括通过摩擦配合来实现。第一工具100可包括泵，和/或可以可操作地连接至骨移植材料供应源和/或空气或流体供应源。
在一些方面，植入物10不包括穿过侧壁20的多个孔24。相反，在这些方面，侧壁20包括穿过侧壁20进入内腔22中的缝隙26。缝隙26在植入物10的基本上整个长度上延展，例如，缝隙从第一端部11延伸至第二端部13。缝隙26可位于环16的侧壁20的上表面、下表面、外表面和内表面的任一者上。优选地，缝隙26位于侧壁20的上表面或下表面上。图6示出位于侧壁20的下表面的间隙26的一个例子。
在一些方面，环16之间的间隙18优选地由球囊30或膜30占据。本实施例的一个例子示于图2中。球囊30或膜30可在垂直相邻的环16的侧壁20之间例如通过摩擦配合而楔入，和/或可通过粘合剂的方式附连到侧壁20上。
在一些方面，球囊30或膜30最初不存在于间隙18中，例如在其植入过程期间。在这些方面，球囊30或膜30容纳于植入物10的内腔22内，并且一旦植入物10被置于椎骨或椎间隙内的所需位置，则从内腔22配置到间隙18中。容纳在内腔22中时，球囊30或膜30优选地基本上不充气。在这些方面，植入物10包括缝隙26，并且球囊30或膜30从内腔22穿过缝隙26配置到植入物10的间隙18中。参见例如图6。缝隙26可包括任何合适的宽度。参见例如图5A和图5B。球囊30或膜30可通过例如如本文所述填充气体或流体而进行配置。填充球囊30或膜30会迫使球囊或膜穿过缝隙26，在该缝隙中球囊或膜继续填充，变得楔入间隙18内，从而接触垂直相邻的环16的上下表面，随着它继续被填充，迫使垂直相邻环形16分别向上和向下，从而使线圈膨胀。
第二工具200可以可释放地接合球囊30或膜30的开口端，无论球囊30或膜30位于内腔22中和/或在间隙18中和/或在中心空隙19中。第二工具200可包括管，包括软塑料管或橡胶管、或甚至更具刚性的金属管。例如，这类管可接合球囊30或膜30上的开口，包括通过摩擦配合而接合。第二工具200可包括泵，和/或可以可操作地连接至空气或流体供应源。
第一工具100可用于保持植入物10，例如，以将盘绕植入物10置于椎体内或椎间隙中的其所需位置。第一工具100也可用于移动植入物10以将植入物10定位于其所需位置。在一些方面，第一工具100可用于将骨移植材料或骨粘固剂穿过第一端部11或第二端部13递送至植入物10的内腔22中。例如，骨移植材料可被挤出穿过第一工具100以及穿过第一工具100所附接的盘绕植入物10的开口15或17(取决于第一工具100是否附接于第一端部11或第二端部13)。然后，骨移植材料或骨粘固剂可进入并穿过内腔22，并且可穿过多个孔24、或缝隙26及未连接至第一工具100的开口15或17离开内腔22。因此，在多个孔24和开口15或17中配置骨移植材料或骨粘固剂。在一些方面，缝隙26可用于配置骨移植材料或骨粘固剂。
可使用一个以上球囊30或膜30。球囊30或膜30可由任何合适的材料制成。例如，材料可包括生物相容性塑料、聚合物、橡胶、复合材料、箔、或它们的组合。球囊30或膜30可为顺应性或半顺应性，例如可在填充后延展。球囊30或膜30可为非顺应性，例如在填充后基本上不可延展，但这类非顺应性球囊30或膜30可在折叠后展开。球囊30或膜30可包括单个容量或多个容量，例如，在后一种情况下，球囊30或膜30可具有多个可填充的室。球囊30或膜30包括至少一个开口，所述至少一个开口与各个室连通，其中可加入流体或空气以填充室。一旦球囊30或膜30被填充至需要程度，可例如使用塞子、捆绑物、粘合剂、密封件、焊料或其他合适的闭合件来闭合开口。开口可包括阀，包括自密封阀。
球囊30或膜30可以例如使用合适量的空气或流体进行填充。例如，球囊30或膜30可使用空气或流体至少部分地填充，以使得球囊30或膜30膨胀，从而在插入和放置植入物10的过程中将球囊30或膜30保持在环间间隙18中的适当位置。一旦植入物10就位于椎体或椎间隙内的所需位置，球囊30或膜30可填充更多的空气或流体以进一步使球囊30或膜30膨胀。随着球囊30或膜30被填充并膨胀，球囊或膜对线圈的相邻环16施加向外的压力，从而迫使环16沿着向上/向下的方向围绕轴线X彼此分离。随着环形16膨胀分离，植入物10的高度H增加。增加植入物10的高度H增强了植入物10在椎骨之间的配合，当用作椎间隙中椎间盘的替代时，可在相邻椎骨的终板之间建立所需距离，例如以便恢复原先由自然椎间盘占据的自然距离或建立脊柱前弯角度。
球囊30或膜30和环16一起可大致上“隔出”植入物10的中心19，中心19本质上为环16和间隙18所围绕的空隙19，其中间隙18可由球囊30或膜30占据。因此，在一些方面，骨移植材料(例如通过孔24和/或开口15或17配置的这种材料)可填充容纳在环16的内表面和球囊或膜30的内表面之间的空隙19，并且可接触椎骨，在一些方面接触相邻椎骨的骨。
在一些另选的实施例中，球囊30或膜30也存在于线圈中心的空隙19的至少一部分中。因此，球囊30或膜30可占据盘绕植入物10的中心19的一些或全部。这类球囊30或膜30也可位于环16之间的至少一个间隙18中，或者球囊30或膜30可以不占据环16之间的任一间隙18，并且基本上被组成线圈的多个环16包围。
骨移植材料可以是天然或合成的，可包括自体松质骨、同种异体骨、胶原-羟基磷灰石、脱矿骨基质(DBM)、多孔合成骨移植替代材料、成骨蛋白(BMP)、或它们的组合。可使用促进骨生长和骨整合的任何材料。骨移植材料可为糊状、油灰或浆液的形式。骨移植材料可包括生长因子。许多骨移植材料可商购获得，并且适合与植入物10结合使用。
球囊30或膜30可通过第二工具200的方式填充，该第二工具可附接至球囊30或膜的开口端，并且从而可将空气或流体递送至球囊30或膜30的室。流体可包括生理盐水溶液、射线不可透的造影剂，或者可包括水，或者可包括水凝胶，或者可包括可聚合单体或聚合物，或者可包括骨粘固剂，或者可包括可结晶材料。骨粘固剂的非限制性例子包括磷酸钙(CaP)和/或包括羟基磷灰石。优选地，流体为生物相容的。优选地，流体提供缓冲效果，还可承载一些来自脊椎运动(例如，当受试者移动或抬起物体时)的负荷力。对于椎骨重建，流体可为骨粘固剂并提供更少的缓冲效果和更多的负荷承载功能。流体可包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)。流体在加入球囊室时可处于液态，在植入物植入后一旦加入球囊和/或体内，则可聚合、可结晶或能够固化。
盘绕植入物10具有高度H(图1和图2)。在膨胀或不膨胀的情况下，植入物高度H优选地从顶部12的表面测量至底部14的表面。用于椎骨重建的盘绕植入物10可具有相对较大的高度H，基本上接近所重建的椎体的高度。用于椎间盘替换的盘绕植入物10可具有相对较小的高度H，基本上接近所替换的椎间盘的高度。
用于椎间盘替换的非膨胀盘绕植入物10(例如，椎间盘绕植入物10)的高度H可为约5mm至约20mm。在一些方面，所述非膨胀椎间盘替换植入物的高度H为约5mm至约10mm、约5mm至约12mm、约5mm至约14mm、约5mm至约15mm、约5mm至约16mm、约5mm至约18mm、约5mm至约20mm、约7mm至约10mm、约7mm至约12mm、约7mm至约14mm、约7mm至约15mm、约7mm至约16mm、约7mm至约18mm、约7mm至约20mm、约9mm至约12mm、约9mm至约14mm、约9mm至约15mm、约9mm至约16mm、约9mm至约18mm、约9mm至约20mm、约10mm至约12mm、约10mm至约14mm、约10mm至约15mm、约10mm至约16mm、约10mm至约18mm、约10mm至约20mm、约11mm至约13mm、约12mm至约14mm、约12mm至约15mm、约12mm至约16mm、约12mm至约18mm、约12mm至约20mm、约13mm至约15mm、约14mm至约16mm、约14mm至约18mm、约14mm至约20mm、约15mm至约17mm、约15mm至约18mm、或约15mm至约20mm。未膨胀植入物的高度可小于5mm或大于20mm。
膨胀的植入物10可接近所替换的椎间盘的高度，包括颈椎间盘、胸椎间盘、腰椎间盘或骶骨间盘。一旦膨胀，用于椎间盘替换的盘绕植入物10的高度H可为约5mm至约35mm。在一些方面，膨胀植入物的高度H为约7.5mm至约10mm、约7.5mm至约12mm、约7.5mm至约14mm、约7.5mm至约15mm、约7.5mm至约16mm、约7.5mm至约18mm、约7.5mm至约20mm、约7.5mm至约25mm、约7.5mm至约27mm、约7.5mm至约30mm、约9mm至约12mm、约9mm至约15mm、约8mm至约16mm、约8mm至约18mm、约8mm约20mm、约9mm至约22mm、约9mm至约24mm、约9mm至约25mm、约9mm至约30mm、约10mm至约12mm、约10mm至约14mm、约10mm至约15mm、约10mm至约16mm、约10mm至约18mm、约10mm至约20mm、约10mm至约22mm、约10mm至约24mm、约10mm至约26mm、约10mm至约28mm、约10mm至约30mm、约12mm至约16mm、约12mm至约18mm、约12mm至约20mm、约12mm至约22mm、约12mm至约24mm、约12mm至约26mm、约12mm至约30mm、约14mm至约18mm、约14mm至约20mm、约14mm至约22mm、约14mm至约24mm、约16mm至约18mm、约16mm至约20mm、约16mm至约22mm、约16mm至约24mm、约18mm至约20mm、约18mm至约22mm、约18mm至约25mm、约20mm至约22mm、约20mm至约24mm、约22mm至约26mm、或约23mm至约25mm。未膨胀植入物的高度可小于5mm或大于35mm。
用于椎体或脊椎运动节段重建的非膨胀盘绕植入物10(例如，椎体盘绕植入物10)的高度H可为约10mm至约60mm。在一些方面，高度H可为约10mm至约15mm、约10mm至约20mm、约10mm至约25mm、约10mm至约30mm、约10mm至约35mm、约10mm至约40mm、约10mm至约45mm、约15mm至约20mm、约15mm至约25mm、约15mm至约30mm、约15mm至约35mm、约15mm至约40mm、约15mm至约45mm、约20mm至约25mm、约20mm至约30mm、约20mm至约35mm、约20mm至约40mm、约20mm至约45mm、约25mm至约30mm、约25mm至约35mm、约25mm至约40mm、约25mm至约45mm、约30mm至约40mm、约30mm至约45mm、或约35mm至约40mm。
膨胀的植入物10可接近所重建的椎体或脊椎运动节段的高度，包括颈椎、胸椎、腰椎或骶骨椎体，在一些方面，也接近至少一个椎间盘的高度。一旦膨胀，用于椎体重建的盘绕植入物10的高度H可为约10mm至约80mm。在一些方面，膨胀的高度H可为约10mm至约15mm、约10mm至约20mm、约10mm至约25mm、约10mm至约30mm、约10mm至约35mm、约10mm至约40mm、约10mm至约45mm、约10mm至约50mm、约10mm至约55mm、约10mm至约60mm、约10mm至约70mm、约15mm至约20mm、约15mm至约25mm、约15mm至约30mm、约15mm至约35mm、约15mm至约40mm、约15mm至约45mm、约15mm至约50mm、约15mm至约55mm、约15mm至约60mm、约15mm至约70mm、约20mm至约25mm、约20mm至约30mm、约20mm至约35mm、约20mm至约40mm、约20mm至约45mm、约20mm至约50mm、约20mm至约55mm、约20mm至约60mm、约20mm至约65mm、约25mm至约30mm、约25mm至约35mm、约25mm至约40mm、约25mm至约45mm、约25mm至约50mm、约25mm至约55mm、约30mm至约40mm、约30mm至约45mm、约30mm至约50mm、约30mm至约45mm、约35mm至约40mm、约35mm至约45mm、约35mm至约50mm、或约35mm至约60mm。
一旦球囊30或膜30被填充，植入物高度H可增加多达约100％，或在一些方面，多达约125％，多达约150％，或多达约175％。优选地，植入物高度H相对于未膨胀的高度H增加约10％至约50％。相对于未膨胀的高度H，植入物高度H可增加约10％至约40％、约10％至约33％、约10％至约30％、约10％至约25％、约10％至约20％、约10％至约15％、约15％至约45％、约15％至约40％、约15％至约33％、约15％至约30％、约15％至约25％、约15％至约20％、约20％至约50％、约20％至约40％、约20％至约33％、约20％至约30％、约20％至约25％、约25％至约50％、约25％至约40％、约25％至约33％、约25％至约30％、约50％至约05％、约30％至约40％、或约40％至约50％。在一些方面，相对于其未膨胀的高度H，植入物高度H增加约10％、约15％、约20％、约25％、约30％、约35％、约40％、约45％、约50％、约55％、约60％、约65％、约70％、约75％、约80％、约85％、约90％、约95％、约100％、或更多。
在一些方面，盘绕植入物10包括脊柱前弯角，以便植入物10的一侧的高度H大于植入物10的相对侧的高度H。较大高度H和较小高度H可独立地具有本文所述或所例示的大小。
盘绕植入物10优选地具有基本上均匀的宽度W。该宽度可从植入物10的一侧上的环16的外表面测量至植入物10的相对侧上的环16的外表面。在盘绕植入物10具有基本上圆形的形状的实施例中，宽度W包括直径。盘绕植入物可包括非圆形形状，包括卵形或椭圆形、或者甚至不规则形状。
植入物的宽度W可为约10mm至约70mm。在一些方面，宽度W可为约10mm至约20mm、约10mm至约25mm、约10mm至约30mm、约10mm至约35mm、约10mm至约40mm、约10mm至约45mm、约10mm至约50mm、约10mm至约65mm、约15mm至约20mm、约15mm至约25mm、约15mm至约30mm、约15mm至约35mm、约15mm至约40mm、约15mm至约45mm、约15mm至约50mm、约15mm至约55mm、约15mm至约60mm、约15mm至约65mm、约15mm至约70mm、约20mm至约25mm、约20mm至约30mm、约20mm至约35mm、约20mm至约40mm、约20mm至约45mm、约20mm至约50mm、约20mm至约60mm、约20mm至约65mm、约20mm至约70mm、约25mm至约30mm、约25mm至约35mm、约25mm至约40mm、约25mm至约45mm、约25mm至约50mm、约25mm至约60mm、约30mm至约35mm、约30mm至约40mm、约30mm至约45mm、约30mm至约50mm、约30mm至约60mm、约35mm至约40mm、约35mm至约45mm、约35mm至约50mm、约35mm至约55mm、约40mm至约45mm、约40mm至约50mm、约40mm至约55mm、约45mm至约50mm、约45mm至约55mm、或约45mm至约60mm。宽度W可短于10mm或长于70mm。优选的是宽度W未延伸超过椎骨的外部尺寸。
在一些方面，盘绕植入物10优选地用于插入椎间隙中。因此，一旦插入，植入物10的顶部12和底部14接触相邻椎骨终板骨，其中植入物10就位于这些相邻的椎骨终板之间原先由损伤、病变或退化的椎间盘占据的间隙中。盘绕植入物10可插入颈椎、胸椎、腰椎、或骶骨椎骨的椎间隙中，高度H可取决于植入物在脊柱内的预期位置(例如，脊椎的颈椎、胸椎、腰椎或骶骨区)。
在一些方面，盘绕植入物10优选地用于椎体的三维重建。因此，一旦插入，植入物10的顶部12和底部14接近椎体的缺失部分，其中植入物10优选地就位于椎体内原先由损伤、病变或退化的椎骨节段占据的间隙中。盘绕植入物10可插入颈椎、胸椎、腰椎或骶骨椎骨，并且高度H可取决于骨的缺失部分。
在一些方面，盘绕植入物10优选地用于脊椎运动节段的三维重建。因此，一旦插入，植入物10的顶部12和底部14接近两个椎体和至少一个椎间盘的缺失部分，其中植入物10优选地就位于原先由损伤、病变或退化的椎骨和椎间盘节段占据的间隙内。盘绕植入物10可插入颈椎、胸椎、腰椎或骶骨椎骨以及其各自椎间盘的间隙中，并且高度H可取决于骨和椎间盘的缺失部分。
植入物10可作为脊椎融合手术的一部分被插入体内，或可以椎间盘假体的形式插入而不用参与任何融合。在后一种情况下，例如，植入物10占据椎间隙，但不促进新骨生长或相邻椎骨融合。如果不融合，植入物10可在未来某个时间点从椎间隙中移除。当用作脊椎融合手术的一部分时，植入物10包括骨移植材料递送，就是这种骨移植材料促进了新骨生长以及植入物10的骨整合。
在一些优选方面，用于制备植入物10的侧壁20的材料具有弹性并且也具有形状记忆。例如，该材料可用于在受检者体外形成线圈，并且该线圈可被拉直以便插入受检者体内，例如以最小化插入过程中植入物穿过的切口的大小，但是拉直的线圈在插入体内后将恢复至线圈形状。一种包括柔性丝的导丝可用于将非盘绕植入物10引导至其在椎间盘间隙中或椎体中的位置，并且一旦植入物10处于所需位置时就会被移除，其中导丝的移除允许该线圈根据制备盘绕植入物10的材料的形状记忆重新成形。
在一些方面，植入物10包括温度记忆，例如热记忆。例如，具有热记忆的植入物10可在室温下被拉直，但是在加热温度(包括体温)下盘绕。在一些方面，植入物10包括超弹性记忆。例如，一种直管(如，镍钛诺)可在高温(如，480-520℃)下预成型为线圈，并且在例如冷却水中淬火。盘绕管可强制展开并插入/受限于直形套管或护套，但是当从直形套管或护套中释放时，由于制备该管的材料具有超弹性记忆，因此该管自动重新盘绕。
植入物10无论为盘绕形式或拉直形式(包括导丝，如果使用的话)，可通过前路或后路外科手术插入受检者体内。植入物10可通过椎骨前面、后面、侧面或小孔插入。植入物10可经椎弓根插入。
在椎间盘替换手术中，移除损伤或退化的椎间盘的至少一部分；在一些方面，可移除整个椎间盘。然后，可对椎间盘间隙进行塑形和制备以容纳盘绕植入物10，包括椎骨终板骨的塑形和制备(如果需要的话)。一旦椎间隙准备好，至少一个盘绕植入物10可插入制备好的椎间隙中。盘绕植入物10可以非盘绕直形管的形式插入体内，例如通过将非盘绕植入物10穿过直形套管安置，其中该套管插入体内。然后植入物10可从套管中释放，之后植入物10将重新盘绕。重新盘绕可能是因为用于制备植入物10的材料的热记忆或超弹性记忆。
在椎体重建手术中，移除损伤或病变的椎体的至少一部分(如，椎体次全切手术)；在一些方面，可移除整个椎体。然后，可对椎体部分进行塑形和制备以容纳盘绕植入物10。一旦椎间隙准备好，至少一个盘绕植入物10可插入制备好的椎体部分。盘绕植入物10可以非盘绕直形管的形式插入体内，例如通过将非盘绕植入物10穿过直形套管安置，其中该套管插入体内。然后植入物10可从套管中释放，之后植入物10将重新盘绕。重新盘绕可能是因为用于制备植入物10的材料的热记忆或超弹性记忆。
用于插入植入物10的椎体区域的制备可包括造腔手术。在这类手术中，执业医师在围绕插入物目标部位的局部区域周围形成空腔，例如，通过使用空腔形成球囊(不是植入物10的球囊30)推动松质骨分离。一旦空腔形成，可该空腔形成球囊放气并移除，留下扩大的间隙或空腔。此空腔减少了插入植入物10时伴随的阻力，包括通过套管插入。事实上，该空腔可用于允许拉直的植入物10在空腔内根据其热记忆或超弹性记忆重新盘绕。
可将一个以上盘绕植入物10植入椎间隙或椎体内。尽管在一些方面可使用一个盘绕植入物10，但在一些方面可植入二个或者甚至三个植入物10。盘绕植入物10可放置在椎骨终板的前区、后区或侧区，包括椎骨终板的前侧区或后侧区，参见例如图3A。在使用一个以上植入物10的情况下，一个植入物10可放置在前区中，第二植入物10可放置在后区中(参见例如图3B)，或者一个植入物10可放置在一个侧区中并且第二植入物10可放置在相对的侧区中。
一旦植入物10处于适当的位置，球囊30或膜30可使用空气或流体填充至所需程度，从而通过迫使球囊30或膜30接触的环16围绕植入物10的轴线X向上和向下移动，而使线圈的高度H扩展。该轴线X优选地接近受试者脊椎的垂直取向，例如直行人类的垂直脊椎。在一些方面，例如，在受检者是四足行走的动物的情况下，轴线X可接近受检者脊椎的水平取向。空气或流体可由第二工具200供应。
在一些方面，植入物10处于适当位置后，但在球囊30或膜30填充空气或流体之前，球囊30或膜30中可填充造影溶液，诸如放射性造影溶液，以便在确立持久性之前可使植入物10的盘绕(如果以非盘绕的形式插入，并在原位盘绕)和/或放置可视化并得到确认，例如通过用持久性空气或流体填充球囊和/或通过配置骨移植材料或骨粘固剂。用造影溶液填充球囊30或膜30也可用于可视化并确认球囊30或膜将从缝隙26正确地配置和/或进入间隙18中。造影溶液优选地在球囊30或膜30填充有空气或流体之前从球囊30或膜30中移除。
空气或流体的含量可根据受检者的需要而变化，包括椎间隙的正确恢复高度，或椎体的正确重建高度。在一些方面，一个以上球囊30或膜30存在于盘绕植入物10中，或具有一个以上室的单个球囊30或膜30存在于盘绕植入物中。在这些方面，第一球囊30或膜30或者球囊30或膜30的第一室可填充至一个程度，并且至少第二球囊30或膜30或者球囊30或膜的第二室可填充至高于或低于第一球囊30或膜或第一室的程度的另一个程度，以便在椎间隙中形成脊柱前弯角。换句话说，其中一个球囊30或膜30或者其中单个球囊30或膜30的一个室填充至一个程度，并且另一个球囊30或膜或者单个球囊30或膜30的另一个室填充至另一个程度，盘绕植入物10的膨胀高度H至少在两侧上不同，这种在这些侧面上的高度的不同形成了所需的脊柱前弯角。
在填充球囊30或膜30之前、之后或同时，可从植入物10配置骨移植材料。例如，骨移植材料可例如通过第一工具100的方式插入开口15或17，从多个孔24插入内腔22中，以及任选地还从其他开口15或17插入椎间隙中。配置后，骨移植材料可存在于线圈外部上和周围，和/或可存在于线圈内部上和周围，包括环16和球囊30或膜30形成的中心空隙19。在一些方面，骨移植材料预装载到内腔22中，并且迫使空气、水或盐水进入开口15或17，从而迫使骨移植材料溢出孔24。骨移植材料保留在适当位置并促进植入物的骨整合，在一些方面，随着骨开始由骨移植材料形成，可促进相邻椎骨融合。
在一些任选实施例中，在填充球囊30或膜30后，从受检者体内移除盘绕植入物10。在这种情况下，球囊30或膜30被保留并且支持椎间盘替换或椎体重建。如果盘绕植入物10保留，植入物10以及球囊30或膜30支持椎间盘替换或椎体重建。植入物10和/或球囊30或膜30作为缺失椎间盘或缺失椎体，直到骨移植材料介导的骨整合和融合充分进行。
本公开不限于上文所述和所例示的实施例，而应能够在所附权利要求书的范围内进行变型和修改。

Claims (24)

1.一种脊椎植入物，所述脊椎植入物包括：可膨胀线圈，所述可膨胀线圈包括具有第一端部、第二端部、限定内腔的侧壁、以及穿过所述侧壁的多个孔的中空管，所述中空管形成到在垂直相邻的环的下侧壁和上侧壁之间具有间隙的多个环中，并且至少一个球囊存在于垂直相邻的环之间的所述间隙中的至少一些中，其中当所述线圈膨胀时，所述植入物的高度接近椎间盘的高度、椎体的高度或脊椎运动节段的高度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述中空管包括镍、钛、钢、铝、或它们的合金。
3.根据权利要求2所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述合金包括镍钛诺。
4.根据权利要求1所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述至少一个球囊包括单个室。
5.根据权利要求1所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述至少一个球囊包括多个室。
6.根据权利要求4所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述室包含选自水、生理盐水溶液、射线不可透的造影剂、水凝胶和骨粘固剂的流体。
7.根据权利要求5所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述多个室包含选自水、生理盐水溶液、射线不可透的造影剂、水凝胶和骨粘固剂的流体。
8.根据权利要求1所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述至少一个球囊为顺应性或半顺应性球囊。
9.根据权利要求1所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述至少一个球囊为非顺应性球囊。
10.一种脊椎植入物，所述脊椎植入物包括：可膨胀线圈，所述可膨胀线圈包括具有第一端部、第二端部、限定内腔的侧壁、以及穿过从所述第一端部延伸至所述第二端部的所述侧壁的缝隙的中空管，所述中空管形成到在垂直相邻的环的下侧壁和上侧壁之间具有间隙的多个环中，并且至少一个球囊存在于所述内腔中，其中当所述线圈膨胀时，所述植入物的高度接近椎间盘的高度、椎体的高度或脊椎运动节段的高度。
11.根据权利要求10所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述中空管包括钛、钢、铝、或它们的合金。
12.根据权利要求11所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述合金包括镍钛诺。
13.根据权利要求10所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述至少一个球囊包括单个室。
14.根据权利要求10所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述至少一个球囊包括多个室。
15.根据权利要求13所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述室包含选自水、生理盐水溶液、射线不可透的造影剂、水凝胶和骨粘固剂的流体。
16.根据权利要求14所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述多个室包含选自水、生理盐水溶液、射线不可透的造影剂、水凝胶和骨粘固剂的流体。
17.根据权利要求10所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述至少一个球囊为顺应性或半顺应性球囊。
18.根据权利要求10所述的脊椎植入物，其特征在于，所述至少一个球囊为非顺应性球囊。
19.一种重建椎体的方法，所述方法包括将权利要求1所述的植入物植入椎体中；用一定量的流体填充所述至少一个球囊，所述量足以使所述线圈膨胀并增加所述植入物的高度；任选地，将骨移植材料或骨粘固剂从所述多个孔配置到所述椎体中；以及任选地，从所述椎体中移除所述可膨胀线圈。
20.一种替换椎间盘的方法，所述方法包括将权利要求1所述的植入物植入已从其移除所述椎间盘的至少一部分的椎间隙中；用一定量的流体填充所述至少一个球囊，所述量足以使所述线圈膨胀并增加所述植入物的高度；任选地，将骨移植材料或骨粘固剂从所述多个孔配置到所述椎间隙中；以及任选地，从所述椎间隙中移除所述可膨胀线圈。
21.一种重建椎体的方法，所述方法包括将权利要求10所述的植入物植入椎体中；用一定量的流体填充所述至少一个球囊，所述量足以将所述至少一个球囊从所述缝隙配置到垂直相邻的环的下侧壁和上侧壁之间的间隙中，从而使所述线圈膨胀并增加所述植入物的高度；任选地，将骨移植材料或骨粘固剂从所述缝隙配置到所述椎体中；以及任选地，从所述椎体中移除所述可膨胀线圈。
22.一种替换椎间盘的方法，所述方法包括将权利要求10所述的植入物植入已从其移除所述椎间盘的至少一部分的椎间隙中；用一定量的流体填充所述至少一个球囊，所述量足以将所述至少一个球囊从所述缝隙配置到垂直相邻的环的下侧壁和上侧壁之间的间隙中，从而使所述线圈膨胀并增加所述植入物的高度；任选地，将骨移植材料或骨粘固剂从所述缝隙配置到所述椎间隙中；以及任选地，从所述椎间隙中移除所述可膨胀线圈。
23.一种重建脊椎运动节段的方法，所述方法包括将权利要求1所述的植入物植入原先由两个椎体的至少一部分以及至少一个椎间盘占据的空隙中；用一定量的流体填充所述至少一个球囊，所述量足以使所述线圈膨胀并增加所述植入物的高度；任选地，将骨移植材料或骨粘固剂从所述缝隙配置到所述空隙中；以及任选地，从所述空隙中移除所述可膨胀线圈。
24.一种重建脊椎运动节段的方法，所述方法包括将权利要求10所述的植入物植入原先由两个椎体的至少一部分以及至少一个椎间盘占据的空隙中；用一定量的流体填充所述至少一个球囊，所述量足以将所述至少一个球囊从所述缝隙配置到垂直相邻的环的下侧壁和上侧壁之间的间隙中，从而使所述线圈膨胀并增加所述植入物的高度；任选地，将骨移植材料或骨粘固剂从所述缝隙配置到所述空隙中；以及任选地，从所述空隙中移除所述可膨胀线圈。
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