CN105186541A - Regional power grid reactive power optimization method based on limit tidal current - Google Patents
Regional power grid reactive power optimization method based on limit tidal current Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a regional power grid reactive power optimization method based on limit tidal current. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out the tidal current calculation for electric power information of a regional power grid, thereby obtaining a tidal current calculation current; according to the tidal current calculation result, thereby obtaining a voltage drift rate and a gate power factor; determining a weight coefficient of the voltage drift rate and the gate power factor, thereby obtaining a weight sum of the voltage drift rate and gate power factor weight coefficient; and judging whether the weight sum is greater than an engineering threshold value or not. The regional power grid reactive optimization method can adapt to the reactive configuration requirement under different load ways, a PQ-PV node type conversion way and a loose transform gear constraint way are adopted according to the characteristics of an optimization problem feasible domain under different load ways, an optimization space for the problems such as the reactive configuration can be further enlarged, and the reactive configuration of the electric power system is enabled to sufficiently meet the load requirement on the theoretical aspect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reactive power control of power systems, in particular to a regional power grid reactive power optimization method based on limit power flow.
Background
With the rapid development of power grid construction, the coverage area of a power grid is continuously enlarged, the structure is gradually complicated, and the stability, safety and reliability of power grid operation become more important. At present, power dispatching, automation departments, relay protection, operation maintenance, communication departments and the like of a power supply company respectively perform their functions but also need to be in full-force cooperation, so that the working efficiency of the power supply company can be greatly improved by timely and accurately acquiring related power grid operation information, and meanwhile, each department can exert the advantages in respective professional fields and better cooperate with each other to ensure the normal operation of a power grid; the method has the advantages that a scheduling data sharing channel is opened, an information network which is not limited by time and regions is established, the support and cooperation of each department on scheduling work are enhanced, the subjective activity of each work link is exerted, a solid foundation is laid for establishing a more harmonious and efficient work mode, and the method is an important guarantee for the normal operation of a power grid.
Regional power grid reactive power optimization is an important means for guaranteeing economic and safe operation of a power grid, maintaining a certain voltage level and reducing network loss. Under the condition of meeting constraint conditions such as power flow equation constraint, node voltage constraint, generator output constraint and the like, reactive power optimization can achieve the aims of minimum active loss of a system, best voltage quality, lowest operation cost or maximum voltage stability margin by adjusting the distribution of reactive power flow.
At present, under the requirement of provincial and local integrated coordination control, the regional power grid has the problems that the power factor of the high-voltage side of a main transformer is generally low, and the capacity of parallel reactive compensation equipment is not matched with the system requirement, so that the voltage qualification rate is low, the electric energy loss in a power transmission and distribution network is serious, and the challenges are brought to the operation safety and the service life of the equipment. The reactive power optimization problem is summarized according to the current domestic and foreign research process and operation experience, and mainly comprises two aspects: 1) the existing reactive power configuration can meet the requirements of a system or the system is in a low-load mode, the feasible region is further limited by the limitation of the transformer gear and the limitation of the switching times and the switching times of a capacitor, but an optimal solution always exists, and if the optimization method is not properly selected, only a suboptimal solution is probably found; 2) the existing reactive power configuration can not meet the load requirement at all or the system is in a large load mode, and the optimal solution is not in a feasible domain under the matching of the existing parameters, so the optimization result is often a boundary value, and the system voltage is out of limit or the reactive power is out of limit seriously.
Aiming at the problems 1) scholars at home and abroad propose various improved algorithms, such as a genetic algorithm, a mixed algorithm based on the genetic algorithm and an interior point method, a primary-dual interior point method and the like, which can better solve the problems of calculation precision and convergence, but have large calculation amount and high complexity, and the application in a large-scale power grid needs to be further researched; the problem 2) existing reactive power optimization cannot be solved, and for regional power grids, reactive power planning is relatively conservative, so that a more economic and safe physical basis cannot be provided for system operation.
Based on the above problems, a solution to the problem of mismatch between the current reactive power configuration and the system requirements needs to be found, and a technical basis is provided for adding reactive power equipment configuration and capacity selection, so that the economy and safety of power grid operation are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a regional power grid reactive power optimization method based on limit power flow.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for collecting power information of a regional power grid to perform a power flow calculation, and obtaining a power flow calculation result;
obtaining a voltage deviation rate and a gateway power factor according to the load flow calculation result;
determining the weight coefficients of the voltage offset rate and the gateway power factor, and obtaining the weighted sum of the voltage offset rate and the gateway power factor weight coefficients;
judging whether the weighted sum is greater than an engineering threshold value;
when the weighted sum is larger than an engineering threshold value, converting the load node of the regional power grid from a PQ node to a PV node, and obtaining a power shortage load node and a power shortage total amount;
converting the power shortage load node from a PV node to a PQ node, and judging whether the voltage deviation rate and the gateway power factor after the load node conversion are improved or not;
converting a load node PQ node in a regional power grid into a PV node when the voltage offset rate and the gateway power factor are not improved; when the voltage deviation rate and the gateway power factor are not improved, performing reactive power optimization according to the adjusted power flow parameters;
when the weighted sum is not greater than the engineering threshold value, the gear limit of the relaxation transformer is carried out; and then carrying out reactive power optimization.
Preferably, the load nodes for converting the PQ node into the PV node in the regional power grid include 10KV node and 30KV node.
Preferably, the transition of the power deficit load node from the PV node to the PQ node is performed step by step; the method for gradually switching the power shortage load node from the PV node to the PQ node comprises the following steps: and judging whether the voltage deviation rate and the gateway power factor after the conversion of the load nodes are improved or not every time one load node is recovered.
Preferably, the objective function of the reactive power optimization model is as follows:
wherein, Δ PiIs the active loss of the electrical component; λ is a weight coefficient; vispecIs the voltage desired value of node i; vimaxIs the maximum voltage at node i.
Preferably, the constraint conditions of the reactive power optimization include equality constraints and inequality constraints, and the inequality constraints include control variable constraints and state variable constraints.
Preferably, the function of the equality constraint is:
wherein, Pi、QiInjection power for node i; u shapejIs the node voltage amplitude; thetaijIs the phase of node i, jAnd (4) angular difference.
Preferably, the function of the state variable constraint is:
wherein Q isGmin、QGmaxThe upper limit and the lower limit of the reactive power output of the generator are set; u shapemin、UmaxThe upper and lower limits of the node voltage are set; qTimin、QTimaxThe upper and lower limits of the reactive power of the high-voltage side of the gateway transformer are defined.
Preferably, the function of the control variable constraint is:
wherein the capacitor Q is connected in parallelCi∈NC'; transformer gear TKi∈NT；Andthe upper limit of the amount of relaxation is expressed,andrepresents the lower limit of the amount of relaxation;
and adding the constraint as:
wherein,andrepresenting the upper limit and the lower limit of the gear relaxation amount of the transformer; t isKi' is the step size of the transformer gear;andupper and lower limits of relaxation representing capacitor capacity; qCi' is the capacity of a set of capacitors; s1、s2、y1、y2∈Z。
Preferably, the result of the reactive power optimization is
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
in order to adapt to reactive power configuration requirements under different load modes, the invention adopts a PQ-PV node type conversion mode and a mode of relaxing transformer gear constraint according to the characteristics of the feasible domains of optimization problems under different load modes, ensures that reactive power configuration of a power system can fully meet the load requirements theoretically, further expands the optimization space of the original problem, adjusts the iteration direction of the optimization tide to enable the problem to enter a delocalization mode, and obtains nodes with unreasonable reactive power configuration and corresponding capacity according to the reactive power shortage indexes of the load nodes; meanwhile, under the operation of the node conversion mode, the whole power grid is in a limit state of reactive power compensation considering safety and economy, and the reactive power optimization flow at the moment is called as limit flow.
1) The method has the advantages that the safe economic characteristic is that when a model is built, the active loss and the voltage deviation rate of the system are taken as target functions, the improvement of the voltage quality and the improvement of the management capability of the reactive power supply of the system are fully considered, and a better physical basis is provided for the safe economic operation of the system;
2) the method has the advantages that the method performs PQ-PV node type conversion on the load nodes and relaxes the gear constraint mode of the transformer according to the optimization problem feasible domain characteristics under different load modes, the uncertainty of the system operation mode is fully considered, and the reactive power configuration under different load modes can be researched;
3) intuitively and clearly, the invention obtains the reactive configuration capacity which needs to be added by the node according to the reactive vacancy index through the conversion from the PQ node to the PV node of the load node type, and can optimize the network structure of the current power grid by relaxing the limitation of the transformer gear, and can obtain whether the running state of the current power grid needs to be optimized and what measure to take through the optimal structure, and can obtain the corresponding most intuitive, clear and reasonable suggestion for the power grid running scheduling and planning department;
4) the invention has strong robustness, can be applied to large-scale regional power grids and IEEE standard systems, can give suggestions of reasonable reactive power configuration and network structure optimization under various load modes, and has wide applicability and robustness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a 220kV single station grid structure in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an embodiment and provides a regional power grid reactive power optimization method based on limit power flow; the method comprises the following steps:
and S1, collecting the power information of the regional power grid to perform load flow calculation, and obtaining a load flow calculation result.
The load mode of the load in the power grid presents that a typical daily load curve has certain periodicity, but under the uncertainty of the system operation environment, the load fluctuation is added, so that a non-negligible error exists between the actual load value and the typical predicted value. Therefore, before performing reactive power optimization, it is necessary to extract feasible domain features under different load modes and perform different processing means according to the corresponding features.
Under a typical load mode, a theoretical optimal solution does not exist in a feasible domain, and the feasible domain characteristics are closely related to corresponding voltage deviation rate and gateway power factor indexes under different load modes, so that the feasible domain characteristics can be characterized by calculating the indexes.
And S2, obtaining a voltage deviation rate and a gateway power factor according to the load flow calculation result.
Therefore, the invention carries out characterization judgment by obtaining the voltage deviation rate and the gateway power factor of the key influencing factors from the big data of the power flow.
And S3, determining the voltage offset rate and the weighting coefficient of the gateway power factor, and obtaining the weighted sum of the voltage offset rate and the weighting coefficient of the gateway power factor. The weighted sum is the sum of the voltage offset rate and the gate power factor multiplied by their weighting coefficients.
After relevant parameters of the voltage deviation rate and the gateway power factor are obtained from the power system, the operation state of the power grid is judged by calculating the weighted sum of the key influence factors. The weighting coefficients referred to in the present invention may be pre-input with parameters or determined by a layer analysis method or an empirical value method. Wherein the weight factor refers to the importance of the influencing factor among all factors.
After the weighted sum is obtained, judging whether the weighted sum is greater than an engineering threshold value;
s4, when the weighted sum is larger than the engineering threshold value, converting a PQ node in the load nodes of the regional power grid into a PV node; and obtaining a power shortage load node and a total power shortage. The total power deficit is the capacity required under the PV node type-the capacity delivered by the reactive power source + the load demand of the node. The engineering threshold value is a preset parameter; which is associated with various influencing factor data in the power system.
And converting the power shortage load node from the PV node to the PQ node, and judging whether the voltage deviation rate and the gateway power factor after the load node conversion are improved or not.
Whether the voltage offset rate and the gateway power factor are improved or not means that after adjustment operation is carried out, relevant influence factor parameters are obtained from the adjusted power flow data, the voltage offset rate and the gateway power factor are calculated, whether the adjusted data are closer to rated data or preset parameters or not is judged, and when the parameters are closer to the rated data or preset data than the adjusted data, the parameters are considered to be improved.
S5, converting a load node PQ node in the regional power grid into a PV node when the voltage deviation rate and the gateway power factor are not improved; when the voltage deviation rate and the gateway power factor are not improved, performing reactive power optimization according to the adjusted power flow parameters;
s6, when the weighted sum is not larger than the engineering threshold value, the gear limit of the relaxation transformer is carried out; and then carrying out reactive power optimization.
The objective function of the reactive optimization model of the invention is as follows:
wherein, Δ PiIs the active loss of the electrical component; λ is a weight coefficient; vispecIs the voltage desired value of node i; vimaxIs the maximum voltage at node i.
Preferably, the constraint conditions of the reactive power optimization include equality constraints and inequality constraints, and the inequality constraints include control variable constraints and state variable constraints.
Preferably, the function of the equality constraint is:
wherein, Pi、QiInjection power for node i; u shapejIs the node voltage amplitude; thetaijIs the phase angle difference of the nodes i, j.
Preferably, the function of the state variable constraint is:
wherein Q isGmin、QGmaxThe upper limit and the lower limit of the reactive power output of the generator are set; u shapemin、UmaxThe upper and lower limits of the node voltage are set; qTimin、QTimaxThe upper and lower limits of the reactive power of the high-voltage side of the gateway transformer are defined.
Preferably, the function of the control variable constraint is:
wherein the capacitor Q is connected in parallelCi∈NC'; transformer gear TKi∈NT；Andthe upper limit of the amount of relaxation is expressed,andrepresents the lower limit of the amount of relaxation;
and adding the constraint as:
wherein,andrepresenting the upper limit and the lower limit of the gear relaxation amount of the transformer; t isKi' is the step size of the transformer gear;andupper and lower limits of relaxation representing capacitor capacity; qCi' is the capacity of a set of capacitors; s1、s2、y1、y2∈Z。
Preferably, the result of the reactive power optimization is
The step limitation of the relaxation transformer in the invention means that the existing transformer step has limitation in the operation process, and generally the transformer step is limited to be only capable of being adjusted by one step; after the gear of the transformer is loosened, the gear of the transformer can be adjusted by at least 2 gears, and the gear change range of the transformer is expanded.
The capacity limit of the capacitor and the gear limit of the transformer are important factors influencing reactive power optimization, so when the capacitor is loosened, the loosening strategy needs to be adjusted according to different load modes. The establishment of the extreme power flow model is described below by taking a certain 220kV single station as an example.
Under the coordination requirement, particularly under the condition of large load, aiming at economic and safe operation, the 500kV main network cannot transmit large-capacity reactive power, and reactive power compensation is carried out according to the principle of local balance; in a small mode, a 500kV main network is abundant in reactive power, and regional power grids need enough regulation measures to ensure safe operation of the power grids.
In fig. 2, the total load of the system is 243.0648+ j73.05MVA, the gateway power factor in the basic power flow is 0.941, in order to meet the requirement that the gateway power factor is more than 0.95 and meet the load requirement of the system, a capacitor of a 10kV bus is put into the system, so that the 110KV voltage of the system is out of limit, and a local power grid must be cut off between the qualified voltage and the gateway power factor, which directly reflects the irrationality of reactive configuration of the system.
Thus, introducing a relaxation variableAndthe upper limit of the amount of relaxation is expressed,anda lower limit of the relaxation amount is expressed, and the control variable is relaxed; in the existing reactive power configuration, the 10kV bus is likely to have no parallel capacitor, so that under the framework of extreme power flow, corresponding capacitors w are required to be added to form a set NCEThen N isC'＝{NC,NCEAre constrained to the following form
Wherein the capacitor Q is connected in parallelCi∈NC'; transformer gear TKi∈NT。
And adding constraints
Wherein,andrepresenting the upper limit and the lower limit of the gear relaxation amount of the transformer; t isKi' is the step size of the transformer gear;andupper and lower limits of relaxation representing capacitor capacity; qCi' is the capacity of a set of capacitors; s1、s2、y1、y2∈Z。
Under the framework of extreme power flow, more strict limits are carried out on the gateway power factor and the node voltage amplitude in the state variable, so that the regional power grid reactive power optimization model is changed into the following form:
wherein the function of the equality constraint is:
the function of the state variable constraint is:
the result of the optimization that can be derived is:
the optimal solution structure can be used for obtaining that under extreme tide, if the looseness of the transformer gear is large, the reactive power configuration of the power grid under the section is proved to meet the requirement, and the network structure is to be optimized; similarly, if the capacitor relaxation amount is large, the unreasonable configuration of the reactive power of the power grid is proved, and corresponding suggestions are given to a power grid planning department.
In the embodiment of the invention, the load nodes for converting the PQ nodes into the PV nodes in the regional power grid comprise 10KV nodes and 30KV nodes.
In an embodiment of the invention, the conversion of a power deficit load node from a PV node to a PQ node is performed step by step; the method for gradually switching the power shortage load node from the PV node to the PQ node comprises the following steps: and judging whether the voltage deviation rate and the gateway power factor after the conversion of the load nodes are improved or not every time one load node is recovered.
Claims (10)
1. A regional power grid reactive power optimization method based on limit power flow comprises the following steps:
collecting power information of a regional power grid to perform load flow calculation, and obtaining a load flow calculation result;
obtaining a voltage deviation rate and a gateway power factor according to the load flow calculation result;
determining the weight coefficients of the voltage offset rate and the gateway power factor, and obtaining the weighted sum of the voltage offset rate and the gateway power factor weight coefficients;
judging whether the weighted sum is greater than an engineering threshold value;
when the weighted sum is larger than an engineering threshold value, converting the load node of the regional power grid from a PQ node to a PV node, and obtaining a power shortage load node and a power shortage total amount;
converting the power shortage load node from a PV node to a PQ node, and judging whether the voltage deviation rate and the gateway power factor after the load node conversion are improved or not;
converting a load node in a regional power grid from a PQ node to a PV node when the voltage offset rate and a gateway power factor are not improved; when the voltage deviation rate and the gateway power factor are not improved, performing reactive power optimization according to the adjusted power flow parameters;
when the weighted sum is not greater than the engineering threshold value, the gear limit of the relaxation transformer is carried out; and finishing reactive power optimization.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the load nodes for converting the PQ nodes into the PV nodes in the regional power grid comprise 10KV nodes and 30KV nodes.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the transition of the power deficit load node from the PV node to the PQ node is done step by step.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: the method for gradually switching the power shortage load node from the PV node to the PQ node comprises the following steps: and judging whether the voltage deviation rate and the gateway power factor after the conversion of the load nodes are improved or not every time one load node is recovered.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the objective function of the reactive power optimization model is as follows:
wherein, Δ PiIs the active loss of the electrical component; λ is a weight coefficient; vispecIs the voltage desired value of node i; vimaxIs the maximum voltage at node i.
6. The method of claim 1 or 5, wherein: the constraint conditions of the reactive power optimization comprise equality constraints and inequality constraints, and the inequality constraints comprise control variable constraints and state variable constraints.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: the function of the equality constraint is:
wherein, Pi、QiInjection power for node i; u shapejIs the node voltage amplitude; thetaijIs the phase angle difference of the nodes i, j.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein: the function of the state variable constraint is:
wherein Q isGmin、QGmaxThe upper limit and the lower limit of the reactive power output of the generator are set; u shapemin、UmaxThe upper and lower limits of the node voltage are set; qTimin、QTimaxThe upper and lower limits of the reactive power of the high-voltage side of the gateway transformer are defined.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein: the function of the control variable constraint is:
wherein the capacitor Q is connected in parallelCi∈NC'; transformer gear TKi∈NT； <math>
<msub>
<mover>
<mi>Q</mi>
<mo>‾</mo>
</mover>
<mrow>
<mi>C</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</math> And <math>
<msub>
<mover>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>‾</mo>
</mover>
<mrow>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</math> the upper limit of the amount of relaxation is expressed, and represents the lower limit of the amount of relaxation;
and adding the constraint as:
wherein, <math>
<msub>
<mover>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>‾</mo>
</mover>
<mrow>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</math> and representing the upper limit and the lower limit of the gear relaxation amount of the transformer; t isKi' is the step size of the transformer gear; <math>
<msub>
<mover>
<mi>Q</mi>
<mo>‾</mo>
</mover>
<mrow>
<mi>C</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
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</math> and representing the capacity of the capacitorUpper and lower limits of the amount of relaxation; qCi' is the capacity of a set of capacitors; s1、s2、y1、y2∈Z。
10. The method of claim 1 or 5, wherein: the result of the reactive power optimization is
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| CN104362647A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-02-18 | 大唐（赤峰）新能源有限公司 | Control method used for AVC (automatic voltage control) to control SVG (static var generator) |
| CN104485661A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-04-01 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司 | Tidal current automatic regulating method based on node type conversion |
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| WO2021166534A1 (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-08-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | System planning assistance system and system planning assistance method |
| JP2021136695A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-09-13 | 株式会社日立製作所 | System plan support system and system plan support method |
| JP7254041B2 (en) | 2020-02-21 | 2023-04-07 | 株式会社日立製作所 | SYSTEM PLANNING SUPPORT SYSTEM AND SYSTEM PLANNING SUPPORT METHOD |
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