CN105186279B - A kind of laser pulse switching device and its control method - Google Patents
A kind of laser pulse switching device and its control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105186279B CN105186279B CN201510642183.1A CN201510642183A CN105186279B CN 105186279 B CN105186279 B CN 105186279B CN 201510642183 A CN201510642183 A CN 201510642183A CN 105186279 B CN105186279 B CN 105186279B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of laser pulse switching device and its control method.The present invention after multi-pass amplifier group by placing after Pockers cell and respectively the first and second switches, form the single-shot system of 2 grades of switches, and the trigger signal that produces pulse is inputted to delayer by laser synchronization signal, control first switch is only opened once, realizes laser pulse single-shot lasing；First switch realizes that quickly 1 laser pulse of selection is by the way that second switch plays a part of stopping light；The bore of switch and the speed of switch are realized by 2 switches respectively, reduce the requirement to quick first switch bore and heavy caliber second switch speed；The present invention does not do any change in pumping light path, therefore will not change the fuel factor of pumping laser pulse, beam quality etc., so as to ensure that the quality of whole laser will not change；When not needing laser pulse in follow-up target range, can guarantee that the energy of the high energy laser pulse in multi-pass amplifier group will not accumulate the problems such as causing fuel factor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high energy particle acceleration technique, more particularly to a kind of laser pulse switching device and its control method.
Background technology
After chirped laser pulse amplification system (CPA) proposes, the peak power of laser is developed by leaps and bounds, laser pulse peaks
Power is up to number PW (1015W), the light intensity of laser pulse is up to 1022W/cm2.This kind of high field laser pulse is widely used in swashing
In the interaction of light and target.When especially laser pulse interacts with target range, after laser pulse and target range effect, laser
Target will be destroyed, therefore when next hair laser pulse acts on target range, it is necessary to re-replace target, this causes laser pulse and target
During field action, it is often desired to which laser pulse can realize single-shot lasing by manual control.But actual laser is that have necessarily
Repetition rate, arrive 10Hz, such repetition 0.1 more in hundred terawatt (TW)s (TW) and the repetition rate of bat watt (PW) laser at present
Frequency laser can not be acted on directly with target range.Laser needs laser single-shot lasing with target range effect, in order to realize hundred TW or PW
The single-shot lasing of laser system in laser system, it is necessary to add switch, and when switch is artificial to be opened, now laser exports one
Pulse interacts with target, and thus laser realizes single-shot lasing.
As shown in figure 1, an oscillator produces ultrashort pulse, (pulse width is usually psec or flown common CPA technologies
Second-time) seed source is used as, obtaining long pulse after stretcher carries out time explanation to pulse, (psec of pulsewidth length tens arrives
Nanosecond order, the pulsewidth length after specific broadening depend on finally needing the energy amplified), using amplifier system to having opened up
Wide long pulse carries out energy amplification and obtains high energy pulse, and high energy pulse is finally by compressor reducer by the time scale of pulse
Minimum (the pulsewidth magnitude for returning to seed source) is compressed to so as to obtain the high field laser pulse of high-peak power.It is for pulsewidth
The laser of 25fs hundred TW magnitudes by seed source, it is necessary to be amplified to several joules, but the energy of conventional seed source is usually
NJ magnitudes, 1 amplifier can not realize the amplification of pulsed laser energy, typically using multiple amplifiers by laser pulse progressively
Amplification, also it is it is thus desirable to which multiple amplifiers realize that pulsed laser energy amplifies for PW laser.
For the amplifier system of laser, generally for allowing laser stabilization, amplifier system is set such as Fig. 2,
Seed source is amplified to mJ magnitudes by a KHz laser first, is then reduced KHz laser pulse frequencies using Pockers cell
For Hz magnitudes, multiple multi-pass amplifiers are recycled further to amplify to pulsed laser energy.In view of the damage energy of laser pulse
Amount, pulsed laser energy is higher, and spot size is bigger, so, if it is achievable single that switch is added after the amplification of KHz lasers
Hair, and the bore switched is also smaller, but multi-pass amplifier below does not have seed light to extract pump energy, the heat of laser
Effect etc. will be different by certain repetition rate with laser, and now single-shot operating laser will damage the stability of laser.
If adding switch after amplifier system, can avoid damaging laser stability, but now spot size is too big, for
Hundred TW lasers, for size all in tens of mm, such switch is expensive, oneself make it is difficult, and heavy caliber switch due to
The position higher used in energy, so significant damage be present to hundred TW lasers in the light echo that turn-off transient is brought.
The content of the invention
For above problems of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of laser pulse switching device and its control
Method, realize the single-shot lasing of laser pulse.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of laser pulse switching device.
The laser pulse switching device of the present invention, is arranged in chirped laser pulse amplification system, chirped laser pulse is put
Big system includes：Oscillator, stretcher, amplifier system and compressor reducer；Wherein, oscillator produces ultrashort laser pulse as kind
Component, long laser pulse is obtained after stretcher carries out time explanation to ultrashort laser pulse, amplifier system is to having opened up
Wide long laser pulse carries out energy amplification and obtains high energy laser pulse, and high energy laser pulse will swash finally by compressor reducer
The time scale of light pulse is compressed to the pulsewidth magnitude of seed source；Amplifier system includes KHz amplifiers, Pockers cell and Duo Tong
Amplifier group, two pumping sources are respectively that KHz amplifiers and multi-pass amplifier group provide pump light, the long laser from stretcher
Pulse after the amplification of KHz amplifiers, reduces frequency, into multi-pass amplifier group, to key light energy as key light by Pockers cell
Amount is amplified；Laser pulse switching device includes：Laser synchronization signal generator, delayer, first switch and second switch；
Wherein, first switch is arranged on after Pockers cell, before multi-pass amplifier group, or is placed in multi-pass amplifier group；The
Two switches are placed on after multi-pass amplifier group, before target range；First switch is small-bore speed-sensitive switch, and second switch is big
The switch at a slow speed of bore；When first switch is opened, second switch is closed, and follow-up target range does not have laser pulse；First is closed to open
Close, open second switch, laser synchronization signal generator produces laser synchronization signal and inputted to delayer, delayer generation one
The transistor-transistor logic TTL data signals of delay, as trigger signal, driving first switch is opened, and is swashed at one
Light pulse signal is exported to follow-up target range, and first switch is closed, and trigger signal is pulse, and first switch only opens one
It is secondary, realize laser pulse single-shot lasing.
Laser pulse of the repetition rate less than 10Hz is selected 1 out by first switch, and therefore, first opens the light from reaching
The time of pass is less than 100ms, and Quick mechanical shutter can be selected in first switch.And the switch time of second switch does not require,
But in order to reduce the stand-by period, and reduce the fuel factor of multi-pass amplifier group caused by no feux rouges extracts pump energy
Problem, time of the second switch from closing to opening are optimal less than 10s, and second switch can select because temporal requirement is relaxed
One light barrier, it is placed on and quickly propels light path on a motorized precision translation stage and realize closed mode, is quickly moved out light path and realizes to open
State.
For hundred TW laser, the bore of first switch is between 10mm~40mm；The bore of second switch is more than 80mm.
First switch can be arranged between Pockers cell and multi-pass amplifier group, or according to the big of first switch bore
Small next specifically chosen, first switch is placed on position of the diameter less than the diameter of first switch of light beam in multi-pass amplifier group.
The position of second switch is placed on after multi-pass amplifier group, before compressor reducer；Or be placed on after compressor reducer,
Before target range, with regard near operation when being easy to practice shooting.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a kind of control method of laser pulse switching device.
The control method of the laser pulse switching device of the present invention, including following two situations：
The first situation is not when the target range after chirped laser pulse amplification system needs laser pulse：
First switch is in open mode, and second switch is closed, and laser pulse enters multi-pass amplifier group quilt
Amplification, the laser pulse that the energy of pump light is exaggerated are taken away, and laser system runs well, and shape is closed because second switch is in
State, now laser pulse intercepted by second switch, compressor reducer is cannot be introduced into, so follow-up target range does not have laser pulse；
Second of situation is when the target range after chirped laser pulse amplification system needs a laser pulse：
1) first switch is closed, the pulsed laser output for not having amplification after multi-pass amplifier group now；
2) second switch is opened, due to not having light output after multi-pass amplifier group, the operation of second switch is peace to system
Complete, also, when second switch is in open mode, if thering is laser pulse to be amplified in multi-pass amplifier group, now
Follow-up target range can be entered by compressor reducer；
3) laser synchronization signal generator produces laser synchronization signal and inputted to delayer, one delay of delayer generation
TTL data signals, this TTL data signal only have a pulse, and as trigger signal, driving first switch is opened；
4) only has a laser pulse by first switch, after multi-pass amplifier group, by second switch, output is extremely
Follow-up target range, first switch are closed, and trigger signal is pulse, therefore first switch is only opened once, laser pulse single-shot
Lasing；
5) second switch, intercepting laser pulse are closed；
6) first switch is placed on open mode, so ensures the energy of the high energy laser pulse in multi-pass amplifier group
Amount will not accumulate the problems such as causing fuel factor, and laser system runs well.
Laser system itself produces laser synchronization signal, or use the pole of photoelectricity two as laser synchronization signal generator
The synchronous laser pulse of the mode collection period such as pipe or camera, so as to obtain the periodic signal of laser, produces laser synchronization signal.
Delayer can use signal delay generator, or be prolonged by the realizations such as simple delay chip, single-chip microcomputer and laser pulse
Slow single-shot digital signal.
Advantages of the present invention：
The present invention forms 2 grades by placing the first and second switches respectively after Pockers cell and after multi-pass amplifier group
The single-shot system of switch, and the trigger signal that produces pulse is inputted to delayer by laser synchronization signal, control first is opened
Close and only open once, realize laser pulse single-shot lasing；The present invention does not do any change in pumping light path, therefore will not change
The fuel factor of pumping laser pulse, beam quality etc., so as to ensure that the quality of whole laser will not change；In follow-up target range
When not needing laser pulse, it can guarantee that the energy of the high energy laser pulse in multi-pass amplifier group will not be accumulated and cause fuel factor etc.
Problem.
Laser pulse single-shot lasing is realized using switch, now switch has 2 effects：One is 1 arteries and veins of quick selection
Punching by switch, this need switch can quick either on or off, another be switch play a part of stop light, for big energy
Laser, because beam diameter is big, so needing bigbore switch.It is slow using small-bore quickly first switch and heavy caliber
The mode that the second switch of speed is used in combination, the effect switched during single-shot is operated assign 2 switches to realize respectively, wherein the
One switch realizes that quickly 1 laser pulse of selection is by the way that second switch plays a part of stopping light.This is by the bore of switch and opens
The speed of pass is realized by 2 switches respectively, can be reduced to quick first switch bore and heavy caliber second switch speed
It is required that without using heavy caliber high-speed switch, so as to cost-effective, reduction heavy caliber switchs the wind that light echo damages to laser
Danger；Before being placed on and compressed due to second switch, when follow-up target range does not need laser pulse, the light beam of high-energy not spoke
Impinge upon on optical element grating expensive in compressor reducer, therefore there is protective effect to grating.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of chirped laser pulse amplification system；
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of the amplifier system in chirped laser pulse amplification system；
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of one embodiment of the laser pulse switching device of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that the laser pulse switching device of the present invention realizes the schematic diagram of laser pulse single-shot lasing；
Fig. 5 is that the first switch of the present invention realizes the schematic diagram only opened once.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
As shown in figure 1, chirped laser pulse amplification system includes：Oscillator, stretcher, amplifier system and compressor reducer.
As shown in Fig. 2 amplifier system includes KHz amplifiers, Pockers cell and multi-pass amplifier group, two pumping sources point
Pump light is not provided for KHz amplifiers and multi-pass amplifier group.
Long laser pulse after broadening is amplified via KHz amplifier first, KHz amplifiers by a KHz pump
Pu source provides energy.Because the pumping source of KHz amplifiers is all solid state laser of LD pumpings, its stability is high, therefore KHz is put
Big utensil has higher stability, can improve the stability of system as front end amplification by KHz amplifiers.KHz amplifiers are put
Laser pulse after big will be fed into follow-up multi-pass amplifier and further be exaggerated, may according to the requirement of exaggerated energy
There are multiple multi-pass amplifiers, form multi-pass amplifier group, multi-pass amplifier group provides amplified energy by other pumping source.With
The amplification of energy, generally higher, the KHz all-solid state lasers of now LD pumpings of the pump energy required for multi-pass amplifier below
The pulsed laser energy (the usual mJ of pumping pulse energy tens) of device it is impossible to meet the pumping requirements of follow-up multi-pass amplifier, this
When pumping source use the high-energy laser of flash lamp pumping, energy is exported from J to hundred J, but the repetition rate of laser
Typically smaller than 10Hz, or even single-shot.From KHz amplifiers above to repetition rate below less than 10Hz multi-pass amplifier it
Between need plus a Pockers cell laser repetition rate is reduced, meet the needs of follow-up multi-pass amplifier.Pay attention to, whole system
In have two kinds of laser, one kind is pump light, and one is exaggerated light, and exaggerated light is referred to as key light.
As shown in figure 3, in the present embodiment, laser pulse switching device includes：Laser synchronization signal generator, delay
Device, first switch and second switch；Wherein, first switch is arranged on after Pockers cell, before multi-pass amplifier group；Second opens
Pass is placed on after multi-pass amplifier group, before compressor reducer.Any change is not done in pumping light path.
Laser pulse situation in laser system in amplifier system:The arteries and veins that repetition rate is KHz is exported after KHz amplifiers
Punching string, after Pockers cell reduces frequency, the repetition rate of laser pulse is reduced to laser of the low-repetition-frequency less than 10Hz
Train of pulse, this repetition rate are consistent with pumping laser.The train of pulse of the low-repetition-frequency enters after the selection of first switch
Follow-up multi-pass amplifier group is amplified.When first switch is in open mode, laser pulse train that should be less than 10Hz enters
Enter to follow-up multi-pass amplifier group amplification, when multiple laser pulses pass through first switch, arteries and veins is exported after multi-pass amplifier group
Punching string, when only first switch is passed through in 1 pulse, 1 pulse is exported after multi-pass amplifier group；Closed when first switch is in
During state, no laser pulse enters follow-up multi-pass amplifier group, and multi-pass amplifier group does not have train of pulse output.With reference to
The switch of two switches can obtain the operating of laser single-shot, specific as follows：
When follow-up target range does not temporarily need laser pulse, now first switch is in open mode, at second switch
In closed mode, now multi-pass amplifier group will be amplified by the laser pulse train of first switch, because laser pulse is exaggerated,
So the laser pulse that the energy of pump light is exaggerated is taken away, fuel factor problem is solved, and now whole laser system is normal
Operating, but because second switch is closed, now laser pulse is intercepted by second switch, cannot be introduced into compressor reducer,
So follow-up target range does not have laser pulse.When follow-up target range needs 1 laser pulse, i.e., now need laser pulse real
During existing single-shot, first switch is closed first, now closed after multi-pass amplifier group without amplification light output in first switch
Afterwards, second switch is quickly opened, due to there is no light output after multi-pass amplifier group now, the operation of second switch is to system
It is safe, also, when second switch is in open mode, is amplified if being put into light in multi-pass amplifier, now
Light can enter follow-up target range by compressor reducer.When second switch is in open mode, in order to realize that laser pulse single-shot is transported
Turn, now first switch is quickly opened, is then shut off, realizes that light pulse only has 1 pulse and passes through first switch, the hair laser
Pulse is amplified into multi-pass amplifier group, and is sent into follow-up target range after compressor reducer and is practiced shooting, and now laser system is realized
Single-shot.In order to protect laser system, further, second switch quick closedown again, then again will at intercepting laser pulse
First switch is placed on open mode, so ensures that the energy of the intensity laser pulse in multi-pass amplifier group will not be accumulated and makes
The problems such as into fuel factor.Above procedure realizes that laser pulse single-shot operates, as shown in Figure 4.
The single-shot system of such 2 grades of switches, due to the presence of second switch, even if ensureing that follow-up target range does not need laser
When, it is also ensured that the energy of pumping laser is extracted by feux rouges in multi-pass amplifier group, reduces the thermal effect of multi-pass amplifier group
Answer problem.And first switch uses in the front end of multi-pass amplifier group, small-bore first switch can be used, reduces first and opens
The size pressure of pass.Second switch is only to play a part of intercepting light beam simultaneously, therefore is reduced to second switch either on or off
Rate request.
The control of first switch can be realized using software and transistor-transistor logic TTL signal.In 2 grades of switches
Single-shot system in, the single-shot of laser is practiced shooting and must realized by the high-speed switch of first switch, and controls first switch
The signal of quick single-shot switch need synchronous with the signal of laser, can ensure that what single-shot practiced shooting is smoothed out.
In order to realize function above, first is triggered using the TTL signal carried in corresponding laser system in the present embodiment
Switch, but the TTL signal that laser system carries is periodic signal, and such periodic signal is sent to first switch, can make the
One switch is also to be triggered periodically, can not realize that single-shot operates.As shown in figure 5, swash to realize that laser system only exports 1
Light pulse, the TTL numbers postponed are produced by signal delay generator using the TTL signal of the previous hair laser pulse of laser system
Word signal, the TTL data signals are not periodic signals, but an only pulse drives the first switch to swash laser is subsequent
The front opening first switch of light pulse arrival, and close first switch after the laser target shooting.Due to being sent out using signal delay
The TTL data signals of delay only have a pulse caused by raw device, so switch is only opened once, so as to realize laser pulse list
Hair.
It is finally noted that the purpose for publicizing and implementing mode is that help further understands the present invention, but ability
The technical staff in domain is appreciated that：Without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, it is various replacement and
Modification is all possible.Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to embodiment disclosure of that, the scope of protection of present invention with
The scope that claims define is defined.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of laser pulse switching device, the laser pulse switching device is arranged in chirped laser pulse amplification system,
The chirped laser pulse amplification system includes：Oscillator, stretcher, amplifier system and compressor reducer；Wherein, oscillator produces
Ultrashort laser pulse obtains long laser pulse as seed source after stretcher carries out time explanation to ultrashort laser pulse,
Amplifier system carries out energy amplification to the long laser pulse of broadening and obtains high energy laser pulse, high energy laser pulse
The time scale of laser pulse is compressed to the pulsewidth magnitude of seed source finally by compressor reducer；The amplifier system includes
KHz amplifiers, Pockers cell and multi-pass amplifier group, two pumping sources are respectively that KHz amplifiers and multi-pass amplifier group provide
After the amplification of KHz amplifiers, frequency is reduced by Pockers cell as key light for pump light, the long laser pulse from stretcher,
Into multi-pass amplifier group, key light energy is amplified；Characterized in that, the laser pulse switching device includes：Laser
Synchronous generator, delayer, first switch and second switch；Wherein, the first switch is arranged on after Pockers cell,
Before multi-pass amplifier group, or it is placed in multi-pass amplifier group；The second switch is placed on after multi-pass amplifier group,
Before target range；The first switch is small-bore speed-sensitive switch, and the second switch switchs at a slow speed to be bigbore；When first
Switch is opened, and second switch is closed, and follow-up target range does not have laser pulse；First switch is closed, opens second switch, it is described to swash
Optical synchronous signal generator produces laser synchronization signal and inputted to delayer, and the transistor that the delayer generation one postpones-
Transistor logic TTL data signals, as trigger signal, driving first switch is opened, and defeated in a laser pulse signal
Go out to follow-up target range, first switch is closed, and trigger signal is pulse, and first switch is only opened once, realizes laser arteries and veins
Rush single-shot lasing.
2. laser pulse switching device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the first switch is fast using Quick mechanical
Door.
3. laser pulse switching device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the second switch is in the light using one
Plate, it is placed on a motorized precision translation stage and promotes light path to realize closed mode, removes light path and realize open mode.
4. laser pulse switching device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the first switch is arranged on Pockers cell
Between multi-pass amplifier group, or the size according to first switch bore, first switch is placed in multi-pass amplifier group
The diameter of light beam is less than the position of the diameter of first switch.
5. laser pulse switching device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the position of the second switch is placed on more
After logical amplifier group, before compressor reducer；Or be placed on after compressor reducer, before target range.
6. laser pulse switching device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the bore of the first switch 10mm~
Between 40mm；The bore of second switch is more than 80mm.
7. a kind of control method of laser pulse switching device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that control method, bag
Include following two situations：
The first situation is not when the target range after chirped laser pulse amplification system needs laser pulse：
First switch is in open mode, and second switch is closed, and laser pulse is exaggerated into multi-pass amplifier group,
The exaggerated laser pulse of the energy of pump light is taken away, and laser system runs well, because second switch is closed, this
When laser pulse intercepted by second switch, compressor reducer is cannot be introduced into, so follow-up target range does not have laser pulse；
Second of situation is when the target range after chirped laser pulse amplification system needs a laser pulse：
1) first switch is closed, the pulsed laser output for not having amplification after multi-pass amplifier group now；
2) open second switch, due to there is no light output after multi-pass amplifier group, the operation of second switch be to system it is safe,
Also, when second switch is in open mode, if thering is laser pulse to be amplified in multi-pass amplifier group, now pass through pressure
Contracting device enters follow-up target range；
3) laser synchronization signal generator produces laser synchronization signal and inputted to delayer, and delayer produces a TTL postponed
Data signal, this TTL data signal only have a pulse, and as trigger signal, driving first switch is opened；
4) only have a laser pulse by first switch, after multi-pass amplifier group, by second switch, export to follow-up
Target range, first switch close, trigger signal is pulse, therefore first switch is only opened once, laser pulse single-shot lasing；
5) second switch, intercepting laser pulse are closed；
6) first switch is placed on open mode, the so energy of the high energy laser pulse in guarantee multi-pass amplifier group not
It can accumulate and cause fuel factor, laser system runs well.
8. control method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the first switch uses Quick mechanical shutter；It is described
Second switch uses a light barrier, is placed on a motorized precision translation stage and promotes light path to realize closed mode, removes light path and realizes
Open mode.
9. control method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the first switch is arranged on Pockers cell and put with more logical
Between big device group, or selected according to the size of first switch bore, first switch is placed in multi-pass amplifier group
The diameter of light beam is less than the position of the diameter of first switch.
10. control method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the position of the second switch is placed on multi-pass amplifier
After device group, before compressor reducer；Or be placed on after compressor reducer, before target range.
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| CN105762633A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-07-13 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | Picosecond laser device and method for inhibiting first pulse in picosecond laser device |
| CN106299994B (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2023-10-03 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Pulse laser device |
| CN107508136B (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-07-02 | 深圳市杰普特光电股份有限公司 | A kind of control method and device of MOPA laser |
| CN110783807B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-09-08 | 北京大学 | Repetition frequency chirped pulse amplification laser time domain light splitting system and light splitting method thereof |
| TWI742819B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-10-11 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Synchronous photoelectric drive control system and method |
| CN112135412B (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-09-28 | 北京大学 | Time linkage control system and method for automatic repetition frequency target shooting of laser accelerator |
| CN113078539B (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-03-25 | 北京大学 | Device for amplifying laser time domain light splitting by repetition frequency chirp pulse and implementation method thereof |
| CN113097839B (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-03-25 | 北京大学 | Laser amplification system protection device and protection method thereof |
| CN114552353B (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2024-04-16 | 北京大学 | Method and device for regulating and controlling ultrafast laser output pulse time |
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Application publication date: 20151223 Assignee: Beijing Rui de Kang Technology Co., Ltd. Assignor: Peking University Contract record no.: 2018990000194 Denomination of invention: Laser pulse switch apparatus and control method therefor Granted publication date: 20180213 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20180730 |