CN105185968A - Method for preparing lithium ion battery molybdenum oxide/nickel/carbon composite cathode material - Google Patents

Method for preparing lithium ion battery molybdenum oxide/nickel/carbon composite cathode material Download PDF

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CN105185968A
CN105185968A CN201510661685.9A CN201510661685A CN105185968A CN 105185968 A CN105185968 A CN 105185968A CN 201510661685 A CN201510661685 A CN 201510661685A CN 105185968 A CN105185968 A CN 105185968A
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nickel
lithium ion
ion battery
solution
moo
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CN105185968B (en
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赵海雷
夏青
杜志鸿
高春辉
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Jiadao Material Technology Jiaxing Co ltd
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/626—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a lithium ion battery molybdenum oxide/nickel/carbon composite cathode material, belongs to the fields of new materials and electrochemistry, and provides a composite cathode material with high specific capacity and circling stability and an economical and feasible preparing technology. Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate serves as the molybdenum source, nickel nitrate serves as the nickel source, a precursor is prepared with the hydrothermal method, and the MoO2/Ni/C composite material is prepared with the chemical vapor deposition method. The method has the advantages that the material cost is low, and the preparing technology is simple. The MoO2/Ni/C composite material prepared with the method is even in component distribution, high in reversible specific capacity, high in cycling stability, long in cycling life and capable of realizing the advantages of MoO2, Ni and C, is an ideal lithium ion battery composite cathode material, and can be widely applied to the fields of portable electronic equipment, electric cars and aerospace.

Description

A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery molybdenum oxide/nickel/carbon compound cathode materials
Technical field
The invention belongs to new material and electrochemical field, be specifically related to a kind of MoO of high reversible specific capacity 2/ Ni/C composite cathode material for lithium ion cell and preparation method thereof.
Technical background
Along with the development of science and technology, the problem of energy crisis and environmental pollution highlights day by day, and the exploration of novel energy becomes the task of top priority.To have energy density high because of it for lithium ion battery, and have extended cycle life, memory-less effect and advantages of environment protection, be widely used in the fields such as portable electric appts, Aero-Space, military affairs.At present, notebook mobile phone etc. all trends towards portability miniaturization, makes the battery of more height ratio capacity become the focus of research.
The graphite-like carbon negative pole material of commercial extensive use also exists some drawbacks: the current potential of carbon electrode and the current potential of lithium metal are very close to (0.01Vvs.Li +/ Li), surface easily precipitating metal lithium forms dendrite, there is potential safety hazard; React with electrolyte in discharge process first and generate SEI film, initial coulomb efficiency is low; In lithium ion deintercalation process repeatedly, material structure is damaged and causes special capacity fade, reduces its service life cycle; The most important thing is that its theoretical specific capacity is very low, only have 372mAhg -1.So Novel anode material has become the focus of current concern.
The focus of current research mainly concentrates on the alloy materials such as Si, Sn, Sb.Relative to material with carbon element, metal material generally has higher specific capacity, has good compatibility simultaneously, but usually can cause larger volumetric expansion in the deintercalation process of lithium, cause motor efflorescence to lose efficacy, make cycle performance of battery poor with electrolyte.In addition, the composite negative pole of metal material and material with carbon element is also one of focus, but usual complicated process of preparation, and cost is higher.For above deficiency, the present invention proposes with MoO 2material is as lithium ion battery negative material.
Molybdenum oxide, comprises MoO 2, MoO 3, their resistance is low, and fusing point is high, has good chemistry and thermal stability simultaneously.In addition, MoO 2there is higher theoretical specific capacity (838mAh/g).MoO 2as lithium ion battery negative material, have very large application prospect, but also there is certain shortcoming in it: its electronic conductance and ionic conductance poor, simultaneously can there is volumetric expansion in removal lithium embedded process and cause active material to come off, cause capacity attenuation.The following method of main proposition is improved at present:
(1) highly conductor phase is introduced, usual and carbon compound.Electronic conductance and the ionic conductance of molybdenum oxide are poor, introduce the conductivity that carbon can improve molybdenum oxide.The people such as XiaolinLiu are by the uniform hollow MoO of simple soft template water heat transfer 2@carbon composite material, discharge and recharge under the current density of 0.5C, specific capacity still keeps 800mAhg at 100 circulation times -1, cyclical stability excellent (LiuX, WuD, JiW, etal.UniformMoO 2@carbonhollownanosphereswithsuperiorlithium-ionstoragepro perties [J] .JournalofMaterialsChemistryA, 2015,3 (3): 968-972.).The people such as YunXu utilize solvent-thermal method to prepare MoO 2/ GO composite negative pole material, at 100mAg -1current density under, 30 times circulation time still has 726mAhg -1(XuY, YiR, YuanB, etal.HighcapacityMoO 2/ graphiteoxidecompositeanodeforlithium-ionbatteries [J] .TheJournalofPhysicalChemistryLetters, 2012,3 (3): 309-314.).
(2) prepare nano-scale particle, shorten lithium ion the evolving path, buffer volumes expands.The people such as XianfaZhang have prepared the MoO with hollow core shell structure with solvent-thermal method 2particle.Almost capacity attenuation is not had, at 50mAg in this negative material charge and discharge cycles -1current density under, 50 times circulation time still has 847.5mAhg -1(ZhangX, SongX, GaoS, etal.Facilesynthesisofyolk-shellMoO 2microsphereswithexcellentelectrochemicalperformanceasaLi-ionbatteryanode [J] .JournalofMaterialsChemistryA, 2013,1 (23): 6858-6864.).
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of even particle distribution, regular appearance, there is the MoO of relatively high reversible specific capacity, preferably cyclical stability and longer cycle life 2/ Ni/C composite cathode material for lithium ion cell.
A preparation method for lithium ion battery molybdenum oxide/nickel/carbon compound cathode materials, is characterized in that: composite negative pole material is by MoO 2, Ni, C tri-kinds of components form, wherein Ni is at MoO 2mass percentage in/Ni/C composite negative pole material is that 5 ~ 30%, C is at MoO 2mass percentage in/Ni/C composite negative pole material is 5 ~ 50%, and all the other are MoO 2.
Its concrete steps are:
(1) solution is configured: by ammonium molybdate (NH 4) 6mo 7o 244H 2o is as molybdenum source, and dissolve in deionized water, stir, make clear transparent solutions a, wherein the addition of molybdenum is 0.1mM ~ 5mM;
Using the inorganic salts containing nickel element as nickel source, be dissolved in solution a according to Mo/Ni mol ratio=0.01 ~ 10, stir, make solution b.
Added in solution b by a certain amount of urea, be stirred to abundant dissolving, obtain solution c, wherein the addition of urea is 0.2 ~ 100g/mL.
(2), after solution c being stirred, be placed in hydro-thermal tank in baking oven 150 ~ 200 DEG C of hydro-thermal 1 ~ 24h, be precipitated;
(3) by step (2) gained pelleting centrifugation, with deionized water and alcohol repeatedly centrifugal, in baking oven, 50 ~ 90 DEG C of oven dry, can obtain presoma.
(4) step (3) gained presoma is placed in tube furnace, logical inert gas, by toluene solution, in 400 ~ 700 DEG C of heat treatment 0.5 ~ 12h, can obtain MoO 2/ Ni/C composite material.
The addition sequence of the molybdenum source described in step (1), nickel source, urea can according to described order, also can from Row sum-equal matrix.
The inorganic salts containing nickel element described in step (1) are Ni (NO 3) 26H 2o, NiCl 2in one or both.
Inertia protective atmosphere described in step (4) is one or both in nitrogen, argon gas.
Take into account consideration from capacity and conductivity, C is at MoO 2mass ratio in/Ni/C composite negative pole material is preferably 8 ~ 25%, if this is because carbon content is too low, then fundamentally cannot improve the electron conduction of material, carbon content is too high, then can reduce the specific capacity of material.
MoO 2material has higher specific capacity; Ni is evenly embedded among particle, forms good inner conductive network, improves the electron conduction of material; Agraphitic carbon is evenly coated on MoO 2surface, can reduce the inhomogeneities of electric charge, the change in volume that relieve stresses inequality is brought; Graphene is attached to surface and the surrounding of particle, and play the effect of elastic housing, the volumetric expansion in padded coaming removal lithium embedded process, prevents active material powder of detached.MoO after compound 2/ Ni/C composite material plays a few person advantage separately.
Adopt the negative material prepared in this way to have the following advantages:
(1) uniform particles, regular appearance;
(2) there is relatively high specific capacity, cyclical stability and longer cycle life;
(3) each component can play respective advantage.
The present invention in conjunction with chemical vapour deposition technique, synthesizes MoO by hydro thermal method 2/ Ni/C composite material.The existence of carbon and nickel, effectively improves MoO 2electron conduction, make circulation more stable; Nano active MoO 2particle has relatively high specific capacity.MoO 2/ Ni/C material there is height ratio capacity, high cyclical stability and long circulation life, be a kind of lithium ion battery negative material of good performance.
The invention has the advantages that in the building-up process of material, flexible operation, simple, reaction condition is gentle, and comparatively granule is even to generate powder diameter, and technique simply can be mass-produced.
MoO 2/ Ni/C composite material is a kind of composite cathode material for lithium ion cell of good performance, and this material and preparation method thereof there is not yet document and patent report.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the MoO of embodiment 1 2the cyclic curve figure of/Ni/C
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but be not limited to protection scope of the present invention:
Embodiment 1:
Take 0.177g to analyze pure ammonium molybdate (purity>=99.0%) and be dissolved in 50ml deionized water, stir, make clear transparent solutions; Add 0.291gNi (NO in the solution 3) 26H 2o, continues to stir until form homogeneous solution; Taking 0.3g urea adds in solution, is stirred to abundant dissolving; Solution is transferred in hydro-thermal tank and to be placed in baking oven 160 DEG C of insulations 12 hours, obtain greenish precipitate; After centrifuge washing, 60 DEG C of oven dry, obtain presoma; Presoma is carried out chemical vapor deposition process, and 600 DEG C are incubated 0.5 hour, obtain MoO 2/ Ni/C material.
By obtained MoO 2the acetylene black of/Ni/C composite negative pole material, 15wt.%, the PVDF of 15wt.% mix, and make slurry, are evenly coated on Copper Foil, are stamped into circular electrode pole piece after vacuum drying, are to electrode with lithium metal, 1mol/LLiPF 6/ EMC+DC+DEC (volume ratio is 1:1:1) is electrolyte, and Celgard2400 is barrier film, composition test cell.Carry out constant current charge-discharge test to battery, current density is 100mA/g, and charging/discharging voltage scope is 0.01 ~ 3.0V.Result shows, its initial coulomb efficiency is that after 42%, 150 circulations, specific capacity remains on about 680mAh/g.
Embodiment 2:
Take 0.354g to analyze pure ammonium molybdate (purity>=99.0%) and be dissolved in 50ml deionized water, stir, make clear transparent solutions; Add 0.582gNi (NO in the solution 3) 26H 2o, continues to stir until form homogeneous solution; Taking 0.5g urea adds in solution, is stirred to abundant dissolving; Solution is transferred in hydro-thermal tank and to be placed in baking oven 180 DEG C of insulations 2 hours, obtain greenish precipitate; After centrifuge washing, 60 DEG C of oven dry, obtain presoma; Presoma is carried out chemical vapor deposition process, and 600 DEG C are incubated 0.5 hour, obtain MoO 2/ Ni/C material.
By obtained MoO 2the acetylene black of/Ni/C composite negative pole material, 15wt.%, the PVDF of 15wt.% mix, and make slurry, are evenly coated on Copper Foil, are stamped into circular electrode pole piece after vacuum drying, are to electrode with lithium metal, 1mol/LLiPF 6/ EMC+DC+DEC (volume ratio is 1:1:1) is electrolyte, and Celgard2400 is barrier film, composition test cell.Carry out constant current charge-discharge test to battery, current density is 100mA/g, and charging/discharging voltage scope is 0.01 ~ 3.0V.Result shows, its initial coulomb efficiency is that after 51%, 100 circulations, specific capacity remains on about 500mAh/g.
Embodiment 3:
Take 17.7g to analyze pure ammonium molybdate (purity>=99.0%) and be dissolved in 500ml deionized water, stir, make clear transparent solutions; Add 29.1gNi (NO in the solution 3) 26H 2o, continues to stir until form homogeneous solution; Taking 20g urea adds in solution, is stirred to abundant dissolving; Solution is transferred in hydro-thermal tank and to be placed in baking oven 160 DEG C of insulations 2 hours, obtain greenish precipitate; After centrifuge washing, 60 DEG C of oven dry, obtain presoma; Presoma is carried out chemical vapor deposition process, and 600 DEG C are incubated 0.5 hour, obtain MoO 2/ Ni/C material.
By obtained MoO 2the acetylene black of/Ni/C composite negative pole material, 15wt.%, the PVDF of 15wt.% mix, and make slurry, are evenly coated on Copper Foil, are stamped into circular electrode pole piece after vacuum drying, are to electrode with lithium metal, 1mol/LLiPF 6/ EMC+DC+DEC (volume ratio is 1:1:1) is electrolyte, and Celgard2400 is barrier film, composition test cell.Carry out constant current charge-discharge test to battery, current density is 100mA/g, and charging/discharging voltage scope is 0.01 ~ 3.0V.Result shows, its initial coulomb efficiency is that after 49%, 100 circulations, specific capacity remains on about 400mAh/g.

Claims (6)

1. a preparation method for lithium ion battery molybdenum oxide/nickel/carbon compound cathode materials, is characterized in that: composite negative pole material is by MoO 2, Ni, C tri-kinds of components form, wherein Ni is at MoO 2mass percentage in/Ni/C composite negative pole material is that 5 ~ 30%, C is at MoO 2mass percentage in/Ni/C composite negative pole material is 5 ~ 50%, and all the other are MoO 2, concrete technology step is:
(1) solution is configured: by ammonium molybdate (NH 4) 6mo 7o 244H 2o, as molybdenum source, dissolves in deionized water, stirs, make clear transparent solutions a;
Inorganic salts containing nickel element are dissolved in solution a as nickel source, stir, make solution b;
A certain amount of urea is added in solution b, is stirred to abundant dissolving, obtain solution c;
(2), after solution c being stirred, be placed in hydro-thermal tank in baking oven 150 ~ 200 DEG C of hydro-thermal 1 ~ 24h, be precipitated;
(3) by step (2) gained pelleting centrifugation, with deionized water and alcohol repeatedly centrifugal, in baking oven, 50 ~ 90 DEG C of oven dry, can obtain presoma;
(4) step (3) gained presoma is placed in tube furnace, logical inert gas, by toluene solution, in 400 ~ 700 DEG C of heat treatment 0.5 ~ 12h, can obtain MoO 2/ Ni/C composite material.
2. the preparation method of lithium ion battery molybdenum oxide/nickel/carbon compound cathode materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the clear transparent solutions a described in step (1), the addition of molybdenum is 0.1mM ~ 5mM.
3. the preparation method of lithium ion battery molybdenum oxide/nickel/carbon compound cathode materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the Mo in the solution a described in step (1) and the Ni mol ratio in nickel source are: Mo/Ni mol ratio=0.01 ~ 10.
4. the preparation method of lithium ion battery molybdenum oxide/nickel/carbon compound cathode materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), the addition of urea is 0.2 ~ 100g/mL.
5. the preparation method of lithium ion battery molybdenum oxide/nickel/carbon compound cathode materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the inorganic salts containing nickel element described in step (1) are Ni (NO 3) 26H 2o, NiCl 2in one or both.
6. the preparation method of lithium ion battery molybdenum oxide/nickel/carbon compound cathode materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the inertia protective atmosphere described in step (4) is one or both in nitrogen, argon gas.
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CN106876682A (en) * 2017-04-10 2017-06-20 中南大学 A kind of manganese oxide with loose structure/nickel micron ball and its preparation and application
CN107768660A (en) * 2016-08-17 2018-03-06 中国科学院过程工程研究所 A kind of lithium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof
CN109659535A (en) * 2018-12-18 2019-04-19 中科廊坊过程工程研究院 A kind of molybdenum carbide/carbon composite and its preparation method and application

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107768660A (en) * 2016-08-17 2018-03-06 中国科学院过程工程研究所 A kind of lithium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof
CN106876682A (en) * 2017-04-10 2017-06-20 中南大学 A kind of manganese oxide with loose structure/nickel micron ball and its preparation and application
CN106876682B (en) * 2017-04-10 2019-06-28 中南大学 A kind of manganese oxide with porous structure/nickel micron ball and its preparation and application
CN109659535A (en) * 2018-12-18 2019-04-19 中科廊坊过程工程研究院 A kind of molybdenum carbide/carbon composite and its preparation method and application
CN109659535B (en) * 2018-12-18 2021-07-16 中科廊坊过程工程研究院 Molybdenum carbide/carbon composite material and preparation method and application thereof

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