CN105182474B - 一种波长选择开关 - Google Patents

一种波长选择开关 Download PDF

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CN105182474B
CN105182474B CN201510724619.1A CN201510724619A CN105182474B CN 105182474 B CN105182474 B CN 105182474B CN 201510724619 A CN201510724619 A CN 201510724619A CN 105182474 B CN105182474 B CN 105182474B
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liquid crystal
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CN105182474A (zh
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杨柳
杨睿
袁志林
宋丽丹
郭金平
王凡
马雨虹
唐丽红
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Accelink Technologies Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
    • G02B6/2706—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means as bulk elements, i.e. free space arrangements external to a light guide, e.g. polarising beam splitters
    • G02B6/2713—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means as bulk elements, i.e. free space arrangements external to a light guide, e.g. polarising beam splitters cascade of polarisation selective or adjusting operations
    • G02B6/272—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means as bulk elements, i.e. free space arrangements external to a light guide, e.g. polarising beam splitters cascade of polarisation selective or adjusting operations comprising polarisation means for beam splitting and combining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
    • G02B6/29311—Diffractive element operating in transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
    • G02B6/29313—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide characterised by means for controlling the position or direction of light incident to or leaving the diffractive element, e.g. for varying the wavelength response
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/29395—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device configurable, e.g. tunable or reconfigurable
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
    • G02B6/356—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types in an optical cross-connect device, e.g. routing and switching aspects of interconnecting different paths propagating different wavelengths to (re)configure the various input and output links
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    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/3592—Means for removing polarization dependence of the switching means, i.e. polarization insensitive switching
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/3594—Characterised by additional functional means, e.g. means for variably attenuating or branching or means for switching differently polarized beams
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/292—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection by controlled diffraction or phased-array beam steering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/31—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • G02B6/29305—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
    • G02B6/2931—Diffractive element operating in reflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/351—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements
    • G02B6/3512—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements the optical element being reflective, e.g. mirror
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
    • G02B6/3554—3D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a volume
    • G02B6/3558—1xN switch, i.e. one input and a selectable single output of N possible outputs

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种波长选择开关，包括准直输入输出装置、起偏分束装置、扩束装置、分光装置、聚焦装置、衰减液晶单元阵列、切换液晶单元阵列、反射装置；其中，所述衰减液晶单元阵列用于对入射所述切换液晶单元阵列的光线的区域进行选择；所述切换液晶单元阵列为ECB液晶单元阵列，所述ECB液晶单元阵列划分成若干个像素单元，通过设置不同电压来调节各个所述像素单元的相位以使得所述像素单元组成的相位图案呈现透镜特性，通过改变由所述相位图案形成的等效透镜的中心位置来偏转透过所述切换液晶单元阵列的光线，从而进行出射端口的选择；本发明波长选择开关装置中用于实现端口选择的液晶单元阵列不需要使用多层，从而避免了对带宽指标的劣化。

Description

一种波长选择开关
技术领域
本发明提供一种波长选择开关(Wavelength Selective Switch，简称WSS)装置，本发明属于光通信领域。
背景技术
波长选择开关具有任意端口波长任意上下的功能，是ROADM系统中的重要光器件。而为了支持更高调制速率、更多网络通道数以及更高的网络灵活性，人们将目光转向了带宽可调的波长选择开关。为了实现带宽可调，众多光器件厂商开始研制基于液晶技术的波长选择开关。
目前基于液晶技术的波长选择开关主要有如下几种实现形式：
基于LCOS(Liquid Crystal On Silicon)的波长选择开关，Finisar和Santec两家公司均是采用此方案，可参见美国专利申请公开文件US20060067611A1和US20130128215A1。该方案通过加电使得对应区域的像素单元呈现周期性的相位变化，从而产生光栅的衍射特性，通过调节相位周期便可控制光的偏转角度。该方案光路结构简单，只需要一片LCOS芯片即可实现多端口输出。缺点是驱动电路复杂，而且LCOS芯片制造难度大，故而这种芯片获得渠道非常有限，芯片成本也非常高。
液晶单元阵列+双折射楔角片方案的波长选择开关，CoAdna公司即采用此方案，可参见美国专利申请公开文件US20080087378A1。每一层液晶+双折射楔角片可以控制两个光路状态，N层即可获得2N个光路状态，即2N个输出端口。随着输出端口增加，液晶层数也要增加，这将导致液晶部分的封装难度增加，光路的带宽指标也会劣化。
液晶单元阵列+液晶偏振光栅方案的波长选择开关，可参见华为公司的专利申请公开文件CN103703405A，申请公布日2014.04.02。液晶偏振光栅的光配向层经过了相干光束曝光，可以使得不同偏振态的入射光以不同的衍射级次衍射。该方案最多可实现3N个端口输出，但同样需要多层液晶单元叠加。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术方案的不足，提出一种结构简单的波长选择开关装置。
本发明技术方案实现的原理具体如下：各通道光信号的衰减和关断(block)由ECB(电控双折射)液晶单元阵列+检偏器的结构来实现，通过设置该ECB液晶单元的控制电压来调节o、e光分量的相位差，当相位差在0～π范围内变化时，透过检偏器的光强在零衰减和block间变化。各通道光信号在输出端口间的切换由另一片ECB液晶单元阵列来实现，该ECB液晶单元阵列的初始光轴方向设定原则是使得整个加电过程中信号光的偏振态不发生改变，所加电压量只改变通过该ECB液晶单元的信号光的相位，与各个波长通道对应的ECB液晶单元内的液晶像素的相位分布图案呈现透镜特性，通过改变相位图案的透镜中心来实现光线在端口切换方向的角度偏转，从而进行出射端口的选择，相位图案所对应的电压可提前获得，当需要改变相位图案的透镜中心时，则将相位图案中心对应的电压设置到不同的像素单元。
本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种波长选择开关，其特征在于：包括准直输入输出装置、起偏分束装置、扩束装置、分光装置、聚焦装置、衰减液晶单元阵列、切换液晶单元阵列、反射装置；其中，准直输入输出装置用于输入光信号准直；起偏分束装置用于将准直输入输出装置的光转换成线偏光；
扩束装置用于将起偏分束装置的线偏光进行扩束；分光装置用于将经扩束装置扩束的光束分光成按波长分布的单通道光信号；聚焦装置用于将经过分光装置后的通道光信号聚焦到衰减液晶单元阵列以及将各端口光信号平行的回到准直输入输出装置；衰减液晶单元阵列包括第二ECB液晶单元阵列和检偏器，第二ECB液晶单元阵列由对应波长通道的ECB液晶单元组成，衰减液晶单元阵列通过改变通过ECB液晶单元的信号光的o、e光分量的相位差来实现调节各个波长通道光信号的衰减量；切换液晶单元阵列包括第一ECB液晶单元阵列，第一ECB液晶单元阵列由对应波长通道的ECB液晶单元组成，所述ECB液晶单元的端口切换方向划分成多个像素单元，每个像素单元的相位由电压调节，各个波长通道对应的ECB液晶单元内的像素单元的相位组成具有透镜特性的相位分布图案，所述切换液晶单元阵列通过电压调节改变相位图案的透镜中心将通过衰减液晶单元阵列的光线在端口切换方向发生角度偏转；反射装置用于反射切换液晶单元阵列选择的端口光信号至准直输入输出装置对应的端口。
所述切换液晶单元阵列与衰减液晶单元阵列按照对应的通道中心对齐。
所述切换液晶单元阵列中第一ECB液晶单元阵列的初始光轴方向与衰减液晶单元阵列中的检偏器透光轴方向平行。
所述聚焦装置由分光柱透镜和切换柱透镜组成。
所述衰减液晶单元阵列中的第二ECB液晶单元阵列的初始光轴方向与入射光的偏振方向夹角为45°。
所述衰减液晶单元阵列中的检偏器透光轴方向与其入射光的偏振方向平行或垂直。
所述准直输入输出装置采用准直器阵列。
所述切换液晶单元阵列的ECB液晶的最大相位差Δn·d需满足：Δn·d＝D2/(2·f),D为设置的ECB液晶单元在端口切换方向的口径直径，f为ECB液晶单元在端口切换方向所形成的透镜焦距，Δn为ECB液晶的主折射率之差，d为液晶厚度。
所述切换液晶单元阵列的每个液晶单元按照使所述波长选择开关的相位精度要求来划分像素单元，且以两倍的像素单元数目划分液晶单元等效透镜的相位。
一种波长选择开关，包括衰减液晶单元阵列和切换液晶单元阵列；其中，所述衰减液晶单元阵列用于对入射所述切换液晶单元阵列的光线的区域进行选择；所述切换液晶单元阵列为ECB液晶单元阵列，所述ECB液晶单元阵列划分成若干个像素单元，通过设置不同电压来调节各个所述像素单元的相位以使得所述像素单元组成的相位图案呈现透镜特性，通过改变由所述相位图案形成的等效透镜的中心位置来偏转透过所述切换液晶单元阵列的光线，从而进行出射端口的选择。
本发明具有如下优点：
1、本发明波长选择开关装置所用液晶单元阵列成本低，驱动简单；
2、本发明波长选择开关装置中用于实现端口选择的液晶单元阵列不需要使用多层，从而避免了对带宽指标的劣化。
附图说明
图1、本发明的波长选择光开关光路结构图；
图2a～图2c、本发明端口切换工作示意图；
图3、本发明液晶单元阵列示意图；
图4、本发明像素单元编号规则示意图；
图5、本发明液晶单元等效透镜的口径说明示意图；
图6a、本发明液晶单元内的相位设置图；
图6b、本发明液晶单元内的电压设置图；
图7a～图7c、本发明切换液晶单元的三种状态工作原理示意图；
其中：
101：准直器阵列； 102：起偏分束器；
103：扩束系统； 104：分光光栅；
105：分光柱透镜； 106：切换柱透镜；
107：衰减液晶单元阵列； 108：切换液晶单元阵列；
109：反射镜；
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明所适用的波长选择开关在波长分布平面即光栅分光平面的光路结构图具体如图1所示，准直器阵列101、起偏分束器102、扩束系统103、分光光栅104、分光柱透镜105、切换柱透镜106、衰减液晶单元阵列107、切换液晶单元阵列108和反射镜109依次排列，其光路过程具体如下：输入光信号经过准直器阵列101准直后，由起偏分束器102转换成线偏光，再经过扩束系统103进行扩束，扩束光束经过分光光栅104分光成按波长分布的单通道光信号，经过分光光栅104后的通道光信号由分光柱透镜105和切换柱透镜106聚焦到衰减液晶单元阵列107进行衰减量的调节，再由切换液晶单元阵列108选择不同的端口输出。
所述衰减液晶单元阵列107由ECB(电控双折射)液晶单元阵列+检偏器构成，所述衰减液晶单元阵列107中的ECB液晶单元阵列的初始光轴方向(即液晶面板的摩擦方向)与入射光的偏振方向夹角为45°，所述ECB液晶单元阵列中的每一个ECB液晶单元对应一个波长通道，所述衰减液晶单元阵列107中的检偏器透光轴方向与入射光的偏振方向或平行(此时波长选择开关断电时为block状态)或垂直(此时波长选择开关断电时有光输出)。通过设置该ECB液晶单元的控制电压来调节入射光o、e光分量的相位差，当相位差为0时入射光经过该ECB液晶单元后的偏振态不发生改变，若检偏器透光轴方向与入射光的偏振方向平行，则此时相应通道光信号为零衰减，若检偏器透光轴方向与入射光的偏振方向垂直，则相应通道光信号为block状态；当相位差为π时入射光经过该ECB液晶单元后的偏振方向转90°，若检偏器透光轴方向与入射光的偏振方向平行，则此时相应通道光信号为block状态，若检偏器透光轴方向与入射光的偏振方向垂直，则相应通道光信号为零衰减；当相位差在0～π范围内变化时，可实现对入射通道光信号不同程度的衰减。
所述切换液晶单元阵列108为一个ECB液晶单元阵列，并与所述衰减液晶单元阵列107按照对应的通道中心进行对齐。所述切换液晶单元阵列108中的ECB液晶单元阵列的初始光轴方向(即液晶面板的摩擦方向)与所述衰减液晶单元阵列107中的检偏器透光轴方向平行，该光轴方向设置使得在整个加电过程中信号光的偏振态不发生改变，所加电压量只改变通过该ECB液晶单元的信号光的相位。所述切换液晶单元阵列108中的每一个ECB液晶单元对应一个波长通道，并在端口切换方向划分成若干个像素单元，各个像素单元的相位可通过设置不同电压来调节。所述像素单元组成的相位图案呈现透镜特性，透镜中心的偏移量决定光线的偏转角度，通过改变相位图案的透镜中心来实现光线在端口切换方向的角度偏转，从而进行出射端口的选择，相位图案所对应的电压可提前获得，当需要改变相位图案的透镜中心时，则将相位图案中心对应的电压设置到不同的像素单元。
图2a～2c为端口切换工作示意图，切换液晶单元阵列108中的ECB液晶单元在切换平面(即图2a中X-Z平面)呈现透镜特性，并与切换柱透镜106组合成一定焦距的系统切换透镜，系统切换透镜焦距由波长选择开关光学系统要求决定。在进行端口切换时，先将衰减液晶单元阵列107中相应的ECB液晶单元设置为block状态，然后设置切换液晶单元阵列108中的对应ECB液晶单元的透镜中心来选择输出端口，最后再将衰减液晶单元阵列107中的ECB液晶单元从block状态设置为零衰减或指定衰减量。如图2a～2c所示，信号光从端口③入射，通过光学系统中心，切换液晶单元阵列108中的ECB液晶单元呈现负透镜相位特性，当该负透镜中心与切换柱透镜106的中心重合时(图2a中情形)，则从反射镜109反射回来的光仍从端口③输出；当该负透镜中心相对于切换柱透镜106的中心偏上时(图2b中情形)，则从反射镜109反射回来的光从下面端口例如①端口输出；当该负透镜中心相对于切换柱透镜106的中心偏下时(图2c中情形)，则从反射镜109反射回来的光从下面端口例如⑤端口输出。
图3为所述切换液晶单元阵列107的液晶单元阵列示意图，每个液晶单元对应一个光信号通道，通道排列方向为图3中的Y方向，各个ECB液晶单元内的像素单元的相位组成具有透镜特性的相位分布图案，该ECB液晶单元在端口切换方向(即图2a中的X方向)的口径由准直器阵列101的光斑参数和系统切换透镜焦距决定，该ECB液晶单元在端口切换方向所形成的透镜焦距由波长选择开关需要切换的端口数和该ECB液晶单元在端口切换方向的口径共同决定。设ECB液晶单元在端口切换方向的口径直径为D，ECB液晶单元在端口切换方向所形成的透镜焦距为f，该种ECB液晶的主折射率之差为Δn，液晶厚度为d，则该ECB液晶的最大相位差Δn·d应满足：Δn·d＝D2/(2·f)。假设ECB液晶单元在端口切换方向分成2N+1个像素单元，像素单元编号为N、N-1……2、1、0、-1、-2……-(N-1)、-N，如图4所示，ECB液晶单元所形成的等效透镜如图5中所示负透镜(根据光学系统要求也可以为凸透镜)，从图5中可以看出，等效透镜的最大相位差等于透镜中心相位减去透镜口径边缘相位，并应等于该ECB液晶所能达到的最大相位差Δn·d，为了涵盖透镜中心上移到下移的所有情形，等效透镜口径需取为2D，即包含4N+1个像素单元，另外，从图5还可看出，从等效透镜中心到透镜口径边缘，透镜的相位变化并非均匀变化，越靠近透镜口径边缘，相位变化越快，像素单元在ECB液晶单元口径D方向的宽度(为D/(2N+1))需使得等效透镜口径边缘的相邻像素单元的相位变化满足相位精度要求，该相位精度要求需综合考虑波长选择开关光学系统要求和液晶加工工艺，一般应不大于0.1π，则有其中λ为信号光波长，则由此可以得出ECB液晶单元需要划分的最小像素单元数目。所述切换液晶单元阵列的每个液晶单元按照所述波长选择开关的相位精度要求来划分像素单元，并以两倍的像素单元数目划分液晶单元等效透镜的相位，并提前设置每种相位对应的电压。
本发明的一种波长选择开关，通过衰减液晶单元阵列调节各个通道光信号的衰减量，通过将切换液晶单元阵列各液晶单元的相位图案中心对应电压设置到不同的像素单元来实现输出端口的选择。下面详细说明切换液晶单元的工作过程。
如上所述，包含2N+1个像素单元的ECB液晶单元所形成的等效透镜需包含4N+1个像素单元，以该等效透镜口径边缘的相邻像素单元的相位变化作为相位划分的最小相位单位，将等效透镜所包含的4N+1个像素划分成2i+1个相位单元，如图6a所示，共i个相位值，每个相位包含若干个像素单元：0号相位包含M0个像素单元，1号相位包含M1个像素单元，以此类推，i号相位包含Mi个像素单元，且有M0+M1+…+Mi＝2N+1。由等效透镜的相位特性可知，0号相位包含的像素单元最多，i号相位包含的像素单元最少(一般为1个像素单元)。设0号相位包含的像素单元设置电压V0，1号相位包含的像素单元设置电压V1，……i号相位包含的像素单元设置电压Vi，则4N+1个像素单元设置的电压表如图6b所示，相位与电压的关系曲线可事先通过实验获得。
图7a～7c所示为切换液晶单元的工作原理图。如图7a所示，当液晶单元的0号像素单元设置为相位图案的中心时，光线不发生偏折；当液晶单元的N号像素单元设置为相位图案的中心时，光线往-N号像素单元偏折，如图7b所示；当液晶单元的-N号像素单元设置为相位图案的中心时，光线往N号像素单元偏折，如图7c所示。由此可以选择让该通道的信号光从中心端口或从上、下端口出射，即实现了出射端口的选择。
虽然本发明已经详细地示出并描述了一个相关的特定的实施例参考，但本领域的技术人员应该能够理解，在不背离本发明的精神和范围内可以在形式上和细节上作出各种改变。这些改变都将落入本发明的权利要求所要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种波长选择开关，其特征在于：包括准直输入输出装置、起偏分束装置、扩束装置、分光装置、聚焦装置、衰减液晶单元阵列、切换液晶单元阵列、反射装置；其中，
准直输入输出装置用于输入光信号准直；
起偏分束装置用于将准直输入输出装置的光转换成线偏光；
扩束装置用于将起偏分束装置的线偏光进行扩束；
分光装置用于将经扩束装置扩束的光束分光成按波长分布的单通道光信号；
聚焦装置用于将经过分光装置后的通道光信号聚焦到衰减液晶单元阵列以及将各端口光信号平行的回到准直输入输出装置；
衰减液晶单元阵列包括第二ECB液晶单元阵列和检偏器，第二ECB液晶单元阵列由对应波长通道的ECB液晶单元组成，衰减液晶单元阵列通过改变通过ECB液晶单元的信号光的o、e光分量的相位差来实现调节各个波长通道光信号的衰减量；
切换液晶单元阵列包括第一ECB液晶单元阵列，第一ECB液晶单元阵列由对应波长通道的ECB液晶单元组成，所述ECB液晶单元的端口切换方向划分成多个像素单元，每个像素单元的相位由电压调节，各个波长通道对应的ECB液晶单元内的像素单元的相位组成具有透镜特性的相位分布图案，所述切换液晶单元阵列通过电压调节改变相位图案的透镜中心将通过衰减液晶单元阵列的光线在端口切换方向发生角度偏转；
反射装置用于反射切换液晶单元阵列选择的端口光信号至准直输入输出装置对应的端口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种波长选择开关，其特征在于：所述切换液晶单元阵列与衰减液晶单元阵列按照对应的通道中心对齐。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种波长选择开关，其特征在于：所述切换液晶单元阵列中第一ECB液晶单元阵列的初始光轴方向与衰减液晶单元阵列中的检偏器透光轴方向平行。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种波长选择开关，其特征在于：所述聚焦装置由分光柱透镜(105)和切换柱透镜(106)组成。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种波长选择开关，其特征在于：所述衰减液晶单元阵列中的第二ECB液晶单元阵列的初始光轴方向与入射光的偏振方向夹角为45°。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种波长选择开关，其特征在于：所述衰减液晶单元阵列中的检偏器透光轴方向与其入射光的偏振方向平行或垂直。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种波长选择开关，其特征在于：所述准直输入输出装置采用准直器阵列(101)。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种波长选择开关，其特征在于：所述切换液晶单元阵列的ECB液晶的最大相位差Δn·d需满足：Δn·d＝D2/(2·f),D为设置的ECB液晶单元在端口切换方向的口径直径，f为ECB液晶单元在端口切换方向所形成的透镜焦距，Δn为ECB液晶的主折射率之差，d为液晶厚度。
9.根据权利要求5所述的一种波长选择开关，其特征在于：所述切换液晶单元阵列的每个液晶单元按照使所述波长选择开关的相位精度要求来划分像素单元，且以两倍的像素单元数目划分液晶单元等效透镜的相位。
10.一种波长选择开关，其特征在于：包括衰减液晶单元阵列和切换液晶单元阵列；其中，
所述衰减液晶单元阵列用于对入射所述切换液晶单元阵列的光线的区域进行选择；
所述切换液晶单元阵列为ECB液晶单元阵列，所述ECB液晶单元阵列划分成若干个像素单元，通过设置不同电压来调节各个所述像素单元的相位以使得所述像素单元组成的相位图案呈现透镜特性，通过改变由所述相位图案形成的等效透镜的中心位置来偏转透过所述切换液晶单元阵列的光线，从而进行出射端口的选择。
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