CN105181508A - Matching model of difficult-to-cut material removal amount and cutter wearing degree - Google Patents
Matching model of difficult-to-cut material removal amount and cutter wearing degree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a matching model of difficult-to-cut material removal amount and cutter wearing degree. An experiment relates to a machine tool main shaft, a milling cutter, a material, a clamp and a workbench, and also relates to a microscope detecting the cutter wearing degree and a data processing center. The model can be used to analyze the relationship between the cutter wearing degree and the material removal amount when a difficult-to-cut material titanium alloy is processed, an orthogonal experiment method is employed for testing by employing different processing parameters, the cutter wearing degree is measured, and the relationship between the cutter wearing degree and the material removal amount under different conditions is analyzed. Results show that the cutter wearing degree and the material removal amount show linearity correlation. The relationship between the cutter wearing degree and the material removal amount is differently influenced by the main shaft rotation speed, the feed amount, the cutting depth, the cutting width and other parameters, and the research result possesses significant guidance meaning on technology making and cutter selection during numerical control processing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tool wear monitoring field, be specifically related to the Matching Model between a kind of difficult-to-machine material removal amount and tool wear.
Background technology
The cutting process of difficult-to-machine material is the process that difficult-to-machine material produces plastic yield under cutter effect, this is therebetween along with violent friction and wear, the cut of difficult-to-machine material is had, and cutting force is large, cutting temperature is high, the features such as large, tool wear is large are inclined in work hardening, these features not only make stock-removing efficiency low, and make cutter life short, be the difficult problem in cut always.
The low heat conductivity of titanium alloy, high chemical activity cause that cutter in high-speed machining process-bits contact area temperature is high, workpiece material and cutter affinity strong, tool wear is serious, and working (machining) efficiency is low, belongs to typical difficult-to-machine material.For the problem that cutter friction and wear in this quasi-representative difficult-to-machine material is serious, on the basis discussing fly-cutter-bits contact region rubbing characteristics present Research, analyze Cutting Tool Failure Mechanism, Tool in Cutting performance and cooling and lubricating to the impact of cutter friction and wear behavior, summarize the progress of the aspects such as Wear Modeling.Finally propose the new direction of cutter rubbing wear research high Speed Cutting of Difficult to directive function.
(1) difficult-to-machine material engineer applied:
Due to difficult-to-machine material there is the high ratio of strength to weight (intensity and weight rate), high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, high rigidity, high strength, high tenacity and high-wearing feature, the advantage such as coefficient of thermal conductivity low and high temperature chemical activity is high, elastic modulus is little, so be widely used in Aeronautics and Astronautics, naval vessel, nuclear power, automobile and heavy industry field.Processing key part as difficult in aviation---aeromotor single crystal turbine blade, integral wheel, undercarriage etc.
(2) the unmanageable reason of titanium alloy:
Although difficult-to-machine material engineering property is good, its difficulty of processing is large, working (machining) efficiency is low, tool wear is fast, apparatus expensive, processing cost are high, and these become " bottleneck " problem in difficult-to-machine material manufacture.The reason of processing difficulties has: 1) material conducts heat performance is poor, and a large amount of heat in metal cutting concentrates on cutting edge place, and cutter is is very easily worn and torn; 2) content due to active metal is high, very easily produces the phenomenon of bonding cutter in cutting, easily forms BUE and surfaceness is increased, and tool wear is accelerated; 3) there is less elastic modulus, than steel, there is larger bounce-back.The simultaneous tool wear that material is removed, explore mapping relations between it to raising working (machining) efficiency, reduce production cost important in inhibiting.
Because titanium alloy has, coefficient of heat conductivity is low, elastic modulus is little and the active high of pyrochemistry.Therefore in working angles, easily produce very high cutting temperature, cause that tool wear is accelerated, surface quality is difficult to control.Meanwhile, due to the structural member feature of titanium alloy, a large amount of material requires is removed from piece blank, further increases processing difficulties.Wimet is widely used in the processing of titanium alloy material because of its excellent performance.But the wearing and tearing of carbide-tipped tool are distinct issues.Serious tool wear not only on working (machining) efficiency and quality have compared with impact, and be related to processing cost, along with the development of cutting-tool engineering and the appearance of NEW TYPES OF TOOL MATERIALS, metal cutting technology is also improving constantly, and various cutting technology is in succession for difficult-to-machine materials such as processing stainless steel, titanium alloy, hardened steels.At present, the stock-removing efficiency of difficult-to-machine material is also very low, how effectively to improve the stock-removing efficiency of difficult-to-machine material, cuts down finished cost, and is one of current manufacturing industry problem demanding prompt solution.Therefore, the wearing and tearing of research titanic alloy machining cutter, monitoring cutting-tool wear state and titanic alloy machining degree, probe into the relation between tool wear and material removal amount in titanium alloy material process, the more effective processing process carrying out titanium alloy has become the problem that titanic alloy machining research field merits attention.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem, the invention provides the Matching Model between a kind of difficult-to-machine material removal amount and tool wear.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
Detection model between difficult-to-machine material removal amount and tool wear, comprise machine tool chief axis, milling cutter, workpiece, fixture and worktable, milling cutter is arranged on the lower end of machine tool chief axis, and workpiece is arranged in work by fixture, also comprises microscope and a data processing centre (DPC) of a detection tool wear;
Described data processing centre (DPC) carries out data processing by following steps:
S1, by importing from Excel data to MATLAB with draw emulate;
S2, by MATLAB, fitting of a polynomial is carried out to discrete data,
Wherein, described lathe adopts XH714 type vertical machining centre.
Wherein, the hand-held digital microscope of a 3RAnytyVER1.00 is also comprised, for the measurement of tool wear.Vertically be fixed by microscope during measurement, in time being observed object, the object distance between microscope and testee is no more than 30 centimetres.
Wherein, when the hand-held digital microscope of 3RAnytyVER1.00 uses when being observed object and against microscope Transparent Parts, rotation roller can obtain the position of 2 clear pictures, long translucent cover: enlargement factor is 30 times and 200 times; Short translucent cover: enlargement factor is 80 times and 150 times.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention can analyze and add man-hour to difficult-to-machine material titanium alloy, relation between tool wear and material removal amount, use orthogonal experimental method, different machining parameters is tested, measure tool wear degree, analyze contacting between the different condition bottom tool degree of wear and material removal amount.Linear relevant between result display tool wear degree and material removal amount.The different parameters such as the speed of mainshaft, the amount of feeding, cutting depth, cutting width have different impacts to it, and this result of study has important directive significance for the selection of technology establishment cutter in digital control processing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 be in the embodiment of the present invention first group of experiment cutter ten times cut in tool wear and material removal amount.
Fig. 3 is the fitting of a polynomial of first group of experimental data in the embodiment of the present invention.
Tool wear during Fig. 4 second group experiment cutter cuts for ten times and material removal amount.
The fitting of a polynomial of Fig. 5 second group of experimental data.
Tool wear during Fig. 6 the 3rd group experiment cutter cuts for ten times and material removal amount.
The fitting of a polynomial of Fig. 7 the 3rd group of experimental data.
Embodiment
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention process side provides the Matching Model between a kind of difficult-to-machine material removal amount and tool wear, comprise the lower end that machine tool chief axis 1, milling cutter 2, workpiece 3, fixture 4 and worktable 5 milling cutter are arranged on machine tool chief axis 1, workpiece 3 is arranged in work 5 by fixture 4, also comprises microscope and a data processing centre (DPC) of a detection tool wear;
Described data processing centre (DPC) carries out data processing by following steps:
S1, by importing from Excel data to MATLAB with draw emulate;
S2, by MATLAB, fitting of a polynomial is carried out to discrete data.
Described lathe adopts XH714 type vertical machining centre.Also comprise the hand-held digital microscope of a 3RAnytyVER1.00, for the measurement of tool wear.The hand-held digital microscope of 3RAnytyVER1.00 is vertically fixed, and in time being observed object, the object distance between microscope and testee is no more than 30 centimetres.When the hand-held digital microscope of 3RAnytyVER1.00 uses when being observed object and against microscope Transparent Parts, rotation roller can obtain the position of 2 clear pictures, long translucent cover: enlargement factor is 30 times and 200 times; Short translucent cover: enlargement factor is 80 times and 150 times.
Embodiment
A two profiles number different cutter is used to carry out cutting experiment.Experiment is specifically divided into titanium alloy workpiece to process and two stages of data acquisition.This experimental design adopts orthogonal experiment design, and wherein, cutting parameter is the speed of mainshaft, the amount of feeding, cutting depth and cutting width.According to the performance of machining center, determine the scope of 4 cutting datas:
Speed of mainshaft n (rpm): 700,1000,1300;
Amount of feeding v
f(mm/min): 80,100,120;
Cutting depth dp (mm): 0.1,0.3,0.5;
Cutting width de (mm): 40,50,60;
According to scope, and consider experimentation cost, select the orthogonal experiment of 4 factor 3 levels here.Experiment parameter is in table 1.
Detail parameters tested by table 1
This concrete enforcement can be divided into two stages
First stage: according to the cutting parameter combination of setting, see the above table machining titanium alloy workpiece.The blade model experimentally adopted, five blades of same model are installed in each experiment on handle of a knife, and give blade number consecutively, the complete surfacing width 40mm of each cutting, the wide 80mm of material completes and once tests, and then carries out subordinate phase data acquisition, after having gathered, again install blade successively, proceed experiment.Repeat this experiment successively, cut ten times altogether.Here it should be noted that cutting width is owing to testing the restriction of itself, often organizes and is all set to 40mm.
Subordinate phase: experimental data collection.After first stage completes and once tests, 5 blades are taken off successively the blade of good number of mark from handle of a knife, at the end of adopting portable video microscope 3RAnytyVER1.00 to measure each experiment, the wear extent of each blade, measures successively, record data, until experiment terminates.The measurement collection of data with the complete wearing part of cutter for reference quantity.
Embodiment 1
The parameter needed in experimentation has the speed of mainshaft, the amount of feeding, cutting depth, cutting width, material removing rate, time.According to table 2, first group of process data setting value is in table 2.
First group, table 2 experiment cutting parameter
| n(rpm) | vτ(mm/min) | dp(mm) | de(mm) | q(cm 3/min) | t(min) | v(cm 3) |
| 700 | 80 | 0.1 | 40 | 0.32 | 7.5 | 2.4 |
Under first group of cutting parameter, the concrete data of tool abrasion of five blades, ten cuttings are in table 3.
Tool wear during first group, table 3 experiment cutter cuts for ten times
| For the first time | For the second time | For the third time | 4th time | 5th time | 6th time | 7th time | 8th time | 9th time | Tenth time | |
| Cutter 1 | 0.1710 | 0.7570 | 0.9140 | 1.7430 | 2.4670 | 3.5640 | 3.8570 | 4.3980 | 5.1290 | 5.8680 |
| Cutter 2 | 0.3190 | 0.7520 | 0.9310 | 1.3960 | 1.8020 | 2.3950 | 2.4460 | 3.2580 | 4.2060 | 4.5760 |
| Cutter 3 | 0.3730 | 0.5310 | 1.1530 | 1.3280 | 1.8490 | 2.6700 | 3.9140 | 4.5210 | 5.1710 | 5.3860 |
| Cutter 4 | 0.3390 | 0.7110 | 1.1660 | 2.0280 | 2.2480 | 2.5100 | 3.4060 | 4.3110 | 5.1670 | 5.8040 |
| Cutter 5 | 0.2410 | 0.5630 | 1.0290 | 1.3170 | 1.7300 | 2.2300 | 3.1520 | 4.0130 | 4.8190 | 5.6140 |
| Mean value | 0.2886 | 0.6628 | 1.0386 | 1.5624 | 2.0192 | 2.6738 | 3.3550 | 4.1002 | 4.8984 | 5.4496 |
According to the data of table 3, the variation tendency of its data is shown in Fig. 2.Relation in figure between the tool wear of blade one to five and material removal amount successively by have at node circle, square, fork, point, cross mark five kinds of broken lines represent, the relation between the tool wear mean value of blade one to five and material removal amount represents by the markd broken line of node.Because adopt same cutter, and be test at identical conditions, in order to the accuracy of testing, solving of mean value has been carried out to the data of five groups of tool wears, mean value represents the experimental result of this experiment to a certain extent, therefore mean value is carried out to the fitting of a polynomial of discrete function, better can find out relation between the two.
The data of its matching are in table 4.
The fitting of a polynomial of the discrete function of table 4 first group of experimental data
Obtain function:
y
1＝0.0045x
2+0.1265x-0.069(1)
Fitted figure is shown in 3.
As can be seen from formula (1) and Fig. 3, under the parameter of first group of experiment, the wearing and tearing of cutter and material removal amount are substantially proportional, and along with the increase of material removal amount, the wearing and tearing of cutter also increase thereupon.
Second group, table 5 experiment cutting parameter
Embodiment 2
The parameter needed in experimentation has the speed of mainshaft, the amount of feeding, cutting depth, cutting width, material removing rate, time.According to table 1, second group of process data setting value is in table 5.
Under second group of cutting parameter, the concrete data of tool abrasion of five blades, ten cuttings are in table 6.
Tool wear during second group, table 6 experiment cutter cuts for ten times
| For the first time | For the second time | For the third time | 4th time | 5th time | 6th time | 7th time | 8th time | 9th time | Tenth time | |
| Cutter 1 | 0.4120 | 1.2080 | 1.3740 | 1.6760 | 2.1600 | 3.1960 | 3.8260 | 4.9130 | 5.3470 | 5.7610 |
| Cutter 2 | 0.4930 | 1.3770 | 2.5090 | 3.1000 | 3.5140 | 4.1270 | 4.5130 | 5.1720 | 6.1260 | 7.7770 |
| Cutter 3 | 0.5710 | 1.1460 | 1.3920 | 1.7200 | 2.0340 | 2.6010 | 3.5000 | 4.5790 | 5.3490 | 5.5260 |
| Cutter 4 | 1.2460 | 2.1700 | 2.8070 | 4.1120 | 4.7180 | 4.9790 | 5.2490 | 5.7890 | 8.2080 | 9.4980 |
| Cutter 5 | 0.6540 | 1.1740 | 1.4410 | 1.6860 | 2.3320 | 3.3500 | 3.5340 | 4.3550 | 4.7000 | 5.1810 |
| Mean value | 0.6752 | 1.415 | 1.9046 | 2.4588 | 2.9516 | 3.6506 | 4.1244 | 4.9616 | 5.946 | 6.7486 |
According to the data of table 5, the variation tendency of its data is shown in Fig. 4.Relation in figure between the tool wear of blade one to five and material removal amount successively by have at node circle, square, fork, point, cross mark five kinds of broken lines represent, the relation between the tool wear mean value of blade one to five and material removal amount represents by the markd broken line of node.Because adopt same cutter, and be test at identical conditions, in order to the accuracy of testing, solving of mean value has been carried out to the data of five groups of tool wears, mean value represents the experimental result of this experiment to a certain extent, therefore mean value is carried out to the fitting of a polynomial of discrete function, better can find out relation between the two.
In order to find the relation between tool wear and material removal amount better, this experiment adopts the method for fitting of a polynomial.The data of its matching are in table 7.
The fitting of a polynomial of the discrete function of table 7 second group of experimental data
Obtain function:
y
2＝0.003x
2+0.0434x+0.4250(2)
Fitted figure is shown in 5.
As can be seen from formula (2) and Fig. 5, under the parameter of second group of experiment, the wearing and tearing of cutter and material removal amount are substantially proportional, along with the increase of material removal amount, the wearing and tearing of cutter also increase thereupon, and the growth rate in later stage is slightly than in earlier stage fast.
Embodiment 3
The parameter needed in experimentation has the speed of mainshaft, the amount of feeding, cutting depth, cutting width, material removing rate, time.According to table 1, the 3rd group of process data setting value is in table 8.
The 3rd group, table 8 experiment cutting parameter
| n(rpm) | vτ(mm/min) | dp(mm) | de(mm) | q(cm 3/min) | t(min) | v(cm 3) |
| 700 | 120 | 0.5 | 60 | 3.6 | 5 | 18 |
Under 3rd group of cutting parameter, the concrete data of tool abrasion of five blades, ten cuttings are in table 9.
Tool wear during the 3rd group, table 9 experiment cutter cuts for ten times
| For the first time | For the second time | For the third time | 4th time | 5th time | 6th time | 7th time | 8th time | 9th time | Tenth time | |
| Cutter 1 | 1.1600 | 1.9390 | 2.9870 | 4.0830 | 5.1420 | 6.1890 | 7.4590 | 7.6260 | 8.2100 | 9.3230 |
| Cutter 2 | 1.7860 | 3.0890 | 3.1270 | 4.1740 | 4.7680 | 5.9970 | 7.0920 | 7.7320 | 7.9750 | 8.3580 |
| Cutter 3 | 0.7960 | 1.8090 | 3.1420 | 3.9480 | 4.2330 | 5.4000 | 6.3100 | 7.5280 | 7.6980 | 8.4630 |
| Cutter 4 | 1.6610 | 3.0960 | 3.1920 | 4.4720 | 5.2490 | 5.8460 | 6.3140 | 8.0010 | 8.9580 | 9.4100 |
| Cutter 5 | 1.2180 | 2.1970 | 2.9330 | 3.2350 | 4.8470 | 5.5410 | 6.1810 | 6.8030 | 7.2530 | 8.3070 |
| Mean value | 1.3242 | 2.426 | 3.0762 | 3.9824 | 4.8478 | 5.7946 | 6.6712 | 7.538 | 8.0188 | 8.7722 |
According to the data of table 9, the variation tendency of its data is shown in Fig. 6.Relation in figure between the tool wear of blade one to five and material removal amount successively by have at node circle, square, fork, point, cross mark five kinds of broken lines represent, the relation between the tool wear mean value of blade one to five and material removal amount represents by the markd broken line of node.Because adopt same cutter, and be test at identical conditions, in order to the accuracy of testing, solving of mean value has been carried out to the data of five groups of tool wears, mean value represents the experimental result of this experiment to a certain extent, therefore mean value is carried out to the fitting of a polynomial of discrete function, better can find out relation between the two.
In order to find the relation between tool wear and material removal amount better, this experimental analysis uses the method for fitting of a polynomial.The data of its matching are in table 10.
The fitting of a polynomial of the discrete function of table 10 the 3rd group of experimental data
Obtain function:
y
3＝0.0548x+0.3553(3)
Fitted figure is shown in 7.
As can be seen from formula (3) and Fig. 7, under the parameter of the 3rd group of experiment, the wearing and tearing of cutter and material removal amount are substantially proportional, along with the increase of material removal amount, the wearing and tearing of cutter also increase thereupon, but the growth rate in later stage comparatively early stage is slightly slow.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the Matching Model between difficult-to-machine material removal amount and tool wear, it is characterized in that, comprise machine tool chief axis (1), milling cutter (2), workpiece (3), fixture (4) and worktable (5), milling cutter (2) is arranged on the lower end of machine tool chief axis (1), workpiece (3) is arranged in work (5) by fixture (4), also comprises microscope and a data processing centre (DPC) of a detection tool wear;
Described data processing centre (DPC) carries out data processing by following steps:
S1, by importing from Excel data to MATLAB with draw emulate;
S2, by MATLAB, fitting of a polynomial is carried out to discrete data.
2. the Matching Model between difficult-to-machine material removal amount according to claim 1 and tool wear, is characterized in that, described lathe adopts XH714 type vertical machining centre.
3. the Matching Model between difficult-to-machine material removal amount according to claim 1 and tool wear, is characterized in that, also comprises the hand-held digital microscope of a 3RAnytyVER1.00, for the measurement of tool wear.
4. the Matching Model between difficult-to-machine material removal amount according to claim 1 and tool wear, it is characterized in that, the hand-held digital microscope of 3RAnytyVER1.00 is vertically fixed, and in time being observed object, the object distance between microscope and testee is no more than 30 centimetres.
5. the Matching Model between difficult-to-machine material removal amount according to claim 1 and tool wear, it is characterized in that, when 3RAnytyVER1.00 hand-held digital microscope uses when being observed object and against microscope Transparent Parts, rotation roller can obtain the position of 2 clear pictures, long translucent cover: enlargement factor is 30 times and 200 times; Short translucent cover: enlargement factor is 80 times and 150 times.
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| CN106001716A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-10-12 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Method for improving integrity of cutting surface of aluminum-lithium alloy workpiece |
| CN108362590A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-08-03 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of cutter material selection method towards the cutting of hardworking material |
| CN109226803A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-18 | 上海交通大学 | Adaptive drilling machining method based on simple harmonic oscillation chip breaking |
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| CN109226803A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-01-18 | 上海交通大学 | Adaptive drilling machining method based on simple harmonic oscillation chip breaking |
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Application publication date: 20151223 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |